Pollution control and resource reuse for alkaline hydrometallurgy of amphoteric metal hazardous wastes:
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| Format: | Elektronisch E-Book |
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2017
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| Schriftenreihe: | Handbook of Environmental Engineering
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| ISBN: | 9783319551586 |
| DOI: | 10.1007/978-3-319-55158-6 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Pollution control and resource reuse for alkaline hydrometallurgy of amphoteric metal hazardous wastes |c Zhao Youcai, Zhang Chenglong |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| _version_ | 1806181693188472832 |
| adam_text | Titel: Pollution control and resource reuse for alkaline hydrometallurgy of amphoteric metal hazardous wast
Autor: Zhao, Youcai
Jahr: 2017
Contents
1 Amphoteric Metal Hazardous Wastes and Hydrometallurgical
Processes of Zinc and Lead..............................................................1
1.1 Amphoteric Metal Hazardous Wastes......................................2
1.2 Pyrometallurgical Treatment Processes for Zinc and Lead..........4
1.3 Stabilization of Heavy Metals for Hazardous Wastes................4
1.4 Acidic Leaching Process for Zinc and Lead Ores and Wastes . . 5
1.5 Alkaline Leaching Process for Zinc and Lead Ores
and Wastes..............................................................................5
1.6 Hydrometallurgical Production of Zinc....................................6
1.7 Metallurgy of Lead..................................................................9
1.7.1 Oxidation-Reduction Smelting....................................9
1.7.2 Reaction-Melting........................................................10
1.7.3 Precipitation Melting..................................................10
1.7.4 Alkali Melting............................................................11
2 Thermodynamics of Alkaline Leaching of Zinc and Lead
Hazardous Wastes............................................................................13
2.1 Thermodynamics of Alkaline Leaching of Zinc Hazardous
Wastes....................................................................................13
2.1.1 Morphology Distribution of Zinc in Alkaline
Solution......................................................................13
2.1.2 Experimental Verification............................................17
2.1.3 Apparent Equilibrium Constant for Zinc Dissolved
in NaOH Solution......................................................18
2.1.4 E-pH Equilibrium Diagrams of Leaching Systems
of Zinc......................................................................18
2.2 Thermodynamics of Alkaline Leaching of Solid
Wastes Bearing Lead..............................................................25
2.2.1 Morphology Distribution of Lead in Alkaline
Solution......................................................................25
vii
viii Contents
2.2.2 E-pH Equilibrium Diagrams of Leaching Systems
of Lead................................... 26
2.3 Thermodynamics of Alkaline Leaching of Impurity Ions...... 32
2.3.1 Thermodynamic Behavior of Cu(II) in Alkaline
Solution................................... 32
2.3.2 Thermodynamic Behavior of Co(II) in Alkaline
Solution................................... 33
2.3.3 Thermodynamic Behavior of Cd(II) in Alkaline
Solution................................... 34
2.3.4 Thermodynamic Behavior of Fe(III) in Alkaline
Solution................................... 36
2.3.5 Thermodynamic Behavior of Ni(II) in Alkaline
Solution................................... 36
2.3.6 Thermodynamic Behavior of Mg(II) in Alkaline
Solution................................... 37
2.3.7 Thermodynamic Behavior of Ca(II) in Alkaline
Solution................................... 38
3 Kinetics of Alkaline Leaching of Solid Wastes Bearing
Zinc and Lead......................................... 39
3.1 Kinetics Model of Leaching in Alkaline Solution........... 39
3.2 Kinetics of Alkaline Leaching of Zinc Hazardous Wastes..... 43
3.2.1 Alkaline Leaching Kinetic Analysis
of Waste Bearing Zinc........................ 44
3.2.2 Alkaline Leaching Kinetic Analysis of Zinc
Carbonate................................. 45
3.2.3 Alkaline Leaching Kinetic Analysis
of Zinc Silicate............................. 48
3.2.4 Impact Factors of Zinc Alkaline Leaching Process .... 50
3.3 Kinetic Analysis of Alkaline Leaching of Lead Oxide Ore .... 54
3.3.1 Effects of Temperature on Reaction Rate
of Alkaline Leaching of Lead Oxide Ore........... 54
3.3.2 Effects of NaOH Concentration on Reaction
Rate of Alkaline Leaching of Lead Oxide Ore....... 56
3.3.3 Effects of Particle Size on Reaction Rate
of Alkaline Leaching of Lead Oxide Ore........... 58
4 Leaching of Zinc and Lead Hazardous Wastes
in Alkaline Solutions.................................... 61
4.1 Leaching of Zinc and Lead Dust from Steelmaking Plants
with Lower Iron Contents in Alkaline Solutions............ 62
4.1.1 Effects of Leaching Time for Leaching of Zinc
and Lead Dust in Alkaline Solutions.............. 62
4.1.2 Effects of Liquid-Solid Ratio on Leaching
of Zinc and Lead Dust in Alkaline Solutions........ 62
Contents x
4.1.3 Effects of NaOH Concentration in Leaching
Agent on Leaching of Zinc and Lead Dust
in Alkaline Solutions......................... 64
4.1.4 Sequential and Multistage Leaching of Dust
in Alkaline................................ 65
4.1.5 Tests on the Leaching Enhancement for Leaching
Residues.................................. 66
4.2 Extraction of Zinc from Dust by Direct Melting
with Solid NaOH.................................. 66
4.2.1 Effects of Melting Time for Extraction
of Zinc from Dust by Direct Melting
with Solid NaOH............................ 67
4.2.2 Effects of Leaching Time on Extraction
of Zinc from Dust by Direct Melting
with Solid NaOH............................ 67
4.2.3 Effects of Mass Ratios of Dust to Solid NaOH
in the melts on leaching....................... 68
4.2.4 Effects of NaOH Concentration on Leaching........ 68
4.2.5 Effects of Temperature on Extraction of Zinc
from Dust by Direct Melting with Solid NaOH...... 69
4.3 Extraction of Zinc from Leaching Residues by Melting
the Residues with Solid NaOH........................ 70
4.3.1 Effects of Melting Time on the Extraction
of Zinc from the Leaching Residues.............. 70
4.3.2 Effects of Melting Temperature on the Extraction
of Zinc from Leaching Residues by Melting
the Residues with Solid NaOH.................. 70
4.3.3 Effects of Leaching Time on the Extraction
of Zinc from Leaching Residues Melted
with Solid NaOH............................ 71
4.3.4 Effects of NaOH Concentration on the Extraction
of Zinc from Leaching Residues Melted
with Solid NaOH............................ 71
4.3.5 Melting with Sodium Phosphate Instead of Sodium
Hydroxide................................. 73
4.3.6 Composition of Leaching Solution of the Melts
and the Resultant Zn-Free Residues.............. 73
4.4 Extraction of Zinc from Dust via Hydrolysis-Melting-Leaching
Process.......................................... 74
4.4.1 Effects of Melting Temperature on Extraction
of Zinc from Dust via Hydrolysis-Melting-Leaching
Process................................... 74
4.4.2 Effects of NaOH Concentration in Leaching
Agent on the Extraction of Zinc from Dust
via Hydrolysis-Melting-Leaching Process.......... 75
X
Contents
4.4.3 Effects of Leaching Time on Extraction of Zinc
from Dust via Hydrolysis-Melting-Leaching Process. . 75
4.4.4 Effects of NaOH/Dust Mass Ratios in the Melt
on the Extraction of Zinc from Dust via
Hydrolysis-Melting-Alkaline Leaching Process...... 76
4.4.5 Effects of Water-Dust Ratio and Hydrolysis Time
in the Hydrolysis Step via Hydrolysis-Melting-Alkaline
Leaching Process............................ 77
4.4.6 Composition of the Supernatant in the Hydrolysis
of Dust in the Hydrolysis Step via
Hydrolysis-Melting-Alkaline Leaching Process...... 77
4.4.7 Recycling of the Filtrate for the Hydrolysis of Dust
in the Hydrolysis Step via Hydrolysis-Melting-Alkaline
Leaching Process............................ 78
4.4.8 Effects of the Addition on the Melting and Extraction
of Zinc from Dust via Hydrolysis-Melting-Leaching
Process................................... 79
4.4.9 Effects of Liquid-Solid Ratio on the Extraction of Zinc
from Melted Dust via Hydrolysis-Melting-Leaching
Process................................... 79
4.4.10 Relationships Between Zinc Extractability
and the Zinc and Iron Contents in the Dust
by Direct Leaching Process.................... 82
4.4.11 Chemical Reactions in the Melting and Alkaline
Leaching Processes.......................... 83
4.5 Scale-Up Experiments on Extraction of Zinc from Dust
via Hydrolysis-Melting-Alkaline Leaching Process.......... 84
4.6 Extraction of Lead and Other Metals from Zinc and Lead
Hazardous Wastes in Alkaline Solution.................. 86
4.7 Typical Composition and Supposed Treatment
of the Alkaline Solution Leaching Residues............... 88
4.8 Alkaline Treatment of Low-Leachable Zinc and Lead
Hazardous Wastes with High Iron Contents............... 89
4.8.1 Direct Alkaline Leaching of Low-Leachable
Zinc and Lead Hazardous Wastes with High
Iron Contents............................... 89
4.8.2 Melting and then Alkaline Leaching of the Leaching
Residues Shown in Table 4.26.................. 90
4.8.3 Melting and Alkaline Leaching of the Original
and Hydrolyzed Dust with Higher Iron Contents..... 91
4.9 Alkaline Leaching of Zinc Sulfide in Alkaline Solution
via Chemical Conversion with Lead Carbonates............ 92
4.9.1 Effects of Pb/ZnS Mole Ratio on Leaching of Zinc
Sulfide in Alkaline Solution via Chemical Conversion
with Lead Carbonates......................... 93
Contents xi
4.9.2 Effects of NaOH Concentrations on Leaching of Zinc
Sulfide in Alkaline Solution via Chemical Conversion
with Lead Carbonates......................... 94
4.9.3 Effects of Temperature on Leaching of Zinc Sulfide
in Alkaline Solution via Chemical Conversion
with Lead Carbonates......................... 94
4.9.4 Effects of Liquid-Solid Ratio on Leaching of Zinc
Sulfide in Alkaline Solution via Chemical Conversion
with Lead Carbonates......................... 95
4.9.5 Effects of Leaching Time on Leaching of Zinc Sulfide
in Alkaline Solution via Chemical Conversion
with Lead Carbonates......................... 96
4.9.6 Effects of Type of Initial Lead Content for Leaching
of Zinc Sulfide in Alkaline Solution via Chemical
Conversion with Lead Carbonates................ 97
4.9.7 Conversion of Leach Residue for Leaching of Zinc
Sulfide in Alkaline Solution via Chemical Conversion
with Lead Carbonates......................... 97
4.10 Mechanochemical Leaching of Sphalerite in Alkaline
Solution via Chemical Conversion with Lead Carbonates..... 99
4.10.1 Effects of Activation and Leaching Modes
on Mechanochemical Leaching of Sphalerite
in Alkaline Solution via Chemical Conversion
with Lead Carbonates......................... 101
4.10.2 Effects of Stirring Speed on Mechanochemical Leaching
of Sphalerite in Alkaline Solution via Chemical
Conversion with Lead Carbonates................ 103
4.10.3 Effects of Activation Medium on Mechanochemical
Leaching of Sphalerite in Alkaline Solution
via Chemical Conversion with Lead Carbonates..... 103
4.10.4 Process of Mechanochemical Leaching of Low-Grade
Zinc Oxide Ore Containing Sphalerite............. 104
4.11 Other Enhanced Leaching Methods of Zinc Hazardous Wastes
in Alkaline Solution................................................................105
4.11.1 Leaching Process Enhanced by Microwave..................105
4.11.2 Leaching Process Enhanced by Pressure......................108
4.11.3 Ultrasound-Enhanced Leaching Process......................109
4.12 Recovery of Lead from CRT Funnel Glass by Mechanochemical
Extraction in Alkaline Solution................................................113
4.12.1 Effects of Activation Modes on Recovery of Lead
from CRT Funnel Glass by Mechanochemical
Extraction in Alkaline Solution.................. 115
xii
Contents
4.12.2 Effects of Mechanochemical Leaching Modes
for Recovery of Lead from CRT Funnel Glass
by Mechanochemical Extraction
in Alkaline Solution.......................... 116
4.12.3 Effects of Stirring Speed on Recovery of Lead
from CRT Funnel Glass by Mechanochemical
Extraction in Alkaline Solution.................. 116
4.12.4 Eletrowinning of Lead Powder for Recovery
of Lead from CRT Funnel Glass
by Mechanochemical Extraction
in Alkaline Solution.......................... 117
4.13 Extraction of Lead from Spent Leaded Glass in Alkaline
Solution by Mechanochemical Reduction with Metallic Iron ... 119
4.13.1 Effects of Fe/Leaded Glass Ratios for Extraction
of Lead from Spent Leaded Glass in Alkaline
Solution by Mechanochemical Reduction
with Metallic Iron........................... 119
4.13.2 Effects of Rotate Speed for Extraction of Lead
from Spent Leaded Glass in Alkaline Solution
by Mechanochemical Reduction with Metallic Iron . . . 121
4.13.3 Effects of Mechanochemical Reduction Time
on Extraction of Lead from Spent Leaded Glass
in Alkaline Solution by Mechanochemical Reduction
with Metallic Iron........................... 121
4.13.4 Analysis on Physicochemical Changes of Prepared
Samples After Mechanochemical Reduction
with Iron.................................. 121
4.13.5 Toxicity of Leaching Residues for Extraction
of Lead from Spent Leaded Glass in Alkaline Solution
by Mechanochemical Reduction with Metallic Iron... 126
4.14 Alkaline Leaching Process of Fume Dust and Lead
Oxide Ore....................................... 127
4.14.1 Alkaline Leaching Process for Pb and Zn Recovery
from Fume Dust............................. 127
4.14.2 Alkaline Leaching Process for Lead Oxide Ore...... 128
5 Purification of Leach Solution of Zinc and Lead
in Alkaline Solutions.................................... 133
5.1 Selective Precipitation and Separation of Lead
from Alkaline Zinc Hydroxide Solution.................. 133
5.1.1 Selection of the Precipitants for Selective Precipitation
and Separation of Lead from Alkaline Zinc Hydroxide
Solution................................... 134
5.1.2 Purification Mechanism of Na2S................. 135
Contents xiii
5.1.3 Effects of Mass Ratio of Sodium Sulfide Added
to Lead or Zinc in Leaching Solutions............. 137
5.1.4 Co-removal of the Other Possible Soluble Coexistent
Elements from Alkaline Zinc Hydroxide Solution
Using Sodium Sulfide as Precipitant.............. 139
5.1.5 Scale-Up Experiments on Selective Precipitation
and Separation of Lead from Alkaline Zinc Hydroxide
Solution Using Sodium Sulfide as Precipitant....... 139
5.1.6 Removal of Lead from Leaching Solution
by the Addition of Solid Sodium Sulfide........... 140
5.1.7 Recovery of Zinc from Lead-Free Alkaline Leaching
Solutions by Crystallization.................... 141
5.1.8 Chemical Reactions Taking Place in the Sulfide
Precipitation Processes in Alkaline Solution........ 143
5.1.9 The Optimized Condition of Na2S
Purification Process.......................... 143
5.2 Removal of Sn from Alkaline Zinc Solution by Zinc Powder
Replacement...................................... 146
5.2.1 Effects of Zn/Sn Ratio for Removal of Sn
from Alkaline Zinc Solution by Zinc Powder
Replacement............................... 147
5.2.2 Effects of Stirring Speed on Removal of Sn
from Alkaline Zinc Solution by Zinc Powder
Replacement............................... 147
5.2.3 Effects of Temperature on Removal of Sn
from Alkaline Zinc Solution by Zinc Powder
Replacement............................... 148
5.2.4 Effects of Initial Sn Concentration on Removal
of Sn from Alkaline Zinc Solution by Zinc
Powder Replacement......................... 148
5.2.5 Process Optimization for Removal of Sn
from Alkaline Zinc Solution by Zinc Powder
Replacement............................... 150
5.3 Removal of Al from Alkaline Zinc Solution............... 152
5.4 Removal of As from Alkaline Zinc Solution............... 153
5.5 Removal of Chloride from Alkaline Zinc Solution.......... 156
5.5.1 Dechlorination via Overconcentration..........................156
5.5.2 Dechlorination by Washing via Na2C03 Solution.... 158
5.5.3 Dechlorination by Water Washing from the Wastes . . . 161
5.6 Deep Purification of Zinc Alkali Leaching Solution..................164
5.6.1 Deep Purification Process of Lead, Aluminum,
and Arsenic in Zinc Leaching Solution............ 164
5.6.2 Deep Purification Process Through Condensed Zinc-
Containing Alkaline Solution................... 166
xiv
Contents
5.7 Removal of Cu from Alkaline Lead Solution by Lead Powder
Replacement...................................... 167
5.7.1 Effects of Pb/Cu Ratio on Removing Rate of Cu
from Alkaline Lead Solution................... 168
5.7.2 Effects of Replacement Reaction Time on Removal
of Cu from Alkaline Lead Solution............... 168
5.7.3 Effects of Temperature on Removal of Cu
from Alkaline Lead Solution................... 169
5.7.4 Effects of Initial Concentration of Copper
on Removal Rate of Cu from Alkaline
Lead Solution.............................. 170
5.7.5 Effects of NaOH Concentrations on Removal
of Cu from Alkaline Lead Solution............... 170
6 Electrowinning of Zinc and Lead from Alkaline Solutions....... 171
6.1 General Electrowinning Production Process of Zinc Powder
by Alkaline Hydrometallurgy......................... 171
6.2 Production of Ultrafine Zinc Powder from Wastes Bearing
Zinc by Electrowinning in Alkaline Solution.............. 174
6.3 Effects of Organic Additives on the Electrolytic Zinc
Powder Refinement in Alkaline Electrolyte............... 182
6.3.1 Effects of Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide
and Sodium Lauryl Sulfate on Zinc Electrowinning
in Alkaline Electrolyte........................ 182
6.3.2 Effects of Single Organic Additive Among ß-CD, SDS,
Gelatin, Casein, and Thiocarbamide in the Alkaline
Electrolyte................................. 193
6.3.3 Synergistic Effects of T-80 and PEG Organic Additives
to the Alkaline Electrolyte on Zn Electrodeposits
Refinement................................ 194
6.3.4 Zinc Powder Particle Size Distribution
in the Presence of Organic Additives
in Alkaline Electrolyte........................ 195
6.4 Effects of Ion Impurities on Zinc Electrowinning Process
in Alkaline Leaching Solution......................... 196
6.4.1 Effects of Sn on Zinc Electrolysis in Alkaline
Leaching Solution........................... 196
6.4.2 Effects of Al on Zinc Electrolysis in Alkaline Leach
Solution................................... 199
6.4.3 Effects of As on Zinc Electrolysis in Alkaline
Leaching Solution........................... 204
6.4.4 Effects of CO^-, SO4-, and SiOj- Concentrations
on Zinc Electrolysis in Alkaline Leaching Solution. . . 207
6.4.5 Effects of F~ and CP Concentrations on Zinc
Electrolysis in Alkaline Leach Solution............ 208
Contents xv
6.4.6 Effect of Hypochlorite on Zinc Electrolysis
in Alkaline Leaching Solution.................. 209
6.4.7 Effects of Sulfide on Zinc Electrolysis in Alkaline
Leaching Solution........................... 210
6.4.8 Effects of Tungsten on Zinc Electrolysis in Alkaline
Leaching Solution........................... 212
6.4.9 Effects of Molybdenum on Zinc Electrolysis
in Alkaline Leaching Solution.................. 213
6.5 Effects of Zinc Powder Redissolution on Zinc Electrowinning
Process.......................................... 215
6.5.1 Effects of Stirring Speed on Zinc Powder
Redissolution............................... 215
6.5.2 Effects of Temperature on Zinc Powder
Redissolution............................... 216
6.5.3 Effects of Initial Concentration of Sodium Hydroxide
on Zinc Powder Redissolution.................. 217
6.5.4 Effects of Initial Concentration of Zinc on Zinc
Powder Redissolution......................... 218
6.5.5 Effects of Liquid-Solid Ratio on Zinc Powder
Redissolution............................... 218
6.5.6 Effects of Particle Size and Morphology of Zinc
on Zinc Powder Redissolution.................. 219
6.5.7 Effects of Contact Time on Zinc Powder
Redissolution............................... 219
6.6 Electrowinning of Lead from Alkaline Solutions........... 221
6.6.1 Cyclic Voltammetry of Lead
Electrowinning Process....................... 221
6.6.2 Catholic Reaction of Electrowinning of Lead
in Sodium Hydroxide Solution.................. 222
6.6.3 Anode Reaction of Electrowinning of Lead
in Sodium Hydroxide Solution.................. 226
6.7 Electrowinning Process of Lead in Alkaline Solution........ 230
6.8 Ions Impurities Effects on Lead Electrowinning Process
in Alkaline Leaching................................ 240
6.8.1 Theoretical Analysis of Impurity Effect
on Electrowinning of Pb....................... 240
6.8.2 Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) of Pb Electrowinning
in the Presence of Zn......................... 242
6.8.3 Effects of Temperature on Cyclic Voltammetry
Curves of Pb Deposited on Cathode in Alkaline
Solution in the Presence of Zn.................. 244
6.8.4 Effects of Zn Concentration on Pb Electrowinning
in Alkaline Solution.......................... 245
xvi
Contents
6.8.5 Effects of Electrolysis Time on Pb Electrowinning
in Alkaline Solution in the Presence of Zn.......... 246
6.8.6 Effects of Current Density on Pb Electrowinning
in Alkaline Solution in the Presence of Zn.......... 247
6.8.7 Effects of Temperature on Pb Electrowinning
in Alkaline Solution in the Presence of Zn.......... 247
6.8.8 Effects of Sn on Lead Electrowinning Process
in Alkaline Solution.......................... 248
6.8.9 Effects of As on Lead Electrowinning Process
in Alkaline Solution.......................... 252
6.8.10 Effects of Sb on Lead Electrowinning Process
in Alkaline Solution.......................... 254
6.8.11 Effects of W on Lead Electrowinning Process
in Alkaline Solution.......................... 256
6.8.12 Effects of Cu on the Pb Electrowinning Process
in Alkaline Solution.......................... 257
6.8.13 Effects of Anions on Pb Electrowinning Process
in Alkaline Solution.......................... 259
7 Alkaline Hydrometallurgy of Low-Grade Smithsonite Ores...... 263
7.1 Alkaline Hydrometallurgy of Low-Grade Smithsonite
Ore Process...................................... 263
7.2 Effects of NaOH Concentration on the Extraction of Zinc
from of Low-Grade Smithsonite Ores................... 265
7.3 Effects of Liquid-Solid Ratio on the Extraction of Zinc
from Low-Grade Smithsonite Ores..................... 266
7.4 Effects of Leaching Time on the Extraction of Zinc and Lead
from Low-Grade Smithsonite Ores..................... 267
7.5 Effects of Additives on the Extraction of Zinc from Low-Grade
Smithsonite Ores.................................. 267
7.6 Typical Contents in the Leach Solution and Leaching Residues
for Low-Grade Smithsonite Ores....................... 268
7.7 Electrolysis of Zinc from Lead-Free Leaching Solution
for Low-Grade Smithsonite Ores and Economic-Technological
Analysis......................................... 269
7.8 Treatment and/or Recycling of Wastewaters and Solid
Wastes Generated from Low-Grade Ores and Dust Processing
in Alkaline Solutions............................... 272
7.9 Lead Precipitation from Leaching Solution for Low-Grade
Smithsonite Ores.................................. 274
7.10 Zinc Precipitation from Pb-Depleted Zinc Alkaline Solution
for Low-Grade Smithsonite Ores....................... 276
7.11 Lead and Zinc Concentrate Production from Low-Grade Pb-Zn
Oxidized Ore..................................... 278
7.11.1 Technological Process........................ 278
7.11.2 Principle of Process.......................... 279
Contents xvii
7.12 Scale-Up Experiments for Lead and Zinc Concentrate
Production from Low-Grade Pb-Zn Oxidized Ore in Alkaline
Solution......................................... 281
8 Spent Electrolyte Regeneration and Recovery of Associated
Valuable Metals from Lean Leaching Solution................ 283
8.1 Regeneration of Alkaline Spent Electrolyte Causticized
byCaO......................................... 284
8.2 Flotation of Molybdate Oxyanions in Dilute Solutions
Using Dodecylamine and Ferric Hydroxide............... 287
8.3 Separation of Tungstates from Leaching Solution Using Ion
Flotation........................................ 295
8.4 Removal of Molybdate and Arsenate from Aqueous Solutions
by Flotation...................................... 305
8.5 Extraction of Phosphorus, Arsenic, and/or Silica from Sodium
Tungstate and Molybdate Solutions with Primary Amine
and Tributyl Phosphate as Solvents..................... 313
8.5.1 Parameter Optimization for the Extraction
of Phosphorus, Arsenic, and/or Silica from Sodium
Tungstate and Molybdate Solutions with Primary Amine
and Tributyl Phosphate as Solvents............... 313
8.5.2 Mechanism of Extraction of Phosphorus, Arsenic,
and Silica from Tungstate and Molybdate Solutions . . . 324
8.6 Combined Removal of S02, H2S, and NOx from Gas
Streams by Chemical Absorption with Aqueous Solution
of 12-Molybdophosphoric Acid and Its Reduced Species..... 331
8.6.1 Solution Chemistry of Heteropoly Acids
and Their Anions............................ 331
8.6.2 Setup from Combined Removal of S02, H2S,
and NOx from Gas Streams by Chemical Absorption
with Aqueous Solution of 12-Molybdophosphoric
Acid and Its Reduced Species................... 333
8.6.3 Removal of S02, H2S, and NOx from Gas Streams
by Chemical Absorption with Aqueous Solution
of 12-Molybdophosphoric Acid Solution........... 334
8.6.4 Absorption of N02 and NO in Molybdenum
Blue Solution............................... 341
8.6.5 Combined Removal of S02 and H2S.............. 344
8.6.6 Combined Removal of NOx, S02, and H2S......... 345
8.6.7 Regeneration of Scrubbing Solution.............. 345
8.7 Recovery and Synthesis of Tungstotantalate
and Tungstoniobate Using White Tungstic Acid............ 347
8.7.1 Synthesis of Tungstotantalate................... 348
8.7.2 Synthesis of [(C4H9)4N]5K2TaWnO40H2........... 350
8.7.3 Synthesis of K9[NbWn04o]-2H20............... 352
xviii Contents
8.7.4 Synthesis of [(C4H9)4N]6K[NbW1 iO40H2]
and [(C4H9)4N]5K2[NbW, ,O40H2]............... 354
8.7.5 Synthesis of [C(NH2)3]6.3K[Nb1.3W1o.704oH2]-H20. . . 356
8.7.6 Quick. Determination of Tungsten Based on White
Tungstic Acid: Gravimetric Method.............. 358
8.7.7 Removal of P, As, and Si During White Tungstic
Acid Preparation............................ 361
8.7.8 Practical Significance of White Tungstic Acid
in Tungsten Metallurgy Industry................. 363
9 Industrial-Scale Production of Zinc Powder Using Alkaline
Leaching-Electrowinning Processes........................ 365
9.1 Industrial Production of Zn Powder by Alkaline Process
Using Brass Smelting Ash as an Example................ 365
9.1.1 Industrial-Scale Leaching...................... 367
9.1.2 Industrial-Scale Purification.................... 367
9.1.3 Industrial-Scale Electrolysis.................... 368
9.1.4 Industrial-Scale Zn Powder Filtration, Washing,
and Desiccation............................. 368
9.1.5 Industrial-Scale Sieving and Milling.............. 369
9.2 Overall Process for Production Zinc Powder Using Alkaline
Leaching-Electrowinning Processes..................... 370
9.3 Design for Production Equipment for Production
of 1500 t/a Zinc Powder Using Alkaline
Leaching-Electrowinning Processes..................... 372
9.4 Industrial Design for Purging, Drying, and Crushing
Working Section of Zinc Powder....................... 378
9.5 Industrial Operation Procedure in Leaching Process......... 381
9.6 Industrial Operation Procedure in Purification............. 382
9.7 Industrial Operation Procedure in Electrolysis............. 382
9.8 Industrial Operation Procedure in Zinc Powder Filtration,
Washing, and Desiccation............................ 383
9.9 Analytical Requirements............................. 384
9.10 The Three-Waste Emissions of Zinc Production Process
by Alkaline Leaching-Electrolysis...................... 386
9.11 Production Operations for Alkaline Leaching-Electrolysis
Process.......................................... 387
9.12 Life Cycle Assessment in the Process of Alkaline
Hydrometallurgy for Zinc and Lead Hazardous Wastes....... 388
Bibliography............................................. 393
Index................................................... 401
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Zhao, Youcai 1963- Zhang, Chenglong |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1137578602 (DE-588)1137578963 |
| author_facet | Zhao, Youcai 1963- Zhang, Chenglong |
| author_role | aut aut |
| author_sort | Zhao, Youcai 1963- |
| author_variant | y z yz c z cz |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV044432790 |
| classification_tum | ELT 000 MAS 000 |
| collection | ZDB-2-ENG |
| ctrlnum | (ZDB-2-ENG)9783319551586 (OCoLC)1002258784 (DE-599)BVBBV044432790 |
| dewey-full | 363.728 628.4 |
| dewey-hundreds | 300 - Social sciences 600 - Technology (Applied sciences) |
| dewey-ones | 363 - Other social problems and services 628 - Sanitary engineering |
| dewey-raw | 363.728 628.4 |
| dewey-search | 363.728 628.4 |
| dewey-sort | 3363.728 |
| dewey-tens | 360 - Social problems and services; associations 620 - Engineering and allied operations |
| discipline | Soziologie Bauingenieurwesen Elektrotechnik Maschinenbau |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/978-3-319-55158-6 |
| format | Electronic eBook |
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| id | DE-604.BV044432790 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-08-01T12:44:51Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9783319551586 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-029834148 |
| oclc_num | 1002258784 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-859 DE-860 DE-91 DE-BY-TUM DE-1046 DE-1043 DE-Aug4 DE-898 DE-BY-UBR DE-861 DE-573 DE-863 DE-BY-FWS DE-706 DE-634 DE-862 DE-BY-FWS DE-92 |
| owner_facet | DE-859 DE-860 DE-91 DE-BY-TUM DE-1046 DE-1043 DE-Aug4 DE-898 DE-BY-UBR DE-861 DE-573 DE-863 DE-BY-FWS DE-706 DE-634 DE-862 DE-BY-FWS DE-92 |
| physical | 1 Online-Ressource (li, 405 Seiten) Illustrationen, Diagramme |
| psigel | ZDB-2-ENG ZDB-2-ENG_2017 |
| publishDate | 2017 |
| publishDateSearch | 2017 |
| publishDateSort | 2017 |
| publisher | Springer |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Handbook of Environmental Engineering |
| series2 | Handbook of environmental engineering |
| spellingShingle | Zhao, Youcai 1963- Zhang, Chenglong Pollution control and resource reuse for alkaline hydrometallurgy of amphoteric metal hazardous wastes Handbook of Environmental Engineering Environment Environmental sciences Waste management Pollution prevention Waste Management/Waste Technology Environmental Science and Engineering Industrial Pollution Prevention Blei (DE-588)4145879-5 gnd Recycling (DE-588)4076573-8 gnd Umweltschutz (DE-588)4061644-7 gnd Alkalische Lösung (DE-588)4233024-5 gnd Laugung (DE-588)4114365-6 gnd Nassmetallurgie (DE-588)4123820-5 gnd Zink (DE-588)4137453-8 gnd Sonderabfall (DE-588)4124209-9 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4145879-5 (DE-588)4076573-8 (DE-588)4061644-7 (DE-588)4233024-5 (DE-588)4114365-6 (DE-588)4123820-5 (DE-588)4137453-8 (DE-588)4124209-9 |
| title | Pollution control and resource reuse for alkaline hydrometallurgy of amphoteric metal hazardous wastes |
| title_auth | Pollution control and resource reuse for alkaline hydrometallurgy of amphoteric metal hazardous wastes |
| title_exact_search | Pollution control and resource reuse for alkaline hydrometallurgy of amphoteric metal hazardous wastes |
| title_full | Pollution control and resource reuse for alkaline hydrometallurgy of amphoteric metal hazardous wastes Zhao Youcai, Zhang Chenglong |
| title_fullStr | Pollution control and resource reuse for alkaline hydrometallurgy of amphoteric metal hazardous wastes Zhao Youcai, Zhang Chenglong |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pollution control and resource reuse for alkaline hydrometallurgy of amphoteric metal hazardous wastes Zhao Youcai, Zhang Chenglong |
| title_short | Pollution control and resource reuse for alkaline hydrometallurgy of amphoteric metal hazardous wastes |
| title_sort | pollution control and resource reuse for alkaline hydrometallurgy of amphoteric metal hazardous wastes |
| topic | Environment Environmental sciences Waste management Pollution prevention Waste Management/Waste Technology Environmental Science and Engineering Industrial Pollution Prevention Blei (DE-588)4145879-5 gnd Recycling (DE-588)4076573-8 gnd Umweltschutz (DE-588)4061644-7 gnd Alkalische Lösung (DE-588)4233024-5 gnd Laugung (DE-588)4114365-6 gnd Nassmetallurgie (DE-588)4123820-5 gnd Zink (DE-588)4137453-8 gnd Sonderabfall (DE-588)4124209-9 gnd |
| topic_facet | Environment Environmental sciences Waste management Pollution prevention Waste Management/Waste Technology Environmental Science and Engineering Industrial Pollution Prevention Blei Recycling Umweltschutz Alkalische Lösung Laugung Nassmetallurgie Zink Sonderabfall |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55158-6 http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029834148&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV035420351 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT zhaoyoucai pollutioncontrolandresourcereuseforalkalinehydrometallurgyofamphotericmetalhazardouswastes AT zhangchenglong pollutioncontrolandresourcereuseforalkalinehydrometallurgyofamphotericmetalhazardouswastes |