Sunlight and Shade in the First Cities: A sensory archaeology of early Iraq
The emergence of urbanism in Iraq occurred under the distinctive climatic conditions of the Mesopotamian plain; rainy winters and extremely hot summers profoundly affected the formation and development of these early cities. Sunlight and Shade in the First Cities explores the relationship between so...
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Elektronisch E-Book |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Göttingen
Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht
2017
|
| Ausgabe: | 1. Aufl |
| Schriftenreihe: | Mundus Orientis
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | DE-898 DE-473 DE-1052 DE-860 DE-M483 DE-1949 DE-Aug4 Volltext |
| Zusammenfassung: | The emergence of urbanism in Iraq occurred under the distinctive climatic conditions of the Mesopotamian plain; rainy winters and extremely hot summers profoundly affected the formation and development of these early cities. Sunlight and Shade in the First Cities explores the relationship between society, culture and lived experience through the way in which sunlight was manipulated in the urban built environment. Light is approached as both a physical phenomenon, which affects comfort and the practical usability of space, and as a symbolic phenomenon rich in social and religious meaning. Through the reconstruction of ancient urban light environments, to the extent possible from the archaeological remains, the location, timing and meaning of activities within early Mesopotamian cities become accessible. Sunlight is shown to have influenced the formation and symbolism of urban architecture and shaped the sensory experience of urban life.From cities as part of the sunlit landscape, this work progresses to consider city forms as a whole and then to the examination of architectural types; residential, sacred and palatial. Architectural analysis is complemented by analysis of contemporary textual sources, along with iconographic and artefactual evidence. The cities under detailed examination are limited to those on the Mesopotamian plain, focusing on the Early Dynastic periods up to the end of the second millennium BC.This volume demonstrates the utility of light as a tool with which to analyse, not just ancient Mesopotamian settlements, but the built environment of any past society, especially where provision of, or protection from sunlight critically affects life. The active influence of sunlight is demonstrated within Mesopotamian cities at every scale of analysis |
| Beschreibung: | 1 Online-Ressource (263 Seiten) Ill 155 x 232 mm |
| DOI: | 10.13109/9783666540530 |
Internformat
MARC
| LEADER | 00000nmm a2200000zc 4500 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 001 | BV044456068 | ||
| 003 | DE-604 | ||
| 007 | cr|uuu---uuuuu | ||
| 008 | 170822s2017 |||| o||u| ||||||eng d | ||
| 024 | 7 | |a 10.13109/9783666540530 |2 doi | |
| 035 | |a (ZDB-117-VRE)vandP1041333 | ||
| 035 | |a (OCoLC)985990384 | ||
| 035 | |a (DE-599)BVBBV044456068 | ||
| 040 | |a DE-604 |b ger |e aacr | ||
| 041 | 0 | |a eng | |
| 049 | |a DE-473 |a DE-1052 |a DE-860 |a DE-M483 |a DE-1949 |a DE-898 |a DE-Aug4 | ||
| 084 | |a NG 4040 |0 (DE-625)125432:13125 |2 rvk | ||
| 100 | 1 | |a Shepperson, Mary |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Sunlight and Shade in the First Cities |b A sensory archaeology of early Iraq |
| 250 | |a 1. Aufl | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Göttingen |b Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht |c 2017 | |
| 300 | |a 1 Online-Ressource (263 Seiten) |b Ill |c 155 x 232 mm | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b c |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b cr |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 490 | 0 | |a Mundus Orientis | |
| 520 | |a The emergence of urbanism in Iraq occurred under the distinctive climatic conditions of the Mesopotamian plain; rainy winters and extremely hot summers profoundly affected the formation and development of these early cities. Sunlight and Shade in the First Cities explores the relationship between society, culture and lived experience through the way in which sunlight was manipulated in the urban built environment. Light is approached as both a physical phenomenon, which affects comfort and the practical usability of space, and as a symbolic phenomenon rich in social and religious meaning. Through the reconstruction of ancient urban light environments, to the extent possible from the archaeological remains, the location, timing and meaning of activities within early Mesopotamian cities become accessible. Sunlight is shown to have influenced the formation and symbolism of urban architecture and shaped the sensory experience of urban life.From cities as part of the sunlit landscape, this work progresses to consider city forms as a whole and then to the examination of architectural types; residential, sacred and palatial. Architectural analysis is complemented by analysis of contemporary textual sources, along with iconographic and artefactual evidence. The cities under detailed examination are limited to those on the Mesopotamian plain, focusing on the Early Dynastic periods up to the end of the second millennium BC.This volume demonstrates the utility of light as a tool with which to analyse, not just ancient Mesopotamian settlements, but the built environment of any past society, especially where provision of, or protection from sunlight critically affects life. The active influence of sunlight is demonstrated within Mesopotamian cities at every scale of analysis | ||
| 648 | 7 | |a Geschichte 9000 v. Chr.-4000 v. Chr. |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Städtebau |0 (DE-588)4056795-3 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Schatten |0 (DE-588)4052097-3 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Licht |0 (DE-588)4035596-2 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 651 | 7 | |a Mesopotamien |0 (DE-588)4038788-4 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Mesopotamien |0 (DE-588)4038788-4 |D g |
| 689 | 0 | 1 | |a Licht |0 (DE-588)4035596-2 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 2 | |a Schatten |0 (DE-588)4052097-3 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 3 | |a Städtebau |0 (DE-588)4056795-3 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 4 | |a Geschichte 9000 v. Chr.-4000 v. Chr. |A z |
| 689 | 0 | |8 1\p |5 DE-604 | |
| 776 | 0 | 8 | |i Erscheint auch als |n Druck-Ausgabe |z 978-3-525-54053-4 |
| 856 | 4 | 0 | |u https://doi.org/10.13109/9783666540530 |x Verlag |z URL des Erstveröffentlichers |3 Volltext |
| 883 | 1 | |8 1\p |a cgwrk |d 20201028 |q DE-101 |u https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk | |
| 912 | |a ZDB-117-VRE | ||
| 943 | 1 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-029856866 | |
| 966 | e | |u https://doi.org/10.13109/9783666540530 |l DE-898 |p ZDB-117-VRE |q FHR_PDA_VRE |x Verlag |3 Volltext | |
| 966 | e | |u https://doi.org/10.13109/9783666540530 |l DE-473 |p ZDB-117-VRE |q UBG_PDA_VRE |x Verlag |3 Volltext | |
| 966 | e | |u https://doi.org/10.13109/9783666540530 |l DE-1052 |p ZDB-117-VRE |q EFN_PDA_VRE |x Verlag |3 Volltext | |
| 966 | e | |u https://doi.org/10.13109/9783666540530 |l DE-860 |p ZDB-117-VRE |q FLA_PDA_VRE |x Verlag |3 Volltext | |
| 966 | e | |u https://doi.org/10.13109/9783666540530 |l DE-M483 |p ZDB-117-VRE |q KSH_PDA_VRE |x Verlag |3 Volltext | |
| 966 | e | |u https://doi.org/10.13109/9783666540530 |l DE-1949 |p ZDB-117-VRE |q KSH_PDA_VRE |x Verlag |3 Volltext | |
| 966 | e | |u https://doi.org/10.13109/9783666540530 |l DE-Aug4 |p ZDB-117-VRE |q FHA_PDA_VRE |x Verlag |3 Volltext | |
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1812528369123721216 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | |
| any_adam_object | |
| author | Shepperson, Mary |
| author_facet | Shepperson, Mary |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Shepperson, Mary |
| author_variant | m s ms |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV044456068 |
| classification_rvk | NG 4040 |
| collection | ZDB-117-VRE |
| ctrlnum | (ZDB-117-VRE)vandP1041333 (OCoLC)985990384 (DE-599)BVBBV044456068 |
| discipline | Geschichte |
| doi_str_mv | 10.13109/9783666540530 |
| edition | 1. Aufl |
| era | Geschichte 9000 v. Chr.-4000 v. Chr. gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 9000 v. Chr.-4000 v. Chr. |
| format | Electronic eBook |
| fullrecord | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>00000nmm a2200000zc 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">BV044456068</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-604</controlfield><controlfield tag="007">cr|uuu---uuuuu</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">170822s2017 |||| o||u| ||||||eng d</controlfield><datafield tag="024" ind1="7" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">10.13109/9783666540530</subfield><subfield code="2">doi</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(ZDB-117-VRE)vandP1041333</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)985990384</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)BVBBV044456068</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-604</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="e">aacr</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="049" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-473</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-1052</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-860</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-M483</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-1949</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-898</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-Aug4</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">NG 4040</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-625)125432:13125</subfield><subfield code="2">rvk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Shepperson, Mary</subfield><subfield code="e">Verfasser</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Sunlight and Shade in the First Cities</subfield><subfield code="b">A sensory archaeology of early Iraq</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="250" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">1. Aufl</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Göttingen</subfield><subfield code="b">Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht</subfield><subfield code="c">2017</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">1 Online-Ressource (263 Seiten)</subfield><subfield code="b">Ill</subfield><subfield code="c">155 x 232 mm</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">c</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">cr</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="490" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Mundus Orientis</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">The emergence of urbanism in Iraq occurred under the distinctive climatic conditions of the Mesopotamian plain; rainy winters and extremely hot summers profoundly affected the formation and development of these early cities. Sunlight and Shade in the First Cities explores the relationship between society, culture and lived experience through the way in which sunlight was manipulated in the urban built environment. Light is approached as both a physical phenomenon, which affects comfort and the practical usability of space, and as a symbolic phenomenon rich in social and religious meaning. Through the reconstruction of ancient urban light environments, to the extent possible from the archaeological remains, the location, timing and meaning of activities within early Mesopotamian cities become accessible. Sunlight is shown to have influenced the formation and symbolism of urban architecture and shaped the sensory experience of urban life.From cities as part of the sunlit landscape, this work progresses to consider city forms as a whole and then to the examination of architectural types; residential, sacred and palatial. Architectural analysis is complemented by analysis of contemporary textual sources, along with iconographic and artefactual evidence. The cities under detailed examination are limited to those on the Mesopotamian plain, focusing on the Early Dynastic periods up to the end of the second millennium BC.This volume demonstrates the utility of light as a tool with which to analyse, not just ancient Mesopotamian settlements, but the built environment of any past society, especially where provision of, or protection from sunlight critically affects life. The active influence of sunlight is demonstrated within Mesopotamian cities at every scale of analysis</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="648" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Geschichte 9000 v. Chr.-4000 v. Chr.</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Städtebau</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4056795-3</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Schatten</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4052097-3</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Licht</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4035596-2</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="651" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Mesopotamien</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4038788-4</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Mesopotamien</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4038788-4</subfield><subfield code="D">g</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Licht</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4035596-2</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="2"><subfield code="a">Schatten</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4052097-3</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="3"><subfield code="a">Städtebau</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4056795-3</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Geschichte 9000 v. Chr.-4000 v. Chr.</subfield><subfield code="A">z</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="8">1\p</subfield><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="776" ind1="0" ind2="8"><subfield code="i">Erscheint auch als</subfield><subfield code="n">Druck-Ausgabe</subfield><subfield code="z">978-3-525-54053-4</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="0"><subfield code="u">https://doi.org/10.13109/9783666540530</subfield><subfield code="x">Verlag</subfield><subfield code="z">URL des Erstveröffentlichers</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="883" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="8">1\p</subfield><subfield code="a">cgwrk</subfield><subfield code="d">20201028</subfield><subfield code="q">DE-101</subfield><subfield code="u">https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">ZDB-117-VRE</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="943" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-029856866</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="966" ind1="e" ind2=" "><subfield code="u">https://doi.org/10.13109/9783666540530</subfield><subfield code="l">DE-898</subfield><subfield code="p">ZDB-117-VRE</subfield><subfield code="q">FHR_PDA_VRE</subfield><subfield code="x">Verlag</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="966" ind1="e" ind2=" "><subfield code="u">https://doi.org/10.13109/9783666540530</subfield><subfield code="l">DE-473</subfield><subfield code="p">ZDB-117-VRE</subfield><subfield code="q">UBG_PDA_VRE</subfield><subfield code="x">Verlag</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="966" ind1="e" ind2=" "><subfield code="u">https://doi.org/10.13109/9783666540530</subfield><subfield code="l">DE-1052</subfield><subfield code="p">ZDB-117-VRE</subfield><subfield code="q">EFN_PDA_VRE</subfield><subfield code="x">Verlag</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="966" ind1="e" ind2=" "><subfield code="u">https://doi.org/10.13109/9783666540530</subfield><subfield code="l">DE-860</subfield><subfield code="p">ZDB-117-VRE</subfield><subfield code="q">FLA_PDA_VRE</subfield><subfield code="x">Verlag</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="966" ind1="e" ind2=" "><subfield code="u">https://doi.org/10.13109/9783666540530</subfield><subfield code="l">DE-M483</subfield><subfield code="p">ZDB-117-VRE</subfield><subfield code="q">KSH_PDA_VRE</subfield><subfield code="x">Verlag</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="966" ind1="e" ind2=" "><subfield code="u">https://doi.org/10.13109/9783666540530</subfield><subfield code="l">DE-1949</subfield><subfield code="p">ZDB-117-VRE</subfield><subfield code="q">KSH_PDA_VRE</subfield><subfield code="x">Verlag</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="966" ind1="e" ind2=" "><subfield code="u">https://doi.org/10.13109/9783666540530</subfield><subfield code="l">DE-Aug4</subfield><subfield code="p">ZDB-117-VRE</subfield><subfield code="q">FHA_PDA_VRE</subfield><subfield code="x">Verlag</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield></record></collection> |
| geographic | Mesopotamien (DE-588)4038788-4 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Mesopotamien |
| id | DE-604.BV044456068 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-10-10T12:02:33Z |
| institution | BVB |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-029856866 |
| oclc_num | 985990384 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-1052 DE-860 DE-M483 DE-1949 DE-898 DE-BY-UBR DE-Aug4 |
| owner_facet | DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-1052 DE-860 DE-M483 DE-1949 DE-898 DE-BY-UBR DE-Aug4 |
| physical | 1 Online-Ressource (263 Seiten) Ill 155 x 232 mm |
| psigel | ZDB-117-VRE ZDB-117-VRE FHR_PDA_VRE ZDB-117-VRE UBG_PDA_VRE ZDB-117-VRE EFN_PDA_VRE ZDB-117-VRE FLA_PDA_VRE ZDB-117-VRE KSH_PDA_VRE ZDB-117-VRE FHA_PDA_VRE |
| publishDate | 2017 |
| publishDateSearch | 2017 |
| publishDateSort | 2017 |
| publisher | Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Mundus Orientis |
| spelling | Shepperson, Mary Verfasser aut Sunlight and Shade in the First Cities A sensory archaeology of early Iraq 1. Aufl Göttingen Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht 2017 1 Online-Ressource (263 Seiten) Ill 155 x 232 mm txt rdacontent c rdamedia cr rdacarrier Mundus Orientis The emergence of urbanism in Iraq occurred under the distinctive climatic conditions of the Mesopotamian plain; rainy winters and extremely hot summers profoundly affected the formation and development of these early cities. Sunlight and Shade in the First Cities explores the relationship between society, culture and lived experience through the way in which sunlight was manipulated in the urban built environment. Light is approached as both a physical phenomenon, which affects comfort and the practical usability of space, and as a symbolic phenomenon rich in social and religious meaning. Through the reconstruction of ancient urban light environments, to the extent possible from the archaeological remains, the location, timing and meaning of activities within early Mesopotamian cities become accessible. Sunlight is shown to have influenced the formation and symbolism of urban architecture and shaped the sensory experience of urban life.From cities as part of the sunlit landscape, this work progresses to consider city forms as a whole and then to the examination of architectural types; residential, sacred and palatial. Architectural analysis is complemented by analysis of contemporary textual sources, along with iconographic and artefactual evidence. The cities under detailed examination are limited to those on the Mesopotamian plain, focusing on the Early Dynastic periods up to the end of the second millennium BC.This volume demonstrates the utility of light as a tool with which to analyse, not just ancient Mesopotamian settlements, but the built environment of any past society, especially where provision of, or protection from sunlight critically affects life. The active influence of sunlight is demonstrated within Mesopotamian cities at every scale of analysis Geschichte 9000 v. Chr.-4000 v. Chr. gnd rswk-swf Städtebau (DE-588)4056795-3 gnd rswk-swf Schatten (DE-588)4052097-3 gnd rswk-swf Licht (DE-588)4035596-2 gnd rswk-swf Mesopotamien (DE-588)4038788-4 gnd rswk-swf Mesopotamien (DE-588)4038788-4 g Licht (DE-588)4035596-2 s Schatten (DE-588)4052097-3 s Städtebau (DE-588)4056795-3 s Geschichte 9000 v. Chr.-4000 v. Chr. z 1\p DE-604 Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe 978-3-525-54053-4 https://doi.org/10.13109/9783666540530 Verlag URL des Erstveröffentlichers Volltext 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Shepperson, Mary Sunlight and Shade in the First Cities A sensory archaeology of early Iraq Städtebau (DE-588)4056795-3 gnd Schatten (DE-588)4052097-3 gnd Licht (DE-588)4035596-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4056795-3 (DE-588)4052097-3 (DE-588)4035596-2 (DE-588)4038788-4 |
| title | Sunlight and Shade in the First Cities A sensory archaeology of early Iraq |
| title_auth | Sunlight and Shade in the First Cities A sensory archaeology of early Iraq |
| title_exact_search | Sunlight and Shade in the First Cities A sensory archaeology of early Iraq |
| title_full | Sunlight and Shade in the First Cities A sensory archaeology of early Iraq |
| title_fullStr | Sunlight and Shade in the First Cities A sensory archaeology of early Iraq |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sunlight and Shade in the First Cities A sensory archaeology of early Iraq |
| title_short | Sunlight and Shade in the First Cities |
| title_sort | sunlight and shade in the first cities a sensory archaeology of early iraq |
| title_sub | A sensory archaeology of early Iraq |
| topic | Städtebau (DE-588)4056795-3 gnd Schatten (DE-588)4052097-3 gnd Licht (DE-588)4035596-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Städtebau Schatten Licht Mesopotamien |
| url | https://doi.org/10.13109/9783666540530 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT sheppersonmary sunlightandshadeinthefirstcitiesasensoryarchaeologyofearlyiraq |