Prehistory of Nevada's Northern Tier: archaeological investigations along the Ruby Pipeline
The Ruby Pipeline originates in Opal, Wyoming, travels westward across Utah and Nevada, and terminates in Malin, Oregon. Almost 360 miles of the line is in Nevada, where it crosses through some of the most remote, sparsely populated land in the lower 48 states. Despite the remote nature of this corr...
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Hauptverfasser: | , , , , |
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Format: | Buch |
Sprache: | English |
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New York, NY
American Museum of Natural History
2016
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Schriftenreihe: | Anthropological papers of the American Museum of Natural History
101 |
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Online-Zugang: | http://hdl.handle.net/2246/6640 Connect to Internet resource Inhaltsverzeichnis |
Zusammenfassung: | The Ruby Pipeline originates in Opal, Wyoming, travels westward across Utah and Nevada, and terminates in Malin, Oregon. Almost 360 miles of the line is in Nevada, where it crosses through some of the most remote, sparsely populated land in the lower 48 states. Despite the remote nature of this corridor, it has produced a rich archaeological record reflecting a dynamic history of land-use pattern changes over a period of at least 13,000 years. Archaeological excavations were conducted at 578 prehistoric sites prior to construction of the pipeline. The sites were distributed across four ecological regions, including (from west to east): the High Rock Country, Upper Lahontan Basin, Upper Humboldt Plains, and Thousand Springs Valley. First evidence of human occupation dates to the Paleoindian (14,500-12,800 cal b.p.) and Paleoarchaic (12,800-7800 cal b.p.) periods, when people spent most of their time in the High Rock Country where important economic resources reached their highest densities. Paleoindian findings are limited to a series of Great Basin Concave Base projectile points and small obsidian flaked stone concentrations. Paleoarchaic sites are much more common, and tend to be represented by Great Basin Stemmed projectile points, bifaces, and a limited number of other flaked stone tools. Most of these assemblages reflect small groups of hunters refurbishing their tool kits as they traveled through the area. An important exception to this pattern was found at Five Mile Flat along the west end of pluvial Lake Parman where two significant habitation sites dating to 11,180 cal b.p. were discovered. One of these sites includes a house floor, which is the oldest ever found in the Great Basin. Despite the warm-dry conditions that characterized much of the middle Holocene, it appears that human populations nearly doubled during the Post-Mazama Period (7800-5700 cal b.p.). Most activity remained concentrated in the High Rock Country, but evidence for occupatio |
Beschreibung: | "Issued March 11, 2016. - AMNH PDF available in high- and low-resolution versions (high-res version in zipped file). - Includes bibliographical references (pages 373-405) |
Beschreibung: | 405 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten 26 cm |
ISBN: | 9780985201654 0985201657 |
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PREHISTORY OF NEVADA’S NORTHERN TIER:
ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS
ALONG THE RUBY PIPELINE
WILLIAM HILDEBRANDT, KELLY MCGUIRE,
JEROME KING, ALLIKA RUBY,
AND D CRAIG YOUNG
Par Western Anthropological Research Group, Inc
With Contributions by
David Rhode, Jeffrey Rosenthal,
Pat Barker, Kaely Colligan,
William Bloomer, Albert Garner,
Nathan Stevens, Andrew Ugan,
Kimberley Carpenter, Laura Brink,
Sharon Waechter, Richard Hughes,
Tom Origer, Sharlyn Street,
and Wendy Pierce
ANTHROPOLOGICAL PAPERS OF
THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
Number 101, 405 pages, 96 figures, 87 tables
Issued March 11, 2016
Copyright © American Museum of Natural History 2016
ISSN 0065-9452
CONTENTS
ABSTRACT 9
CHAPTER 1 Introduction, William Hildebrandt 11
Volume organization 13
CHAPTER 2 Natural setting of the Northern Tier 17
The geomorphic setting of the Northern Tier, D Craig Young 17
Landform typology 18
Geomorphic settings of the four project regions 29
Modern climate, David Rhode 36
Vegetation, David Rhode 42
High Rock Country 42
Upper Lahontan Basin 43
Upper Humboldt Plains 44
Thousand Springs Valley 44
Summary 45
Economic plants and animals, David Rhode 46
Vegetable foods 46
Animal foods 55
Paleoenvironments of the Northern Tier, David Rhode 57
Paleoindian (14,500-12,800 cal bp) 59
Paleoarchaic (12,800-7800 cal bp) 60
Middle Holocene (8500-3800 cal bp) Post-Mazama and Early Archaic Periods 64
Middle Archaic (3800-1300 cal bp) 66
Late Archaic (1300-600 cal b p) 68
Terminal prehistoric (600-150 cal bp) 69
CHAPTER 3 Cultural context of the Northern Tier 71
Prehistoric background, Kelly McGuire and William Hildebrandt 71
Paleoindian (14,500-12,800 cal bp) 72
ANTHROPOLOGICAL PAPERS AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY NO 101■ 4
Paleoarchaic (12,800-7800 cal bp) 76
Post-Mazama (7800-5700 cal bp) 79
Early Archaic (5700-3800 cal bp) 81
Middle Archaic (3800-1300 cal bp) 82
Late Archaic (1300-600 cal bp) 88
Terminal prehistoric (600 cal b p to Contact) 92
Ethnographic background, Pat Barker 95
Sources 97
Ethnohistoric interactions (1750-1900) 97
Linguistics ' 99
Foragers and collectors 100
Sharing and the gendered division of labor 101
Gender and residential mobility 102
Core and periphery 102
Trade and external relationships 106
Leadership and group dynamics 108
Local land-use patterns 109
CHAPTER 4 Field and analytical methods, Jerome King 113
Field methods 113
Laboratory and analytical methods 116
Artifact analyses 116
Faunal analysis 118
Flotation analysis 120
Radiocarbon dating 120
Obsidian hydration and geochemical sourcing 120
CHAPTER 5 Chronological controls, Jerome King 123
Diagnostic artifacts 123
Projectile points and crescents 123
Pottery 135
Beads 138
Radiocarbon 140
Obsidian hydration 140
Massacre Lake/Guano Valley 147
Mosquito Lake 148
Bidwell Mountain/Cowhead Lake 150
B ordwell group 150
Craine Creek 150
Double H 150
Paradise Valley 150
Browns Bench 150
Obsidian hydration summary 151
Building spatiotemporal components 152
2016 CONTENTS 5
CHAPTER 6 High Rock Country summary of findings, Allika Ruby 155
Chronological overview 155
Assemblage and feature overview 171
Features 171
Assemblages 173
Summary 178
CHAPTER 7 Upper Lahontan Basin summary of findings, Kelly McGuire 181
Chronological overview 181
Assemblage and feature overview 185
Features 186
Assemblages 188
Summary 192
CHAPTER 8 Upper Humboldt Plains summary of findings, Kelly McGuire 193
Chronological overview 193
Assemblage and feature overview 203
Assemblages 203
Summary 207
CHAPTER 9 Thousand Springs Valley summary of findings, Albert Garner 209
Chronological overview 209
Assemblage and feature overview r 214
Features 214
Assemblages 214
Summary 219
CHAPTER 10 Colonization of northern Nevada, William Hildebrandt
and Allika Ruby 221
Habitat variability 221
Discussion 224
Land-use indicators 224
Projectile points 225
Components ' 228
Ground stone 230
Radiocarbon dates 230
Summary and conclusion : 232
CHAPTER 11 Flaked stone production patterns, William Hildebrandt, Kaely Colligan,
and William Bloomer 237
Lithic landscapes and variability in tool-stone use 239
Intensity of production of the eight primary obsidian sources 243
Discussion 248
Flaked stone technology 249
6 ANTHROPOLOGICAL PAPERS AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY NO 101
Summary and conclusions 256
CHAPTER 12 Trans-Holocene subsistence-settlement change in northern Nevada, Kelly
McGuire, Andrew Ugan, Kimberley Carpenter; and Laura Brinz 261
Population change 261
Settlement change 262
Changes in assemblage structure 264
Archaeobotanical remains 266
Faunal remains 268
Discussion 271
Paleoindian and Paleoarchaic 272
Post-Mazama 272
Early and Middle Archaic 273
Late Archaic 274
Terminal prehistoric 276
CHAPTER 13 The archaeological correlates and evolution of geophyte procurement in the
northwestern Great Basin, Kelly McGuire and Nathan Stevens 279
Geophyte habitats along the project corridor 280
Barrel Springs 280
Geophyte procurement and processing technologies 284
Digging sticks 284
Other archaeological correlates of geophyte use 284
Archaeological assemblages from Barrel Springs versus Long Valley: an atemporal
assessment 285
Flaked stone correlates of epos procurement 287
A functional analysis of formed and simple flake tools 290
A temporal profile of geophyte procurement 294
The evolution of a geophyte-based settlement-subsistence system at
' Barrel Springs 296
CHAPTER 14 Obsidian conveyance patterns, Jerome King 303
Material profiles 304
Obsidian source diversity statistics 306
Transport distances and the obsidian procurement premium 308
Debitage from dated components 310
Projectile points 317
Discussion 321
CHAPTER 15 Northern Paiute, Western Shoshone, and the Numic expansion, William
Hildebrandt 329
Explaining the distribution of brownware pottery across northern Nevada 329
Eerkens’ small-seed/pottery hypothesis 331
Small-seed dependency among the Northern Paiute and western Shoshone 333
2016 CONTENTS 7
Archaeological findings from the Ruby Pipeline corridor 334
Timing of the Northern Paiute and Western Shoshone spread across Nevada 335
The not-so-ideal or free distribution of Northern Paiute and
Western Shoshone peoples 336
Evidence of the horse during the Terminal Prehistoric/ethnohistoric period 337
CHAPTER 16 Numic use of wooden pronghorn enclosures, Allika Ruby 341
Pronghorn behavior 343
Ethnographic evidence 345
Chronology 346
Construction techniques 349
Historic-era animal enclosure 350
Archaeological context 354
Summary 360
Discussion 361
CHAPTER 17 Summary and conclusions, William Hildebrandt 365
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 371
REFERENCES 373 |
any_adam_object | 1 |
author | Hildebrandt, William R. McGuire, Kelly R. King, Jerome Ruby, Allika Young, D. Craig |
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series | Anthropological papers of the American Museum of Natural History |
series2 | Anthropological papers of the American Museum of Natural History |
spelling | Hildebrandt, William R. Verfasser aut Prehistory of Nevada's Northern Tier archaeological investigations along the Ruby Pipeline William Hildebrandt, Kelly McGuire, Jerome King, Allika Ruby, and D. Craig Young, Far Western Anthropological Research Group, Inc. ; with contributions by David Rhode [und 14 anderen] New York, NY American Museum of Natural History 2016 405 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten 26 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Anthropological papers of the American Museum of Natural History 101 "Issued March 11, 2016. - AMNH PDF available in high- and low-resolution versions (high-res version in zipped file). - Includes bibliographical references (pages 373-405) The Ruby Pipeline originates in Opal, Wyoming, travels westward across Utah and Nevada, and terminates in Malin, Oregon. Almost 360 miles of the line is in Nevada, where it crosses through some of the most remote, sparsely populated land in the lower 48 states. Despite the remote nature of this corridor, it has produced a rich archaeological record reflecting a dynamic history of land-use pattern changes over a period of at least 13,000 years. Archaeological excavations were conducted at 578 prehistoric sites prior to construction of the pipeline. The sites were distributed across four ecological regions, including (from west to east): the High Rock Country, Upper Lahontan Basin, Upper Humboldt Plains, and Thousand Springs Valley. First evidence of human occupation dates to the Paleoindian (14,500-12,800 cal b.p.) and Paleoarchaic (12,800-7800 cal b.p.) periods, when people spent most of their time in the High Rock Country where important economic resources reached their highest densities. Paleoindian findings are limited to a series of Great Basin Concave Base projectile points and small obsidian flaked stone concentrations. Paleoarchaic sites are much more common, and tend to be represented by Great Basin Stemmed projectile points, bifaces, and a limited number of other flaked stone tools. Most of these assemblages reflect small groups of hunters refurbishing their tool kits as they traveled through the area. An important exception to this pattern was found at Five Mile Flat along the west end of pluvial Lake Parman where two significant habitation sites dating to 11,180 cal b.p. were discovered. One of these sites includes a house floor, which is the oldest ever found in the Great Basin. Despite the warm-dry conditions that characterized much of the middle Holocene, it appears that human populations nearly doubled during the Post-Mazama Period (7800-5700 cal b.p.). Most activity remained concentrated in the High Rock Country, but evidence for occupatio Geschichte 12500 v.Chr.-5800 v.Chr. gnd rswk-swf Vor- und Frühgeschichte gnd rswk-swf Indigenes Volk (DE-588)4187207-1 gnd rswk-swf Archäologie (DE-588)4002827-6 gnd rswk-swf Nevada Nord (DE-588)4464277-5 gnd rswk-swf Indigenes Volk (DE-588)4187207-1 s Nevada Nord (DE-588)4464277-5 g Vor- und Frühgeschichte z DE-604 Archäologie (DE-588)4002827-6 s Geschichte 12500 v.Chr.-5800 v.Chr. z McGuire, Kelly R. Verfasser aut King, Jerome Verfasser aut Ruby, Allika Verfasser aut Young, D. Craig Verfasser aut Rhode, David 1956- Sonstige (DE-588)140663231 oth Anthropological papers of the American Museum of Natural History 101 (DE-604)BV002698678 101 http://hdl.handle.net/2246/6640 https://www.lib.uwo.ca/cgi-bin/ezpauthn.cgi?url=http://hdl.handle.net/2246/6640 Connect to Internet resource HEBIS Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029866425&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
spellingShingle | Hildebrandt, William R. McGuire, Kelly R. King, Jerome Ruby, Allika Young, D. Craig Prehistory of Nevada's Northern Tier archaeological investigations along the Ruby Pipeline Anthropological papers of the American Museum of Natural History Indigenes Volk (DE-588)4187207-1 gnd Archäologie (DE-588)4002827-6 gnd |
subject_GND | (DE-588)4187207-1 (DE-588)4002827-6 (DE-588)4464277-5 |
title | Prehistory of Nevada's Northern Tier archaeological investigations along the Ruby Pipeline |
title_auth | Prehistory of Nevada's Northern Tier archaeological investigations along the Ruby Pipeline |
title_exact_search | Prehistory of Nevada's Northern Tier archaeological investigations along the Ruby Pipeline |
title_full | Prehistory of Nevada's Northern Tier archaeological investigations along the Ruby Pipeline William Hildebrandt, Kelly McGuire, Jerome King, Allika Ruby, and D. Craig Young, Far Western Anthropological Research Group, Inc. ; with contributions by David Rhode [und 14 anderen] |
title_fullStr | Prehistory of Nevada's Northern Tier archaeological investigations along the Ruby Pipeline William Hildebrandt, Kelly McGuire, Jerome King, Allika Ruby, and D. Craig Young, Far Western Anthropological Research Group, Inc. ; with contributions by David Rhode [und 14 anderen] |
title_full_unstemmed | Prehistory of Nevada's Northern Tier archaeological investigations along the Ruby Pipeline William Hildebrandt, Kelly McGuire, Jerome King, Allika Ruby, and D. Craig Young, Far Western Anthropological Research Group, Inc. ; with contributions by David Rhode [und 14 anderen] |
title_short | Prehistory of Nevada's Northern Tier |
title_sort | prehistory of nevada s northern tier archaeological investigations along the ruby pipeline |
title_sub | archaeological investigations along the Ruby Pipeline |
topic | Indigenes Volk (DE-588)4187207-1 gnd Archäologie (DE-588)4002827-6 gnd |
topic_facet | Indigenes Volk Archäologie Nevada Nord |
url | http://hdl.handle.net/2246/6640 https://www.lib.uwo.ca/cgi-bin/ezpauthn.cgi?url=http://hdl.handle.net/2246/6640 http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029866425&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
volume_link | (DE-604)BV002698678 |
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