Pediatric otolaryngology: practical clinical management
Gespeichert in:
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
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Stuttgart ; New York ; Delhi ; Rio de Janeiro
Thieme
[2017]
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| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Klappentext |
| Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Beschreibung: | xxi, 393 Seiten 454 Illustrationen 27 mm x 19.5 mm |
| ISBN: | 9783131699015 3131699019 |
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MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Pediatric otolaryngology |b practical clinical management |c R.W. Clarke, BA, BSc, DCH, FRCS, FRCS (ORL), consultant pediatric otolaryngologist, Alder Hey Children’s Hospital; senior lecturer and associate dean, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK |
| 264 | 1 | |a Stuttgart ; New York ; Delhi ; Rio de Janeiro |b Thieme |c [2017] | |
| 300 | |a xxi, 393 Seiten |b 454 Illustrationen |c 27 mm x 19.5 mm | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a Includes bibliographical references and index | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Child | |
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| 700 | 1 | |a Clarke, Ray |0 (DE-588)1036118223 |4 edt |4 aut | |
| 776 | 0 | 8 | |i Erscheint auch als |n Online-Ausgabe |z 978-3-13-169911-4 |
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| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung UB Regensburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029859398&sequence=000002&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Klappentext |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804177780531789824 |
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| adam_text | Contents
Foreword...................................................xviii
Preface and Acknowledgments................................. xix
Contributors................................................. xx
Part I: General Considerations in Children’s ENT
1. Introduction to Pediatric Otolaryngology..................................... 2
R. W. Clarke
1.1 Introduction......................... 2 1.5 Organizing Otorhinolaryngology
Services for Children................. 4
1.2 Training and Accreditation............ 2 1.5.1 Hospitals and Clinics................... 4
1.3 History of Pediatric 1.5.2 Emergencies and Transport............. 5
Otorhinolaryngology................. 2
1.6 Key Points........................... 6
1.4 Ear, Nose, and Throat Societies........ 4
2. The Pediatric Consultation......... 7
R. W. Clarke
2.1 Introduction......................... 7 2.5 Promoting Child Health.............. 11
2.2 Setting Up........................... 7 2.6 Pediatric Medical Assessment......... 11
2.2.1 The Waiting Area...................... 7 2.6.1 Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorders. 11
2.2.2 The Clinic Room....................... 7 2.6.2 Autistic Spectrum Disorders............ 12
2.2.3 Support Staff......................... 8 2.6.3 Functional Disorders................... 14
2.2.4 Preparing for the Consultation.......... 9 2.7 Delivering Bad News................. 15
2.3 The Consultation..................... 9 2.8 Consent and Parental Responsibility... 16
2.3.1 The History........................... 9
2.3.2 Examination.......................... 9 2.9 Child Protection..................... 17
2.3.3 Investigations......................... 10
2.3.4 Management Plan..................... 10 2.10 Key Points........................... 17
2.4 Normal Growth, Development, and
Child Health Promotion.............. 11
3. Anesthesia and Perioperative Care 19
Frank A. Potter
3.1 Introduction......................... 19 3.2.2 Balanced Anesthesia................... 19
3.2 Anesthesia.......................... 19 3.3 Induction of Anesthesia.............. 21
3.2.1 Simple Anesthesia..................... 19 3.3.1 Intravenous Induction................. 21
VII
Contents
3.3.2 Inhaiational induction................. 21 3.7 Analgesia............................ 25
3.4 Methods of Control of the Airway..... 22 3.8 Anesthesia for Common Pediatric ENT
Procedures.......................... 26
3.4.1 Face Mask............................ 22
3.4.2 Oropharyngeal and Nasopharyngeal 3.8.1 Myringotomy and Grommets........... 26
Airways.............................. 22 3.8.2 Adenoidectomy....................... 27
3.4.3 The Laryngeal Mask Airway............. 22 3.8.3 Tonsillectomy......................... 27
3.4.4 Endotracheal Tubes.................... 23 3.8.4 Anesthesia for Airway Problems in Infants 29
3.4.5 Cuffed or Uncuffed Endotracheal Tube?... 23 3.8.5 Tracheostomy in Infants................ 30
3.5 Muscle Relaxation (Paralysis) during 3.9 Anesthesia in Children with Specific
Anesthesia and Reversal.............. 24 Syndromes or Disabilities............. 31
3.5.1 Paralysis............................. 24 3.10 Key Points........................... 31
3.5.2 Reversal.............................. 24
3.6 Duration of Surgery.................. 25
4. Pediatric Ear, Nose, and Throat Emergencies. 33
Ann-Louise McDermott
4.1 Introduction......................... 33 4.4.2 Management of Acute Sinusitis.......... 38
4.4.3 Complications of Sinusitis.............. 39
4.2 Foreign Bodies....................... 33 4.5 Nasal Trauma........................ 41
4.2.1 Foreign Bodies in the Ear............... 33
4.2.2 Foreign Bodies in the Nose.............. 34 4.6 Neck Abscesses...................... 41
4.3 Epistaxis............................ 37 4.6.1 Superficial Cervical Lymphadenopathy... 41
4.6.2 Deep Neck-Space Infections............. 41
4.3.1 Presentation.......................... 37 4.6.3 Lemierre’s Syndrome.................. 42
4.3.2 Management......................... 37 4.6.4 Peritonsillar Abscess (Quinsy)........... 43
4.6.5 Retropharyngeal Abscess............... 43
4.4 Sinusitis and Its Complications........ 38 4.7 Key Points........................... 44
4.4.1 Presentation.......................... 38
5. The Child with Special Needs .... 46
Patrick Sheehan
5.1 Introduction......................... 46 5.3.3 Sinuses and Nasal Diseases............. 51
5.2 The Ear, Nose, and Throat Consultation 46 5.4 The Airway in the Child with
Special Needs........................ 52
5.2.1 General Considerations................ 46
5.2.2 The History........................... 47 5.4.1 Tonsils and Adenoids.................. 52
5.2.3 Examination.......................... 48 5.4.2 Other Airway Conditions............... 53
5.4.3 Tracheostomy......................... 53
5.3 Otological Conditions................ 51 5.5 Key Points........................... 53
5.3.1 Otitis Media.......................... 51
5.3.2 Hearing Impairment................... 51
VIII
Contents
Part II: The Ear
6. Disorders of the External Ear.................................................. 56
Hilko Weerda
6.1 introduction......................... 56 6.4.1 Penetrating Trauma................. 59
6.4.2 Chemical Burns................... 59
6.2 Applied Clinical Anatomy and 6.4.3 Thermal Injuries (Burns)........... 60
Development........................ 56 6.4.4 Otohematoma and Otoseroma....... 60
6.4.5 Partial and Total Avulsion........... 61
6.3 Acquired Disorders of the External Ear 57 6.5 Congenital Disorders of the
6.3.1 Furuncle (Otitis Externa Circumscripta) .. 57 External Ear..................... 62
6.3.2 Swimmer’s Ear (Otitis Externa Diffusa)... 57
6.3.3 Eczematous Otitis..................... 58 6.5.1 Auricular Appendages............. 62
6.3.4 Bullous Myringitis (Otitis Externa Bullosa 6.5.2 Fistulas and Sinuses............... 63
Hemorrhagica)........................ 58 6.5.3 Auricular Dysplasias............... 63
6.3.5 Erysipelas (Auricular Cellulitis).......... 58
6.3.6 Chronic External Otitis................. 59 6.6 Key Points....................... 75
6.3.7 Perichondritis........................ 59
6.4 Trauma.............................. 59
7. Acute Otitis Media.............................................................................. 78
William P. L Hellier
7.1 Introduction......................... 78 7.6.3 Diagnostic Uncertainty................. 82
7.2 Definitions and Classification of 7.7 Treatment........................... 83
Otitis Media......................... 78
7.7.1 Analgesia and Symptom Control......... 83
7.2.1 Acute Otitis Media..................... 78 7.7.2 Antimicrobial Therapy................. 83
7.2.2 Recurrent Acute Otitis Media........... 78 7.7.3 Choice of Antibiotic.................... 84
7.2.3 Otitis Media with Effusion.............. 79 7.8 Treatment Failure.................... 84
7.3 Epidemiology, Prevalence, and
Risk Factors.......................... 79 7.8.1 Antimicrobial Therapy Modification..... 84
7.8.2 Surgery .............................. 85
7.3.1 Gender and Age....................... 79
7.3.2 Geographical and Ethnic Factors......... 79 7.9 Recurrent Acute Otitis Media......... 85
7.3.3 Environmental Factors................. 79
7.3.4 Anatomical Factors and Comorbidity..... 80 7.9.1 Definition............................ 85
7.9.2 Management......................... 85
7.4 Pathophysiology of Acute Otitis Media 80 7.10 Complications of Acute Otitis Media... 86
7.4.1 Eustachian Tube Function............... 80
7.4.2 Immune Response..................... 80 7.10.1 Extracranial Complications............. 87
7.4.3 Bacterial or Viral Load.................. 81 7.10.2 Intracranial Complications.............. 91
7.5 Flora................................ 81 7.11 Acute Otitis Media and Chronic
Suppurative Otitis Media............. 92
7.6 Clinical Features ..................... 81 7.12 Key Points........................... 93
7.6.1 Symptoms and Signs................... 81
7.6.2 Otoscopie Findings.................... 81
Contents
8. Otitis Media with Effusion.................................................................... 95
Marie Gisselsson Solen
8.1 Introduction.............................. 95
8.2 Epidemiology and Prevalence............... 95
8.3 Etiology and Risk Factors................. 95
8.3.1 Etiology.................................. 95
8.3.2 Risk Factors.............................. 95
8.4 Clinical Presentation..................... 96
8.5 Clinical Findings......................... 96
8.6 Natural History........................... 98
8.7 Management............................ 98
8.7.1 Expectant Treatment.................. 98
8.7.2 Medical Treatment.................... 98
8.7.3 Mechanical Treatment................. 99
8.7.4 Hearing Aids......................... 99
8.7.5 Surgery.............................. 99
8.7.6 Surgical Technique.................. 100
8.7.7 Treatment Recommendations........... 100
8.8 Key Points........................... 102
9.
9.1
9.2
9.2.1
9.2.2
9.2.3
9.2.4
9.3
9.4
9.4.1
9.4.2
10.
10.1
10.2
10.2.1
10.2.2
10.2.3
10.2.4
10.3
10.3.1
10.3.2
Disorders of the Middle Ear.......................................................... 104
Gavin A. J. Morrison
Introduction.........................
Perforation..........................
Prevalence and Classification........
Pathophysiology and Flora............
Clinical Features of Tympanic Membrane
Perforation..........................
Management of Tympanic Membrane
Perforations.........................
Tubercular Otitis Media..............
Retraction Pockets...................
Classification and Natural History...
Management of Attic Retraction.......
Cholesteatoma........................
Gavin A. ]. Morrison
Introduction.........................
Classification.......................
Congenital Cholesteatoma.............
Primary Acquired Cholesteatoma.......
Secondary Acquired Cholesteatoma.....
Presentation, Early Management, and
Imaging..............................
Treatment of Cholesteatoma...........
Aim of Treatment.....................
Choice of Approach...................
104 9.5 Congenital Disorders of the Middle Ear 114
104 9.5.1 Atresia and Congenital Ossicular Fixation . 114
9.5.2 The Facial Nerve......................... 115
104 9.5.3 Vascular Anomalies in the Middle Ear .... 116
104
9.6 Other Conditions Affecting the
105 Middle Ear............................... 116
105 9.6.1 Otosclerosis............................. 116
9.6.2 Temporal Bone Fracture................... 116
108 9.6.3 Histiocytosis X.......................... 116
9.6.4 Malignant Disease of the Ear............. 117
108
9.7 Key Points.............................. 117
108
110
119
119 10.3.3 Surgical Technique.................... 121
10.3.4 Cavity Reconstruction............... 122
119
10.4 Long-Term Management: Follow-Up .. 122
119
119 10.4.1 “Second-Look” Surgery................. 122
119 10.4.2 Imaging............................... 123
119 10.5 Surgical Outcomes..................... 123
120 10.6 Tips for Cholesteatoma Surgery...... 124
120 10.7 Key Points............................ 124
120
Contents
11. Disorders of Balance............................................................... 126
Gundula Thiel
11.1 Introduction......................... 126 11.3.3 Investigations......................... 133
11.2 Physiology of Balance in Children..... 126 11.4 Differential Diagnosis and
Management........................ 133
11.2.1 Maturation and Development........... 126
11.2.2 Vestibular Reflexes.................... 128 11.4.1 Balance Disorders with Normal Hearing .. 134
11.4.2 Balance Disorders with Hearing
11.3 Clinical Presentation................. 128 Impairment.......................... 136
11.3.1 History.............................. 129 11.5 Key Points........................... 137
11.3.2 Examination.......................... 130
12. Facial Palsy Reconstruction in Children 139
Amir Sadri and Adel Y. Fattah
12.1 Introduction......................... 139 12.5.2 Documenting the Severity of Facial Palsy:
Grading Systems, Standardized
12.2 Anatomy of the Facial Nerve.......... 139 Photography and Patient-Reported
Outcome Measures.................... 147
12.3 Central Course....................... 139 12.6 Investigations....................... 147
12.3.1 The Facial Motor Nerve................. 139
12.3.2 Intratemporal Course.................. 140 12.6.1 Diagnostic............................ 147
12.3.3 Branches of the Nervus Intermedius..... 141 12.6.2 Prognostic............................ 149
12.3.4 The Facial Motor Nerve in the Face....... 141 12.7 Treatment........................... 150
12.4 Classification of Facial Palsy........... 142 12.7.1 Supportive Management............... 150
12.4.1 Congenital........................... 142 12.7.2 Medical Management.................. 150
12.4.2 Acquired............................. 143 12.7.3 Reconstructive Management............ 150
12.5 History and Examination............. 145 12.8 Key Points........................... 152
12.5.1 Secondary Features: Synkinesis, Spasm, 147
and Contracture.......................
Part III: The Hearing Impaired Child
13. Introduction, Detection, and Early Management................................... 156
An N. Boudewyns and Frank Declau
13.1 Introduction......................... 156 13.3.2 Environmental Causes of Permanent
Childhood Hearing Impairment......... 159
13.2 Epidemiology and Prevalence......... 156 13.4 Risk Factors for Hearing Loss.......... 162
13.3 Etiology............................. 156 13.5 identification of Hearing Loss......... 162
13.3.1 Genetic Causes of Permanent Childhood
Hearing Impairment................... 156 13.5.1 Neonatal Hearing Screening............ 163
Contents
13.5.2 Screening Strategies................... 163 13.8 Measures to Prevent Hearing
Deterioration........................ 174
13.6 Diagnostic and Etiological Work-Up
Following Referral from Screening---- 164 13.8.1 Noise Trauma......................... 174
13.8.2 Specific Preventive Measures........... 175
13.6.1 Audiological Assessment............... 164
13.6.2 Etiological Assessment................. 169 13.9 Key Points........................... 175
13.7 Rehabilitation and Hearing Aids....... 174
14. Nonsurgica! Management of the Child with Hearing Loss......................... 178
Priya Singh and Josephine Marriage
14.1 Introduction......................... 178 14.4.7 Auditory Oversensitivity or Hyperacusis
and Tinnitus.......................... 188
14.2 What Is the Impact of Hearing Loss for
Children?............................ 178 14.5 Fitting of Hearing Aids............... 188
14.3 Diagnosis of Acquired Hearing Loss ... 179 14.5.1 Principles of Amplification with Hearing Aids 188
14.5.2 Hearing Aids for Conductive Hearing Loss. 189
14.3.1 Objective Hearing Assessment in the Early 14.5.3 Constraints of Hearing Aids............. 191
Months of Life........................ 179 14.5.4 Assistive Listening Device Options for
14.3.2 Behavioral Hearing Tests............... 180 Children............................. 191
14.3.3 Measuring Middle Ear Function......... 184 14.5.5 Family-Centered Management.......... 191
14.4 Types of Hearing Loss................ 185 14.6 Hyperacusis and Tinnitus............. 192
14.4.1 Conductive Hearing Loss............... 185 14.7 Outcomes for Hearing-Impaired
14.4.2 Sensorineural Hearing Loss............. 185 Children............................. 192
14.4.3 Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder . 186
14.4.4 Mixed Hearing Loss.................... 186 14.8 Key Points........................... 193
14.4.5 Unilateral Hearing Loss: A Special Case... 187
14.4.6 Nonorganic Hearing Loss............... 187
15. Surgical Management of the Hearing-Impaired Child.............................. 195
Christopher H. Raine and Jane M. Martin
15.1 Introduction......................... 195 15.3.2 Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Compatibility......................... 203
15.2 Bone Conduction Hearing Devices..... 195
15.4 Severe-to-Profound Sensorineural
15.2.1 Physiology of Hearing through Bone Hearing Loss......................... 204
Conduction........................... 195
15.2.2 Clinical Indications for Bone Conduction 15.4.1 Cochlear Implants..................... 204
Hearing Device....................... 196 15.4.2 Cochlear Implantation................. 204
15.2.3 Selection of Children................... 196 15.4.3 Bilateral Cochlear Implantation.......... 206
15.2.4 Percutaneous Devices.................. 197 15.4.4 Unilateral Cochlear Implantation........ 206
15.2.5 Transcutaneous Devices................ 198 15.4.5 Children with Complex Needs........... 207
15.4.6 Auditory Brainstem Implants........... 207
15.3 Active Middle Ear Implants........... 201
15.5 Key Points........................... 207
15.3.1 Vibrant Soundbridge................... 201
xiî
Contents
Part IV: The Nose and Sinus
16. Nasal Obstruction in Children
Michelle Wyatt
210
16.1 Introduction............................. 210
16.2 Etiology of Pediatric Nasal Obstruction 210
16.3 Congenital Anomalies..................... 210
16.3.1 Skeletal................................. 210
16.3.2 Nasal Masses............................. 213
17. Pediatric Rhinitis and Rhinosinusitis
WytskeJ. Fokkens and Fuad M. Baroody
17.1 Introduction.............................. 220
17.2 Development of the Paranasal Sinuses 220
17.2.1 Ethmoid Sinus............................. 220
17.2.2 Maxillary Sinus........................... 220
17.2.3 The Frontal and Sphenoid Sinuses........ 220
17.3 Definition and Classification of Disease 220
17.4 Acute Rhinosinusitis...................... 221
17.4.1 Incidence of Acute Rhinosinusitis in
Children.................................. 221
17.4.2 Definition and Diagnosis of Acute
Rhinosinusitis in Children................ 221
17.4.3 Differential Diagnosis.................... 222
17.4.4 Pathogenesis of Acute Rhinosinusitis.... 222
17.4.5 The Diagnostic Work-Up..................... 224
17.4.6 Treatment of Acute Rhinosinusitis in
Children................................... 224
17.4.7 Complications of Acute Rhinosinusitis.... 226
17.5 Chronic Rhinosinusitis in Children....... 229
17.5.1 Classification and Diagnosis............... 229
16.4 Acquired Disorders....................... 216
16.4.1 Infective/Inflammatory................... 216
16.4.2 Traumatic................................ 216
16.4.3 Neoplastic............................... 217
16.5 Key Points............................... 219
220
17.5.2 Prevalence of Chronic Rhinosinusitis in
Children................................... 229
17.5.3 Pediatric Chronic Rhinosinusitis and
Quality of Life............................ 229
17.5.4 Pathogenesis of Chronic Rhinosinusitis in
Children................................... 229
17.5.5 Diagnostic Work-Up for Chronic
Rhinosinusitis............................. 231
17.5.6 Management of Pediatric Chronic
Rhinosinusitis............................. 234
17.6 Allergic Rhinitis.......................... 237
17.6.1 Prevalence of Allergic Rhinitis............ 237
17.6.2 Quality of Life............................ 237
17.6.3 Classification............................. 238
17.6.4 Pathogenesis of Allergic Rhinitis........... 238
17.6.5 Diagnosis and Clinical Evaluation.......... 239
17.6.6 Comorbid Conditions and Allergic Rhinitis 240
17.6.7 Treatment of Allergic Rhinoconjunctivitis
in Children................................ 241
17.7 Key Points................................. 242
Part V: The Airway
18. Tongue, Floor of Mouth, Adenoids, and Tonsils
Sujata De
246
18.1 Introduction..............
18.2 Tongue-Tie (Ankyloglossia)
246 18.2.1 Definition and Prevalence........ ...... 246
18.2.2 Effects......................... ...... 246
246 18.2.3 Management................... ...... 246
xiii
Contents
18.3 Macroglossia........................ 247 18.5 Adenoids and Tonsils................. 248
18.3.1 Definition and Classification............ 247 18.5.1 Applied Physiology.................... 248
18.3.2 Management......................... 247 18.5.2 Acute Tonsillitis....................... 249
18.5.3 Adenotonsillectomy................... 249
18.4 Ranula.............................. 247
18.6 Key Points........................... 255
18.4.1 Etiology and Presentation.............. 247
18.4.2 Management......................... 248
19. Obstructive Sleep Apnea......... 258
Ari DeRowe
19.1 Introduction......................... 258 19.8.4 Adenotonsillectomy................... 264
19.8.5 Mandibular/Maxillary Advancement..... 265
19.2 Epidemiology and Prevalence......... 258 19.8.6 Intranasal Surgery..................... 265
19.8.7 Hyoid/Tongue Suspension.............. 265
19.3 Physiology of Normal Sleep........... 258 19.8.8 Tracheostomy......................... 266
19.4 Pathophysiology of Obstructive Sleep 19.9 Comorbidity and Specific Conditions in
Apnea............................... 259 Pediatric OSA........................ 266
19.5 Effects of Obstructive Sleep Apnea____ 259 19.9.1 Congenital Anatomical Anomalies....... 266
19.9.2 Down’s Syndrome..................... 267
19.5.1 Metabolic............................ 259 19.9.3 Head and Neck Neoplasm.............. 267
19.5.2 Increased Health Care Utilization........ 259 19.9.4 Obesity.............................. 267
19.5.3 Neurobehavioral Deficits............... 259 19.9.5 Neonatal Nasal Obstruction............. 267
19.5.4 Cardiovascular Dysfunction............. 259 19.9.6 Neurologic Conditions................. 267
19.5.5 Growth Retardation................... 260
19.5.6 Decreased Quality of Life............... 260 19.10 Perioperative Management of Children
with OSA............................ 268
19.6 Clinical Presentation................. 260
19.11 Complications of Adenotonsillectomy. 268
19.6.1 The History........................... 260
19.6.2 Physical Examination.................. 260 19.11.1 Bleeding............................. 268
19.11.2 Infection............................. 268
19.7 Investigation and Diagnosis........... 261 19.11.3 Dehydration.......................... 268
19.11.4 Postobstructive Pulmonary Edema....... 268
19.7.1 Sleep Studies......................... 261 19.11.5 Tonsil Regrowth....................... 269
19.7.2 Imaging for Obstructive Sleep Apnea..... 262 19.11.6 Velopharyngeal Insufficiency........... 269
19.7.3 Sleep Endoscopy...................... 263
19.12 Postoperative Monitoring and
19.8 Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Treatment........................... 269
in Children.......................... 263
19.13 Pain Management................... 269
19.8.1 Medical Treatment.................... 263
19.8.2 Noninvasive Ventilation................ 263 19.14 Key Points........................... 270
19.8.3 Oxygen The rapy....................... 264
20. Airway Obstruction in Children. 272
Adam J. Donne and Michael P. Rothera
20.1 Introduction......................... 272 20.2.1 Resistance to Airflow.................. 272
20.2.2 Laminar and Turbulent Flow............ 272
20.2 Physics of Airway Obstruction........ 272 20.2.3 The Bernoulli Principle................. 273
XIV
Contents
20.3 Assessment of the Airway............ 274 20.3.5 Imaging the Airway.................... 280
20.3.1 Clinical Assessment by History.......... 274 20.4 Transfer of Acute Airway Child........ 280
20.3.2 Clinical Assessment by Examination..... 275
20.3.3 Airway Endoscopic Assessment......... 276 20.5 Tracheostomy....................... 280
20.3.4 Combined Flexible and Rigid Airway 279 20.6 Key Points........................... 280
Endoscopy...........................
21. Congenital Disorders of the Larynx, Trachea, and Bronchi......................... 281
Daniel Tweedie and Benjamin Hartley
21.1 Introduction......................... 281 21.5.1 Supraglottis.......................... 285
21.5.2 Glottis............................... 290
21.2 Applied Basic Science................. 281 21.5.3 Subglottis............................ 292
21.5.4 Trachea and Bronchi................... 296
21.3 Embryology......................... 281 21.6 Key Points........................... 302
21.4 Clinical Anatomy..................... 282
21.5 Clinical Manifestations of Airway
Pathology........................... 285
22. Acquired Disorders of the Larynx, Trachea, and Bronchi........................... 303
Michael Saunders and R. W. Clarke
22.1 Introduction......................... 303 22.3.1 Mechanisms of Injury to the Larynx and
Trachea .............................. 307
22.2 Infection............................ 303 22.3.2 Site of Injury.......................... 311
22.3.3 Clinical Problems in Acquired Stenosis of
22.2.1 Historical Perspective.................. 303 the Larynx and Trachea ................ 312
22.2.2 Acute Epiglottitis...................... 304 22.3.4 Assessment of Airway Stenosis.......... 312
22.2.3 Croup or Viral Acute 22.3.5 Treatment of Airway Stenosis........... 313
Laryngotracheobronchitis.............. 304
22.2.4 Bacterial Tracheitis (Pseudomembranous 22.4 Acquired Disorders of the Vocal Fold .. 318
Croup)............................... 305
22.2.5 Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis____ 305 22.4.1 Vocal Cord Palsy...................... 318
22.4.2 Mucosal Lesions of the Vocal Folds....... 319
22.3 Injury and Stenosis of the Larynx and 307 22.5 Key Points........................... 319
Upper Trachea.......................
23. Tracheostomy.................... 321
R. W. Clarke
23.1 Introduction......................... 321 23.8 Complications....................... 324
23.2 Indications.......................... 321 23.9 Tracheostomy Tubes................. 327
23.3 Emergency Tracheotomy............. 321 23.10 Home Care.......................... 328
23.4 Preoperative Planning................ 322 23.11 Decannulation....................... 328
23.5 Special Considerations in Children____ 322 23.12 Tracheocutaneous Fistula............. 329
23.6 Technique ........................... 322 23.13 Key Points........................... 329
23.7 Postoperative Care................... 324
XV
Contents
Part VI: Head and Neck
24. Neck Masses in Children: Congenital Neck Disease................................. , 332
Fiona B. MacGregor
24.1 Introduction......................... 332 24.4.1 Hemangiomas........................ . 337
24.4.2 Vascular Malformations................ . 338
24.1.1 Development of the Pharyngeal Arches... 332
24.5 Venous Malformations............... . 339
24.2 Congenital Meek Masses.............. 332
24.6 Teratomas........................... . 340
24.2.1 Dermoid Cysts in the Neck.............. 332
24.2.2 Thyroglossal Duct Cyst................. 333 24.6.1 Presentation.......................... . 340
24.6.2 Investigations......................... . 340
24.3 Pharyngeal Arch Disorders........... 334 24.6.3 Management......................... . 341
24.3.1 First Pharyngeal Arch Anomalies........ 334 24.7 Hamartomas........................ . 341
24.3.2 Second Pharyngeal (Branchial) Arch
Anomalies............................ 335 24.8 Fibromatosis Colli................... . 341
24.3.3 Third and Fourth Arch Anomalies........ 336
24.9 Key Points.......................... . 341
24.4 Vascular Malformations and
Hemangiomas....................... 337
25. Neck Masses in Children: Acquired Neck Masses.................................. . 342
Haytham Kubba
25.1 Introduction......................... 342 25.3 Neck Masses in Children Who Are
Systemically Well................... . 347
25.2 Neck Masses in Children Who Are
Acutely Unwell...................... 342 25.3.1 Clinical Assessment................... . 347
25.3.2 Infective Causes...................... . 348
25.2.1 Clinical Assessment.................... 342 25.3.3 Noninfective Inflammatory Conditions.. . 350
25.2.2 Acute Lymphadenitis.................. 343 25.3.4 Tumors............................. . 351
25.2.3 Deep Neck-Space Infection............. 343
25.2.4 Noninfective Inflammatory Conditions... 345 25.4 Key Points.......................... . 354
26. Salivary Gland Disorders in Childhood. . 355
Michael Gleeson
26.1 Introduction......................... 355 26.3.3 Pediatric Salivary Gland Tumors........ . 359
26.2 Congenital Disorders................. 355 26.4 Pediatric Parotidectomy............. . 360
26.2.1 Anatomical Anomalies................. 355 26.5 Sialorrhea (Drooling)................ . 361
26.2.2 Congenital Tumors and Hamartomas..... 355
26.2.3 Pharyngeal (Branchial) Arch Anomalies... 357 26.5.1 Multidisciplinary Management......... . 361
26.2.4 Parotitis in Cystic Fibrosis.............. 357 26.5.2 Pharmacotherapy.................... . 361
26.5.3 Surgical Management................. . 362
26.3 Acquired Salivary Gland Disorders..... 357
26.6 Key Points.......................... . 363
26.3.1 Salivary Gland Trauma................. 357
26.3.2 Inflammatory Disorders................ 358
xvi
Contents
27. Ear, Nose, and Throat Problems ir 1 Cleft Lip and Palate............................. 364
Ravi K. Sharma and Simon van Eeden
27.1 Introduction......................... 364 27.5.2 Alveolar Bone Grafting................. 368
27.2 Incidence............................ 364 27.6 ENT Problems in Cleft Lip and Palate . . 368
27.3 Etiology............................. 364 27.6.1 Otitis Media with Effusion.............. 368
27.6.2 Tympanic Membrane Retraction and
27.4 Diagnosis............................ 364 Cholesteatoma........................ 370
27.6.3 Nasal Deformity....................... 370
27.4.1 Antenatal Diagnosis................... 364 27.6.4 Airway Disorders...................... 371
27.4.2 Diagnosis and Counseling at Birth....... 365
27.7 Submucosal Cleft Palate.............. 372
27.5 Surgical Management of Cleft Lip and
Palate............................... 366 27.8 Key Points........................... 372
27.5.1 Palate Repair......................... 367
28. Disorders of the Esophagus and Gastroesophageal Reflux......................... 374
Marcus K. H. Auth and Balaji Krishnamurthy
28.1 Introduction......................... 374 28.3.3 Gastroesophageal Reflux............... 378
28.3.4 Barrett’s Esophagus.................... 379
28.2 Congenital Disorders................. 374 28.3.5 Eosinophilic Esophagitis................ 379
28.3.6 Esophageal Foreign Body............... 380
28.2.1 Tracheoesophageal Fistula.............. 374 28.3.7 Infections............................ 380
28.2.2 Esophageal Strictures, Web, and Rings.... 375 28.3.8 Dysphagia and Regurgitation............ 380
28.3.9 Esophageal Motility Disorders in Children 381
28.3 Acquired Esophageal Disorders....... 375 28.3.10 Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding......... 382
28.3.1 Esophageal Strictures.................. 375 28.4 Key Points........................... 382
28.3.2 Caustic Esophageal Damage............. 376
Appendix: Strength of Clinical Evidence.............................. 383
Index
385
Ear, nose, and throat diseases present and progress very differently in children than in adults,
needing different diagnostic and treatment strategies. Training in the subspecialty of pediatric
otolaryngology is often part of a general ENT program and not a program in itself. As such, the
general otolaryngologist may be insufficiently prepared to handle certain pediatric cases.
R. W. Clarke’s Pediatric Otolaryngology: Practical Clinical Management aims to provide the pediatric
ENT resident or fellow, as well as the general ENT practitioner, with sound clinical guidance on
ENT pathologies as they affect the pediatric population.
Key Features:
• Fully describes the characteristics of ENT diseases in children, as opposed to only describing
how the disorders differ from their presentations in adults
• International cast of expert contributors
• Practice based, for the clinician
• Comprehensive accounts of hearing loss in children, often poorly covered in standard texts
• Text boxes orient the reader to “danger signs,” “top tips” in surgery, advice regarding potential
complications, situations that need urgent referral, and medicolegal pitfalls
Pediatric Otolaryngology is an essential reference of this important subspecialty for ENT doctors in
practice, as well as in preparation for board examinations.
R. W. Clarke, BA, BSc, DCH, FRCS, FRCS (ORL), is Consultant Pediatric Otolaryngologist at Alder
Hey Children’s Hospital, and Senior Lecturer and Associate Dean at the University of Liverpool,
Liverpool, UK.
An award-winning international medical and scientific publisher, has demonstrated its
commitment to the highest standard of quality in the state-of-the-art content and presentation of
all its products. Founded in 1886, the Thieme name has become synonymous with high quality and
excellence in online and print publishing.
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| dewey-tens | 610 - Medicine and health |
| discipline | Medizin |
| format | Book |
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| spelling | Pediatric otolaryngology practical clinical management R.W. Clarke, BA, BSc, DCH, FRCS, FRCS (ORL), consultant pediatric otolaryngologist, Alder Hey Children’s Hospital; senior lecturer and associate dean, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK Stuttgart ; New York ; Delhi ; Rio de Janeiro Thieme [2017] xxi, 393 Seiten 454 Illustrationen 27 mm x 19.5 mm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Includes bibliographical references and index Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases Child Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Krankheit (DE-588)4023089-2 gnd rswk-swf Kind (DE-588)4030550-8 gnd rswk-swf Kind (DE-588)4030550-8 s Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Krankheit (DE-588)4023089-2 s DE-604 Clarke, Ray (DE-588)1036118223 edt aut Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-3-13-169911-4 Digitalisierung UB Regensburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029859398&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung UB Regensburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029859398&sequence=000002&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext |
| spellingShingle | Clarke, Ray Pediatric otolaryngology practical clinical management Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases Child Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Krankheit (DE-588)4023089-2 gnd Kind (DE-588)4030550-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4023089-2 (DE-588)4030550-8 |
| title | Pediatric otolaryngology practical clinical management |
| title_auth | Pediatric otolaryngology practical clinical management |
| title_exact_search | Pediatric otolaryngology practical clinical management |
| title_full | Pediatric otolaryngology practical clinical management R.W. Clarke, BA, BSc, DCH, FRCS, FRCS (ORL), consultant pediatric otolaryngologist, Alder Hey Children’s Hospital; senior lecturer and associate dean, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK |
| title_fullStr | Pediatric otolaryngology practical clinical management R.W. Clarke, BA, BSc, DCH, FRCS, FRCS (ORL), consultant pediatric otolaryngologist, Alder Hey Children’s Hospital; senior lecturer and associate dean, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pediatric otolaryngology practical clinical management R.W. Clarke, BA, BSc, DCH, FRCS, FRCS (ORL), consultant pediatric otolaryngologist, Alder Hey Children’s Hospital; senior lecturer and associate dean, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK |
| title_short | Pediatric otolaryngology |
| title_sort | pediatric otolaryngology practical clinical management |
| title_sub | practical clinical management |
| topic | Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases Child Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Krankheit (DE-588)4023089-2 gnd Kind (DE-588)4030550-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases Child Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Krankheit Kind |
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