An unproclaimed empire: the Grand Duchy of Lithuania : from the viewpoint of comparative historical sociology of empires
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
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London
Routledge
2018
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| Schriftenreihe: | Rouledge research in early modern history
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| Online-Zugang: | rezensiert in: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung (ZfO), 69 (2020), 2, S. 264-266 rezensiert in: sehepunkte 20 (2020), Nr. 9 Inhaltsverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register |
| Beschreibung: | xi, 414 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karte |
| ISBN: | 9781138281547 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a An unproclaimed empire |b the Grand Duchy of Lithuania : from the viewpoint of comparative historical sociology of empires |c Zenonas Norkus ; translation from Lithuanian by Albina Strunga |
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| 650 | 4 | |a Imperialism |x History | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Imperialism |v Cross-cultural studies | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | AN UNPROCLAIMED EMPIRE
/ NORKUS, ZENONASYYEAUTHOR
: 2017
TABLE OF CONTENTS / INHALTSVERZEICHNIS
PART 1. TRANSLATIO IMPERII AND LITHUANIAN HISTORY
TRANSLATIO IMPERII IN OUTLINE
THE GRAND DUCHY OF LITHUANIA AS AN EMPIRE IN HISTORIOGRAPHY
PART 2. EMPIRE AND IMPERIALISM : METHODOLOGICAL STRATEGIES
ON THE CONTROVERSIES OVER CONCEPTS AND THE WAYS HOW TO SOLVE THEM
CLIOMETRY OF EMPIRES
THE EMPIRE AND THE INTER-POLITY SYSTEM : VIEWS FROM INTERNATIONAL
RELATIONS STUDIES
THE EMPIRE FROM THE VIEWPOINT OF CONSTITUTIONAL LAW AND COMPARATIVE
POLITICS
DEFINITION AND TYPOLOGY OF EMPIRES
CLIODYNAMICS OF EMPIRES
PART 3. THE GRAND DUCHY OF LITHUANIA AS AN EMPIRE
OLD LITHUANIANS AS IMPERIALIST LIBERATORS
THE GRAND DUCHY IN THE PURSUIT OF HEGEMONY : AIMS AND ACHIEVEMENTS
WHOSE EMPIRE WAS THE GRAND DUCHY?
THE METROPOLE AND PERIPHERIES OF THE GRAND DUCHY
WHY WAS IT SO DIFFICULT TO IDENTIFY THE GRAND DUCHY AS AN EMPIRE?
THE GRAND DUCHY AS AN EMPIRE WITH ADJECTIVES
ON THE DATES OF BIRTH AND DEATH OF THE LITHUANIAN EMPIRE
LITHUANIAN IMPERIALISM AND THE BIRTH OF THE LITHUANIAN STATE
UNACCOMPLISHED MISSION OF THE LITHUANIAN EMPIRE
CONCLUDING GENERALISATIONS
DIESES SCHRIFTSTUECK WURDE MASCHINELL ERZEUGT.
Index
Numbers in italics refer to figures
Abbasids 167, 226-7, 260
Abernethy, David 36, 40
Achaemenid empire 12, 71, 99-100,
119,126, 166-9, 252, 292; invention
of the of authority delegation 101,
181
Adamus, Jan Jozef 217, 217n2, 301,
331
Adcock, Robert 84, 88
Adshead, Samuel Adrian M., 240, 245
adulthood date of an empire (A) xii, 98,
100, 106; of GDL as empire 314-16,
330n6, 330n26
Africa 37, 71, 88nl0, 104, 125, 194,
313
Ahmed Khan 380-1
Aiviekste 222
Akkad empire 64, 71-2, 97
Alantas, Vytautas 64n9, 65
Alcock, Susan 13,109, 172, 193
Aldona (Anna) 221
Aleksandrov, Dmitrij A. 302, 331
Alekseev, Leonid V. 209, 217
Aleksej Mixailovic 278
Aleksij, metropolitan 25, 237, 383
Alexander, grand duke of the GDL 199,
261,264, 321,325
Alexander Nevsky 224n6, 247, 377
Alexander the Macedonian 99, 108nl2,
115; his empire 71, 99-101, 252
Aigazi, Gadi 365, 363n2
Algirdas 43, 183, 191, 201; marriage
52; progeny 205, 223; calling
himself emperor 8, 24-6, 32, 39,
49, 74, 301; claiming all Rus’ for
Lithuania 24, 50-1, 233-4, 296,
334, 371-2, 390-1; Lithuania’s
territorial expansion under his reign
87, 227, 233-8, 265, 308-9, 316;
policy in the Orthodox lands 64nl,
264, 289; conditions for conversion
to Catholicism 222-4; relations with
Kęstutis 225-6, 233, 335, 348
Ališauskas, Vytautas x
Allsen, Thomas T. 226, 245
Angkor (Cambodia) empire 72
Aragon Kingdom 25, 30
Arlou, Uladzimir 349, 365
asabiya 183-7, 336, 392; see also social
capital
Asia 2, 35, 37, 88nl0, 104,122,141,
226, 293, 336, 346; see also Central
Asia; Eastern Asia; Eurasia; South
Asia; South East Asia
assimilation (in the empires) 12,114,
157-8, 170, 182,192n7, 241, 250,
253, 255, 288, 297, 348, 353, 359,
371, 382, 391
Assyrian empire 12, 64, 99-100,108,
119, 164, 252, 289; Neo-Assyrian
empire 71, 298, 330n25
Astikas house 272
Astrakhan khanate 371, 374
Astrava agreement 51
Athens 35, 107, 154-4,166, 345; see
also Delian League
Augustan threshold 181-2; in the
history of Grand Duchy 318-19,
323, 331, 334
Augustus, Octavianus 20-1, 36,181
Aukštaitija 305, 328n3, 357, 363n8,
364nl8; Aukštaitijans 331n35, 355
Australia 103, 107,146, 192n8, 310
Austrasia 359-60, 364n23
394 Index
Aureli, Martin 166,172
Austria 1, 30, 36, 52, 56
Austrian empire 36-7, 39,166, 200;
see also Habsburg empire
Austro-Hungarian empire 38, 71,153
Aztec empire 9, 64, 71-2,104,119,
126,167,169, 276, 392
Babones, Salvatore 77, 88,138, 138n9
Babruysk 308
Babylonian empire 21, 79,119,167,
330
Backus, Oswald P. 249, 257, 331
Badian, Ernest 168,172, 282, 285
Baghdad 227, 260
Bailey, Kenneth D. 83, 88,171n3,172
Balčius, Jonas 46, 65, 203-4, 218
Balkans 2, 33, 40, 216, 229, 245nl9,
364n22; see also Europe, South-
Eastern
Baltic countries 43, 67, 91, 224, 346,
362, 366, 372, 388, 392
Baltic Sea 36, 54, 58-9, 61,104, 220-1,
225, 244, 244n5, 293, 310, 389
Balts 1, 204-7, 228, 233, 317, 319,
328-29n5, 364nl5, 364nl7, 384,
391; and Slavs 11-12, 288-90,
346-7, 352-3, 355-6, 359; conquest
by Crusaders 222-3; in the GDL
249-51,253,318, 347-50
Banionis, Egidijus 257, 295, 298,
256n3
Baranauskas, Tomas 210, 218, 359,
361, 364nl6; claiming the existence
of Lithuanian state in twelth century
336, 346, 355, 365
Bardach, Juliusz 159, 322, 331, 158nl
Barfield, Thomas J. 11,13,107-9, 365,
390; typology of empires 169-72,
182-3,186, 193, 201; on primary
empires 270, 288, 291-4; on vulture
empires 296, 342; on mirror empires
344-5
Baronas, Darius 4, 7, 14, 191, 193,
217n5, 218, 224, 255, 257, 365; on
the role Livonian Order’s knights
in the Lithuanian state building
363nl2; why GDL rulers did not
convert to Orthodoxy 234, 246
Basque country 38,156,169, 284n7
Batu Khan 226, 246
Batūra, Romas 228, 230, 245nl2, 246,
302, 330n29, 331
Bauerkämper, Arnd x
Bazilevic, Konstantin 33, 40, 225, 246
Beissinger, Mark 81, 88,156, 159,
159nl2
Bela I of Hungary 244n7
Belarus, 38, 61,105,188,209-10, 305,
308; claiming the GDL as ancient
Belarusian state 3-4, 61, 347-9,
363nl0; contemporary 267, 348-9;
language 13nl, 254-8; role of the
GDL in the emergence of Belarusian
nation 1, 249-50, 291, 326-34, 370,
379, 382-83, 388-90
Beljaev, Ivan 65
Belkin, Aaron 372, 386
Bellaimey, James E. 82, 88
Belsk: Belsk duchy 262
Belyov principality 262
Bendix, Reinhard 4
Benedictow, Ole Jørgen 190,193
Berengar I of Friuli 22
Beresnevicius, Gintaras, 8,14, 46, 65,
364nl7, 365
Berezina River 261
Berke 226
Bernadskij, Viktor N. 384n6, 385
Bielsk Podlaski 273
Bilynsky, Petro xi
Birnbaum, Henrik 375-7, 384n6, 385
Black Sea 54, 59-61, 204, 226, 293,
309-11,316
Black Rus’ 265, 290, 305, ЗЗІпЗЗ; first
Ruthenian land under Lithuanian
rule 206, 211, 227, 319, 347-50,
359; see also Rus’; Kievan Rus’
Błaszczyk, Grzegorz 251, 257
Blue Waters Battle 233, 308, 330nl9,
330n29
Bömelburg, Hans-Jürgen 55, 65
Bohemia 23, 30-1, 34, 39n8, 53-4, 380
Bohovitynovych house 272
Bokassa, Jean- Bedel 47,143
Bolesław II the Bold 244n7
Bolesław II of Mazovia 221
Bolesław Wrymouth 244n7
Boockmann, Hartmut 244n2, 246
Borecka ja, Martha 379
Boreckij, Isaac 379
Borgolte, Michael 363n4, 365, 367-8
Boris Aleksandrovic of Tver 375
Boris of Volokolamsk 380
Braslau 265, 359
Bratslav palatinate 250, 300
Braudel, Fernand 134, 137, 293, 390
Brazil 36, 103,107, 133, 146, 192;
empire 71
Brenner, William 140
Breslauja see Braslau
Brest land 261
Breuer, Stefan 138, 138nl5
Briansk 51-2, 227, 229, 308
British Empire 12, 80-7,116,130,142,
167, 171-7,193, 383; as largest in
the world history 100-7; comparison
with the GDL 252, 277-9, 284-5,
390
Brjancev, Pavel 56
Brunner, Otto 281, 285, 336-7, 336nl,
365, 367
Brunt, Peter A. 182, 193
Brzeziński, Zbigniew 123
Buceviciute, Laima 303, 331
Bucys, Algimantas, 8,14, 46, 59, 65-6
Budreckis, Algirdas 43, 65, 284nl, 285
Bues, Almut 313, 331
Bulgaria 154, 216, 245; empire 27
Bull, Hedley 116,125-6,138-40, 248
Bumblauskas, Alfredas 65-6, 222,
246, 298n9, 363nl0, 365, 385-386;
on the GDL as empire 7-8,14, 44,
64nl, 201, 218, 232, 243, 272-3
Burbank, Jane 180-1,193
Burgundy 56, 171n7, 188
Burundai 227, 228
Butigeidis 225, 306
Butkus, Zenonas 287, 297nl
Butvydas (Pukuveras) 225, 306
Buzan, Barry 13-14, 111, 126,131,
137, 139
Byckova, Margarita 58, 65, 322, 331
Byzantine Empire 20, 41-2, 44, 74,
104, 167, 226, 343, 362; foreign
policy 127, 218, 220; and Orthodox
churches 74, 215, 254; relations
with Rus’ 215-16, 236, 241;
relations with the GDL 26-7,
29, 233, 353; see also Roman
Empire; Eastern Roman Empire;
Constantinople patriarch
Byzantine inter-polity society 215-16,
220; see also inter-polity society
Caesar, Gaius Julius 20, 36, 39, 323
Cain, Peter J. 192n3, 193
Caliphate 100-1, 227, 260, 343; see
also Arab Caliphate
Index 395
Capetians 27, 29, 56; Capetian empire
72
Caracalla 182
Caracallan threshold 182-3; in the
history of the GDL 326-8, 391
Carneiro, Robert L. 91-2, 109, 338,
365
Ceklis, 306
Central Asia 45,47, 64,115, 159nll,
169, 238, 245, 343-5; see also Asia
Chagatai ulus 104, 238
Chaliand, Gerard 339, 365
Charlemagne 22-4; empire 22-4, 36,
44, 171; see also Carolingian empire;
Frankish kingdom
Charles V 29-30, 37, 39, 44, 71
Chase-Dunn, Christopher 134,139
Chernihiv 51; land of 207, 308, 325.
382; principality of 208-9, 210,
269
Chernihiv Olegovics see Rurikids
Chew, Allen F. 108nl6, 109
China 97, 99, 127,132, 212, 245, 344,
374; empire 35, 64, 71, 84, 101-02,
115, 119-20, 315, 345; relations
with nomades 319, 356, 363, 365,
367-8; transportation system 134,
170-2, 292-3; see also Han, Ming,
Qin, Qing dynasties
Chirot, Daniel 134, 139
Chodkiewicz house 251, 272, 289
Chodkiewicz, Jan 384-5n9
Christianity see Roman Catholic
Church; Orthodox Church; Uniate
Church; Protestantism
city states 119, 125-7, 141, 143, 152-5,
177; and empires 163,166,171,
181, 282-83; in the Rus’ 376-7, 385
see also Greece, ancient, city state
system; Greater Novgorod
Claessen, Henri J. 338, 365-6
cliometry of empires see comparative
studies of empires and imperialism
Clovis 31, 39nl0, 360
Cohen, Benjamin J. 36, 40
Cohen, Ronald 109
Coleman, James S. 184,193
Colker, Marvin 257, 257n5
Collier, David 84, 88
Collins, Randall 189-90, 192nll,
193
colonisation 44-5, 87-8n8,151,153,
175-6; Norman 361-2; medieval
396 Index
German 54, 190, 220, 223, 228,
346, 365n25; medieval Lithuanian
265, 289-90, 307, 313, 357, 359;
medieval Slavonic 204, 214, 319,
324, 364n22, 371; Chinese 363n6;
modern European 35-7,125,135-6,
182, 284, 383,138nl5; British 102-3,
107, 252, 277-8,141-2, 168, 284
comparative studies of empires and
imperialism: qualitative 10, 85-6,
88nll, 175-82; quantitative 10;
91-8, 99-107, 173-5, 183-90;
constitutional law 13,142-8; history
9,190-2, 275-84; political science
3, 141-2, 148-9, 150-6; social
anthropology 169-71; sociology
3-5, 77,134-7,142-50,159nll,
166-8, 387-2; see also international
relations studies on empires and
imperialism; types of empires; types
of imperialism
Constantine the Great 21-2, 26;
“donation of Constantine” 26, 28
Constantinople 8, 20-3, 25-9, 32-3,
50, 162, 215-16, 236-7, 245, 260,
381
Constantinople patriarch 8, 25-6, 40,
215-16, 236-7
Cooper, Frederick 180-1,193
Cossacks 55, 178,193nl4,195, 277-8,
358
Council of Lords: in the Grand Duchy
263, 272, 280, 321-4; in the Greater
Novgorod 377
counterfactual history see alternative
history
Counter-reformation 297, 328
Courland 222, 328nl, 330n21, 352;
duchy of Courland 313-14
Cracow x, 13, 293
Crimea 54, 229, 393; Crimea khanate
225, 242, 303, 311, 371, 374
Crouch, David 27, 40
Crummey, Robert O. 375, 385
Crusades 216, 217n3, 240, 245n9;
against Lithuania 50,190, 220-2,
235, 237, 254 303, 306, 329n6;
in the Palestine 117, 225-6; in the
Samogitia 193nl3, 232, 357-8; see
also popes
Cumans 209, 211, 213, 215, 335
Curonian Lagoon 222
Cyprian the Bulgarian 237
Czartoryski, Aleksander 379-80
Czechoslovakia, 150, 159nll
Czech Republic 23; see also Bohemia;
Czechoslovakia
celkis, Tomas 303, 331
cerepnin, Lev 224
Danilevic, Vasilij E. 209, 218
Daskevic, Nikolaj P. 230, 246
Daugava River 211,217n9, 222-3,
230, 245n8, 293, 305-7, 312, 336,
346,351,361
Daugavpils 306
Daumantas 362, 377
Davies, Norman 4,14
Davis, Lance 45, 65
definition of empire 9-10; maximal
78-80, 83, 164, 171n4, 287, 293;
minimal 78-80, 87, 97, 106, 171nl,
290, 342; necessary cum alternative
sufficient conditions 81-4, 162-4;
diminished sub-types 84, 164,
171n4
Delhi sultanate 104
Delian League 107,154,171; see also
Athens
Deltuva 328n3, 347, 350, 356, 363n8,
364nl 8, 364n20
Demandt, Alexander 21-2, 31,40, 372,
385
Denmark, 24, 40, 220, 244
Derry, Thomas Kingston 298n9
Dessalines, Jean Jacques 47
Deudney, Daniel 140
Deuerlein, Ernst 142, 159
Deulino truce 312
Deutsch, Karl W. 192n5 193, 294, 298
diet of the GDL 58, 263-4, 280, 304,
322, 380
Dlugosz, Jan 32, 39nl2; Dlugosz legend
39-40nl2
Dmitrij Algirdaitis 308
Dmitrij Donskoj 237
Dmitrij Semjaka 324-5, 372-3, 375,
378-9
Dnieper River 200, 214, 230, 261,
265-6, 308-9,314, 353
Don River 310, 358
Donnely, Jack 128,139,157,159
Dovnar-Zapol’skij, Mitrofan V. 209,
218, 260, 280, 361, 366; on the
federal structure of the GDL 265-8,
271,273
Index 397
Doyle, Michael 13n3, 14nl0,107,
109, 138nl0, 139, 159, 175,
318; definition of imperialism 11,
153-5, 339; on the explanations
of imperialism 176-7, 178-82,
193; thresholds in the evolution of
empires 323, 331, 334, 366, 391
Doyle’s threshold 334; in the history of
the GDL 334-5, 354-6
Dreyer, Michael 142, 159
Drohiczyn 273n3; land 306, 309
Drutsk duchy 207
Dubonis, Artūras 6-7, 14, 225, 303,
331, 340, 366, 376, 385; on the
Burundai raid 227-8, 246; on the
military settlers of the Lithuanian
grand dukes 290, 297n4, 298
Diinaburg see Daugavpils
Dumin, Stanislav 58, 65
Dundulis, Bronius 222, 246, 379,
385
Durbe Battle 228
Dutch republic 142; see also
Netherlands
Duverger, Maurice 42, 71—2, 88
Dvorničenko, Andrej 58, 65, 214,
218
Dzūkija 305, 328n3, 357, 364nl8
East-Central Europe see Europe,
East-Central
Eastern Asia 108nl5, 343-4
Eastern Europe see Europe, Eastern
East Frankish kingdom 23; see also
Frankish Kingdom
Eastern Roman Empire 20-1; see also
Byzantine Empire
East Germany 150, 159nll, 365n25
Eberhard, Wolfram 344, 366
Eckstein, Harry 193
Eckstein, Arthur M. 140, 193, 298
Edgerton, Robert B., 339, 366
Edigu 242, 245n22
Egypt 97, 117-18, 226, 290, 338-9;
empire of 72, 99, 167, 171, 315
Ehrenberg, Victor 142, 159
Eisenstadt, Shmuel N. 13n2, 14, 241,
246, 296, 298; typology of empires
166-8,172, 282, 285
Elazar, Daniel J. 149, 160
emergence date of an empire (E) xii,
98-100; of GDL as empire 302,
314-18, 330n26, 391
England 24, 26-7, 31, 37, 41, 74, 128,
166,172,190,195, 244, 258, 283-4,
336, 361; see also Great Britain
Ermacora, Felix 158n3, 160
Ermalovic, Mikola I. 347-9, 363nl0,
363nll, 366nl
Estonia 46, 90, 92, 96,107nl, 183,
222-3, 312-13, 391
Etherington, Norman 166,172
Ethiopia 71, 171
ethnogenesis: and empire making
184, 190; in the GDL history 354-7,
391
ethno-cultural heterogeneity of empires
83-6, 143, 162-4, 249-58, 283,
327-8, 389-90; see also Grand
Duchy of Lithuania
Eurasia 170, 217n4, 225, 240, 244nl,
246, 339, 346, 382; see also Asia;
Europe
Europe 58, 61, 65,104, 117, 179, 182,
182-90, 248, 275-76; medieval 1,
19, 21, 26, 53, 129,166, 171n6,
171n7, 172, 195, 200 223-4, 225,
233, 284n5, 295; early modern 35,
102-3, 119, 125, 139-40, 283,
284n4; modern 37, 114-15, 121-2,
131-2, 135-6,138nl5, 175-6,
284n7; contemporary 46, 370, 375;
Central 12, 28; 37-8, 167,190,
224-5, 336-7, 340, 371,376,380-3,
388-9; East-Central 8, 16, 31, 49,
54, 59, 67, 219, 274, 284, 299, 366;
Eastern 3, 12, 16, 31, 37-8, 50,
55, 66, 130, 154, 167, 190, 212,
215-16, 231,236, 240-3, 244nl,
270, 273, 293, 297, 300, 303,
370-1, 372, 388-90; South-Eastern
215; Northern 31, 220, 297-8, 375;
Western 23, 25, 28, 32, 37, 40,
58, 127, 167, 190, 200, 225, 235,
270, 322, 336, 343, 346, 358, 361,
371, 375, 389; see also inter-polity
society; inter-polity system
Eurocentrism 64, 102, 127
European Union 2-3, 47, 172, 286
Evans, Robert J. W. 55, 65
explanations of imperialism: by
transnational forces 133-4, 179-80,
323-4; metro-centric and peri-centric
175-80; 208-16, 232; see also
comparative studies of empires and
imperialism; international relations
398 Index
studies on empires and imperialism;
types of imperialism; Doyle, Michael;
Galtung, Johan; Hintze, Otto; Lenin,
Vladimir; Schumpeter, Joseph A.
Wallerstein, Immanuel
failure date of an empire (F) xii, 98-9;
of GDL as empire 302, 304, 314-18,
330n26, 391
Fanning, Steven 24, 40
Far East 97, 103, 374
Fatimids 167, 260
Faizraxmanov, GabdePbar L. 374,
385
federalism 142-4, 149,158nl, 295,
322; and imperialism 145-8, 151-2,
271-3, 278-84; as “Jagiellonian
idea” 53-6, 58, 275; alleged
federalism of the GDL 259-67;
268-71, 276-83, 295, 327-2,
390-1; see also Dovnar-Zapol’skij,
Mitrofan; Halecki, Oscar; Ljubavskij,
Matvej; Römeris, Mykolas
Fennell, John 207, 218
Ferdinand I Habsburg 30, 39n8
Ferguson, Niall 77, 88, 372, 385
Feudalism 5, 72—4, 266; and precocious
imperialism 341-2, 358, 363n4, 365,
366
Fëdor Bel’skij 384-5n9
Fieldhouse, David 45, 65
Filjuskin, Aleksandr 64n6, 65-6, 260,
273
Fine, John 27, 40
Finer, Samuel E. 71-2, 88, 152-3, 160,
282, 285
Finland 142, 220, 253, 298, 376;
Grand Duchy of 277
Fischer, Markus 284n5, 285
Fleiner-Gerster, Thomas 158n3,160
Fleischhacker, Hedwig 376-7, 385
Folz, Robert 19, 24-5, 40nl3
Forstreuter, Kurt 221, 246, 254, 257
France 22, 36, 42, 55,119, 182, 188,
283, 286, 360-1, 365n25, 366,
382-83; kingdom 27, 29-31, 41, 47,
56, 74, 97, 125,128,166, 172, 190,
244n5; empire 24, 37, 62, 89, 121,
141,168; see also Bourbon empire;
Napoleon I; Napoleon III
Frankish Kingdom 22-4, 29, 31,
39, 42; created by the precocious
imperialism 341-3, 359-60, 364n23,
366, 369; comparison with the GDL
282, 382-4; see also Carolingian
empire; East Frankish Kingdom;
West Frankish Kingdom
Fried, Morton H. 338, 366
Frojanov, Igor’ Ja. 214, 218
Fromkin, David 372, 385
Froschl, Thomas 40, 158nl, 160
Frost, Robert 1, 7, 13nl, 14, 199, 218,
284n6, 285
Gallagher, John 176, 177, 193, 194
Galych 372-4
Gallie, Walter B. 73, 88
Galtung, Johan 150-3, 158nl0,
159nll, 160
Garipzanov, Ildar H. 364-5n24, 366
Garnsey, Peter 177, 193
Garver, Eugene 73, 88
Gaudemunda (Sophia) 221
Gaul 359-60, 364n23, 364n24, 383
Geary, Patrick J. 364-5n24, 366
Gediminas, 63, 201, 225, 247, 280,
301, 348, 360; title 301; his family
205, 221, 318-19, 334; founder
of Lithuanian empire 12, 44, 59,
64, 250-1, 330n26, 391; territorial
expansion under his rule 87, 203,
227, 230-4, 267-70, 306-9;
relations with Golden Horde 237
Gediminids 296, 300, 361, 391;
Baltic origins 250; relations with
Rurikids 223, 232, 234, 236, 355;
patrimonial monarchy 167, 200,
222,271-2, 282, 288, 318-21;
appanages 51-2, 264, 279, 307,
325; Slavonification 64nl, 348,
380; legend on their Roman origins
33-4, 39nl2; see also Palemon
legend; Algirdas; Jaunutis; Kestutis;
Liubartas
Gedvydas 227
Gellner, Ernest 2, 14, 38, 40, 284-5
Genghis Khan 64, 171, 177, 226, 238
Genghisids 64, 237-8, 242, 245nl0,
245n22, 252, 255, 260, 295
Genoa 107,216, 171
George of Podebrady 380
Georgia 47, 212, 256n4
Gerasimov, Ilya 3, 14, 63, 66,137,
139, 291,298
Germans: ancient 21, 343, 360-2,
382-3; medieval 28-31, 32-33, 211,
Index 399
217n9, 346-8, 352, 378; modern
nation 38, 56, 119, 370
Germany 187-91, 339, 364, 365n25,
384; ancient 277, 360; medieval
22-3, 29, 293; modern 23, 133,
40nl4, 54, 92, 146, 150, 205, 335;
kingdom 22, 24, 28-9; empire 37,
52, 61, 217n3, 275, 384; see also
Holy Roman Empire; Austria;
Prussia
Gerring, John 10,14, 78-80, 88, 97,
111, 139
Gezą I of Hungary 244n7
Gerschenkron, Alexander 335, 366
Gerstenberger, Heide 284n4, 285
Ghaznavid empire 72
Giddens, Anthony 16
Giedraičiai (Giedroyc) lineage 288
Gilissen, John 27, 40
Gillett, Andrew 364-5n24, 366
Gillingham, John 27, 40,166, 172
Gilpin, Robert 115, 132-3,139
Glebov, Sergej 14, 66,139, 298
Glinka, Mixail 57
Glinskij, Myxail 326
Godunov, Boris 289
Goertz, Gary 82, 89
Goetz, Hans-Werner 336—7, 366
Golden Horde 96, 104, 203-6, 218,
296, 343; hegemony in the medieval
East European inter-polity system
226-33, 317; decline and dissolution
242-4, 245n22, 303, 345, 370-1;
relations with GDL 234-42, 245nl0,
296, 330nl9, 330n30, 388-90; rule
over Rus* 31, 33, 203-6, 212, 216,
343, 377, 381-2; see also Mongol
Empire; Tatars, “Tatar yoke” in
Rus’; inter-polity system; inter-polity
society
Goldenkov, Mixail A. 348, 366
Goldstone, Jack A., 190, 194
Goodenough, Ward H. 8, 14, 73, 89
Gorodec 231
Gorskij, Anton 33, 40, 207, 208,
210, 217n8, 218, 308-9, 331-2;
counterfactual retrodiction of the
future of Kievan Rus9 382, 385
Goštautas house 271-2
Goštautas, Jonas 380
Goštautas, Martynas 263, 380,
384-5n9
Gotthard, Axel 107n4,109
Grand Duchy of Lithuania: emergence
of state 349, 353-63, 391—2; rise
as an empire 302, 314-18, 330n26,
391; failure as empire 302, 304,
314-18, 330n26; 391; extinction
as state 1, 61, 105, 304, metropole
and peripheries 272-3, 279-84,
317-18, 326-8; population size
250—1; ethnic structure of population
250-6, 257nl0, 288-9, 296-7, 327
political structure 320-8; magnates
32, 74, 250-1, 255-6, 262, 272,
288-91, 320-7; gentry (szlacbta)
250-1, 256, 281, 291, 323-5;
also Adulthood date of an empire
(A) Algirdas; Augustan threshold;
Aukštaitija; Caracallan threshold;
Council of Lords; Crusades; Diet of
the GDL; Doyle9s threshold; Dzükija,
Emergence date of an empire
(E) Failure date of an empire (E)
Ģediminas; Gediminids; interpolity
system; Jogaila; Kçstutis; Maximum
stable area of an empire (M);
Metaethnic frontier; Mindaugas;
Orthodox Church; Roman Catholic
Church; Samogitia; Vytautas;
Lithuania; Historiography of the
Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Great Britain 157,168, 205, 252-3,
277, 279; early medieval (Anglo-
Saxon) 24, 26, 71; medieval 41;
early modern 31; modern 36-7, 45,
62, 89,102,118, 141,154; see also
British Empire
Greater Novgorod 12, 55, 57, 244n6,
303,303,311,313, 325, 384-6;
government 208, 264, 375-7, 384n6;
empire 284nl; relations with Golden
Horde 229, 242—4; relations with
Muscovy 277, 300, 377-82; relations
with the GDL 205, 210-1, 229-31,
239, 293-4, 307-8, 371-4, 378-82,
389
great powers 39, 53, 62-4, 133-6,
137n4; continental 118; global
(superpowers) 118; regional 118,
169-70, 176-9; the GDL as great
power 12, 224-6, 223, 242-3, 270;
failure in the late fifteenth century
300, 370-5, 378-84, 390-1; see also
imperialism; international relations
studies on empires and imperialism
400 Index
Great Horde 242, 273, 303, 371; see
also Golden Horde, decline and
dissolution
Greece 3, 20-4, 27-9, 192, 216, 323;
ancient 62,115,117,119,142,168,
252, 260; city state system 125-7,
154,177,193
Gregory Tsamblak 241
Greimas, Algirdas 43, 66
Grekov, Igor’ B. 212, 218, 231,
245nl5, 246
Griffin, Nicholas 82, 89
Grimes, Peter 134,139
Grunwald Battle 191, 221,242, 300,
309-10, 335, 380
Grushev palatinate 261
Grusev’skii, Myxailo 254,256nl, 257,
257n6
Grybas, Vincas 60
Gudavičius, Edvardas 7,14, 39^10,
191,194,289, 332, 366; on the
dyarchy in the GDL 225, 244n7; on
the emergence of Lithuanian state
346, 351-2, 357, 363nl3; on the
GDL as great power 223, 232-3,
378, 384n2, 386; on the territorial
structure of the GDL 261, 269-72,
273n3, 274; on the rise of Lithuanian
empire 305-10, 329n9, 329nll,
329nl2, 330nl8, 331n35; on the
transformations of Lithuanian
empire 241, 246, 256-7, 297-8, 300,
322,326-7
Gumilev, Lev 184, 194, 217n4
Gumplowicz, Ludwig 363n7, 366
Gupta empire 64, 167
Gurr, Ted R. 91, 109
Gustafsson, Harald 36, 40
Habsburgs 30-4, 39n8, 53-4, 253, 380;
Austrian 33, 125,166, 200; Spanish
31-2, 125; empire 1-2,14, 36-8,
39-40, 172, 225, 244n5, 283, 286;
see also Austrian empire; Austro-
Hungarian empire; Holy Roman
Empire; Spain
Hadyach Treaty 328
Haiti 47; Haitian empire 48
Haldon, John 363-4nl4, 366
Halecki, Oscar 53-6, 66, 271, 274, 281
Hall, John 338,366
Hall, Rodney Bruce 284n5, 285
Hall, Thomas D. 134,139
Halperin, Charles J. 212, 218, 229,
240, 242, 246
Haiych-Volhynia duchy 212, 220,
227-8, 231, 330n3, 340
Halych land 208-9,212, 217n8, 231,
236, 291, 307, 324, 329n8, 382
Hamilton, Alexander 142
Han dynasty 99,101-2,108nl3,167;
see also Han empire
Han empire 99; see also Han dynasty
Hanseatic League 142, 220, 376
Haradzets 261
Hardrada, Harald 362
Harris, Marvin 8,14, 73, 89
Harrison, Mark 192n3,183
Hartung, Wolfgang 360, 366
Hechter, Michael 283-4, 285
Heller, Hermann 143,160
Hellmann, Manfred 384nl, 385
Henrikas Latvis 6, 15
Herfindahl-Hirschman index 93-4,
108n6
Hermanas Vartberge 6,15; see also
Wartberge, Hermanni de 222, 233,
248
Hierarchy in the inter-polity systems
10,112-14,128-31,159; see also
Anarchy in the inter-polity systems
Hiiuma 312
Hintze, Otto 2,11,14,143,160,182,
194, 341-3, 346,349, 358, 363n4,
365, 367
historiography of the Grand Duchy
of Lithuania Belarusian 347-9;
Lithuanian 43-7, 328n2; 59-61;
Polish 49-55, 349-51. Russian 56-9;
Soviet 62-3, 224, 346-7
Hobbes, Thomas 112,124, 139, 339
Hoetzsch, Otto 158nl, 160
Holshansky house 272
Holshansky, Ivan 384n9
Holleaux, Maurice 177,194
hologeistic research 91; on empires 10,
92-3,106, 315
Holy Roman Empire 2, 8, 23, 55,
71-2, 217n3, 233, 243, 387 and
popes 29-30, 221, 224, 387; claim
of supremacy 32-4, 127-8,162,
201, 215, 337; lack of the state and
empire atributes 107n4, 201, 336;
under Habsburgs 31-2, 36-7
Homel 311
Horodło Union 251, 261, 320-1
Index 401
Hrodna 261, 329; governorate 261
Hsiung Nu empire 101-2 see also Hun
empire
Hulagu 226; Hulagid empire see
Ilkhanate
Hun empire 109, 317 see also Hsiung
Nu empire
Hungary 23,154, 211-12, 335, 343;
Kingdom of Hungary 30-1, 39n8,
53-4, 209-10, 215, 228, 244n7
Hunyadi, Matthias (Corvinus) 380
Huttenback, Robert A. 45, 65
Hymes, Robert P. 344, 367
Iberian peninsula 24-6, 29, 31, 36,
39n2
Ibn Khaldun 183, 186,194, 336
Iceland 298, 362
llkhan empire 104, 226, 229-30
imperialism: as policy 113-14, 119-21,
136, 176-8, 232-4, 334, 389;as
power and structure 61-3, 133-6,
150-2, 159nll; as process 11, 90-8,
127-34, 153-8, 163,176-83, 207-9,
232-4, 333-40; see also explanations
of imperialism; types of imperialism;
comparative studies of empires and
imperialism; international relations
studies on empires and imperialism;
federalism; state
Inca empire 9, 64, 71-2, 104,119,126,
167, 169-70, 276, 292
India 64, 71, 107, 109n20, 115, 118,
130, 133, 156, 167, 255; Indian
system of states 126; under British
rule 37, 45, 103, 130, 167, 177,
252-3, 258, 277-9, 285, 390
Inflanty see Latgale
Innocent III, Pope 29
Innocent IV, Pope 48, 228
international relations studies on
empires and imperialism 3, 10,
111-12; constructivism 121-4,
13nl2; institutionalism 124-33,
138nl3; neorealism 120-1, 133-4,
284n5; realism 112-20, 179-80; see
also definition of empire; imperialism
inter-polity society 124-7, 131-2, 137,
387; Byzantine (Orthodox Christian)
214-16, 220, 245n9; Muslim
(Islamic) 226-7, 388; West European
Christian 127-8, 214-15, 223-4,
228, 233, 240, 243, 350-1, 387-88;
modern European 34-5,114-15,
121-6, 133, 162, 244n5 see also
international society; suzerain state
system; Peace of Westphalia
inter-polity system 9-10, 13n6,115-18,
120-2, 134-5,137,163-4,341
medieval Central European 26, 45,
242-3, 371-2, 376, 388; medieval
Northern European 220-1, 376-7;
medieval West European 26, 220-1;
Rurikid (Kievan Rus’) 11, 32,
207, 211-12, 228; medieval East
European 226-30, 240-2, 244nl,
371-2, 375-6, 379-81, 383, 388-9;
Classical Greece 119; “Warring
States” epoch China 119; Indo-China
128-9; see also international system;
international society
international system 45, 48, 83-6,
112-20, 160-2; global 62, 125, 252;
see also inter-polity system; world
system
international society 13n6, 124-9,
138-40; global 125 see inter-polity
system
inter-state system see inter-polity system
Iran 120, 125, 167, 226; see also
Persia; Achaemenid empire; Parthian
empire; Sassanid empire
Iraq 77, 97, 115
Isacenko, Aleksandr A. 375, 385
Italy 22-3, 29-30, 35,158,168,188,
201,217, 277, 361
Ivacevichi 347
Ivan Andreevic of Mozhaisk 325, 375
Ivan Danilovic (Ivan Moneybag) see
Ivan Kalita
Ivan Dmitrijevic, son of Dmitrij
Semjaka 375
Ivan Holshansky 384-5n9
Ivan Kalita 203, 235, 377
Ivan III 33, 325, 370, 380-2, 385
Ivan IV see Ivan the Terrible
Ivan the Fair 237
Ivan the Terrible 203, 326, 240
Ivinskis, Zenonas 66, 210, 218,274,
317; on Vytautas empire 43, 259,
330n28, 367
Izdebski, Hubert 158nl, 159
Iziaslav 209
Iziaslavics see Rurikids, Polatsk
Iziaslavics; Rurikids, Volhynia
Iziaslavics
402 Index
Jabłonowski, Horst 205, 249, 258, 326,
332
Jablonskis, Konstantinas 41,193nl3,
194, 336, 367
Jadwiga 52
Jagiellonians 12, 34, 51, 54, 225, 281,
389
Jakovenko, Natalja 270, 274, 328,
332
Jakubowski, Jan 249, 258
Jani Beg Khan 233
Janin, Valentin 230, 245nll, 247, 303,
306-7, 332, 377, 384n6, 386
Jankauskas, Rimantas x
Japan 3,133, 166, 335; Japanese
empire 71-2, 74, 84, 87n8
Jarašiūnas, Egidijus 144,161
Jasas, Rimantas 15, 247
Jaunutis 265
Jay, James 142
Jellinek, Georg 143-4,146,158n4,
160, 301, 332
Jesus Christ 28, 337
Jochi 226; Jochi ulus see Golden Horde
Jogaila 1, 30, 50, 52-3, 223, 225,
237-8, 243, 254, 287, 301, 309,
319, 381,390
Jonas Alšėniškis see Ivan Holshansky
Jones, Charles 111,139-40
Jones, Richard 94, 100
Jučas, Mečislovas 6, 39nl2,199, 218,
224, 247, 304, 332, 348, 367
Judd, Denis 284n3, 285
Jurbarkas 297n3
Jur’evičs of Suzdal see Rurikids
Jurij Ivanovich of Smoleńsk 309
Jurij of Zvenigorod 324, 372
Jurkevičius, Andrius 273-4
Justinian the Great 23
Juškov, Serafim 171n6,172
Kaiser, Reinhold 359, 364n24, 367
Kaliningrad oblast’ 328-9n5
Kama River 371, 374
Kangi, David 140
Kant, Immanuel 122, 133nl3,139
Karachev principality 262
Karacuba, Irina 58, 66
Karaites in GDL 249, 290
Karakorum 162, 260, 357
Karelia 220, 248, 376
Karsavinas, Lev 61, 66
Karšuva, 32, 39
Kasiske, Kari 191, 194
Kaufman, Stuart J. 119,139-40,193
Kaunas vii, x, 43, 60-1,158n5, 222,
245nl6, 261, 297n3, 328n4, 349
Kavalski, Emilian 149,160
Kazakova, Natai’j a A. 220, 247
Kazan 247, 385; Kazan khanate 242,
277,371,374,386, 389
Keene, Derek 294, 298
Kelsen, Hans 143,160
Kennedy, Paul 189,194
Kęsgailą house 272
Kęstutis 50,191, 257n6, 358; and
Algirdas 222, 225-6, 265, 308, 348
Khmelnycky, Bohdan 55
Khoury, Philip S. 183, 194
Khwarezm 212, 229
Kiaupa, Zigmantas x, 7,15, 256, 284-5,
327, 329, 332, 363^1, 367; on
dyarchy in the GDL 244-5n7
Kiaupienė, Jūratė x, 7, 15, 322, 332,
357, 367
Kibin’, Aleksėj S. 209, 218
Kievan Rus’ 1, 41, 58, 178, 335,
348-9, 375, as Viking empire 171n6,
234, 288, 361-2; as inter-politv
system 11-13, 32, 207, 211-12, 228;
Orthodox ecclesiastical province
236; division into Lithuanian and
Tatar Rus’ 237, 249, 262-8, 319,
388, 390; Algirdas program of
restoration under Gediminid rule
382-3, 296; see also Rurikids; Rus’;
Kyiv
Kimša, Antanas 22, 41
Kingdom of East Franks 360; see also
Germany
Kingdom of the Two Sicilies 336, 361
see also Sicily
Kipchaks see Kumans
Kirby, David 298n9
Kirkienė, Genutė 251, 258, 272, 274
Klaipėda 222; region 148, 297n5,
328-9n5
Kletsk duchy 261, 306
Klug, Ekkehard 232, 235,247
Klyuchevsky, Vasily Osipovich 213-14,
217nl0
Kniprode, Winfried von 191
Kobrin duchy 261; palatinate 261
Kocka, Jürgen x, 5,15
Koebner, Richard 20, 22, 37, 71
Kojalovič, Mixail 56, 66
Index 403
Kolankowski, Ludwik 7, 15, 384,
386-7, 392
Kollmann, Nancy Shields 326, 332
Koneczny, Feliks 7, 13n4, 15, 49-51,
66, 211,218, 240
Korczak, Lidia x, 272, 274
Korpela, Jukka 361, 367
Kortüm, Hans-Henning 337, 367
Kosko, Bart 85, 89
Kostiner, Joseph 183, 194
Kräder, Lawrence 338, 367
Kradin, Nikolaj N. 345, 367
Krasner, Stephen D. 162, 171
Kratochwil, Friedrich V. 284n5, 285
Kretinga 306
Kraūcėvič, Aljaksandr 218, 207, 332,
328nl, 348-9, 367
Krewo Act 50-2, 57, 108nl7, 199,
223, 240, 319, 347, 387-88
Kriele, Martin, 158n3, 160
Krom, Mixail 58, 66, 325-6, 332
Krychaw 326
Kublai Khan 260
Kulikovo Battle 237-8, 381, 389
KuPpin, ėduard S. 242, 247
Kuncevičius, Albinas 7,15, 367
Kuolys, Darius 33, 41
Kurukin, Igor’ 58, 66
Kushan empire 174
Kutrzeba, Stanislaw 322, 332
Kyiv xi, 25, 32, 51, 300, 316, 382,
385; land 261-2, 269, 270-3;
324, 329-30, 382; principality
207-9, 263-4, 230, 323, 380,
384-5n9; palatinate 250, 300, 380;
metropolitan 25, 33, 216; 234,
236-7, 383, “Kyiv problem” 230-1,
245, 302-3, 307-8; see also Kievan
Rus’; Rus’; Vilnius as а Second Kyiv
Laakso-Taagepera index 93
Ladislaus II Jagiellon 39n8, 380
Lai, Deepak 139, 138n5
Lappo, Ivan I. 258
LaPorte, Joseph 75, 89
Latgallia see Latgale
Latgale 222, 313-14, 315, 352
Latin America 151, 154; see also South
America
Latkowski, Juliusz 354-5, 364nl6, 367
Layne, Christopher 120, 139
Lebedev, Gleb S. 356, 362, 367
Lebow, Richard 372, 386
Lechfeld Battle, 22
LeDonne, John 54-5, 56
Lee, Kwang H. 85, 89
Lemke, Douglas 118, 139
Lenin, Vladimir 61, 66, 166; on
imperialism 61-3, 134-6
Lenski, Gerhard 166, 172, 205, 218
León and Castile kingdom 25-6, 30
Le Patourel, John 27, 41
Leuschner, Jorg 384n6, 386
Levitsky, Steven 84, 88
Lichbach, Mark L 273nl, 274
Lieven, Dominic 2,15
Lijphart, Arend 149, 160
Lindner, Rainer 348, 367
Linz, Juan J. 141, 160
Lithuania: contemporary Republic 1-2?
222, 253, 383, 391; Kingdom of 19,
31, 48-9, 228-9, 300-1, 346-51;
interwar Republic 4,61,63, 148,
349; Soviet republic 61-3; see also
Grand Duchy of Lithuania (GDL)
Lithuanian Rus’ see Rus’
Lithuania Minor 297n5; see also
Klaipėda region
Lithuanian Metrica 295, 319
Little, Richard 13-14, 111, 126, 131,
137, 139
Liubartas 52, 307
Liubutsk 310
Liverani, Mario 119, 139
Livonia 46, 51, 54, 232, 248, 310-13,
353, 357; German conquest 217n3,
220— 3, 347-8; annexation by the
GDL 222-3, 255, 259, 294, 297,
330nl9, 381, 389; by Russia 277
Livonian (Inflanty) palatinate 314
Livonian Order, 303-6, 317, 350-1,
363nl2, 371; relations with the GDL
221- 3, 227-8, 357; with Teutonic
Order 220, 303; with Pskov and
Greater Novgorod 244n6, 376; see
also Livonia
Livonian War 217n3, 223, 225, 287,
311-12, 322
Ljubavskij, Matvej 7, 15, 217nl, 218,
322, 329nl5, 332; on territorial
structure of the GDL 260-7, 269,
273n2, 273n4, 278-80; on the
GDL as Lithuanian-Russian state 56,
58, 66
Ljubeč 208, 311
Locke, John 75, 121
404 Index
Lopata, Raimondas 123,139
Louis II Jagiellon 30, 39n8, 54
Lower Daugava: Daugava 217n9,
222
Lower Novgorod principality 231
Lower Volga 229, 374
Lubäns Lake 222
Lublin Union 21, 34, 108,199, 260,
383, 387; and federalization of the
GDL 281, 322, 327, 391; and loss of
the Ukraine 300, 304, 307, 312, 327;
in Polish historiography 51-2, 54-6
Lutsk 229, 243; land of 254
Lowmiahski, Henryk 7, 15; on the
emergence of Lithuanian state
349-51, 353, 355-6, 363nl2, 367-8,
392; on the GDL as empire 49, 51-2,
64n5, 66, 222-3, 247, 375, 386-7;
on the population of the GDL 191,
194,250-1,254,258
Lübeck 217n9
Lukashenko, Alexander 3, 348
Lukšaitė, Ingė 298n9,298
Lundestad, Geir 45, 66
Lutsk 229, 243, 254
Luttwak, Edward N. 168,172, 294,
298
Macedonia 3; empire 21, 71,100-1,
108,119,126,177
Machiavelli, Niccolo 34
Machovenko, Jevgenij 44-5, 66, 284n6,
285, 327, 332
McEvedy, Colin 94,109
Mackenzie, John 13n3, 15, 63-4, 66,
77, 89,192n3,194
McNeill, William H. 115, 139, 338-9,
368
Madison, James 142
Mahiliou 308; governorate 261
Mahon, James E. 84, 88
Mahoney, James 4,15
Maksimaitis, Mindaugas 144,161
Mali empire 104
Malinovskij, Ioannikij A. 322, 332
Malthus, Thomas R. 190-1
Mamai 237-8, 381
Mamluk empire 104, 117, 226, 290
Manchu 104; see also Manchuria; Qing
dynasty
Manchuria 171, 343-4, 356, 363n6
Mann, Michael 168,172
Manusadžianas, Tomas 379, 386
Marano, Louis A. 91-2, 96, 109
Maria of Vitsebsk 52
Marie-Louise Habsburg 36
Marsh, Robert M. 91,109
Martin V, pope 30
Marx, Karl 32, 41, 75, 339, 347
Mary Habsburg 39n8
Marzaljuk, Igar A. 249, 258
Masuria 222
Matthias Hunyadi (Corvinus) 380
Mauritania 168
Maurya empire 64,167
maximum stable area of an empire (M)
97-101,108nl0,108nl3, 334; of
the GDL 302, 304, 315-17, 330n26
Maximilian Habsburg 37
Mayan Empire 72
Mayer, Theodor 332, 331n32
Mazovia 220-1, 250, 307, 309, 327
Mcensk 310
Mearsheimer, JohnJ. 120,139
Mediterranean Sea 36,102,117,177,
181,216, 244n5
Memel see Klaipeda
Merovingians 72,187, 244n7, 282,
366, 369
Mesopotamia 72, 97,100
metaethnic frontier 184-8, 200; and the
emergence of Lithuanian state 349,
353-6, 391-2
metropole see territorial structure of
empires
Mexico 36, 392; Mexican empire 36-7;
see also Aztec empire
Meyendorff, John, 39n3, 226
Michael Palaiologos 216
Mickiewicz, Adam 318, 331n33
Mickünaite, Giedré 45-6, 60, 66-7
Mielnik 273n3
Mikalojaitis, Venclovas see Mykolas
Lietuvi s
Miklosich, Franz 40
Mindaugas 19,211, 303, 348, 335-6;
coronation 31, 48-9; foreign poliev
221,223, 227-9, 244nl, 246, 305-^6,
316-19; kingdom 19, 275, 300-1,
328nl, 340; role in the founding
Lithuanian state 346, 350-1, 356,
360, 363nl2, 366, 384, 392
Ming dynasty 104
Minsk 66, 248, 257, 331-3, 366, 368;
land 305-6; principality of 207, 227,
302; governorate of 261
Index 405
Mitteis, Heinrich 321 331n32, 332
Mixail Borisovi č of Tver 375
Mixail II of Tver 235, 237
Möngke 226, 245
Moghul empire 64, 72, 104
Mohács battle 30, 54
Mohenjo-daro civilisation 338
Moldavia 54
Molétai 363n8
Morocco 141
Mombauer, Annika 372, 386
Montesquieu, Charles 20, 35, 41,
141-2, 160
Moore, Barrington Jr, 4
Mongolia 252, 260, 293, 319, 365
Mongol Empire 71, 166, 171, 177,
246-7; record-holder of its era
100-1, 103, 104, 330n23; as
suzerain power, 214-16, 226-9,
293-4; as primary empire 170-1,
345; ethnocultural structure 252-3,
255; metropole 260, 319; invasion
to Rus’ 12, 208, 211-12, 244n6,
350, 371, 382, 388; rule over Rus’
203-4, 335, 240, 346-7; relations
with the GDL 233, 236; dedine
238, 323, 374; see also Golden
Horde; Tatar s
Morgenthau, Hans H. 111, 113-14,
139
Morkevičius, Vaidas 192n2, 194
Mortensen, Gertrud 193nl3, 194
Mortensen, Hans 193nl3, 194
Moscow 154, 275, 348, 370; city 25,
47, 57, 290, 383; principality 33, 50,
55, 57, 203-4, 240, 331, 372, 391;
as Third Rome 8, 12, 33, 50, 178,
239, 276; see also Muscovite empire;
Rus’; North Eastern Rus*; Russian
empire
Motieka, Egidijus 158n5, 160
Motyl, Alexander 13nl0, 15, 158;
définition of empire 151-2, 158nl0,
160; on dedine and fali of empires
181, 192n5, 194, 294, 302; on
territorial structure of empires 165,
172, 259, 292, 302, 339
Mrazauskas, Tomas x, 315
Mstislau principality 308
Müller, Joseph 40
Mughal empire 35, 167, 255
Muir, Ramsay 109, 108nl6
Muldoon, James 23-5, 29, 41
Muscovite empire 72, 244n5, 381-3,
389-90; conquest of the Greater
Novgorod 280, 300, 294-6, 370-3,
377-81; contest with the GDL over
the Kievan Rus’ legacy 50-1, 57-8,
234-9, 240-3, 280; deportations
289; 348; ideology 33-4, 39-40nl2,
203, 276-8, 287, 347; internal
conflicts 323-6; 373-4; relations
with Greater Horde 206, 212, 225;
territorial expansion 53-4, 102,
104, 105, 262-5, 234, 259, 291,
297n2, 309-14; see also Moscow,
principality; Tatars, Golden Horde;
Inter-polity system; Russian empire;
Moscow
Muslim Caliphate 100-1, 227, 260,
343; see also Arab Caliphate
Muslim (Islamic) inter-polity society
226-7, 388
Mykolas Lietuvis 255, 257n7, 258
Mykolas 2,ygimantaitis 263, 373, 375
Myxailo Olelkovyc 323, 380, 384-5n9
Nadruvia 305-6, 328-9n5
Naff, Thomas 125, 139
Nalsia 210, 328n3, 347, 350, 356,
364nl8
Napoleon I 36, 47, 71, 121, 248
Narbutas, Sigitas 33, 41
Narew River 305
Narimantas 251
Naroll, Raoul 109, 91-2
Nasevic, Vjacaslau L. 301, 328nl,
332, 349, 368; on territorial
expansion of the GDL 305-8,
310-14, 328n4, 329
Natanson-Leski, Jan 217nl, 219
Nationalism 283-4; and empires 143,
Belarusian 3-4, 348-9, 363nl0;
ethnic 2, 37-8; Lithuanian 64n9,
328n2; Russian 382-3; Scottish 157
Navahrudak 206-7, 211, 236, 265,
305, 318, ЗЗІпЗЗ, 347, 349;
palatinate of 251
Nazarova, Evgenija L. 346, 368
Near East 97, 109,115, 117-19, 183,
243
Nemunas River 116, 190, 210, 256nl,
297n3, 328n3,328-9n5, 364nl8
Neris River 210, 349, 364nl8; land
328n3, 356. 364nl8, 364n20
Nesterenko, Aleksandr N. 244n6, 247
406 Index
Neva River 211, 244n6, 376
Nevel 314
Netherlands 30, 166
Nefedov, Sergey 183, 190, 195
Niendorf, Mathias 363nl, 368
The Nikon Chronicle 239-40, 247
Nikžentaitis, Alvydas x, 193nl2,
245nl4, 365, 367-8; on the GDL’s
foreign policy aims 44, 46, 67, 224,
247
Nogai 230, 245nl0
Nordstrom, Byron J. 298, 298n9
Norkus, Zenonas 5, 15-16, 61, 64, 67,
190,192, 194
Norkūnas, Arvydas 319, 333, 364nl5,
368
Norman empire 27, 41, 171, 201, 270
Normandy 41,172, 361
Normans 26, 234, 248, 257, 260,
288, 336, 352, 361—362; see also
Varangians; Vikings
Northern Dvina River 378
Northern Rus’ 213, 217nl0, 220,
264nl, 370
North Eastern Rus’ 32, 58, 64n4, 214,
229, 235-8, 244n6; subordination to
Muscovy 370-1, 373, 377, 382
Northern Europe 117, 220, 298, 375
North West Rus* 229-30
Norway 24, 40, 220, 298, 376
Nosov, Nikołaj E. 373-4, 386
Novgorod-Siversky land 313, 325, 368;
principality 262
Novgorod the Great see Greater
Novgorod
NovosePskij, Valerij V. 348, 368
Novosil principality 262
Nowak, Andrzej 13n4,16,49, 55, 67
Nubia 97, 171
Nye, Josephs. 179,194
OboPcy 289-90
Obolensky, Dimitry 27, 41
O’Callaghan, Joseph F. 25, 41
Ochmański, Jerzy 191,194, 251,
257n7, 258, 289, 351, 368
Odoev principality 262
Ogedei 357
Oesel bishoprics 328nl; see also
Saaremaa
Oded, Bustenay 289, 298
Oka River 64n4, 200, 245nl8, 353;
Ruthenian principalities at the upper
reaches 262, 266, 273, 303, 309-14,
325
Olegovičs of Chernihiv see Rurikids,
Chernihiv Olegovičs
Oleśnicki, Zbigniew 324
Olson, Mancur 184,194
Oppenheimer, Franz 363n7, 368
Orientalism 35, 41
Orsha battle 291, 326, 381
Orthodox Church 21-3, 33, 186;
conversions of Lithuanian dukes
50-1, 64nl, 223,228-9, 234, 249;
in the Kievan Rus’ 215-16, 236-7;
241; in the GDL 1, 57, 59, 251,
254-5, 272, 320-1, 326; in the
Greater Novgorod 379-80; see also
Kyiv, metropolitan
Osa River 222
Oskol River 310
Ostrozky, Kostiantyn 251, 272
Ottoman empire 1, 35, 38, 53-4, 164,
169,181,190, 283, 293; claim to
Roman legacy 29-30; expansion 90,
104, 153, 226-7,245nl9, 311, 371;
position in the inter-polity systems
30,125,139, 241-2, 244n5, 293;
ruling elite 255, 260, 290
Ottomans 22-3,365
Otto von Freising 29
Otto I 22-4
Ozerovas, Grigorijus 58-9, 67
Ozolas, Romualdas 46-7, 67
Pagden, Anthony 35-6, 41, 71, 89
Pakštas, Kazys 43, 64n9, 67, 304-16,
329nl3, 330n21, 333
Palaiologos dynasty 216, 226
Palemon legend 34, 39-40nl2, 256-56
Palestine 97,116-17, 236
Panemune 290, 357
Panucevič, Vaclaü 348, 368
Papal States 28-30, 201
Parker, Geoffrey 192nll, 372, 386
Parthian empire 72,102,166-7, 174
Paszkiewicz, Henryk 7,16, 234, 247,
346,361, 368
Paškou, Genadz’ P. 332-3
Pašuto, Vladimir 224, 346, 368
Peace of Westphalia 30, 92,162,
281, 285; founding of the modern
European inter-polity society 19,
34-5,114-15,121-7; see also
inter-polity society
Index 40 7
Peers, Douglas M· 255, 258, 284n3,
285
Peripheries see territorial structure of
empires
Persian empire 35, 64, 119, 125, 164,
169-70, 252; see also Achaemenid
empire; Parthian empire; Sassanid
empire
Pelenski, Jaroslaw 239-40, 247, 327,
333
Pere j asla vl principality 208-9
Pereyaslav council (rada) 278
Pernthaler, Peter 158n3, 160
Peter I 58, 244n6, 256n4, 277
Petit-Dutaillis, Charles 27, 41, 166,
172
Petras Dusburgietis 6, 14
Petrauskas, Rimvydas x, 7, 14-15,
20n20, 33, 41, 355, 364nl8; on
the ruling elite of the GDL 245n3,
247, 251, 258, 272, 274; on the
transformation of the GDL into
institutional state 320, 323, 333,
365, 367-8, 385-6
Pfitzner, Josef 239, 247, 254, 258
Pietkiewic, Krzysztof 64n5
Pinsk 206, 229, 306; duchy of 261
Pinsk-Turaü duchy 207, 302
Plantagenets 27, 72, 166, 200-1; see
also Angevins
Plantagenet empire see Angevin empire
Plato 87n4, 141
Platonov, Sergei R 247
Plokhii, Serhii 76, 89, 249, 258
Plungė 306
Pociūtė, Dainora 298n9, 299
Pocock, John G. A. 34, 41
Podlasie land 249, 261-62, 265,
305-07, 309, 312, 327, 329n5;
palatinate 250, 273n3
Podolia 231, 237, 239, 265, 269,
273, 303, 308, 316, 329nl0; Eastern
261-2, 309, 329nl2; Western 263,
280,311,324, 329nl2, 329nl4, 379
Polabian Slavs 187-8
Poland: as empire 53-7, 61, 103, 104,
105; as part of the medieval Central
European inter-polity system 34,
187-8, 190, 209, 212; as part of
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
199, 244n5, 249, 311-14, 319, 387;
medieval kingdom 238—9, 257n9,
321-4; modern nation state 38,
142, 150-4, 158n5, 275; relations
with popes 31; relations with the
GDL 1,12, 50-1, 221-3, 228-31,
240-1, 243, 256, 263, 287; relations
with Teutonic Order 53, 222,
335, 379; see also Jagiellonians;
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth;
Horodlo Union; Krewo Act; Lublin
Union; Historiography of the GDL,
Polish
Polatsk, 51, 227, 266, 279-80, 304,
312, 326; land of 206-7, 209-11,
222, 261, 262-3, 265, 269, 273,
279, 291, 302, 305-6, 318, 330nl8;
principality of 209, 211, 348
Polesie 261
Polexov, Sergej V. 273—4, 323, 333
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
1, 12, 47, 105, 108, 334, 391; as
federation 52-5, 288 328; imperial
features 52-3, 54-5, 327-8, 297;
wars with Muscovy 178, 191,
193nl4, 297, 312-16 see also Lublin
Union; Poland; Grand Duchy of
Lithuania
Popes 8, 22, 26, 30-2, 48, 59, 117,
127, 162, 201, 224, 228, 237,
244n6, 328; and Holy Roman
Empire 28-9, 215-16, 221, 337; see
also Papal States
Poppe, Andrzej 32, 41
Popper, Karl 75-6, 89
Portugal empire 107, 171
Potapov, Viktor 58, 67, 72, 89
Potašenko, Grigorijus 66, 273, 365
Powicke, Maurice 27, 41, 166, 172
Presnjakov, Aleksandr 7, 16, 256, 258,
271, 274
Prieglius River 222, 328n5
Pripyat’ River 261, 266
Pronsk principality 33
Provence 38, 56, 182
Prus 33—4
Prussia 1, 37, 52, 54, 56, 221-2; 232;
290; 335; 347; see also Germany;
German empire; Teutonic Order
Prussians (ancient) 222, 328-9n5, 352;
see also Great Prussian Uprising
Psammetichus I 99
Psiol River 310
Pskov 205, 229-30, 244n6, 273, 371;
as city-republic 57, 264; relations
with the GDL 239, 242-3, 269-70,
408 Index
362, 378, 382; with Greater
Novgorod 220, 376
Ptolemaic empire 71, 250, 260, 315
Pukuveras see Butvydas
Putinaitė, Nerija 63, 67
Putnam, Robert D. 184
Qin dynasty 64, 99, 101-2,119
Qing dynasty 167, 171, 358, 363n6
Radvila house 271-2, 289
Radvila, Jonušas 55
Ragin, Charles C. 85, 88nll, 89,
192n2,194
Rahachow 308
Ramsay, James H. 27, 141
Ramusack, Barbara 284n3, 285
Ranke, Leopold von 2
Rechytsa 308
Reformation 30, 297, 298n9
Revel 294; see also Tallinn
Rhine lands 38, 40nl4,142, 359
Rhode, Gotthold 217nl, 219, 270, 274,
280
Riazan’ principality 33, 207, 371, 375,
381, 384n5; relations with the GDL
200, 239, 243, 273, 310
Ricardo, David 190
Rice, Condoleezza 123
Riga 221, 266, 279, 293-4, 312-13
Riker, William 149,160
Rimša, Edmundas 39n4, 41, 367
Robinson, Ronald E. 176,177,193,
194
Rogneda 209
Rogvolod 209
Rohlf, F. James 188, 195
Rokiškis 144
Roman curia see Papal curia
Romanovs 1, 72; see also Russian
empire
Roman Catholic Church 1, 12, 13nl,
23, 28, 30, 32,128, 186, 201,
215-16, 220-4, 228, 244n6, 360; in
the Grand Duchy 51, 57, 114, 225,
324-5, 233-4, 239-41, 249-51,
255, 257n6, 272, 297, 320-1, 328,
348, 378, 380, 387; see also popes;
Orthodox Christianity
Romeris, Mykolas 144-9, 158n5,
158n8,158n9,160-1, 271, 280-1,
390
Rome 29-30, 34, 345, 357
Roman empire 71-2, 84, 91, 134-5,
republican period 19-20, 34-5,
141-2, 155,158n2, 166-7, 177,
principate 20, 277; dominate 20-2;
hegemonic 127, 168-9; territorial
169; primary 169-70; comparison
with other empires 101-2, 115,
171n7, 292-4, 315; as ideal typical
80, 164, 174; thresholds in its
history, 107, 181—4, 288-9, 323-4;
its legacy and translatio 8-9, 12,
19, 22-4, 26-8, 36, 64, 132, 357-8,
imperialism 172, 276, 285; see also
Holy Roman Empire; Eastern Roman
Empire; Western Roman Empire;
Byzantine empire; Moscow as a
Third Rome; Palemon legend
Romanovics of Halych-Volhynia 212,
228-9
Romulus Augustulus 21
Rossabi, Morris 344, 368
Rostislav Mstislavic 217n8
Rostislav Vladimirovic 217n8
Rostislavics of Halych see Rurikids,
Haiych Rostislavics
Rostislavics of Smolensk see Rurikids,
Smolensk Rostislavics
Rostov-Suzdal land 207
Rowell, Stephen C. 4,16, 32,41, 191,
193, 219; on the conversion of
Lithuania to Christianity 191, 193,
224; on the dyarchy in the GDL
245-46n7; on the GDL as empire
7-8, 14, 57, 59, 67, 203, 219, 318;
on the Pax Lituanica 293, 295; on
the transformation of the GDL into
institutional state 282, 285, 323,
333,335,368
Rueschemeyer, Dieter 14, 15
Rüsen, Jörn 8, 16
Ruggie, John G., 284n5, 285
Rummel, Rudolph J. 91, 109
Rurikid Rus’ see Kievan Rus’
Rurikids 33^, 50, 254-5, 319, 325,
389; Chernihiv Olegovics 208-9;
Halych Rostislavics 208; Polatsk
Izislavics 209, 211; 210 Smolensk
Rostislavics 208; Suzdal Jur’evics
208; Volhynia Iziaslavics 208-9;
empire 32, 72, 234, 260, 288, 296,
360-2, 388; transformation into
Kievan Rus’ inter-polity system
and demise 11, 205-8, 212-16,
Index 409
220-3; 228, 288, 335; takeover by
Gediminids 232, 234, 236-8, 264,
307-10, Golden Horde see also Rus’;
Muscovy
Rus’ 346-9, 350-1, 359-0, 361-3,
370-5, 380-2, 384n2, 387-92;
territory 25, 32-3, 58-9, 261-3;
ethnoreligious identity 50-1, 203,
216,234,249-5, 265-6, 318-19
veche tradition 214-15, 264, 280,
373-6, 380, 384n6; and the Baltic
tribes 184-8, 200, 349, 353-6,
391-2; Lithuanian 203-6, 212-13,
234, 261, 265, 267; Tatar 203-6,
225-6, 231-2, 238,245nl0, 293,
343, 347, 373, 377, 384n7, 389;
see also Kievan Rus*; Black Rus’;
North Eastern Rus; Northern Rus’;
Southern Rus’; South West Rus’;
Western Rus’; Rurikids
Russia 188, 256-7n4, 284, 328-9n5;
390; Great Russian ethnicity 114,
253, 383-4, 390; its formation
217n4, 240, 261, 284nl, 301,
374; Soviet Russia 45, 252; post-
communist Russia 57, 72, 85,
90-2, 96, 104,120,137, 234,
Great Russian chauvinism 12,
57-8, 275, 382-4, 390; see also
Rus’; North Eastern Rus’, Northern
Rus’; Russian empire; Russian
federation; Muscovite empire; USSR;
Historiography of the GDL
Russian empire 52-5, 66, 90,125, 178,
267, 292; directly and indirectly
ruled peripheries 142, 277, 284n2,
390; dissolution and continuation
as the USSR 12, 71, 75, 99, 132;
position in the international system
37, 125, 276-7; see also Romanovs;
Rurikids; Muscovite empire; USSR
Russian Federation 90, 328-9n5
Ruthenia see Rus’; Kievan Rus’
Rusina, Olena 245nl3, 247
Rydzevskaja, Elena A. 220, 247
Rzhev 230
Saaremaa 312
Sacrum Imperium Romanum see Holy
Roman Empire
Saganovič, Genadz’ 348-9, 365, 368
Said, Edward W. 35, 41
Sakas (Sakavičius) house 272
Sallustius Crispus 20
Salynas Island 39n9, 222
Samara River 310
Sambia 222
Samogitia 32, 239, 328n3, 329n5,
331n35, 329nl4, 364nl8; territory
and population 39nll, 193nl3, 250,
257n6; 305, 309, 316, 355; social
organization 256, 321, 357-60,
364n21, 392; autonomy 261-3, 272,
340-1; resisting Teutonic Order
50, 222, 228, 232-4; policies of the
GDL rulers 290, 318, 350-1, 353;
Samogitian eldership 269, 273n3,
290, 329nl3; misidentification of
Samogitia and Lithuania by the
nationalist Belarusian historians
347-9, 363nl0
St Petersburg 102
Sapiega house 251, 272, 289
Sarai 50, 231, 242
Sargon 71-2
Sartori, Giovanni 73, 89
Sassanid empire 102, 167
Saviscevas, Eugenijus 272, 274
Sawicki, Jan 161, 158n5
Saxon dynasty see Ottonians
Saxony 359—60, 384
Scandinavia 31, 117, 209-10, 220,
297, 298, 356, 360, 362; see also
Northern Europe
Schirokauer, Conrad 344, 367
Schlemmer, Martin 4On 14, 42
Schmidt, Helmut D. 3, 37
Schmitt, Carl 156-7, 161, 326-7, 367
Schneider, Carsten Q. 192n2, 194
Schumpeter, Joseph A. 136, 140, 176,
205
Schwartz, Stephen P. 75, 89
Scotland 24, 157, 279
Seaton, Albert 178, 195
Sebezh 311, 314
Seeley, John R. 177, 195, 252, 258
Seleucid empire 71, 100-1, 252, 260
Seligman, Adam B. 273nl, 274
Selonia 228, 245n8, 303, 305
Semen Bel’skij 325
Semen Ivanovic 325
Semen Olelkovych 263, 380
Semigallia 222, 290, 306
Serbia 27, 216, 245nl9
Serpeisk 313
Service, Elman R. 109, 338, 368
410 Index
Shang dynasty 97, 99, 315
Shelon’ River Battle 300, 380
Shugart, Matthew 90, 110
Siberia 178, 284n2, 363n6
Siberian khanate 374
Sicily 33, 177; see also Kingdom of the
Two Sicilies
Sigismund I the Old 261, 264, 323
Sigismund II Augustus 300, 311
Sigismund of Luxemburg 30, 224
Simeon the Great 27
Sirutavičius, Marius 289, 297
Skalnik, Peter 338, 365
Skalvia 305-6, 328-9n5
Skinner, Quentin 34, 42
Skrynnikova, Tat’jana D. 345, 367
Skuodas 306
Skurvydaitė, Loreta 217n2, 219
Slonim 211, 265, 305, 318, 347
Sliesoriūnas, Gintautas 312, 333,
363nl, 368
Slutsk duchy 261, 306
Smetona, Antanas 60-1, 64n9, 67
Smith, Anthony D. 258, 327, 333, 391,
392, 255, 257nl0
Smolensk 262, 290, 311-12, 325-6,
350, 389; land of 207, 222, 227,
230, 243, 251, 261-2, 265, 269,
273-4, 278, 307-8, 382; principality
of 33, 51, 206, 208, 210, 217n8,
270, 309-12
social capital 184, 336, 355-6, 392
Sokal, Robert R. 188, 195
Solak, Zbigniew 158n5, 161
Solomon of Hungary 244n7
Solov’ev, Sergei 224
Songhai empire 104
Sophia Palaiologina 33
Sophia, Vytautas’ daughter 240
Soulis, George C. 27, 42
South America 313; see also Latin
America
South Asia 118; see also Asia
South East Asia 71, 118; see also Asia
South-Eastern Europe see Europe,
South-Eastern; Balkans
Southern Rus’ 204, 208, 233, 240,
330nl9
South West Rus’ 58, 233
Sozh River 261
Soviet Union see USSR
Spain 24, 26, 30, 39n2, 41, 116-17,
156, 182, 283, 284n7; see also
Aragon Kingdom; Castile Kingdom;
Spanish empire
Spanish empire 24-5, 30, 36, 72, 89,
104, 126, 151, 167, 169; see also
Latina America
Spencer, Herbert 205, 219
Spengler, Oswald 138nl5, 140, 174,
296,299
Spiridon Savva 33
Spuler, Bertold 242, 247
Stakauskas, Juozapas 223, 228,
244nl
Stancelis, Vigintas 223, 248
Stang, Christian S. 254, 258
Stanislav, Duke 230
State: problems of definition 107n3,
108n7, 110-11, 301-2; Weber’s
definition, 112, 336-8; taxation and
professional statesmen as necessary
attributes 338-40, 344-6, 349-53,
356-63, 392; primary state 339-41,
347; secondary 338-43; institutional
281,283, 284n2, 288,318;
territorial (Westphalian) 115, 122,
168, 281; as personal alliance 238,
318, 342-3; feudal 266-7, 343, 360;
patrimonial 167, 268, 281-2, 288,
319; sultanistic patrimonial 320;
estate monarchy 57, 269, 320-2,
325; modern (Weberian) 115, 281,
336—8, 342, nation 145, 169, 181—2,
253, 267, 284, 383; see also empire;
imperialism
Statutes of Lithuania 260, 263, 274
Starodub duchy 262
Starodub war 243, 297n2, 311
Statkus, Nortautas 123,139
Staufers see Hohenstaufens
Stefan IV Dušan 27
Stephen Bathory 49, 312
Stirland, Andreas von 350
Strayer, Joseph A. 74, 89, 282-3, 285
Strėva Battle 307
Strockis, Mindaugas 26, 39
Strunga, Albina xi
Stryjkowski, Maciej 230
Sub-Daugava region 336, 346, 351-2,
361
Sub-Dnieper region 265-6, 308—9,
313-14, 353
Sudovians see Yotvingians
Sumerian civilisation 87n3, 338
Sužiedėlis, Simas 60, 67, 241, 248
índex 411
Sūduva 290, 328-9n5; see also
Y otvingia
Suzdal Jur’evičs see Rurikids, Suzdal
Jur’evičs
Suzdal principality 208, 231; see also
Rostov-Suzdal land
Suzerain state system 127-31, 240,
242
Sweden 24, 193nl4, 220, 223, 225,
244, 312-13, 376; Swedish empire
36, 200, 297
Switzerland 43, 142, 281, 355
Szporluk, Roman 67
Šabuldo, Feliks 230, 242, 245nl3, 248,
303, 307, 333
Šapoka, Adolfas 305-9, 313-14, 317,
330nl8, 333, 349-50, 368
Šaskol’skij, Igor’ P. 220, 248
Saxmagonov Fedor F. 231, 246
Šedvytytė, Inga x
Šepetys, Nerijus x
Širvintai 363n8
Švarnas 48, 228-9
Švitrigaila 262, 269, 320-1, 323-4, 373
Taagepera, Rein xii, 10, 13n7, 16;
education and public activities 90,
107nl, definition of empire 106-7,
108n7,109-10, 163, 171nl, 174;
sources and tools of cliometric
research on empires 91, 93-7,
criteria for critical thresholds in the
history of empires 97-103, 108nl0,
108nll, 132, 391; application of
his criteria to the history of the GDL
103-6; 200-1, 302-4, 310,315-18,
330n3; 330n3, 330n25, 330n26,
330n27, 334; research on Finno-
Ugric peoples 90, 92, 374, 386; see
also adulthood date of an empire
(A); emergence date of an empire (E);
maximum stable area of an empire
(M); failure date of an empire (F)
Taagepera’s integral xii, 97-100, 102,
106, 330n22, 330n25; of the GDL
304,314-16, 330n26
Tainter, Joseph A. 191, 195
Tallinn 293, 312; see also Revel
Tambiah, Stanley J. 128, 140
Tamerlane 50,129, 238, 240, 242-3,
345, 389; see also Timur
Tang dynasty 99
Taras, Anatolij 348, 368
Tartu 107nl, 221
Tatars 51, 191, 293, 303, 306, 327,
295; invasion to Rus’ 209, 211-16,
335, 350, 382; “Tatar yoke” in Rus’
32-3, 45, 264-5, 343, 384n8; its
legacy in the Muscovite empire 240,
256-7n4, 289; checking Lithuanian
expansion to Rus’ 220, 225-30,
236-9, 303, 306, 309-10; as its
liberation 203-6, 231-5, 300, 347-8,
388-9; condominium with the GDL
204, 231, 233, 237, 303, 307-12,
329nl0, 330nl9; minority in the
GDL 249, 290-1, 297n8, 307, 320;
polities after the dissolution of the
Golden Horde 243, 371, 373, 380-1;
see also Mongol empire; Golden
Horde; Great Horde; Rus’, Tatar;
Crimea khanate; Kazan khanate;
Siberia khanate
Tautvilas 227, 350
Tavan Castle 309
Temušev, Viktor N. 217nl, 307, 311,
325, 329n8, 329nl 1,333
Temür Qutlugh 238-9, 242
territorial structure of empires 10, 35,
91, 142-9, 150-8,166-73, 259-65,
389; metropole 44-6, 83-6,130-1,
146-54, 159nll, 163-70, 177-82,
252-4; peripheries 201, 259-67,
268-73, 284-9. 292-4, 321-8,
340-6, 357-8, 389-94; see also
Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Teschke, Benno 171n6,172, 284n4,
284n5,285
Tetlock, Philip 372, 386
Teutonic Order 32, 59, 190-1, 244n2,
250, 300, 303; government 221,
329n5, 335; position in the medieval
inter-polity systems 116-17, 220-2,
231, 340; relations with the GDL 50,
52-3, 224-5, 241, 353, 357, 378-9;
see also Livonian Order; Prussia;
popes; Holy Roman Empire; Grand
Duchy of Lithuania; Samogitia;
Inter-polity system
Textor, Robert B. 91,110
Thelen, Kathleen 4, 15
Thirty Years War 30, 281
Thomson, Janice E. 176, 195
Thurnwald, Richard 363n3, 363n7,
368
Tibet 88nl0
412 Index
Tilly, Charles 4,117, 140, 169, 171n7,
172, 277-86
Timur 248; Timur empire 64, 42, 104;
see also Tamerlan
Tin-Bor Hui, Victoria 140
Tocqueville, Alexis de 142, 161
Tokhta Khan 245nl0
Tokhtamysh 50, 238-40, 242
Toledo 25, 39nl0
Topolski, Jerzy 276, 286
Toynbee, Arnold J. 174, 195, 296,
299
Traidenis 48, 221-2, 225, 228, 246,
290, 306, 317
Treaty of Melno 303
Treaty of Yazhelbitsy 379
Trajan 91, 182
Trakai 265, 280, 320; duchy of 50,
261, 279, 308, 319; palatinate of 50,
269,272, 273n3, 280,385
Transcarpathian Ukraine 109n20
Transcaucasia 226, 229
Trans-Nemunas region 250
Treaty of Dovydiskès 50, 52
Treaty of Utrecht 35, 133
Treniota 48, 222, 228
Trimonienè, Rita 380, 386
Trow, Meirion J. 24, 42
Trubchevsk 313
Tsebelis, George 116, 140
Tula 310
Tulard, Jean 36, 42
Turau 306, 206
Turchin, Peter 10, 13nl3, 16, 163,
171n2, 172, 183-90, 192nl, 192n9,
195, 200, 219, 341, 349, 353, 356,
368
Turchin, Valentin 183
Turkey 55, 125, 225
Turkic khaganates 101-2
Turkish Ottoman empire see Ottoman
empire
Tver principality 33, 231-2, 235-42,
247, 273, 294, 307-8, 373-7, 381;
Kashin branch of its princes 232,
235; Mikulin branch of its princes
232
Tyla, Antanas 223, 248
types of empires: formal 10, 153-5
251-2; informal 10, 129-30,
153-6, 236, 273, 301, 310, 325;
continental 84, 166, 292; maritime
(thalassocratic) 84, 166; bureaucratic
166—7; patrimonial 12, 166-8,
266-8, 282, 288, 318-25, 335,
342, 350; primary 169, 171n8, 201,
270, 288-96, 390; shadow 13, 109,
169-72, 193, 342; vulture 171,
178, 186, 296, 342, 392; territorial
168, 182, 185, 276-84, 288, 295,
325; hegemonic 168, 182, 242—3,
276-84, 288, 295, 325, 388-90;
nomadic 84, 102, 159nll, 166, 169,
242, 295, 339-46, 358; territorially
homogeneous empires 84, 164;
peaceful 84, 164, 287; classical 10,
82-4, 164-5, 242; non-classical 84,
164; non-hegemonic empires 84,
164, 287; ethnically and culturally
homogeneous empires 84, 192n7,
249, 284; see also great powers;
comparative studies of empires and
imperialism; international relations
studies on empires and imperialism
types of imperialism: economic 61-3,
134-6, 114, 150-1; military 113,
151; cultural 86,114-15, 150-1,
159nll, 179-80, 296-7; maritime
84, 102, 107,117, 166; 171, 177;
by invitation 45, 66,138nlO; steppe
117, 339; precocious (barbarian)
11, 186, 341-9, 358-63, 363n4;
see also great powers; comparative
studies of empires and imperialism;
international relations studies on
empires and imperialism
Uglich 380
Ukmergė 363n8
Ukraine xi, 1, 3—4, 53, 55-6, 105,
107, 109, 245, 250, 258, 272, 298,
303, 310, 324, 348, 382, 389, 391;
Western 38, 229
Ulčinaitė, Eugenija 255, 258
Uniate Church 241, 327
Union of Poland and Lithuania see
Krewo Act; Lublin union
United Kingdom 277; see also Great
Britain
United Nations (UN) 133, 153
United States of America 3-4, 183,
192nl 1, 239, 340, 383; empire 72,
77, 82, 90, 118, 138n9, 147, 149,
150, 154; federation 142, 149, 281;
former colony 36, 178; hegemonic
superpower 118, 120, 133, 189;
Index 413
see also internaţional society;
internaţional system
Upytė land 328n3, 364nl8
Ural 186, 374
Urban, William L. 59, 67, 224, 248,
318
Urbanczyk, Przemyslaw 364-5n24, 366
Uriankhai land 277; see also Tyva
USSR 92, 114, 156; as continuation
of Russian empire 71-2, 91-2, 99;
dissolution 1-2, 103, 120; facade
federation 143, 150; imperfect
empire 159nll; informai empire
130, 154; superpower 118,122,
133; see also Russian empire;
internaţional system
Ustyug 372-4
Uzbeg Khan 230, 232
Vaišelga see Vaišvilkas
Vaišvilkas 48, 228-9, 350
Valantieįus, Algimantas x
Valikonytė, Irena 248, 272, 274
VanseviČius, Stasys 303-4, 333
Varakauskas, Rokas 223, 248
Varangians 210, 234, 260, 293, 361;
see also Normans, Vikings
Vasa dynasty 297
Vasilenko, Vitalyi 230, 239
Vasilij Ivanovič, the grandson of
Dmitrij Šemjaka 325
Vasilij I Dmitrijevič 50, 242
Vasilij II the Dark 50, 240, 242-3, 300,
324, 372-3, 375, 382n5
Vasilij III 33, 240
Vasilij the Cross-Eyed (Kosoi) 324
Vatican 28, 88nl0
Vaukavysk 211, 265, 305-6
Veide van de, Peter 338, 366
Velizh land 312, 314, 330nl8
Venice 107, 171, 216
Vernadskij Georgij 217n4, 240, 246
Vidžeme 313
Viatka 372-4
Vijayanagara empire 64
Vikings 24, 59, 117, 221, 288, 356,
361-2, 367, 388; see also Normans;
Varangians
Victoria, Queen 37
Vilija see Neris River
Vilius 39nl2
Vilnius 236, 293, 305, 317, 325-6,
328n4; as a Second Kyiv 12, 234,
383; capital of the GDL 46; 49—5,
240, 290, 293, 320; comparison with
Aachen 360; contested city 4, 158n5,
253; duchy 261, 265, 272, 279,
308, 319, 373; governorate 261;
palatinate 251, 261, 269, 272, 280
Visby 211
Visigoth kingdom 21, 25, 39nl0
Vitsebsk 210, 273, 289; lands of 202,
222, 261-3, 265, 269, 279, 306,
318; principality of 52, 207
Vladimir Jaroslavič 208
Vladimir Monomakh 72, 217n8
Vladimir-on-Klyazma 237
Vladimir principality 32-3, 203,
205, 212, 231, 235, 237-239, 377,
389
Vladimir the Great 171n6, 209,
244-5n7
Voldemaras, Augustinas 254, 258
Volga 64n4, 229-30, 245nl8, 297n6,
306, 308-9, 371, 373-4, 377-8
Volga Bulgaria 212, 229, 371
Volhynia: land 207, 231, 237, 251,
254, 261-62, 265, 269, 272, 279,
291, 300, 303, 306-8, 323-4, 327,
330nl8, 340, 382, 208, 229; se* also
Halych-Volynia land; duchy
Volkhov 211
Volodixin, Dmitrij M. 280, 302, 331
Volodymyr-Volynsky 229
Volokolamsk 380
Von der Muhll, George E. 152, 161
Vorotynsk principality 262
Vorskla River battle, 6, 51, 240-2, 309,
378, 382
Vortman, Dmytro xi
Vozgrin, Valerij E. 371, 386
Voznikaitis, Antanas 315
Vsevolod the Big Nest 32, 213
Vykintas 227, 350
Vytautas Magnus, 43, 254, 353, 358;
relations with Jogaila 225, 287,
387; extension of Algirdas program
6, 50-2, 233-4, 295-6, 381-2;
territorial expansion 199-201,
222-5, 309-11, 317-18, 330n20;
defeat at Vorskla 238-41, 378;
hegemony in the East European
inter-polity system 12, 43, 242-3,
259, 345, 370-2; policies in the
Orthodox peripheries 254, 257n6,
262, 264, 280; 389, 390-1;
414 Index
sułtanistic patrimonialist rule 251,
290, 320-5; coronation plans 30-1,
39n9, memories in modern Lithuania
vii, 58-61, 67, 243
Vytenis 33, 221, 225, 306
Wagemann, Claudius 192n2, 194
Wales 24, 284
Wallerstein, Immanuel 133-7, 140,
293, 299
Waltz, Kenneth 111, 133, 140
Warsaw 13, 16, 67, 286
Wartberge, Hermanni de 222, 233,
248; see also Hermanas Vartberge
Watson, Adam 13n9, 16, 125-6,128,
130, 132,137-40, 244n5, 248
Weber, Eugen 38, 42, 284n7, 286
Weber, Max i, 4-5, 15-16, 281, 369;
on ideal types 83, 89,164; on state
112, 115, 140, 333-8, 369; on
sultanistic patrimonialism 320, 333;
see also state, Weber’s definition;
state, modern (Weberian)
Wendt, Alexander 120-4,127, 129,
137,140
Wennerberg, Hjalmar 82, 89
Wenskus, Reinhard 341, 359,
364-5n24, 369
Werner, Ernst 29, 42
Werner, Karl F. 23, 42
Western Berezina 210, 364nl8
Western Dvina see Daugava
Western Roman Empire 20-1, 227;
see also Roman empire
Western Rus’ 229-31, 250, 258, 274;
see also Rus*
Western Russia 3, 12, 56-7, 202, 250,
254-5, 275; see also Russia
West Frankish Kingdom 24; see also
Frankish Kingdom
Whittaker, Charles R. 177, 193
Westphalian empires see types of
empires, territorial
Wickham, Chris 363-4nl4, 369
Wight, Martin 126-7,130,140
Wilkerson, Terence E. 75, 89
William the Conqueror 27, 72, 200,
270
Wittgenstein, Ludwig 14, 40, 80-2, 89,
338
Władysław I Herman 244-5n7
Władysław Łokietek 221
Wohlforth, William C. 119, 139-40,
193
Wolfram, Herwig 31, 42, 359, 369
Wood, Ian 359, 369
Wormald, Patrick 24, 42
World system 135-6, 139-40, 293-4;
see also international system
World War I 1, 37-8, 40, 49, 77, 80,
125,133,284, 385
World War II 102,122, 133,136,154
Wortman, Richard S. 292, 299
Xia dynasty 97, 99, 315
Xrustalev, Denis G. 207, 219, 382,
386
Xudjakov, Mixail G. 371, 386
Yam Zapolski truce 105, 330nl8
Yaroslav the Wise 171n6, 362,
244-5n7
Yedisan area 309-11
Yeltsin, Boris 58
Yotvingia 290, 305; Yotvingians 257,
328-9n5, 306, 329n6; see also
Sūduva
Yuan dynasty 104
Yugoslavia 2, 38, 154
Zaberezinskis house 271-2
Zajcev, Il’ja V. 371, 386
Zales’e 51, 64n4, 245nl8
Zaporozhye Cossacks 358
Zaslavl 347
Zavoloch’ye 311
Zbigniew of Poland 244n7
Zemgüle see Semigallia
Zeno, Emperor 21
Zernack, Klaus 214, 219, 384n6
Zielonka, Jan 168, 172, 283, 286
Zimin, Aleksandr 372-4, 386
Zinkevičius, Zigmas 254, 258, 289-90,
299
Zöllner Erich 359, 369
Zolkos, Magdalena 149,160
Žemaitija see Samogitia
Žiemelis, Darius 294, 299
Žiemgala see Semigallia
Žukauskas, Artūras x
Žygimantas Kęstutaitis 264, 309,
320-1, 324, 373, 378-9
Bayerische
Staatsbibliothek
München
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Norkus, Zenonas 1958- |
| author2 | Strunga, Albina |
| author2_role | trl |
| author2_variant | a s as |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1071684701 |
| author_facet | Norkus, Zenonas 1958- Strunga, Albina |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Norkus, Zenonas 1958- |
| author_variant | z n zn |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV044471163 |
| callnumber-first | D - World History |
| callnumber-label | DK505 |
| callnumber-raw | DK505.72 |
| callnumber-search | DK505.72 |
| callnumber-sort | DK 3505.72 |
| callnumber-subject | DK - Russia, Soviet Union, Former Soviet Republics, Poland |
| classification_rvk | NK 2484 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1011114164 (DE-599)BVBBV044471163 |
| dewey-full | 947.93 |
| dewey-hundreds | 900 - History & geography |
| dewey-ones | 947 - Russia & east Europe |
| dewey-raw | 947.93 |
| dewey-search | 947.93 |
| dewey-sort | 3947.93 |
| dewey-tens | 940 - History of Europe |
| discipline | Geschichte |
| era | Geschichte gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Lithuania (Grand Duchy) History Lithuania (Grand Duchy) Historiography Großfürstentum Litauen (DE-588)4499060-1 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Lithuania (Grand Duchy) History Lithuania (Grand Duchy) Historiography Großfürstentum Litauen |
| id | DE-604.BV044471163 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T07:53:51Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781138281547 |
| language | English |
| lccn | 017004096 |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-029871584 |
| oclc_num | 1011114164 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-11 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-11 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR |
| physical | xi, 414 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karte |
| publishDate | 2018 |
| publishDateSearch | 2018 |
| publishDateSort | 2018 |
| publisher | Routledge |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Rouledge research in early modern history |
| spelling | Norkus, Zenonas 1958- Verfasser (DE-588)1071684701 aut Nepasiskelbusioji imperija An unproclaimed empire the Grand Duchy of Lithuania : from the viewpoint of comparative historical sociology of empires Zenonas Norkus ; translation from Lithuanian by Albina Strunga London Routledge 2018 xi, 414 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karte txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Rouledge research in early modern history Geschichte gnd rswk-swf Geschichte Imperialism History Imperialism Cross-cultural studies Historical sociology Imperium (DE-588)4161404-5 gnd rswk-swf Lithuania (Grand Duchy) History Lithuania (Grand Duchy) Historiography Großfürstentum Litauen (DE-588)4499060-1 gnd rswk-swf Großfürstentum Litauen (DE-588)4499060-1 g Imperium (DE-588)4161404-5 s Geschichte z DE-604 Strunga, Albina trl Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-1-315-16272-0 https://www.recensio.net/r/a63fd5200a71438dac342e16edae041b rezensiert in: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung (ZfO), 69 (2020), 2, S. 264-266 Rezension http://www.sehepunkte.de/2020/09/34707.html rezensiert in: sehepunkte 20 (2020), Nr. 9 Rezension LoC Fremddatenuebernahme application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029871584&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029871584&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Norkus, Zenonas 1958- An unproclaimed empire the Grand Duchy of Lithuania : from the viewpoint of comparative historical sociology of empires Geschichte Imperialism History Imperialism Cross-cultural studies Historical sociology Imperium (DE-588)4161404-5 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4161404-5 (DE-588)4499060-1 |
| title | An unproclaimed empire the Grand Duchy of Lithuania : from the viewpoint of comparative historical sociology of empires |
| title_alt | Nepasiskelbusioji imperija |
| title_auth | An unproclaimed empire the Grand Duchy of Lithuania : from the viewpoint of comparative historical sociology of empires |
| title_exact_search | An unproclaimed empire the Grand Duchy of Lithuania : from the viewpoint of comparative historical sociology of empires |
| title_full | An unproclaimed empire the Grand Duchy of Lithuania : from the viewpoint of comparative historical sociology of empires Zenonas Norkus ; translation from Lithuanian by Albina Strunga |
| title_fullStr | An unproclaimed empire the Grand Duchy of Lithuania : from the viewpoint of comparative historical sociology of empires Zenonas Norkus ; translation from Lithuanian by Albina Strunga |
| title_full_unstemmed | An unproclaimed empire the Grand Duchy of Lithuania : from the viewpoint of comparative historical sociology of empires Zenonas Norkus ; translation from Lithuanian by Albina Strunga |
| title_short | An unproclaimed empire |
| title_sort | an unproclaimed empire the grand duchy of lithuania from the viewpoint of comparative historical sociology of empires |
| title_sub | the Grand Duchy of Lithuania : from the viewpoint of comparative historical sociology of empires |
| topic | Geschichte Imperialism History Imperialism Cross-cultural studies Historical sociology Imperium (DE-588)4161404-5 gnd |
| topic_facet | Geschichte Imperialism History Imperialism Cross-cultural studies Historical sociology Imperium Lithuania (Grand Duchy) History Lithuania (Grand Duchy) Historiography Großfürstentum Litauen |
| url | https://www.recensio.net/r/a63fd5200a71438dac342e16edae041b http://www.sehepunkte.de/2020/09/34707.html http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029871584&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029871584&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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