Ritual murder in Russia, Eastern Europe, and beyond: new histories of an old accusation
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adam_text | CONTENTS
Acknowledgments vit
Introduction: Ritual Murder in Russia, Eastern Europe, and Beyond /
Eugene M. Avrutin, Jonathan Dekel֊Chen, and Robert Weinberg i
1 Imagined Crimes, Real Victims: Hermeneutical Witches and Jews
in Early Modern Poland / Michael Ostling 18
2 The Jewish Blood Libel Legend: A Folkloristic Perspective /
Haya Bar-Itzhak 39
3 Ritual Murder in a Russian Border Town / Eugene M. Avrutin 56
4 The Saratov Case as a Critical Juncture in Ritual Murder History /
Andrew C. Reed 73
5 The Blood Libel in Nineteenth-Century Lithuania: A Comparison
of Two Cases / Darius Staliünas 95
6 YahrzeitSy Condolences, and Other Close Encounters: Neighborly
Relations and Ritual Murder Trials in Germany and Austria-Hungary /
Hillel J. Kieval 110
7 Human Sacrifice in the Name of a Nation: The Religion of Common
Blood / Marina Mogilner 130
8 The Predatory Jew and Russian Vitalism: Dostoevsky, Rozanov,
and Babel / Harriet Murav 151
9 Connecting the Dots: Jewish Mysticism, Ritual Murder, and the
Trial of Mendel Beilis / Robert Weinberg 172
10 A Half-Full Cup? Transnational Responses to the Beilis Affair /
Jonathan Dekel-Chen 185
vi I Contents
11 Simulating Justice: The Blood Libel Case in Moscow, April 1922 /
Gennady Estraikh 204
12 The Blood Libel and Its Wartime Permutations: Cannibalism
in Soviet Lviv / Elissa Bemporad 2J9
13 Was the Doctors’ Plot a Blood Libel? / Jeffrey Veidlinger 23S
14 The Sandomierz Paintings of Ritual Murder as Lieux de mémoire /
Magda Teter 253
Index 279
INDEX
Page numbers in italics refer to figures.
Agafonov, Boris, 133-34
Agafonov, Nikolai Iakovlevich, 134
agitprop trials, Soviet, 165
AJC. See American Jewish Committee
Alexander I (Tsar of Russia), and Velizh ritual
murder investigation, 68-69
Alexander II (Tsar of Russia): assassination of,
anti-Jewish violence following, 188, 222; Great
Reforms under, 191; ritual murder accusations
during reign of, 74; Saratov ritual murder trial
and, 88, 89; suppression of Uniate Church
under, 70nl7
Alexander III (Tsar of Russia), 222
Alliance Israélite Universelle, 188, 195, 196,
246
American Jewish Committee (AJC), 196,
197-98, 199, 203n50
American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee.
See Joint Distribution Committee
American Relief Administration, 207
animal slaughter, ritual murder compared to,
123-25
Annals of the Persecution of Israel (Gurland), 50
An-sky, S., 43, 44, 50, 145, 169n29
anthropology: medieval superstition and,
140; role in ritual murder trials, 9, 131, 133;
Russian scholars in, 132-37; and self-fulfilling
prophecies, 146; seminal works in, 131-32
antisemitism: anti-Bolshevik propaganda
and, 224-26, 235n23; Beilis trial and, 183;
Catholic Church and, 3-4, 5, 7, 103-4;
Catholic Church’s condemnation of, 269;
“chimerical,” 240; in early Soviet Union,
206-7, 223; economic arguments and, 96,
103, 104, 205; Fascism and Nazism identified
with, 232; modern, 6-7, 11, 95, 103-4, 173,
183, 190; Nazi occupation and legitimation
of, 220, 223-25, 229, 230; and ritual murder
accusations, 62, 68, 222; Soviet authorities’
stance against, 13, 212, 213, 214֊ 15, 221,
227-28, 229-32; World War II and, 223-33;
xenophobic, 240; “zoological,” 232, 236n59.
See also literature, antisemitic
Aronson, Mirka, 57, 59, 60, 61,63, 64, 65, 67
art: medieval Christian, depiction of Jews in, 21,
22. See also images, of Jewish ritual murder
Asch, Sholem, 207
assimilation of Jews: debates on, 143-44;
suspicion regarding, and Doctors’ Plot,
244-45; weak degree in Eastern Europe, 104
astrology, role in Beilis trial, 177, 178
Atilius Regulus, iconography of, 266, 268
Austria-Hungary (Habsburg Empire), ritual
murder trials in, 9, 111, 112, 118-22
Avrutin, Eugene M., 5, 152, 156
Babel, Isaac, 9, 151, 152, 164-67; “Karl-Yankel,”
164-67; “Odessa,” 164, 166; Rozanov and,
163
Bar-Itzhak, Haya, 4, 120
Baronio, Cesare, 258, 260
barrel, lined with nails: iconography of, 266,
268; punishment of slaves in, 275n56; in ritual
murder accusations, 97, 266, 269
Bary, József, 119
Bassın, Mark, 154
Beilis, Mendel, 112, 185; acquittal of, 182,
186, 189; arrest of, 185; emigration to
Palestine, 197, 198; emigration to U.S., 189,
190, 194,197, 198-99; international advocacy
on behalf of, 187-88, 189; memoir of, 194,
202n45
Beilis ritual murder trial, 111, 140-42, 172-83;
antisemitism reflected in, 183; and Babel’s
writings, 165, 166; Bolsheviks on, 221;
confirmation of Jewish guilt in, 141, 163,
182-83, 186-87, 189; cultural trends in Russia
and, 151, 161, 162, 163, 176; debates triggered
by, 186; “expert” witnesses at, 8-9, 140-41,
161, 173, 174-75; indictment in, 174-75;
279
28o J Index
Beilis ritual murder trial (cont.)
and Jewish transnational intercession, 11,
187-90, 193-99; Jewish university students
during, 191; jury in, 182; length of, 183nl;
Merezhkovskii on, 163; Moscow trial
compared to, 13, 209, 210, 213; Multan trial
compared to, 140, 147n7, 159; outcome of,
182, 186, 189; political context of, 185-86,
189, 190-91; prosecution in, 173-74, 182,
183; religious prejudice and, 7, 8; Rogger on,
168nl; role of science in, 8-9, 140-41, 183;
Rozanov on, 161, 162, 163, 176, 177; and
Russian-Jewish activism, 194; Saratov trials
outcome and, 90; scapegoating in, 141-42;
superstition vs. science in, 173, 183; wound
pattern analysis in, 172, 176-82, 179-81;
Yiddish postcard on, 190; Yiddish theatrical
productions on, 170n62, 197-98
Bekhterev, Vladimir Mikhailovich, 140
Belarus: postrevolutionary, antisemitism in, 204.
See also Veiizh
Belarusian nationalism, 103
Belfer, Noah (Neophyte), 175
Bellarmino, Roberto, 258
Belyi, Andrei, 161
Bemporad, Elissa, 13, 166, 248
Bergelson, Dovid, 241
Bergmann, Werner, 106
Berlin, Hirsh, 60, 65, 66
Berlin, Shmerka, 60-61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67
Berlinskii, Itska, 79
Berman, Yankel, 84
Bernardino of Siena, 21
Bezalel, Rabbi Judah Leib ben. See Maharal of
Prague
Biatystok pogrom, 192-93
Bible, Hebrew: evidence for Jewish ritual murder
in, claims regarding, 86, 163; golem in, 43-44;
Rozanov on, 160, 162
Bjerknes, Christopher Jon, 246
Black Hundreds movement, 212
blood, and Judaism/Jewish identity: in
circumcision ritual, 7, 162-63, 165-66, 176;
Dostoevsky on, 157; Nicholas Is special
commission on, 87-88; in ritual murder
concept, 81, 124-25, 175; Rozanov on, 161,
162, 166, 176; Russian Ministry of Internal
Affairs report on, 81
blood, and nationhood: early modern
understanding of, 7, 131; Jewish discourse on,
143-45
blood, ethnography of, 22, 31
blood libel: Holocaust as, 46, 146; Jewish
counter-legend to, 4, 39, 40, 41-49, 52-53,
120. See also ritual murder, Jewish
bloodthirsty Jew, trope of: in Russian culture,
literature, 9-10, 151, 158-59, 162-63, 165-
in Ukrainian folk poem, 223
Bochnia: expulsion of Jews from, 19, 24; witc
trial in, 19, 22, 32n6
Bodin, Jean, 26-27
Bogdanov, Anton, 79, 80, 84, 86, 88
Bogen, Boris, 205
Bolshevism, association of Jews with, 207, 22
224-26, 232, 235n23
Bonch-Bruevich, Vladimir, 210
Bowlt, John, 162
Brent, Jonathan, 242
Breza, Jan, 23
Brothers Karamazov, The (Dostoevsky), 158-
160
Buber, Salomon, 47
Bulota, Andrius, 104
Buschhoff, Adolf, 110, 112, 114-18, 125;
relations with neighbors, 110, 112, 114-1
as suspect in ritual murder, 116-18, 123
butchers (ritual slaughterers), Jewish, as susp
in ritual murder, 114, 119, 123-25
Bychkov, Vasilii Mikhailovich, 82
cannibalism, allegations of: blood libel replac
by, 227; as demonization of the other, 21,2
against Jews, 13, 14, 230-31
capitalism, and Jewish domination, anxieties
about, 6, 8
Casimir III the Great (King of Poland), 51,8
Catherine the Great (Empress of Russia), 73
Catholic Church: and antisemitism, 3-4, 5,
7, 103-4; changing relations with Jews,
269-72; condemnation of ritual murder lii
66, 71n36, 194, 195, 260; and Jewish ritual
murder libel, 3-4, 5, 40; and Sandomierz
church paintings, 253, 255; Second Vaticaj
Council and, 260, 269, 270; and Simon of
Trent’s cult, 257-60, 269; teachings about
Jews, 126n5
Central Asia, ritual murder accusations in, 2:
226-28
charity, refusal of, ritual murder charges as
revenge for, 65, 67-68
Charles the Bald (Holy Roman Emperor), 24
Charney, Daniel, 211,212,214
Index I 281
Cheberiak, Vera, 210
Chelminskaia, Maria, 225
Chernyshevsky, Nikolai, 167
children, frequent death of: in imperial Russia,
58-59; in medieval Christian society, 40. See
also under ritual murder
Chmielnicki pogroms, 50, 55n39
Chmielowski, Benedykt, 22
Christian(s)/Christianity: early, defamatory
clichés applied to, 21, 30, 33n20; folklore of,
and ritual murder accusations against Jews, 2,
3, 4, 5, 27, 39-40; projective inversion of ritual
in, 40, 250; and Soviet worldview, 247-48. See
also Catholic Church; Eucharist
Christ-kiîlers, charges against Jews as, 104,
126n5,222
circumcision: in Babel s Karl-Yankel,” 164, 165;
as blood sacrifice, 7, 162-63, 165-66, 176; and
carnality of Judaism, Rozanov on, 160,162-63;
Soviet agitprop trials of, 165; used as evidence
in ritual murder trials, 9, 77-78, 79, 85
Cisło, Mieczysław, 270
Clark, Stuart, 22, 27
Cohn, Norman, 21
collective memory, Jewish blood libel legends
and,52-53
collective performative acts, ritual murder
accusations as, 232
Cologne (Germany), 113, 258
communism: and feudalism, in Soviet
Russia, 213; Jews and, conspiracy theories
regarding, 8, 13, 222, 224-25 (see also Judeo-
Bolshevism); ritual murder carried out in
name of, 225 (see also Doctors Plot)
community, Jewish: Beilis trial and, 141, 163,
182-83, 186-87, 189; collective memory of,
Jewish blood libel legends and, 52-53; impact
of ritual murder trials on, 4, 24, 31, 141,
182-83, 186-87, 189 confessions, extracted
through torture: in medieval Europe, 1 -2, 3,
22; modern justice system and inadmissibility
of, 112; in Soviet Union, 239, 241, 248
Congress of Antisemites, 123
conspiracy, Jewish: Catholic-oriented
publications on, 103-4; Doctors Plot and
allegations of, 241, 245-47; liberalism/
capitalism and anxieties about, 6, 8, 246;
Perovskii report of 1853 on, 84; Protocols of
the Elders of Zion on, 8, 222, 243, 244, 246,
247; Rozanov on, 162; theories of, 222; World
War II blamed on, 247
converted Jews: medieval images of, 244;
suspicions regarding, 79, 83-84, 244-45;
testimony on ritual murder, 98, 175, 184n8
Council of Trent, 257, 258
Cracow (Poland), ritual murder accusations in,
25, 220, 231
Crémieux, Adolphe, 12, 188
Crimea, failed project of Jewish homeland in, 246
Crime and Punishment (Dostoevsky), 153
crucifixion: of Christ, Jews held responsible
for, 104, 126n5, 222; in Jewish ritual murder,
images of, 81, 258, 263, 264; in Jewish ritual
murder, popular beliefs regarding, 40, 125,
158, 159, 250
Cubo-Futurists, 162
Czartoryski, Kazimierz Florian, 23
Czech Communist Party, anti-Jewish purges in,
242
Czech nationalism: and ritual murder trial, 118.
See also Polné; Prague
Dal , Vladimir, 4, 8, 80, 82-83
Damascus Affair, 86, 112, 172, 188, 192
Danilevskii, Nikolai, 153-55
Darwin, Charles, 131
Day of Judaism (Poland), 270-71
Dekel-Chen, Jonathan, 10, 11
deliverance legends, Jewish, 39
de Preo, Carlo, 263-65
De probatis sanctorum historiis (Approved
Histories of the Saints), 258
Derzhavin, Gavriil, 66
Dimanshtein, Shimon, 212
Dimśa, Petras, 97, 98
Disraeli, Benjamin, 157
Dobroliubov, Nikolai, 152
Doctors’ Plot, 13-14, 238-41; as blood libel,
238, 240, 248, 249-50; events leading up to,
241-42, 249-50; and international conspiracy
allegations, 241, 245-47; medieval tropes used
in, 242-43, 244, 245
Dostoevsky, Fyodor, 156-59; antirationalist
stance of, 151-52; Danilevskii and, 153-54;
on Jewish question, 156-57, 167, 169n37;
on Jewish ritual murder, 158-59; racialized
concepts and, 153-54, 157; Rozanov and, 160;
and trope of bloodthirsty Jew, 9, 158-59; on
vitality of Jews, 151, 160
dream(s), in Jewish blood libel legends, 41, 63
“Dream of a Ridiculous Man, The”
(Dostoevsky), 160
282 I Index
Dreyfus, Alfred, 172, 190
Drohobycz, Ad il Kikinesh of, 46-52
D-skii, S., 177-78, 182
Dundes, Alan, 40, 250, 251
Dunham, Vera, 249
Durnovo, N. S., 80, 83, 87
Düsseldorf (Germany), 113
Easter. See Passover
East European Jews: assimilation of, weak
degree of, 104; immigration of, Western Jews
ambivalence regarding, 190, 199, 203n59;
transnational intercession on behalf of, 10-13,
187, 188-89, 191-93
economic activities, Jewish: suspicions/
resentment of, 96, 103, 104, 205; and ritual
murder accusations, 62, 68
Ehrenburg, Ilya, 211
EbHaj, Nadia Abu, 146
Elijah (prophet): in Jewish blood libel legends,
41; at Passover seder, 54nl 1
Elijah of Chelm, Rabbi, 44
Elisavetgrad pogrom, 5
Elizabeth I (Queen of England), 243
emancipation of European Jewry, and ritual
murder discourse, 6, 12, 111
emancipation of serfs, in Russia, 191,20 In 16;
and relations with Jews, 159
Engelstein, Laura, 162-63
England: execution of Jewish physician in, 243;
pogroms in imperial Russia and, 192-93;
reaction to Beilis trial, 193-94; ritual murder
accusations in, 2, 175
Erasmus of Formia, Saint, 266
Eremeeva, Anna, 57, 60, 63
Essay on the Inequality of the Human Races
(Gobineau), 153
Estherke (beloved of Casimir the Great), 51
Estraikh, Gennady, 13, 187
ethnography: of blood, 22, 31; medieval
superstition and, 140; role in ritual murder
trials, 9, 131, 133; and self-fulfilling
prophecies, 146. See also anthropology
ethnolinguistic nationalisms, 103
Etinger, Yakov, 241
Eucharist: as cannibalistic feast, pagan Romans
on, 21; merger with Passion and Nativity, in
ritual murder trials, 22; projective inversion
of, ritual murder accusations against Jews as,
40, 250; witch trials involving, 23, 24. See also
host desecration
evolutionism, 131-32, 146; Russian scholars
132-33, 138
Exchange of Compliments (Jabotinsky), 144—
execution: of Jews, for alleged ritual murder,
35n41, 48, 49; of witches, 24
expulsion of Jews: complicity of local authori
in, 29; from Prague, 195; ritual murder
accusations and, 4, 19, 21, 24, 31
faith, crises of, and ritual murder accusationí
against Jews, 248, 250
Family Question in Russia, The (Rozanov),
160-61
famine(s), in early Soviet Union: cannibalisn
during, 230; and confiscation of church
valuables, 206, 207, 209, 210, 213, 214; anc
ritual murder accusations, 249
Farkás, Gábor, 120
Fedak, Ivan M,, 229
Ferrer, Vincent, 21
folklore: evil, 40. See also legend(s); oral culti
folk medicine, role in Jewish communities, 6
Ford, Henry, 246
forensic medicine, in ritual murder trials, 2,
9, 112, 130
Fourier, Charles, 154
France: Dreyfus Affair in, 190; Jewish advocs
in, 188, 196; witch trials in, 21, 68
Franco, Ambrogio, 260
Frank, Friedrich, 111, 126n5
Frank, Jacob, 184n8
Frank, Leo, 190, 196
Frankel, Jonathan, 74, 91nl0
Frankfurter, David, 30
Frazer, James, 131, 132, 134, 140, 141, 142, L
Frunze (Kirgizia), antisemitism in, 227
Fuchs, Alexandra Andreevna, 135
Fuchs, Karl Friedrich, 135
Fuks, Albert, 205, 206, 208, 212-13, 215
Fulda (Germanic town), ritual murder
accusation in, 2
Funkenstein, Amos, 40
Gelbak, Leib, 143
Gelbert, Josel, 100, 101, 102
Georgia, ritual murder trial in, 111, 158
Geraci, Robert, 147n7
Germany: assimilated Jews in, Nazi propagai
on, 245; Jewish advocacy organization in,
response to Beilis trial, 196, 197, 199; Nazi
legitimation of antisemitism by, 220, 223-
Index I 283
229, 230; peasant attitudes toward Jews in,
116; ritual murder trials in, 9, 110, 111, 112,
113-18, 123,175; witch trials in, 68. See also
specific locations
Gersevanov, Nikolai, 153
Giers, Aleksandr Karlovich, 87, 88
Gindin, Meir, 205-6, 208, 211,212
Gippius, Zinaida, 163
Gobineau, Arthur de, 153, 155
Golden Bough, The (Frazer), 132, 142
Golden Rose of Lwow, 49
Golem legends, 39, 43-46, 54nl7
Golitsyn, Count Aleksandr, 66
Goloshchekin, Filipp, 226
Gorky, Maxim, 164, 207
Gottwald, Klement, 242
“Great Russian” chauvinists, 84
Gregory XII, Pope, 258
Gregory XIII, Pope, 258
Grodno, ritual murder charge in, 66
Gromyko, Andrei, 250
Grossman, Leonid, 158
Grotius, Hugo, 19, 29, 33n20
Gruzenberg, Oskar, 163
Guglina, Minareiza, 79-80
guilt, projective inversion of; ritual murder
accusations against Jews as, 40, 250; in Soviet
antisemitic campaigns, 250-51
Gurland, H. J., 50
Habsburg Empire. See Austria-Hungary
Halbwachs, Maurice, 52
Handler, Andrew, 121
Handt, Wilhelm van de, 115
Harrison, Marguerite, 206
Hasid, Rabbi Judah, 44
Hasid, Rabbi Samuel, 44
Hasidism: Beilis trial and targeting of, 166, 177,
178; mysticism associated with, 68; suspicions
regarding, 86
Hearst, William Randolph, 194
Hebrew Bible. See Bible
Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society, New York, 188
Hegmann, Heinrich, 115
Hegmann, Johann, 110, 113-14, 117, 123
Heinrich Institoris, 21-22, 27
heretics, defamatory clichés applied to, 21, 30,
33n20
hermeneutical Jew, of medieval Christian
theology, 22
Herodotus, 135
Herzen, Alexander, 134-35
Herzl, Theodor, 143
Heynick, E, 243
Hilfsverein der deutschen Juden, 196, 197, 199
Hilsner, Leopold, 112, 118, 123, 125
Hinderbach, Johannes, 257
Hindin, Meir. See Gindin
Hirsch, Baron de, 188
History of the World (Schedel), 258,259
Hitler, Adolf, 247. See also Nazism
Hofshteyn, Dovid, 241
Holocaust, blood libels and, 46, 146
Holocaust survivors: golem legend among,
45-46; in Soviet Union, 230, 247
Holy Roman Empire, ritual murder libel in, 2
Horn, Eva, 244
host desecration, by Jews: medieval stories of, 4;
trials for, in early modern Poland, 19, 23, 24,
32n3; witch trials and accusations of, 19, 22,
24-25, 32n6
Hrúzova, Anežka, 118, 123, 124
Hsia, R. Po-chia, 22, 26
Hubicki, Szymon, 19, 28
human sacrifice: anthropologists/ethnographers
on, 9, 131, 132, 141; Jewish, Perovskii
report on, 86; Jewish, popular stereotype
of, 140; logic of, in Russian nationalism,
142; as scapegoating, 132-33, 141; Votiak,
accusations of, 133-39. See also ritual murder
Idel, Moshe, 44, 54n24
IFA. See Israel Folktale Archives
images, of Jewish ritual murder, 257; in Ministry
of Internal Affairs report, 81; in Nuremburg,
22; in Sandomierz, 4-5, 253, 254, 261-63,
262, 263, 266-69, 270-71; Simon of Trents
cult and, 4-5, 257, 259, 261, 264, 266, 267,
271,272
images, of Jews, in medieval Christian art, 21, 22
immigration: of East European Jews, Western
Jews’ ambivalence regarding, 190, 199,
203n59; of Mendel Beilis, 189, 190, 194, 197,
198-99; of Soviet Jews, to Israel, 249-50
infanticide: in early modern Russia, 58-59;
among Jews, biblical story used as proof of,
86; medieval superstitions regarding, 21, 23,
26. See also ritual murder, Jewish
Infanticidia (Sandomierz painting), 253,254,
261
Innocent IV, Pope, on ritual murder libel, 66,
71n36, 194
284 j Index
inquisition: in medieval ritual murder trials,
1-2; Soviet practices compared to, 248. See
also torture
lnstitoris, Heinrich, 21-22, 27
international assistance, Jewish, 10-13, 188-89;
anxieties regarding, 207, 245-47; Beilis trial
and, 11, 187-90, 193-99
international conspiracy, allegations of, Doctors’
Plot and, 241,245-47
International Jew, The (Ford), 246, 247
Israel: blood group population genetics in, 145,
146; establishment of, 248, 249; propaganda
against, blood libel and, 14; Soviet Jews’
emigration to, 249-50
Israel Folktale Archives (IFA), 41, 53nl0 54nl7
Italy: ritual murder accusations in, 14. See also
Trent
Iurlov, Fedor, 79, 84, 88
Iushchinskii, Andrei, 172, 185; grave of, 14;
killers of, 172; wounds of, 172, 176-82,
179-81
Iushkevicher, Iankel, 79-80, 84, 85, 86, 88
Ivanov, Erne Han, 56, 57, 59, 64
Ivanov, Fedor, 56, 57, 58
Ivanovna, Mar’ia, 79
Iwaszkiewicz, Jarosław, 266
Jabotinsky, Vladimir (Zeev), 144-45
JAFC. See Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee
Jaworski, Rudolf, 104
Jew(s): Babel on, 166-67; depiction in medieval
Christian art, 21, 22; as diaspora nationality,
248; Dostoevsky on, 156-59, 167, I69n37;
nationalism of, blood libel and, 146; as the
other, 103, 224-25; racialized concepts of, 141,
142-43, 153, 157; restrictions on residence of,
62, 71n21; Rozanov on, 160-63, 167; vitality
of, Russian writers on, 151, 160, 163, 166, 167.
«See also specific topics and locations
Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee (JAFC), trial of,
241,246
Jewish blood libel legend, 4, 39, 40, 41-49,
52-53, 120
Jewish Colonization Association, 188
“Jewish Question, The” (Dostoevsky), 156-57,
160, 167
Jewish ritual murder. See under ritual murder
Jewish Ritual Murder, The (Schramm), 225-26
John Paul II, Pope, 269
Joint Distribution Committee, 205, 207, 210;
Doctors’ Plot and allegations against, 245-46
Josephus (historian), 163
Judaism: carnal, Rozanovs theory of, 160,
161, 162-63, 166; major texts of, suspicion
regarding, 7-8, 17nl9; and ritual murder of
gentiles, Pranaitis on, 174-75. See also bloo
and Judaism; Kabbalah; Talmud; Zohar
Judeo-Bolshevism, myth of, 207, 222, 224-26,
232, 235n23
Judith (apocryphal heroine), 51
Junkermann, Heinrich, 9, 117-18, 123
Kabbalah, 184n6; and ritual bloodletting: Belli
trial testimonies on, 182; popular beliefs
regarding, 7-8; Russian writers on, 176
Kalinin, Mikhail, 211
Kanin, Stepan, 75, 76, 78
Kapralski, Sławomir, 255
Karamzin, Nikolai Mikhailovich, 135
“Karl-Yankel” (Babel), 164-67
Karniolin-Pinskii, Matvei Mikhailovich, 81
Kasachevskaia, Daria, 64-65, 67
Katz, Hirsh, 97, 98
Kavelin, A. A., 81
Kazan: alleged Jewish atrocities in, 82; Votiak
people in vicinity of, charges against, 133-3
Kazan University, ethnographers affiliated witl
135, 136, 137-38
Kermenskii (investigating officer in Telshi), 91
Khovanskii, Nikolai Nikolaevich, 69
Khrushchev, Nikita, 225
Khvol’son, Daniil Avraamovich, 87, 88, 9In 10,
93n49, 93n59
Kielce pogrom, 220, 270
Kierel, Szymon, 22
Kiev (Kyiv): anti-Je wish pogrom of 1944 in, 22
Beilis trial in, 111, 172; Nazi occupation of,
224-26; return of Soviet power in, 225; trop
of bloodthirsty Jew in, 223. See also Beilis
ritual murder trial
Kieval, Hillel, 6, 9, 173, 243-44
Kiev University, 140
Kikinesh, Adil, 46-52
Kikinesh, Moshe, 46, 47, 48
Kirghizia, ritual murder accusations in, 226-2;
Kishinev pogrom, 193
Kisin, Abram, 63
Klaipeda (Lithuania), refugee crisis in, 188
Kleczew (Poland), witch trials in, 19
Klier, John, 80, 92n27, 153
Kmita, Jan Achacy, 19
Kochetov, loakim Semenovich, 82-83
índex 285
Kogan, Boris, 240
Kogan, Mikhail, 240
Kokhanskii, Vasilii, 59
Koldovsky, Samson, 209-11
Rolling, Bernd, 117
Koftsov, Mikhail, 209
Koni, Alexander, 159
Konitz (Germany), ritual murder trial in, 111,
112, 118
Korey, William, 215
Kornblatt, Judith Deutsch, 176, 177
Korolenko, Vladimir, 133
Kovno (Lithuania): restrictions on Jewish
residence in, 62, 71n21. See also Telshi
Kraków (Poland). See Cracow
Krasnowski, Jerzy, 266-69
Kriuger (Saratov provincial secretary), 84-85,
86, 88
Kronstadt rebellion, 207
Kryvyi Rih (Ukraine), ritual murder accusation
in, 231
Kucharzowa, Katarzyna, 24
Kumzovna, Karolina, 97, 98
Kunia, ritual murder accusation in, 25
Kuéeliauskas, Serafinas Laurynas, 104
Kuskova, Yekaterina, 210
Kutaisi, ritual murder trial in, 111, 158
Kuznetsov, S. K., 136
Kyiv. See Kiev
Laba, Shiomo, 45
Lambek, Michael, 30
Langmuir, Gavin, 222, 240, 248, 250
legend(s): Christian, of Jewish ritual murder, 2,
3, 4, 5, 27, 39-40, 68, 69n5, 111; definition
of, 39; Jewish, in response to ritual murder
libel, 4, 39, 40, 41-49, 52-53, 120; as sites of
memory, 52-53; of witchcraft, 3, 27
Leib, Aryeh, 46
Lenin, Vladimir, 207, 209, 211, 221, 226
Leningrad, siege of, 230
Leo Frank Affair, 190, 196
Levison, Vasilii Andreevich, 87, 88
liberalism: backlash against, and antisemitism, 7,
8, 246; in imperial Russia, Beilis trial and, 186,
189, 190, 191
lieux de mémoire (sites of memory), 253, 254,
272; legends as, 52-53
Limor, Ora, 40
Lindanus, William Damasus, 260
Lippomano, Luigi, 23, 258
literature, antisemític: Lithuanian, 103-4; Polish,
25-26, 27-28, 96-97, 98, 99; Russian, 8, 9-10,
81,89, 156-63, 164-67
Lithuanian lands: antisemític ideology
in, 103-4; blood libel in, 95-96, 105;
reenactment of Christ s Passion in, 96. See
also peasants, Lithuanian; Polish-Lithuanian
Commonwealth
Liutostanskii, Ippolit, 91nl0
Lokotkov (Saratov suspect), 78, 88
Lopez, Rodrigo, 243
Łosice (Poland), ritual murder accusation in,
23,24
Lowenthat, David, 255
Lublin (Poland): restrictions on Jewish residence
in, 62; ritual murder trials in, 1-2, 19, 24, 28;
witch trial in, 19
Lukashevich (inspector), 60, 65
Luther, Martin, 243
Lviv: cannibalism in, allegations of, 230-31;
historical memory of blood libel in, 223; Kazi
occupation and legitimation of antisemitism
in, 223-24, 229, 230; pogrom of 1941 in, 232;
Polish-Ukrainian alliance against Jews in, 220,
232; ritual murder accusation in, 13, 228-33;
under Soviet rule, 228; during World War II,
220, 228
Lwów, Golden Rose of, 49
Maciejowski, Bishop, 19
Madruzzo, Cristoforo, 257
magic: Judaism associated with, 22, 68; vs.
science, in ritual murder trials, 173, 183
Magnitskii, Vasilii Konstantinovich, 137
Maharal of Prague (Rabbi Judah Leib ben
Bezalel), 54nl2; legends about, 41-46
Maksimov, Sergei Vasilyevich, 135-36
Maksimova, Avdoťia, 64
Malik, Iakov, 250
Malleus maleficarum (Hammer of witches),
21-22, 27, 36n66
Mariani, Michel Angelo, 260
Maria Teresa {Empress of Austria-Hungary), 195
Markish, Peretz, 241
Marshall, Louis, 192, 198
Martha (daughter of Boethus), 50
martyrdom: in Jewish blood libel legends, 46-52;
of victims of alleged ritual murder, 14, 23, 25.
See also Simon of Trent
Martyrologium Romanům, 257, 258-60
Maslov, Mikhail, 75, 76-78, 85, 86
286 I Index
Matteoni, Francesca» 31
Maze, Jacob, 212
medicine: Doctors* Plot and, 243; Jewish
race from perspective of, 143; medieval
superstition and, 140, 242; use in ritual
murder trials, 2, 6, 7, 8-9, 76-78, 173-74, 244
medieval Europe: Jewish converts in, suspicion
regarding, 244; Jewish physicians in, 242-43;
ritual murder trials in, 1-2, 4, 17nl9, 175,
249; witch trials in, 3, 18-20, 22, 23-24, 27,
30, 35n32
Meir, Golda, 246
Memel (Lithuania), refugee crisis in, 188
memory: collective, Jewish blood libel legends
and, 52-53; sites of (lieux de mémoire), 253,
254, 272
Merchant of Venice (Shakespeare), 247
Merezhkovskii, Dmitrii, 161, 163
Miczyński, Sebastjan, 22, 24, 25, 27, 29, 31
Mikhoels, Solomon, 230, 240, 241, 245, 246
Ministry of internal Affairs (Russia),
investigation into Jewish ritual murder, 80-83,
87, 89
Minsk, ritual murder allegations in, 68
Mirandola, Gianfrancesco Pico della, 26
Mirele of Brahilov, 49
Miriam (daughter of Boethus), 49-50
misogyny, in witchcraft accusations, 20, 30
Modebdze, Sara Iosifovna, 158
Mogilev province, Jewish population in: ritual
murder charges against, 68; Saratov ritual
murder case and alleged connections to, 80, 84
Mogilner, Marina, 7, 9
Molotov, Viacheslav, 230, 246
Montefiore, Claude, 93n49
Montefiore, Moshe (Moses), 12, 188
Mortara Affair, 188, 195
Moscow: in early Soviet era, 204-5; Jewish
population in, 205, 214; ritual murder
accusation in, 13, 187, 204, 208-13, 215
Moscow Jewish Religious Community, 205
Moscow Society for Helping Jews in Need, 205
Moskvin, Ivan Nikolaev, 75-76
Multan human sacrifice case, 133; Beilis
trial compared to, 140, 147n7, 159; expert
testimony at, 137-39
Murav, Harriet, 9, 147n7, 176
Musiał, Stanisław, 270
mysticism: in Beilis ritual murder trial, 176-77,
178; in Hasidic communities, 68; in late
imperial Russia, 173
Nakhamkis, Ovshii, 213
Nash, Manning, 30
Nathan, Paul, 113
nation(s): blood as trope for, 7, 131; life span c
Danilevskii on, 154
nationalism: Jewish, blood libel and, 146; and
pogroms against Jews, 95, 102-3; and ritual
murder charges against Jews, 6» 130; science
and, 146
nationality: Jewish, blood and, 6-7, 143-45;
racialized notions of, 152, 156
Naumov, Vladimir, 242
Nazism, and antisemitism, 220, 223-25, 229,
230, 232
neighborhood disputes: and ritual murder
charges, 5, 65, 67-68, 139; and witchcraft
charges, 67
Neophyte (Noah Belfer), 175
Neo-Primitivists, 161
Ner, Zvi Rav, 270
New Economic Policy (NEP), Soviet, 205, 207; a
antisemitic sentiments, 205, 213; ritual murd
accusations during early years of, 13, 204
newspapers. See press
Nicholas I (Tsar of Russia): ritual murder
accusations against Jews and, 5, 87, 99-100;
suppression of Uniate Church under, 70nl7
Nicholas II (Tsar of Russia): anti֊ Jewish
policies of, Western pressure regarding, 192
assassination of, presented as ritual murder,
226; Beilis trial and, 189, 190; pogroms duri
rule of, 222; Revolution of 1905 and, 185; ar
State Duma, 186
Nider, Johannes, 26, 30
Nirenberg, David, 248-49
Nitkiewicz, Krzysztof, 271
Nora, Pierre, 52, 253, 254
Nordau, Max, 143, 144
Nuremburg city hall, stained glass art in, 22
Ohriady zhidovskie (Jewish Rites), 81, 92n27
“Odessa” (Babel), 164, 166
Odorico, Raynaldo, 258
officials: and expulsion of Jews, complicity in,
29; and mob violence following ritual murd*
accusations, efforts to prevent, 100-101, 101
117; response to ritual murder charges, 98-i
105-6; Soviet, stance against antisemitism, 1
212, 213, 214-15, 221, 227-28, 229-32; viev
of, and investigation of ritual murder charge
98-99
Index I 287
Old Multan: Votiaks of, 133. See also Multan
human sacrifice case
Olfactory and Tactile Relationship of Jews to
Blood, The (Rozanov), 161, 166, 177
Operation Vistula, 232
oral culture: and ritual murder accusations, 68,
70n5, 96, 98. See also Iegend(s); rumors
Origins of Languages, The (Renan), 152
Ostling, Michael, 3, 4
otherness: defamatory clichés associated with,
21, 30; of Jews, nationalistic ideology and, 103;
of Jews, Nazi brutality and, 224-25; Russian
nationalism and, 139, 142
Ottoman Empire: ritual murder charges in,
188 (see also Damascus Affair); Russia’s war
against, Dostoevsky on, 156
Pale of Settlement, 62; conversion as way to
escape, 84; pogroms of 1880s in, 96, 104-5
Passover (Easter): anti-Jewish sentiment during,
96; misrepresentation of Jewish rituals at, 40,
86; Prophet Elijah at, 41, 54nl 1; ritual murder
accusations during, 2, 7, 40, 48, 56, 96,118,
175
Pavlov, Evgenii Vasilevich, 140
Pavskii, Gerasim Petrovich, 87, 88
peasants, German, attitudes toward Jews, 116
peasants, Lithuanian: attitudes toward Jews,
97, 104; testimonies in ritual murder
investigation, 97, 98; vigilante justice
threatened by, 100-101, 102, 105-6
peasants, Russian: attitudes toward Jews, 206-7;
discourse of ritual murder used by, 139;
emancipation of, and relations with Jews, 159;
vs. Jews, Dostoevsky on, 157; in Kronstadt
rebellion of 1921, 207; Russian identity
embodied by, 142; at turn of 20th century,
186, 191
Peretz, L L., 49
Perovskii, Lev Alekseevich, 81-82; report on
Jewish ritual murder, 83-87
Peter of Bern, 26
Petrashevskii circle, 153
Petravičius, Juozapas, 97, 98
Petrycy, Sebastian, 28
philanthropy. See transnational intercession
Pietromartino di Anversa, Simonino da Trento
by, 266, 267
Pobedonostsev, Konstantin, 159
pogroms against Jews: explanations for, 5-6,
95, 101, 102-6; in imperial Russia, 5-6, 102,
188, 192-93, 221-22; in Pale of Settlement
(1880s), 96, 104-5; in Polish-Lithuanian
Commonwealth, 50, 55n39, 95, 101, 102;
Revolution of 1905 and, 102, 188, 193; ritual
murder accusations and, 24, 95, 190; during
Russian Civil War, 189, 221; in Soviet Union,
207-8, 232; Western Jews’ response to,
192-93; after World War II, 219-20, 230
Polacco, Martino Teofilo, 261
Poland, early modern. See Polish-Lithuanian
Commonwealth
Poland, post-World War II: anti-Jewish
violence in, 36n46, 219-20, 230; culturally
homogeneous population of, 255; ritual
murder accusations in, 220, 231
Poland, present-day: Catholic-Jewish relations
and dialogue in, 269-72; church paintings
of Jewish ritual murder in, 4-5, 253, 254,
261-63,262, 263, 266-69, 270-71; memory
about Jews in, 253-55, 256
Poles, and Ukrainians, alliance against Jews, 220,
232, 237n60
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth: animosity
toward Jews in, 25-26, 27-28; Christian-
Jewish interactions in, 19, 31-32, 38n92, 62,
96-97; demonological literature in, 18-19,
26-27; expulsion of Jews from, 4, 19, 21, 24,
29; host-desecration trials in, 19, 23, 24, 32n3;
partitions of, 57, 175; pogroms against Jews
in, 50, 55n39, 95, 101, 102; restrictions on
Jewish residence in, 62, 71 n21 ; ritual murder
accusations/trials against Jews in, 1-2, 3, 4,
16n7, 19, 22, 23-24, 31, 175, 253, 261; Simon
of Trents cult and, 4-5, 25, 260-61; tracts on
ritual murder in, 24-26, 27-28; witch trials
in, 3, 18-20, 22, 23-24, 27, 30, 35n32. See also
Lithuanian lands; specific locations
Polish nationalism, 103, 109n46
politics, and ritual murder charges, 130
Polnâ, ritual murder trial in, 111, 112, 118,
123-25
Prague: anti-Jewish purges in, 242; expulsion of
Jews from, 195; Holocaust survivors in, golem
legend among, 45-46
praise legends (aggadot shevah), 39, 43
Pranaitis, Justin (Justinas) Bonaventūra, 8, 103,
161, 174-75, 177
Praszka, expulsion of Jews from, 4, 24
press: on Beilis trial, 166, 173, 193-94, 196;
Catholic Lithuanian, antisemitic stereotypes
in, 104; on Doctors’ Plot, 238, 239-41,
288 I Index
press (cont.)
243, 244, 245-47; and Jewish transnational
intercession, 11, 12; on Kutaisi trial, 158;
Lithuanian, and anti-Jewish violence, 101,
108n39; on Moscow trial, 13, 208, 209-10,
212,213; on Polné trial, 124; and ritual
murder accusations, sensationalization
of, 2, 12, 28, 111; Russian, as challenge to
autocracy, 186; Russian, on “Jewish question,’*
191; Russian, racialized concepts in, 152;
on Śalnaićiai ritual murder accusation,
101, 108n39; Ukrainian, on Nicholas Ils
assassination, 226; on Votiak sacrificial rituals,
137, 139; Western, on antisemitism in early
Soviet Russia, 207; Western, on Beilis trial,
193-94, 196; Western, on Moscow trial, 13,
210, 212; Western, on pogroms in Russia, 193;
on Xanten ritual murder trial, 116
Primitive Culture (Tylor), 131-32
primitivism, 161. See also savagery
projective inversion: ritual murder accusations
against Jews as, 40, 250; in Soviet Union,
250-51
Prokof eva, Agaf’ia, 56, 57, 59, 63, 64
Prokof eva, Kharitina, 56, 64
Protocols of the Elders of Zion, 8, 222, 243, 244,
246, 247
Pruszcz, Piotr Hyacinth, 26
Przemyśl (Poland), host-desecration accusation
in, 22, 24-25, 32n6
Purim (Jewish holiday), Christian suspicions
regarding, 40, 85-86, 93n49
Rabinbach, Anson, 244
race(s): competition of, Social Darwinism on,
141; concept of, biology vs. culture in, 152;
Danilevskii on, 154, 155; inferior, as sacrificial
scapegoat, 142; and Jewish identity, 6-7, 141,
142-43, 153, 157; types of, Gobineau on, 153;
use of term in 19th century, 152, 154
racialist theories: absence in Lithuanian
antisemític ideology, 104; of Jewish ritual
murder, 2, 6-7, 140-41; in Russia, 153-55; in
Western Europe, 153, 154
Rafes, Moyshe, 213-14
Rawa (Poland), expulsion of Jews from, 4, 24
Reed, Andrew, 4, 9, 173
Reitzes, Hayim and Joshua, 46, 49
Renan, Ernst, 152
resettlement programs, for East European Jews,
188, 189. See also immigration
revenge, ritual murder charges as, 65, 67-68
Revolution of 1905 (Russia), 185; and pogrom
against Jews, 102, 188, 193, 222
Ricchi, Pietro, 261
Rinkevičius, Nikodemas, 100
ritual murder, Jewish: Beilis trial and
confirmation of, 141, 163, 182-83, 186-87,
189; Dostoevsky on, 158-59; doubts
regarding, 28-29; fascination with, 131;
folklore/legends of, 2, 3, 4, 5, 27, 39-40, 68,
69n5, 111; iconographie vocabulary of, 257;
Nicholas II’s assassination presented as, 226
Perovskii report on, 83-87; Polish tracts on,
24-26, 27-28; Pope Innocent IV’s rejection
of, 66, 71n36, 194; popular conceptions of,
111, 122; Rozanov on, 161, 162, 176; Russiaj
Ministry of Internal Affairs report on, 80-8.
87. See also images, of Jewish ritual murder
ritual murder accusations against Jews:
anti-communist propaganda and, 224-25;
antisemitism and, 62, 68, 222; Catholic
Church and condemnation of, 66, 71n36,
194, 260; Catholic Church and spread of,
3-4, 5, 40; in Central Asia, 222, 226-28; as
collective performative acts, 232; contingent
vs. structure in, 125; crises of faith and, 248,
250; cultural trends in Russia and, 151, 161,
162, 163, 176; Doctors Plot compared to, 23
240, 248, 249-50; in early modern Europe,
2, 3-4, 6-9, 11-12; economic rivalries and,
62, 68; ethnographic discourse and, 9, 131;
evolution of, 173-74; explanations for, 5, 14,
40, 62, 64-65, 67-68, 248, 250; and expulsio
of Jews, 4, 19, 21, 24, 31; history of, 2, 175;
Jewish blood libel legend in response to, 4, 3
40, 41-49, 52-53, 120; in medieval Europe,
1-2, 4, 17nl9, 175, 249; neighborhood
disputes and, 5, 65, 67-68, 139; persistence
of, 14, 58; and pogroms against Jews, 24,
95, 190; as projective inversion of Christian
ritual, 40, 250; religious and civic authorities
discrediting, 66-67; religious roots of, 3-4, 5
7; rumors and, 5, 11, 14, 57, 59, 64-65, 68, 7!
83, 97-98, 100, 117-18, 120-21; in Russian
Empire, 57, 66-67, 68, 73, 89, 175-76; Russii
Great Reforms of 1860s and, 130; scholarshi]
on, 2-3; secularization of, 6, 11-12; small
towns and, 3, 6, 70n5, 112-1 3; Soviet
government’s response to, 13, 212, 213, 220;
Soviet Union, 13, 187, 204, 208-13, 220, 221
222-23, 226-28, 248; transnational efforts to
Index I 289
combat, 10-13, 187-90; and violence against
Jews, 24, 31, 36n46, 99, 219-20; Votiak
sacrificial ritual accusations compared to, 136,
137; before World War I, 111
ritual murder trial(s): appeals to science
and medicine at, 2, 6, 7, 8-9, 76, 112,
117-18, 123, 130-31, 173-74, 244; church
authorities intervention in, 23; cultural work
accomplished by, 20; decline in Western and
Central Europe, 57; defense in, 12; impact on
Jewish communities, 4, 24, 31, 141, 182-83,
186-87, 189; legal measures preventing, 66-
67, 90n2; medieval, 1-2, 4, 17nl9, 175; merger
of Eucharist, Passion, and Nativity in, 22;
modern, 111-12, 122-23; sensationalization
of, 2,12, 28, 111; suspects in, identifying,
116-18, 125; witch trials compared to, 3, 4,
20-24, 30-31, 67-68. See also specific trials/
locations
Rogger, Hans, 14, 168nl
Roth, Cecil, 40, 242
Rothberg, Michael, 272
Rothschild, Nathaniel, 193, 194, 195
Rozanov, Vasilii, 8, 159-63; antirationalist stance
of, 151-52; and Babel, 165-66, 167; and
Dostoevsky, 160; on Jewish ritual murder, 161,
162, 176; Olfactory and Tactile Relationship
of Jews to Blood, The, 161, 166, 177; “Secret
Writing of the Jews, The,” 161-62; and trope
of bloodthirsty Jew, 9, 162-63, 165-66; on
vitality of Jews, 151, 160, 163
Rozanov, Vladimir, 149n38
Rubin, Miri, 31
rumors: and demonization of the other, 21,
30; origins of, 128n27; and ritual murder
accusations against Jews, 5, 11, 14, 57, 59,
64-65, 68, 79, 83, 97-98, 100, 117-18, 120-21;
of Votiak sacrificial rituals, 137
Russia and Europe (Danilevskii), 153
Russian antisemític literature: Babel and,
164-67; Dostoevsky and, 9, 156-59; Ministry
of Internal Affairs report (1844) and, 81;
Rozanov and, 8, 159-63; Saratov ritual
murder trial and, 89; trope of bloodthirsty Jew
in, 9-10, 158-59
Russian Civil War: anti-Bolshevik propaganda
during, 224, 235n23; anti-Jewish pogroms
during, 189, 221
Russian Empire: blood libel in, spread of,
175-76; government response to ritual
murder charges in, 5, 87, 99-10(3, 105-6,
173; Great Reforms of 1860s in, 130, 191,
201nl6; heterogeneous society of, challenges
associated with, 132, 139; infant mortality
in, 58-59; Jewish population of, 57; Ministry
of Internal Affairs report on Jewish ritual
murder in, 80-83, 87; Perovskii report on
Jewish ritual murder in, 83-87; pogroms
against Jews in, 5-6, 102, 188, 192-93, 221-
22; ritual murder accusations in, 5, 57, 66-67,
68, 73, 89, 175-76; ritual murder trials in,
legal requirements for, 66-67, 90n2; upheavals
at turn of 20th century, 139, 185-86, 190-91;
war against Ottoman Empire, Dostoevsky on,
156. See also specific locations
Russian identity: ambiguity at turn of 20th
century, 139, 141-42; Danilevskii on, 155;
fears of Jewish efforts to undermine, 83-84,
89
Russian nation: organicist model of, 156. See also
peasants, Russian
Russian nationalism, and ritual murder charges
against Jews, 130, 139, 141-42
Ryvkin, Miron, 61
Sakharov, Andrei, 236n59
Salmonowicz, Stanisław, 21
Šalnaičiai (ViFna province): anti-Jewish violence
in, 6, 101; ritual murder accusation in,
100-102, 108n30
Samoilov, David, 204
Sandomierz (Poland): church paintings of Jewish
ritual murder in, 4-5, 253, 254, 261-63, 262,
263, 266-69, 270-71; evolution of Jewish-
Christian relations and, 270-72; ritual murder
accusations in, 4, 22, 24, 26, 253, 255, 261,
266-69; witch trial in, 22
Saratov (Russia): history of, 73-74; Jewish
population in, 73, 74, 83-84
Saratov ritual murder trial, 4, 9, 73, 74-80;
Alexander II on, 88, 89; medical reports used
in, 76-78, 173; Perovskii report on, 83-87;
and perpetuation of blood libel, 89; special
commission on, 87-88, 93n58; State Council
on, 88-89; suspects in, 78-80, 84, 88, 90nl; as
turning point in anti-Jewish sentiments, 74,
89-90
Sauer, Lorenz, 258
savagery: anthropological perspectives on,
132, 141; in development of races/nations,
Danilevskii on, 154; fascination with,
transition to modernity and, 139-40; Jews
290 I Index
savagery (cant.)
associated with, in early modern Europe, 9,
21, 140; as “survival,” 141. See also human
sacrifice
scapegoating: in Beilis trial, 141-42; human
sacrifice as, 132-33, 141
Scharf, József, 119-22
Schedel, Hartmann, History of the World, 258,259
Schiff, Jacob, 192, 196, 202n39
Schramm, Max Helmutt, 225-26
Schudrich, Michael, 270, 271
Schultz, Magdalene, 40
science: Doctors’ Plot and, 243, 244; and modern
nationalism, 146; in ritual murder trials, 2, 6,
7, 8-9, 76, 112, 117-18, 123, 130-31, 173-74,
244; role in Beilis trial, 8-9, 140-41, 183; vs.
superstition, in Beilis trial, 173, 183
Second Vatican Council, 260, 269, 270
“Secret Writing of the Jews, The” (Rozanov),
161-62
Sefer Yezirah (The Book of Creation), 44
Seifullina, Lidia, 205
sexuality, Judaism and, Rozanov on, 160, 163, 166
Shakespeare, William, 247
Sharett, Moshe, 250
Shcheglovitov, Ivan, 209
Shcherbakov, Aleksandr S., 239, 240, 241
Shepilov, Dmitry, 239
Sherstobitov, Efim Grigor ev, 75
Sherstobitov, Feofan, 74-75, 77, 85
Shimeliovich, Boris, 241, 245
Shklovsky, Viktor, 163
Shlifferman, Mikhel, 78-79, 84, 85, 88
show trials, Soviet, 245
Shtern, Lina, 241
Shternberg, Lev, 145
Shternshis, Anna, 165
Sicher, Efraim, 164, 166
Sidonskii, Fedor Fedorovich, 87, 88
Sikorsky (Sikorskii), Ivan Alekseevich, 9,
140-41, 144, 145, 149n37, 174
Silver Age, in Russia, 159, 176; and Beilis trial,
151, 161, 162, 163, 176
Simon of Trent: authoritative Christian
histories on, 258-60; cult of, 4, 257-60, 269;
cult of, impact in Poland, 4-5, 25, 260-61;
iconography associated with, 4-5, 257, 259,
261, 264, 266, 267, 271, 272; liturgy for,
262; Sandomierz paintings alluding to, 254,
261-63, 262, 263, 266-69; trial for alleged
ritual murder of, 21, 172
Sixtus IV, Pope, 257
Sixtus V, Pope, 257, 260
Skarga, Piotr, 25
Slánský, Rudolf, 242
Slavophiles: on Russian identity, 141-42;
theories of, 153-54, 155
Sleszkowski, Sebastian, 25, 26, 27, 28
Słupecki, Jerzy, 29, 31
Smirnov, Ivan (judge in Moscow trial), 211,2 L
Smirnov, Ivan Nikolaevich, 137-38; expert
testimony at Multan case, 137-39
Smolensk pogrom, 207-8
Sochaczew (Poland), host-desecration trial in,
19,23
Social Darwinism, 141
socialism. See communism
social knowledge, and ritual murder accusatior.
110-11
Society for the Preservation of the Health of th
Jewish Population, 145
Soloviev, Evpl Titovich, 136, 137
Sołtyk, Kajetan, 23
Solymosi, Eszter, 118, 119, 123
Solymosi, Maria, 119, 120, 121
Sovietization, antisemitism in response to, 223
Soviet Union: agitprop trials in, 165; anti-
Judaism campaigns in, 222-23; antisemitic
sentiments in, 206-7, 223; authorities’ stance
against antisemitism in, 13, 212, 213, 214-15
221, 227-28, 229-32; Christian theology
and worldview of, 247-48; collapse of, ritual
murder accusations after, 226; confiscation o
church valuables for famine relief in, 206, 20
209, 210, 213, 214; “diaspora nationalities” in
persecution of, 248; Doctors’ Plot in, 13-14,
238-41; Jews in, creation of Israel and, 248,
249-50; Jews in, prominent role of in early
years of, 205, 207, 211, 222; Jews in, Stalin’s
campaign against, 239, 241-42; judicial
system in early years of, 211; Moscow in earl)
years of, 204-5; New Economic Policy (NEP)
and social tensions in, 13, 204, 205, 207;
pogroms in, 207-8, 232; projective inversion
of guilt in, 250-51; purges in, 213; ritual
murder accusations in, 13, 187, 204, 208-13,
220, 221, 222-23, 226-28, 248; show trials
in, 245; during World War II, 224. See also
specific locations
Spain: Jewish converts in, suspicion regarding,
244; witch hunts and ritual murder trials
in, 21
Index I 291
Stalin, Joseph: death of, 14, 242; and Doctors
Plot, 13-14, 238, 239, 240; Nazi propaganda
on, 224; and persecution of “diaspora
nationalities, 248; postwar campaign against
Jews, 239, 241-42, 245
Staliünas, Darius, 5, 6
Staszöw (Poland), expulsion of Jews from, 4, 24
Steklov, Iurii, 213
Stolypin, Pyotr, 209
St. Petersburg (Russia), Haymarket Square
kidnapping in, 81, 82
St. Petersburg Military-Medical Academy, 140
Strakhov, Vasilii Ivanovich, 69
Stukov, Innokentii, 209, 212, 213
St. Vladimir University, Kiev, 9, 174
Suchestow, Gabriel, 47
Surius, Laurentius, 258
“survival(s)”: concept of, 132; elimination of,
141; human sacrifice as, 131, 137, 141; in life
of contemporary Jews, need to address, 143
Suslova, Apollonaria, 160
Sverdlov, Yankel, 226
Szembek, Krzysztof Antoni, 23
Szymon Kierel, 22
Szyszkowski, Bishop, 19
Taft, William Howard, 192
Talmud: and ritual bloodletting, claims regarding,
7-8, 174-75, 177; women martyrs in, 50
Talmud Unmasked, The (Pranaitis), 103
Taub, Emanuel, 119
Teller, Adam, 19
Telshi (Lithuania), ritual murder trial in, 5,
97-100, 102
Teofilowicz, Marein, 261
Terenteeva, Maria, 57, 59, 60, 63-64, 65, 67, 68, 69
Teter, Magda, 4, 14, 29
“Three Gifts (Peretz), 49
Timasheff, Nicholas, 249
Timashuk, Lidia, 241
Tiszaeszlär (Austria-Hungary), ritual murder
trial in, 111, 112, 118-22, 123, 125
Tokarska-Bakir, Joanna, 21, 27
Tokmak (Kirgizia), antisemitism in, 227
Tolstoy, Leo, 160
Tolz, Vera, 152
torture: barrel as instrument of, 266, 268,
275n56; elimination in Western and Central
European criminal investigations, 57, 112; in
medieval ritual murder/witch trials, 1-2, 3,
22; in Soviet Union, 248
transnational intercession, Jewish, 10-13,
188-89; anxieties regarding, 207, 245-47;
Beilis trial and, 11, 187-90, 193-99
Trent (Italy): Council of, 257, 258; ritual murder
trial in, 4, 26. See also Simon of Trent
Troitskii, Ivan Gavrilovich, 90, 102
Trotsky, Leon, 211, 221, 235n23
Tsetlin, Evzik, 59, 61, 64, 65
Tsetlina, Khanna, 61, 62, 64, 65, 67, 68, 69
Tylor, Edward, 131-32, 146; influence on
Russian ethnographers, 132, 137, 138, 139,
141, 147n3
Udmurts. See Votiaks
Ukraine: famine in (1932-1933), cannibalism
during, 230; Nazi occupation of, and
legitimation of antisemitism, 220, 223-25,
229; ritual murder accusations in, 13, 228-33;
trope of bloodthirsty Jew in, 223. See also
Kiev; Lviv
Ukrainians, and Poles, alliance against Jews, 220,
232, 237n60
Uniate Church/Uniates: partitions of Poland
and, 175; suppression in Russia, 70nl7; in
Ukraine, 237n60; in Velizh, 61, 62
Union of Russian People, 172-73
Union of the Archangel Michael, 172-73
United States: Beiliss emigration to, 189, 190,
194, 197, 198-99; commercial treaty with
Russia (1911), 192; entry into World War II,
228; human rights abuses in, 192, 275n56;
Jewish leaders in, responses to ritual murder
accusations in Eastern Europe, 10-13, 194,
196; press coverage of Moscow trial in, 13,
210, 212; Soviet Jews accused of collaborating
with, 241, 245, 247. See also under American
Val, Rafael Merry del, 194
Veidlinger, Jeffrey, 13
Velizh (Russia), Christian-Je wish relations in,
61,62
Velizh ritual murder trial, 4, 5, 56-69; accusers/
witnesses in, 57, 59, 60, 63-64; archive of, 58;
events leading to, 56-57, 59; investigation
in, 57, 58-61, 63-66; Jewish community s
response to, 65; neighborhood dispute and,
65, 67-68; and perpetuation of blood libel,
87, 89; reopening of, 68-69; role of rumors
in, 57, 59, 64-65; sociopolitical context of, 57;
suspects in, 64-66; and Telshi trial, 99-100;
verdicts in, 67
292 I Index
Verein zur Abwehr des Antisemitismus, 111
Verga, Yehuda ibn, 266
Vestman (Saratov chief of police), 76
Viker, Khon, 101, 102, 108n33
Vil’na: attitudes toward Jews in, 97; restrictions
on Jewish residence in, 62, 71n21; ritual
murder allegations in, 22, 68, 97. See also
Salnaièiai
Vincent Ferrer, 21
violence against Jews: ritual murder accusations
and, 24, 31, 36n46, 99, 219-20. See also
pogroms against Jews
Vipper, Oskar, 210
vitalism, 161; organicism and, 152
vitality of Jews, Russian writers on, 151, 160,
163, 166, 167
Vlasik, Nikolai, 241
Voronsky, Alexander, 164
Votiaks (Udmurts), 133-34, 159; human
sacrifice practiced by, accusations of, 133-39
Vovsi, Miron, 240, 245
Warsaw (Poland), restrictions on Jewish
residence in, 62
Weinberg, Robert, 8, 147n7, 187
Weiner, Amir, 224
Wendroff, Zalman, 205
Western Europe: elimination of torture in
criminal investigations in, 57, 112; human
rights abuses in, at time of Beilis trial, 192.
See also medieval Europe; specific countries
Western Jews: domestic human rights
struggles and, 192; and immigration of East
European Jews, ambivalence regarding,
190, 199, 203n59; intercession of behalf of
coreligionists, 10-13, 187, 188-89, 191-93;
and Mendel Beilis, posttrial interactions with,
197-99, 202n45, 203n50
Westeutsche Rundfunk, 115
White, Luise, 27
William of Norwich, 2
witchcraft: ambiguity in constructs of, 30-31;
neighborhood disputes and charges of, 67-68;
punishment for, 23-24; writings on, 18-19,
26-27. See also witch trials
Witch denounced (anonymous tract), 18-19, 27
witch trials: church authorities intervention in,
23; decline in early 19th century, 57; and host
desecration by Jews, claims regarding, 22,
24-25; in Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
3, 18-20, 22, 23-24, 27, 30, 35n32; ritual
murder trials compared to, 3, 4, 20-24, 30-:
67-68
Wolf, Lucien, 193-94, 195, 198, 202n33
women: ethnographers, 135; in Jewish
blood libel legends, 39, 46-52; racialized
discourses on, 152; in times of persecutior
legends about, 50-52, 53; witch trials of,
20-21, 30
World War I, antisemitism on eve of, 111, 173,
175, 176
World War II: allegations of Jewish cannibalisr
after, 13, 14, 230-31; anti-Jewish violence
following, 219-20, 230; Jewish conspiracy
blamed for, 247; Nazi occupation and
legitimation of antisemitism during, 220,
223-25, 229, 230; Poland after, 255
World Zionist Organization, 143
Wright, Charles H. H., 120
Xanten (Germany), 112-13; history of anti-
Jewish disturbances in, 127n20; ritual murd
trial in, 110, 111, 113-18, 123
Yeven metzulah (Abyss of Despair), 50
Yurovski, Yakov, 226
Ząbkowic, Stanislaw, 27
Zaidman, Ezdra, 79, 84
Zdoniškė Manor, Telshi, 95. See also Telshi
Zeltser, Arkadi, 204
zemstvo system, in Russia, 191,201nl6
Zhdanov, Andrei, 239, 240, 241, 244
Zhemchuzhina, Polina, 246
Zhitomir (Ukraine), restrictions on Jewish
residence in, 71n21
Zionist movement, 189; ritual murder
accusations and, 12; in Russia, 143-45
Zohar, 184n6; and ritual bloodletting, popular
beliefs regarding, 8; and wound analysis in
Beilis trial, 178
Zolotnitskii, Nikolai Ivanovich, 136, 137
Žuchowski, Stefan, 4-5, 19, 25, 26, 27, 29, 261,
265
Žukovskis, Augustinas, 97, 98
Zuskin, Benjamin, 241
Žydokomunay 222, 224. See also Judeo-
Bolshevism
|
any_adam_object | 1 |
author2 | Avrutin, Eugene M. 1974- Dekel-Chen, Jonathan L. Weinberg, Robert 1953- |
author2_role | edt edt edt |
author2_variant | e m a em ema j l d c jld jldc r w rw |
author_GND | (DE-588)1138038245 (DE-588)143231243 (DE-588)128624868 |
author_facet | Avrutin, Eugene M. 1974- Dekel-Chen, Jonathan L. Weinberg, Robert 1953- |
building | Verbundindex |
bvnumber | BV044414866 |
callnumber-first | B - Philosophy, Psychology, Religion |
callnumber-label | BM585 |
callnumber-raw | BM585.2 |
callnumber-search | BM585.2 |
callnumber-sort | BM 3585.2 |
callnumber-subject | BM - Judaism |
ctrlnum | (OCoLC)971267110 (DE-599)BVBBV044414866 |
dewey-full | 305.892/4047 |
dewey-hundreds | 300 - Social sciences |
dewey-ones | 305 - Groups of people |
dewey-raw | 305.892/4047 |
dewey-search | 305.892/4047 |
dewey-sort | 3305.892 44047 |
dewey-tens | 300 - Social sciences |
discipline | Soziologie |
era | Geschichte gnd |
era_facet | Geschichte |
format | Book |
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genre | (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content (DE-588)1071861417 Konferenzschrift gnd-content (DE-588)1071861417 Konferenzschrift 2014 Chicago gnd-content |
genre_facet | Aufsatzsammlung Konferenzschrift Konferenzschrift 2014 Chicago |
geographic | Russland Russia Ethnic relations Congresses Europe, Eastern Ethnic relations Congresses Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd Österreich-Ungarn (DE-588)4075613-0 gnd Polen (DE-588)4046496-9 gnd Deutschland (DE-588)4011882-4 gnd |
geographic_facet | Russland Russia Ethnic relations Congresses Europe, Eastern Ethnic relations Congresses Österreich-Ungarn Polen Deutschland |
id | DE-604.BV044414866 |
illustrated | Illustrated |
indexdate | 2024-07-10T07:52:20Z |
institution | BVB |
isbn | 9780253025814 9780253026408 |
language | English |
lccn | 017002956 |
oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-029816585 |
oclc_num | 971267110 |
open_access_boolean | |
owner | DE-12 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM |
owner_facet | DE-12 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM |
physical | VII, 292 Seiten Illustration, Karte |
psigel | DHB_BSB_FID |
publishDate | 2017 |
publishDateSearch | 2017 |
publishDateSort | 2017 |
publisher | Indiana University Press |
record_format | marc |
spelling | Ritual murder in Russia, Eastern Europe, and beyond new histories of an old accusation edited by Eugene M. Avrutin, Jonathan Dekel-Chen, and Robert Weinberg Bloomington Indiana University Press [2017] © 2017 VII, 292 Seiten Illustration, Karte txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier "The collection emerged out of a conference at the University of Illinois in October 2014". - Acknowledgments. - Includes bibliographical references and index Geschichte gnd rswk-swf Antisemitismus Geschichte Juden Blood accusation Russia History Congresses Blood accusation Europe, Eastern History Congresses Jews Persecutions Russia History Congresses Jews Persecutions Europe, Eastern History Congresses Antisemitism Russia History Congresses Antisemitism Europe, Eastern History Congresses Juden (DE-588)4028808-0 gnd rswk-swf Ritualmord (DE-588)4178248-3 gnd rswk-swf Russland Russia Ethnic relations Congresses Europe, Eastern Ethnic relations Congresses Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd rswk-swf Österreich-Ungarn (DE-588)4075613-0 gnd rswk-swf Polen (DE-588)4046496-9 gnd rswk-swf Deutschland (DE-588)4011882-4 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content (DE-588)1071861417 Konferenzschrift gnd-content (DE-588)1071861417 Konferenzschrift 2014 Chicago gnd-content Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 g Polen (DE-588)4046496-9 g Deutschland (DE-588)4011882-4 g Österreich-Ungarn (DE-588)4075613-0 g Ritualmord (DE-588)4178248-3 s Juden (DE-588)4028808-0 s Geschichte z DE-604 Avrutin, Eugene M. 1974- (DE-588)1138038245 edt Dekel-Chen, Jonathan L. (DE-588)143231243 edt Weinberg, Robert 1953- (DE-588)128624868 edt Erscheint auch als e-book 978-0-253-02657-6 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe Ritual murder in Russia, Eastern Europe, and beyond Bloomington ; Indianapolis : Indiana University Press, [2017] Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029816585&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029816585&sequence=000002&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
spellingShingle | Ritual murder in Russia, Eastern Europe, and beyond new histories of an old accusation Antisemitismus Geschichte Juden Blood accusation Russia History Congresses Blood accusation Europe, Eastern History Congresses Jews Persecutions Russia History Congresses Jews Persecutions Europe, Eastern History Congresses Antisemitism Russia History Congresses Antisemitism Europe, Eastern History Congresses Juden (DE-588)4028808-0 gnd Ritualmord (DE-588)4178248-3 gnd |
subject_GND | (DE-588)4028808-0 (DE-588)4178248-3 (DE-588)4076899-5 (DE-588)4075613-0 (DE-588)4046496-9 (DE-588)4011882-4 (DE-588)4143413-4 (DE-588)1071861417 |
title | Ritual murder in Russia, Eastern Europe, and beyond new histories of an old accusation |
title_auth | Ritual murder in Russia, Eastern Europe, and beyond new histories of an old accusation |
title_exact_search | Ritual murder in Russia, Eastern Europe, and beyond new histories of an old accusation |
title_full | Ritual murder in Russia, Eastern Europe, and beyond new histories of an old accusation edited by Eugene M. Avrutin, Jonathan Dekel-Chen, and Robert Weinberg |
title_fullStr | Ritual murder in Russia, Eastern Europe, and beyond new histories of an old accusation edited by Eugene M. Avrutin, Jonathan Dekel-Chen, and Robert Weinberg |
title_full_unstemmed | Ritual murder in Russia, Eastern Europe, and beyond new histories of an old accusation edited by Eugene M. Avrutin, Jonathan Dekel-Chen, and Robert Weinberg |
title_short | Ritual murder in Russia, Eastern Europe, and beyond |
title_sort | ritual murder in russia eastern europe and beyond new histories of an old accusation |
title_sub | new histories of an old accusation |
topic | Antisemitismus Geschichte Juden Blood accusation Russia History Congresses Blood accusation Europe, Eastern History Congresses Jews Persecutions Russia History Congresses Jews Persecutions Europe, Eastern History Congresses Antisemitism Russia History Congresses Antisemitism Europe, Eastern History Congresses Juden (DE-588)4028808-0 gnd Ritualmord (DE-588)4178248-3 gnd |
topic_facet | Antisemitismus Geschichte Juden Blood accusation Russia History Congresses Blood accusation Europe, Eastern History Congresses Jews Persecutions Russia History Congresses Jews Persecutions Europe, Eastern History Congresses Antisemitism Russia History Congresses Antisemitism Europe, Eastern History Congresses Ritualmord Russland Russia Ethnic relations Congresses Europe, Eastern Ethnic relations Congresses Österreich-Ungarn Polen Deutschland Aufsatzsammlung Konferenzschrift Konferenzschrift 2014 Chicago |
url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029816585&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029816585&sequence=000002&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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