Kdo vládne Česku?: poloprezidentský režim, přímá volba a pravidla hry
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Czech |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Brno
Barrister & Principal Publishing
2017
|
| Ausgabe: | Vydání první |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Literaturverzeichnis Abstract Register // Personenregister |
| Beschreibung: | 143 Seiten 21 cm |
| ISBN: | 9788074851223 8074851222 |
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| 653 | |a poloprezidencialismus | ||
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| 653 | 0 | |a prezident republiky / Česko / 21. století | |
| 653 | 0 | |a přímá volba prezidenta / Česko / 21. století | |
| 653 | 0 | |a parlamentní demokracie / Česko / 21. století | |
| 653 | 0 | |a politický systém / Česko / 21. století | |
| 653 | 0 | |a prezidenti / Česko / 21. století | |
| 653 | 0 | |a presidency / Czechia / 21st century | |
| 653 | 0 | |a direct presidential elections / Czechia / 21st century | |
| 653 | 0 | |a representative government and representation / Czechia / 21st century | |
| 653 | 0 | |a political system / Czechia / 21st century | |
| 653 | 0 | |a presidents / Czechia / 21st century | |
| 653 | 2 | |a Česko / politika a vláda / 21. století | |
| 653 | 2 | |a Czechia / politics and government / 21st century | |
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Obsah
Üvod 9
PRVNf CÄST
Teorie poloprezidencialismu
1. Proc se (opet) venovat poloprezidencialismu? 15
2. Rüzne koncepce poloprezidencialismu 17
2.1 Duvergerovci 19
2.2 Post-duvergerovci 24
2.3 Odmitaci a pochybovaci 26
3. Rüzny vyskyt poloprezidencialismu 31
4. Jak pojimat a definovat poloprezidencialismus? 34
4.1 Kritika Duvergerovy koncepce a odpoved’ na ni 34
4.2 „Celkem znacne pravomoci“ 40
4.3 Inovovanä koncepce poloprezidencialismu 50
5. Vseobecnä volba prezidenta 53
Druha cäst
PrEZIDENTI A CESKA POLITIKA
1. Cesky prezident a jeho mimofädnost 65
2. Historicke a kulturni okolnosti 67
3. Jak jsou prezidenti vnimäni? 75
4. Jak prezidentl vnímají sami sebe? 79
5. Jak prezidenta vnímá odborná vefejnost? 85
6. Prezidenti a politické strany 88
Treti cast
PrÍBÉH RüSNOKOVY VLÁDY
X. Proc je dülezité veno vat se Rusnokové vládé
ajaktodélat? 95
2. Prezidentská viada a její typy 98
3. Vznik Rusnokovy vlády 103
4. Prezidentova role 107
4.1 Ústava, ústavní zvyklosti a jejich (ne)dodrzování 107
4.2 Hlas lidu, hlas Bozí 111
4.3 Vyznam stranického systému 116
Závér 121
Pouzítá literatura 124
Summary 138
Jmenny rejstñk 143
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Summary
This book is concerned with two closely linked topics: the concept of semi-
presidential ism and the Czech democratic regime subsequent to 2012, when
the popular election of the president was introduced to the constitution
of the Czech Republic. The constitutional amendment that allowed for
this is relevant from two perspectives 1) democratic regime types theory
2) constitutional practice, i.e. implications of the constitutional change
when it comes to the presidential politics of the Czech Republic.
As for the first perspective, there has been a scholarly discussion on whether
the Czech Republic has a parliamentary or a semi-presidential regime. And
in relation to the second perspective, scholars differ in deciding on the
key defining features of semi-presidential ism, a concept which has been
plagued by conceptual ambiguity since the 1970s when Maurice Duverger
introduced it to political science. Moreover, this ambiguity has led some
scholars to reject the concept altogether. We consider as unjustified and
unwarranted opposing views that claim semi-presidentialism is either
merely a kind of continuous intermediate betw een parliamentarism and
presidential! sm, or an alternation of parliamentary and presidential phases.
We believe that a semi-presidential regime clearly represents a distinctive
type of democratic regime. At the same time, we recognise that semi-
-presidentialism can be defined in various ways. However, none of the
definitions can be considered as “standard” in the sense that they should
be widely recognised and used, and go unquestioned. Such an approach
is anti-scientific and indefensible. We agree that the original definition of
semi-presidentialism formulated by Duverger is ambiguous, especially the
criterion of “quite considerable powers”.
Yet unlike scholars of more recent times, we claim that the way to
overcome this ambiguity is not to eliminate, but rather to clarify the
criterion of presidential powers. In line with classic concepts of semi-
-presidentialism put forward by Maurice Duverger or Giovanni Sartori,
and in contrast to the so-called “post-Duvergerian” definition of semi-
138
j
-presidentialism, we argue that the notion of presidential powers is central
to an understanding of semi-presidentialism. Thus, we carry on with the
“Duvergerian” tradition of semi-presidentialism and we advocate its
“maximalist” version: we believe that the definition of a semi-presidential
regime should include a larger number of defining traits. As a result, we
present our own definition of semi-presidentialism that avoids the pitfalls
of various definitions in that it is much clearer and at the same time retains
the criterion of presidential power. We argue that the presidential power
must be constitutionally anchored. It cannot be a “pseudo-power” usurped
by the president contrary to the rules of the game. Nor can it be power that
results from constitutional stretching.
We also extensively discuss the relevance of the mode of election of the
president in various regime types. Although we acknowledge that the
method of electing the president can play a role, and an important role
at that meaning it should therefore be included in the definition of semi-
-presidentialism, the cornerstone of the semi-presidential concept lies in the
presidential power. In short, the semi-presidential regime is characterised
by the popular election of the president, who wields independent, positively
political and executive powers.
As far as the second perspective referred to above is concerned, due to
the 2012 constitutional amendment that introduced the popular election of
the president and preceded the election of Milos Zeman one year later, the
Czech democratic regime was undoubtedly changed. However, the change
was not so far-reaching as to shift the Czech polity from a parliamentary to
a semi-presidential regime type. Our argument is that the Czech Republic
has never been a semi-presidential country in line with classic definitions
or our own definition.
Czech politicians may have changed the presidential election method,
but this change was not accompanied by a modifying of the presidential
powers. The Czech president has never been a “ruling” president. He lacks
real executive powers through which he could become a strong and not
merely formal part of the executive. Executive power is held almost solely
by the government, headed by the prime minister who is responsible to
parliament (the Chamber of Deputies), which amounts to a typical feature
of parliamentary regimes. From this definitional perspective, the method
of election of the head of state does not really matter. However, that does
139
not mean that the presidential election mode is irrelevant from a practical
perspective.
Indeed, the first popularly elected Czech president, Milos Zeman, was well
aware of the practical political implications (i.e. the bestowing of greater
legitimacy) of the 2012 constitutional amendment and he has since tried to
use it for his own purposes. This effort from Zeman was especially visible
at the beginning of his term, as he endeavoured to build his own power
base through the presidential cabinet led by Prime Minister Jin Rusnok
which was backed by Zeman’s own party (SPOZ). The move ultimately fell
through, since the Rusnok cabinet was rejected by the Chamber of Deputies
and Zeman’s party failed to receive enough votes to obtain parliamentary
seats in the 2013 Chamber of Deputies elections. However, it is advisable
that special attention is paid to Zeman’s behaviour, because it amounted to
the most serious attempt at systemic change, and the most serious deviation
from the contours of the Czech parliamentary democratic regime, since the
1989 fall of communism. The story of Rusnok’s cabinet clearly shows
how the decision of Czech politicians to change the presidential election
method in 2012 was inappropriate and even dangerous.
Reflecting the major topics, our book is divided into three main parts.
The first part is dedicated to the concept of semi-presidentialism. First
we introduce various concepts of the semi-presidential regime, including
the observations of critics of the concepts. We ourselves critically assess
the various approaches to semi-presidentialism. The account of semi-
-presidential concepts clears the ways for our own conceptualisation of
semi-presidentialism based on presidential powers. The powers criterion is
widely discussed in the book. We also pay particular attention to the issue of
the popular election of the president from both theoretical and comparative
perspectives. The issue of the popular election of the president is crucial
because its importance is often exaggerated in scholarly literature, notably
in theoretical literature on democratic regime types, and also because this
is basically the only systemic change that affected the Czech democratic
regime in 2012.
The second part of the book is consistent with our understanding of semi-
-presidentialism. It is concerned with the Czech president, his informal
influence, and his formal constitutional and real political power. We provide
an overview of historical and cultural circumstances that have shaped the
140
Czechoslovak/Czech presidency. We also show how the Czech presidents
have been perceived by the general public as well as how the presidents
themselves have understood their political and constitutional roles. We also
provide accounts of how the professional public understand the role of the
president. Finally, we analyse relationships between the Czech presidents
and political parties; political partisanship is the decisive influence on the
president, his real power and the entire democratic regime.
The third part of the book is devoted to the formation and working of the
Rusnok cabinet across 2013-2014. We believe that this particular feature
of Czech politics most clearly reflects the efforts of President Milos Zeman
to change the nature of the Czech presidency as well that of the Czech
democratic regime. We classify the Rusnok cabinet as a presidential cabinet
because it was formed exclusively by the president. In addition, it was
formed contrary to the will of the parliamentary majority as corroborated
by the Chamber of Deputies’ refusal to pass a vote of confidence in the
Rusnok cabinet. Despite this failure to gain approval, the Rusnok cabinet
remained in office for several months. Its time in power amounted to the
most serious, although ultimately unsuccessful, attempt at shifting the
Czech Republic closer to a semi-presidential regime.
To sum up, the Czech regime did not become a semi-presidential regime;
at most it could only approximate one because Zeman did not meet and
obtain, and could not meet and obtain, the conditions and properties of
presidential power in line with our definition of semi-presidentialism. In
other words, instead of shifting the Czech Republic from parliamentarism
to semi-presidentialism, the constitutional change, as well as Zeman’s
unconventional steps, led to the deformation of the existing parliamentary
regime, which had been working poorly even prior to the constitutional
switch. Czech politicians were urgently and extensively warned by the
professional community long before this long-term systemic change
occurred. After 2013, they began to reap what they had sown.
Bayerische
Staatsbibliothek
München
141
Jmennÿ rejstrik
Albert, Richard 23
Anckar, Dag 49
Antoszewski, Andrzej 21-22
Antos, Marek 86-87, 112
Augustin, Radek 119
Babis, Andrej 116
Bankowicz, Marek 24, 65, 73, 124
Bärta, Jan 110
Bell, David 28, 124
Benes, Edvard 68,71, 135
Beuve-Mery, Hubert 17
Beyme von, Klaus 28, 124
Bobosikova, Jana 91
Brüning, Heinrich 101
Buzkovä, Petra 89
Canas, Vitalino 23, 125
Carey, John 29,42, 44-45, 54, 57, 134
Ciampi, Carlo Azeglio 102
Dini, Lamberto 102
Dolezal, Bohumil 89-90,126
Duverger, Maurice 17-20, 24-26,
28-36, 40, 44, 46^47, 50-51, 66-
-67, 96, 103, 121, 126, 138-139
Elgie, Robert 17-18,24-26,28,
31-36, 39-40, 42-43, 48, 52, 63,
122, 126-128, 129, 132
Elkins, Zachary 15,128
Fischer, Jan 72, 95
Florian, Jan 105
Frantisek Josef I. 69
Frye, Timothy 45, 127
Gaulle de, Charles 51
Gerloch, Ales 10, 73-74, 86, 127, 129
Ginsburg, Tom 15,128
Gottwald, Klement 68, 73, 75
Gross, Stanislav 89, 92
Haakon VII. 54
Hasek, Michal 106
Havel, Václav 65, 68, 70, 79-82,
88-91, 108-109, 126-128
Hlousek, Vit 10,23-24,37-38,49,
72, 92, 95, 98, 109, 128-129
Hofer, Norbert 51
Husák, Gustáv 73, 75
Cheibub, José 15-16,22,31,128
ísmayr, Wolfgang 28,30, 128
Kasl, Jan 89
Kekkonen, Urho 116
Klaus, Václav 65, 68, 70, 75-76, 80,
82-83, 87, 89-92, 124
Kocí, Kristyna 105
Kopecek, Lubomír 10, 23, 37-38,
65, 70, 72, 80,91,95,98, 109,
111, 128-129
Kovác, Michal 60
Kraus, Martin 7
Kudma, Jan 10-11,74,87-88,129
Kwasniewski, Aleksander 60
Kysela, Jan 9-10,44,65,70-71,
73-75, 82, 86, 89, 96^97, 129-130
Lenin, Vladimir I. 73
Lijphart, Arend 16, 32, 36-37, 54,
58, 60, 116, 130
Linz, Juan J. 22, 35, 58, 79, 130
142
Lobkowicz, Michal 89
Loewenstein, Karl 28, 96, 130
Mach, Petr 91
Martinez, Rafael 20, 131
Masaryk, Tomás G. 67, 73, 81, 131
McGregor, James 45, 131
Meciar, Vladimir 60
Merkel, Wolfgang 29-30, 131
Metcalf, Lee Kendall 45-46, 131
Miks, Frantisek 14
Mlynár, Vladimir 89
Molek, Pavel 75, 86, 107-109, 132
Monti, Mario 101-102
Morgan-Jones, Edward 26,59,61,
98, 100, 118, 132, 134
Moserová Jaroslava 92
Munkh-Erdene, Lhamsuren 56, 132
Mynár, Vratislav 113
Nagyová, Jana 104
Ñecas, Petr 11, 87, 103-104, 108,
112-114, 118
Necasová, Radka 104
Nemcová, Miroslava 105,113-114
Neto, Octavio A. 58
Novák, Miroslav 9, 13, 18, 23, 31,
41,62, 67, 92, 118, 124, 132
Novotny, Antonín 68, 75
O’Neil, Patrie 22, 132
Papen von, Franz 102
Pasquino, Gianfranco 22, 28-29,
38, 132
Peake, Karolina 103, 105
Pehe, Jiri 69, 91, 133
Pithart, Petr 66,68,70-71,90,115,133
Protsyk, Oleh 59,133
Rak, Jiri 69, 133
Reestman, Jan H. 27,133
Ruml, Jan 80-81
Rusnok, Jiri 12, 72, 80, 95-98, 103,
105, 107-108, 111-114, 119, 123,
140-141
Samuels, David 29, 133
Sartori, Giovanni 16,20-21,31—35,
38—43, 47, 54-55, 66-67, 133,
134, 139
Shugart, Matthew 20, 29, 42, 44-45,
54-55,57, 59, 117, 134
Schleicher von, Kurt 102
Schleiter, Petra 26, 59, 61, 98, 100,
118, 134
Siaroff, Alan 27, 134
Skach, Cindy 22, 42, 54, 103, 134
Sobotka, Bohuslav 87, 106, 111
Srp, Karel 88
Strom, Kaare 54-55, 57-58, 100,
118, 134
Svoboda, Cyril 89
Svoboda, Ludvik 68
Syrovy, Jan 101
Sedo, Jakub 23, 37-38
Skárka, Jaros lav 105
'w
Skromach, Zdenék 106
Spidla, Vladimir 92
Tavits, Margit 57, 60, 76, 97, 135
Toman, Miroslav 119
Topolánek, Mirek 107,109
Tosovsky, Josef 72, 95, 99, 109
Tudjman, Franjo 62
Úlehla, Tomás 105
Vedel, Georges 36
Wiatr, Jerzy J. 23,62, 135
Wintr, Jan 9-10, 14, 66, 71, 86, 135
Zeman, Milos 9, 11, 13, 68, 76, 80,
83-85, 87-88, 91-93, 95-96,
104-116, 118-120, 122-123,
139-142
Zimola, Jiri 106
Bayerische
Staat sbibüGthek
München
143 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Brunclík, Miloš 1981- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)114006486X (DE-588)141584734 |
| author_facet | Brunclík, Miloš 1981- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Brunclík, Miloš 1981- |
| author_variant | m b mb |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV044506248 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1005677564 (DE-599)BVBBV044506248 |
| edition | Vydání první |
| format | Book |
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| geographic_facet | Tschechien |
| id | DE-604.BV044506248 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-10-12T16:03:59Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9788074851223 8074851222 |
| language | Czech |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-029906143 |
| oclc_num | 1005677564 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-M457 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-M457 |
| physical | 143 Seiten 21 cm |
| publishDate | 2017 |
| publishDateSearch | 2017 |
| publishDateSort | 2017 |
| publisher | Barrister & Principal Publishing |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Brunclík, Miloš 1981- Verfasser (DE-588)114006486X aut Kdo vládne Česku? poloprezidentský režim, přímá volba a pravidla hry Miloš Brunclík, Michal Kubát Vydání první Brno Barrister & Principal Publishing 2017 143 Seiten 21 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Zusammenfassung in englischer Sprache Semipräsidentielles Regierungssystem (DE-588)4539519-6 gnd rswk-swf Politisches System (DE-588)4046584-6 gnd rswk-swf Tschechien (DE-588)4303381-7 gnd rswk-swf poloprezidentský systém vlády poloprezidencialismus Zeman, Miloš / 1944- prezident republiky / Česko / 21. století přímá volba prezidenta / Česko / 21. století parlamentní demokracie / Česko / 21. století politický systém / Česko / 21. století prezidenti / Česko / 21. století presidency / Czechia / 21st century direct presidential elections / Czechia / 21st century representative government and representation / Czechia / 21st century political system / Czechia / 21st century presidents / Czechia / 21st century Česko / politika a vláda / 21. století Czechia / politics and government / 21st century 2012-2017 21. století kolektivní monografie collective monographs Tschechien (DE-588)4303381-7 g Politisches System (DE-588)4046584-6 s Semipräsidentielles Regierungssystem (DE-588)4539519-6 s DE-604 Kubát, Michal 1975- Sonstige (DE-588)141584734 oth Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029906143&sequence=000005&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029906143&sequence=000006&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029906143&sequence=000007&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029906143&sequence=000008&line_number=0004&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Personenregister |
| spellingShingle | Brunclík, Miloš 1981- Kdo vládne Česku? poloprezidentský režim, přímá volba a pravidla hry Semipräsidentielles Regierungssystem (DE-588)4539519-6 gnd Politisches System (DE-588)4046584-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4539519-6 (DE-588)4046584-6 (DE-588)4303381-7 |
| title | Kdo vládne Česku? poloprezidentský režim, přímá volba a pravidla hry |
| title_auth | Kdo vládne Česku? poloprezidentský režim, přímá volba a pravidla hry |
| title_exact_search | Kdo vládne Česku? poloprezidentský režim, přímá volba a pravidla hry |
| title_full | Kdo vládne Česku? poloprezidentský režim, přímá volba a pravidla hry Miloš Brunclík, Michal Kubát |
| title_fullStr | Kdo vládne Česku? poloprezidentský režim, přímá volba a pravidla hry Miloš Brunclík, Michal Kubát |
| title_full_unstemmed | Kdo vládne Česku? poloprezidentský režim, přímá volba a pravidla hry Miloš Brunclík, Michal Kubát |
| title_short | Kdo vládne Česku? |
| title_sort | kdo vladne cesku poloprezidentsky rezim prima volba a pravidla hry |
| title_sub | poloprezidentský režim, přímá volba a pravidla hry |
| topic | Semipräsidentielles Regierungssystem (DE-588)4539519-6 gnd Politisches System (DE-588)4046584-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Semipräsidentielles Regierungssystem Politisches System Tschechien |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029906143&sequence=000005&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029906143&sequence=000006&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029906143&sequence=000007&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029906143&sequence=000008&line_number=0004&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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