The eagle and the trident: U.S.-Ukraine relations in turbulent times
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Washington, D.C.
Brookings Institution Press
[2017]
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| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Inhaltsverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register |
| Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Beschreibung: | 374 Seiten |
| ISBN: | 9780815730408 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | THE EAGLE AND THE TRIDENT
/ PIFER, STEVENYYEAUTHOR
: 2017
TABLE OF CONTENTS / INHALTSVERZEICHNIS
ESTABLISHING RELATIONS
DEALING WITH NUCLEAR WEAPONS
THE RELATIONSHIP BLOSSOMS
THE RELATIONSHIP MATURES
BUT PROBLEMS APPEAR
COPING WITH DOWNTURN
ELECTION AND REVOLUTION
HISTORY DID NOT END WITH THE ORANGE REVOLUTION
LESSONS AND POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS
DIESES SCHRIFTSTUECK WURDE MASCHINELL ERZEUGT.
The
EAGLE
and the
TRIDENT
U S -Ukraine Relations
in Turbulent Times
STEVEN PIFER
BROOKINGSINSTITUTIONPRESS
Washington, D C
Contents
Introduction 1
1 Establishing Relations 9
2 Dealing with Nuclear Weapons 37
3 The Relationship Blossoms 77
4 The Relationship Matures but Problems Appear 127
5 Coping with Downturn 209
6 Election and Revolution 263
7 History Didn t End with the Orange Revolution 277
8 Lessons and Policy Recommendations 315
Acknowledgments 337
Abbreviations and Acronyms 341
Notes 343
Index 355
Index
Adamkus, Valdas, 272
Administrative reform, 169-70,
171
Agrarian Party, 139
Agricultural sector: collective farm
divisions in, 259; Decree 832 on,
191-92; land titling in, 259;
reform and restructuring of, 107,
135, 173, 177
Ahtisaari, Martti, 156
Albright, Madeleine: certification
decision by, 135, 148, 150, 320;
and CFE flank agreement, 117;
on EU-Ukraine relations, 179; on
Kosovo crisis, 154; and Kuchma,
131, 180, 249; town meetings
held by, 130—31; on Ukrainian
nuclear cooperation with Iran,
129, 131; on U.S.-Ukraine
strategic partnership, 127, 182
Allison, Graham, 26
al Qaeda, 140, 216
Ambartsumov, Yevgeniy, 30-31
Antonov aircraft factory (Ukraine),
132-33
Armitage, Richard, 21, 212,
219-20, 224, 249
Article 5 guarantees (NATO), 48,
76, 95
Ashton, Catherine, 294, 296-97
Aspin, Les, 50-51
Assistance programs: in agricultural
sector, 135; certification
requirement for, 134-35, 147-51,
206; for democratic promotion,
111, 219, 238; for economic
reform, 62, 63, 109-12, 148; in
energy sector, 259; housing, 63,
104; humanitarian, 21, 25,
105-06; for investment, 133, 159;
Kharkiv initiative, 129, 132, 141,
159; performance metrics for,
317-18; policy recommendations
for, 333-34; technical, 23, 25.
See also Cooperative Threat
Reduction program; International
355
356
Index
Assistance programs (cont.)
Monetary Fund; U.S. Agency for
International Development;
World Bank
Asylum, political, 151-52, 211-12
Atomic Energy Act of 1954, 89
Austrian State Treaty of 1955, 123
Azarov, Mykola, 134, 163, 164,
297
Bagley, Gary, 172
Bakay, Ihor, 168, 189, 190, 205
Baker, James: on denuclearization
in post-Soviet states, 24, 41, 42,
43, 48-49; diplomatic meetings
by, 19, 21, 22; embassy
establishment efforts by, 19; and
Lisbon Protocol, 44; on Soviet
collapse, 13-14
Ballistic missiles. See
Intercontinental ballistic missiles
Baloha, Viktor, 252, 284, 287
Baltic states. See specific countries
Barshevskiy, Charlene, 182-83
Bartholomew, Reginald, 21, 22,
41,42
Basing agreements for Black Sea
Fleet, 62-63, 79-80, 292
Belarus: and Lisbon Protocol, 44;
and Nonproliferation Treaty, 44;
in Single Economic Space, 241,
261; START commitments
undertaken by, 22, 41-42, 70
Belavezhskaya Pushcha agreement
(1991), 42
Berger, Sandy, 94-95, 103, 119-20,
130,183
Berman, Jay, 185
Bersheda, Yevhen, 153, 154, 157
Beyrle, John, 212
Bezsmertnyy, Roman, 160
Biden, Joe: on corruption, 311; in
Donbas negotiations, 307, 309;
on Maydan Revolution, 301;
relationship with Ukraine, 290,
305, 308, 322
Bildt, Carl, 329
Biloblotskyy, Mykola, 165
Bilokon, Mykola, 265
Bilorus, Oleh, 20
Binational Commission. See
Gore-Kuchma Commission
Blacker, Coit “Chip,” 99
Black Sea Fleet: basing agreements
for, 62-63, 79-80, 292; division
of, 31-32, 100; homeport of, 23,
30; leasing of port facilities for,
98, 99-101; preservation of, 31
Boeing Company, 102, 104
Bohoslovskaya, Inna, 231
Bolshevik Revolution, 10
Boucher, Richard, 210-11, 227, 265
Boyko, Yuriy, 259
Brexit, 325, 329
Britain: air missions in Iraq, 224; as
depository state for NPT, 49; EU
withdrawal by, 325, 329; security
assurances of, 57, 66-67, 70-71;
Ukrainian relations with, 94
Brovary incident (2000), 217
Brzeziński, Zbigniew, 14
Budapest Memorandum of Security
Assurances for Ukraine, 70-71,
74, 76, 243, 244, 306-07
Burns, Nicholas, 26, 51, 55, 64, 66
Bush, George H. W.: address to
Rada, 15-16; European goals of,
2; and Gorbachev, 13, 16, 17, 18;
humanitarian assistance
organized by, 21; and Kravchuk,
22-23, 24, 50; nuclear weapon
policies under, 37, 40-41, 48-49;
on recognition of Russia and
Ukraine, 17-18, 19; visits to
Ukraine, 15, 249-50; and
Yeltsin, 16, 17, 22
Bush, George W.: and Iraq war,
234-37, 261; and Kuchma, 216,
265; on NATO membership,
212-13; on presidential election
(2004), 265, 269; on
U.S.-Ukraine relations, 209-16,
Index
357
217-18; visit to Ukraine, 286,
323; and Yushchenko, 278, 288
Bushehr nuclear project (Iran), 88,
119-20, 128, 131, 141, 316
Business dispute cases, 88, 90,
133-35, 148-51, 206, 320
Buteyko, Anton, 47, 54, 60, 129,
132,167-68
Cagan, Debra, 95, 129, 216, 220
Carter, Ashton, 26, 56, 104
Central Europe: and European
Union, 2, 122; and NATO, 2,
24; nuclear-weapon-free zone
proposal for, 94-95. See also
specific countries
Certification requirement for
funding, 134-35, 147-51, 206
CFE Treaty. See Conventional
Armed Forces in Europe Treaty
Chalyy, Oleksandr: on foreign
policy, 183—84; on Kolchuga
affair, 228; on NATO-Ukraine
relations, 221-22; on NBU
scandal, 178; and presidential
election (1999), 162, 166; on
Russian pipeline proposal, 198-99;
on Shevchenko speech, 167; on
Single Economic Space, 256; on
tension between president and
prime minister, 194; on
U.S.-Ukraine relations, 231
Charter on a Distinctive
Partnership between the North
Atlantic Treaty Organization and
Ukraine (1997), 96, 97
Charter on American-Ukrainian
Partnership, Friendship and
Cooperation (1994), 68, 79
Chechnya, military conflict in, 98,
116
Chemical weapons, 235
Cheney, Dick, 13, 218, 245, 282,
288
Chernomyrdin, Viktor, 47, 56,
156
China, security assurances given
by, 71
Chornobyl nuclear power plant:
closure of facility, 69, 80-81, 84,
111, 114-15, 183, 186; Gore visit
to, 142; nuclear disaster at
(1986), 14, 38, 114; protests
against state secrecy regarding,
38; shelter project at, 75, 90, 114,
115, 186, 278
Chornovil, Vyacheslav, 160
Christopher, Warren: diplomatic
visits by, 34—35, 54-55, 83-84;
on nuclear weapons policy, 25,
69-70
CIS. See Commonwealth of
Independent States
Civil nuclear cooperation, 89, 119,
128, 129, 141
Civil society, 22, 204, 227, 317,
333,334
Clinton, Bill: on certification
requirement, 150; on Kosovo
crisis, 154; and Kravchuk, 25, 27,
50, 55-56, 59-61, 63; and
Kuchma, 68-69, 78, 80-82, 84,
89-90, 169; on NATO
enlargement, 92; nuclear weapon
policies under, 37, 49-52, 59-61,
316; and Putin, 186; on reform,
109, 183; and START
implementation, 70; visits to
Ukraine, 78-83, 183-88; and
Yeltsin, 52, 56, 60-61, 81, 100
Clinton, Hillary, 91, 292-93, 294,
296-97, 324
Coal industry, 107
Cohen, William, 105, 130, 158
Collins, James, 70
Commercial space launch market,
82, 84, 101-04, 186
Commodity Credit Corporation, 24
Commonwealth of Independent
States (CIS): CFE equipment
entitlement agreement, 116;
establishment of, 18, 19; free trade
358
Index
Commonwealth of Independent
States (CIS) (cont.)
zone, 197, 198; military component
of, 93; nuclear weapons agreement,
41-42; Ukrainian reservations
regarding, 29, 198
Communist Party: declining support
for, 161, 165; in Rada, 64, 138,
211,221,280, 297; and red
entrepreneurs, 86
Compact disc piracy, 179, 182—86,
238
Conference on Security and
Cooperation in Europe (CSCE),
65, 66, 69
Conforming process, 59, 60
Conventional Armed Forces in
Europe (CFE) Treaty (1990), 86,
115-18, 125-26
Cooperative Neighbor-97 exercise,
105
Cooperative Threat Reduction
program: allocation of funding
for, 27; as diplomatic tool, 73;
expansion of, 142; housing
assistance from, 63, 104; for
nuclear weapons removal, 50-51,
55, 57-58, 71, 104, 145, 239
Corruption: Biden on, 311; in
business dispute cases, 133-34;
campaigns against, 169; compact
disc piracy, 179, 182-86, 238; in
elections, 263, 268-69; in energy
sector, 87, 113, 124, 259; in
judicial system, 86; NBU scandal,
175-77, 178, 182; policy
recommendations for, 333; in
political system, 7, 86-87, 89,
125, 168-69, 319; in Yanukovych
regime, 7, 293-95, 319
Cossacks, 1-2, 10
Crimea: annexation by Russia, 303;
ethnic diversity of, 11, 23, 30;
history of, 10; independence
referendum in, 9, 22; Masandra
summit in, 47; policy
recommendations for, 326, 327;
Russian aggression in, 4, 74, 76,
302-03. See also Black Sea Fleet;
Sevastopol
CSCE. See Conference on Security
and Cooperation in Europe
Customs officers, corruption of,
86-87
Czech Republic: and NATO
expansion, 93, 94, 97, 140;
Ukrainian relations with, 139; in
Visegrad Four, 93
Declaration of State Sovereignty
(Ukraine), 15, 38
Decree 832 (Ukraine), 191-92
Defense conversion projects, 63
de Hoop Scheffer, Jaap, 255
Denuclearization. See Nuclear
weapons
Derkach, Leonid, 201
Dine, Thomas, 223-24
Diversity, ethnic, 10, 11—12
Donbas region: coal mines in, 107;
Minsk II agreement on, 308-09,
311, 312, 313, 325; policy
recommendations for, 325,
326-27, 328; Russian aggression
in, 4, 304-05, 307, 308, 309,
313; separatists in, 74, 304-05
Dubinin, Yuriy, 45-46, 47, 48, 52
Dyomin, Oleh, 132
Eastern Partnership Program (EU),
329
EBRD. See European Bank for
Reconstruction and Development
Economic reform, 106-13;
challenges to, 24-25, 64; of
energy sector, 111, 112-13; and
exchange rate, 80;
implementation of, 109; of
industrial sector, 107, 132;
Kuchma on, 109, 123-25,
142-44; market-oriented, 69,
106, 107-08, 317; obstacles to,
Index
359
108, 123-24, 144; restructuring
projects for, 110—11. See also
Assistance programs;
Investments; Trade
EFF. See Extended fund facility
Einhorn, Robert, 129
Elections: democratic, 160, 161-62,
203, 218-20; International Election
Observation Mission, 267, 269,
274; transparency in, 162, 265;
vote manipulation in, 263,
268—69. See also Presidential
elections; Rada elections
Energy sector: assistance programs
for, 259; corruption in, 87, 113,
124, 259; debt of, 49, 52, 58;
privatization in, 189; reform of,
82, 111-13, 124-25, 177, 189-90,
213—14; regional distributors in,
189, 190; transparency in, 113;
Ukrainian reliance on Russian
energy imports, 32, 112, 125, 198,
280, 289; Y2K preparations in, 171
Entrepreneurs, 86
Estonia, as independent state,
2, 12,16
Ethnic cleansing, 153, 156, 157,
287, 292
Ethnic diversity, 10, 11-12, 23, 30
Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council,
97, 230-32
European Bank for Reconstruction
and Development (EBRD), 64, 75,
110, 188, 189, 259
“European Neighborhood Policy”
action plan, 278
European Union (EU): and Central
European nations, 2, 122;
Eastern Partnership Program of,
329; on energy sector reform,
113; enlargement of, 186; on
presidential election (1999), 161,
162, 163; Putin, relationship
with, 330; withdrawal of Britain
from, 325, 329. See also
EU-Ukraine relations
EU-Ukraine relations: action plan
for, 250, 278; association
agreement on, 139, 291, 296,
297-99, 306, 328-29;
importance of, 139, 179;
membership considerations in,
139, 213; memorandum of
understanding in, 115; policy
recommendations for, 328-29
Extended fund facility (EFF):
conditionalities for receipt of,
142-44, 148, 150, 180, 188; IMF
approval of, 144-45, 159-60;
impact of NBU scandal on, 178;
preliminary agreement on, 144
Famine, 10, 187, 287
Fialko, Andriy, 166, 168, 248
Financial crisis (2008), 144, 290
Financial Times, corruption
allegations in, 175—77, 178,
204, 323
Firtash, Dmytro, 293—94, 305
Fischer, Julie, 137
Fischer, Stanley, 144
Fokin, Vitold, 15, 24-25, 35
Food: credits for purchase of, 24;
distribution of, 21, 23, 24;
shortages of, 10, 21, 187, 287
For a United Ukraine Party,
218-19, 220, 221
Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of
1977, 87
Founding Act of 1997
(NATO-Russia), 96, 100
France, security assurances given
by, 71
Freedom for Russia and Emerging
Eurasian Democracies and Open
Markets (FREEDOM) Support
Act of 1992: appropriation of
funds from, 25, 27, 204, 227;
enactment of, 24, 33, 322; grant
categories in, 110—11; technical
assistance for reform from, 6, 63,
109
360
Index
Freedom House, 293
Free trade zones, 197, 198
Fried, Dan: on deployment of NBC
defense unit, 235; diplomatic
visits by, 213; in Donbas crisis,
309; on Gongadze abduction,
200; on Kolchuga affair, 225-26;
on NATO-Ukraine relations,
248; on Orange Revolution, 271;
on reform agenda, 195-96; on
tension between president and
prime minister, 204
Friendship, Cooperation, and
Partnership between the Russian
Federation and Ukraine Treaty
(1997), 100, 101
Fuele, Stefan, 329
Fuel rods: low enriched uranium in
production of, 40, 47, 49-50, 57;
qualification of U.S. providers
for, 129, 131, 141, 186, 192-93;
from Russia, 32, 61, 71
Fuerth, Leon, 66, 85-86, 140
Garnett, Sherman, 18
Gas wars (Russia-Ukraine), 280,
289
Gates, Robert, 285
Genocide. See Ethnic cleansing
Georgia-Ukraine-Uzbekistan-
Azerbaijan-Moldova (GUUAM)
summit, 240
Ghesquiere, Henri, 191, 192
Glasnost (openness), 12
Glazyev, Sergey, 298
Golden Horde, 10, 11
Gongadze, Heorhiy, 199-201, 211,
213, 214-15, 257-58
Goodby, James, 52
Gorbachev, Mikhail: decline of
power, 2, 13, 14, 16; diplomatic
meetings with, 19; external
policy changes under, 12—13;
nuclear weapon policies under,
41; relationship with Bush, 13,
16, 17, 18
Gore, Al: on CFE flank agreement,
117, 118; Chornobyl visit by,
142; diplomatic visits by, 56,
66, 140-41; hosting of
presidential visitors by, 63; on
investment strategies, 183; and
Kuchma, 78, 117, 118, 149-50;
missile equipment transfer
agreement signed by, 64; on
NATO enlargement, 92, 96; in
nuclear weapon negotiations,
316. See also Gore-Kuchma
Commission
Gore-Kuchma Commission: on
administrative reform, 169-70;
assessment of U.S.-Ukraine
relations, 169; discontinuation of,
217-18; economic issues for, 90,
141; establishment of, 5, 75,
85-86, 121; foreign policy and
security issues for, 87-89, 142,
183-84; foreign policy committee
of, 166—67; institutional support
for, 322; on proliferation of
nuclear weapons, 119; trade and
investment committee of, 134;
on treaty of friendship and
cooperation, 100; on Ukrainian
contracts with pariah states,
119-20
Gottemoeller, Rose, 26, 56, 66
Grachev, Pavel, 83
Graham, Thomas, 18, 44
Great Britain. See Britain
Great Famine. See Holodomor
Green Party, 155
Grybauskaite, Dalia, 299
Gryzlov, Boris, 272
Gundersen, Jon, 14, 15, 20
GUUAM (Georgia-Ukraine-
Uzbekis tan-Azerbai jan-Moldova)
summit, 240
Haydutskyy, Pavlo, 191, 192
Helsinki Final Act of 1975, 49, 72,
326
Index
361
Herbst, John: on CFE flank
agreement, 117; on Odesa-Brody
pipeline, 257; on Orange
Revolution, 270, 271, 272-73,
276; on presidential election
(2004), 246-47, 250-51, 252,
254, 265, 268; promotion of,
240-41; in Tuzla Island crisis,
243-44; on visa bans, 256
Hewett, Ed, 22
Highly enriched uranium (HEU):
commercial value of, 40;
compensation for, 45-47, 49-50,
52, 55-58, 61; and nuclear
security summit process, 292;
removal from Ukraine, 292, 294
Holbrooke, Richard, 147
Hollande, François, 308, 313
Holodomor, 10, 11, 287, 292
Honcharuk, Andriy, 149
Horbulin, Volodymyr: background,
85; on Binational Commission,
85-86; on Black Sea Fleet,
98-99; and CFE flank
agreement, 117; dismissal of,
232; on financial crisis, 144; on
Kosovo crisis, 154; on missile
defense cooperation, 219;
national security role of, 320; on
NATO-Ukraine relations, 94,
152-53, 238; on nuclear weapon
policy, 118-19, 129, 130; on
overnight visit by Bill Clinton,
80; on presidential election
(1999), 160; on presidential
election (2004), 252; on Single
Economic Space, 256; on
Ukrainian contracts with pariah
states, 120
Horton, Scott, 224
Housing assistance, 63, 104
Hromada Party, 136, 138-39
Hroysman, Volodymyr, 312, 313,
328-29
Hryshchenko, Kostyantyn:
background of, 129; and Clinton
(Hillary), 294; as foreign
minister, 241; on nuclear
cooperation with Iran, 129; on
presidential election (2004), 254;
on SCUD missiles, 130; and Sibir
1812 incident, 216, 217; on
START implementation, 42, 59,
70; in Tuzla Island crisis, 242-43,
244; on U.S.-Ukraine relations,
234
Hughes Satellite Systems
Corporation, 102
Humanitarian assistance, 21, 25,
105-06
Human trafficking, 91
Hungary: and NATO expansion,
93, 97, 140; in Visegrad Four, 93
Hussein, Saddam, 235
Hyperinflation, 32, 98, 106, 110
ICBMs. See Intercontinental
ballistic missiles
Ichord, Bob, 114-15
IFPI (International Federation of
the Phonographic Industry), 185
IMF. See International Monetary
Fund
Immigration and Nationality Act of
1952,151
Industrial sector, reform of, 107, 132
Inflation, 32, 80, 98, 106, 110
Intellectual property rights (IPR),
179, 184, 185, 238, 245, 278
Intercontinental ballistic missiles
(ICBMs): command-and-control
arrangements for, 41, 46, 53-54;
deactivation of, 50-51, 57,
145-46; silos for, 38, 40, 71, 83,
104; solid fuel conversion plan
for, 239-40; technical challenges
of maintaining, 39; in Ukrainian
territory, 3, 21, 38, 45
International Election Observation
Mission, 267, 269, 274
International Federation of the
Phonographic Industry (IFPI), 185
362
Index
International Finance Corporation,
25
International Monetary Fund
(IMF): conditionalities for
assistance from, 88, 90, 110, 142,
305, 333; corruption in use of
funds from, 175-77, 178, 182;
and economic reform, 84-85, 90,
112; extended fund facility from,
142-45, 148, 150, 159-60;
low-interest credits provided by,
21, 75, 80, 109-10; Ukrainian
assistance from, 55, 82, 89,
309-10; violation of guarantees
given to, 191
International Republican Institute
(IRI), 219, 238, 241, 245
Investments: assistance programs
for, 133, 159; bilateral
discussions of, 63, 69; business
dispute cases regarding, 88, 90,
133-35, 148-51, 206, 320; in
economic reform, 23, 82;
privatization of, 15, 64
IPR. See Intellectual property rights
Iran: Bushehr nuclear project in,
88, 119-20, 128, 131, 141, 316;
as pariah state, 89, 120, 126;
Ukrainian nuclear cooperation
with, 129, 131-32
Iraq: air missions flown over, 224;
contracts with Ukraine, 120;
international stabilization forces
in, 237, 255-56, 261-62, 316;
and Kolchuga affair, 224-29,
230-31, 260; war in, 234-37,
261-62
IRI. See International Republican
Institute
Jackson-Vanik amendment (Trade
Act of 1974), 23, 186, 233, 278
Jędrzejczak, Gregory, 191, 192
Joint Action Plan to Combat
Optical Media Piracy in Ukraine,
186
Jones, Beth, 215, 228, 238, 248,
271
Judicial system, corruption in, 86
Kadenyuk, Leonid, 90
Kalicki, Jan, 149
Kasyanov, Mikhail, 244
Kavalec, Kathy, 162
Kazakhstan: and Lisbon Protocol,
44; and Nonproliferation Treaty,
44; in Single Economic Space,
241, 261; START commitments
undertaken by, 22, 41-42, 70
Kerry, John, 300, 303, 304, 307
Kessler, Carol, 114-15
Kharchenko, Ihor, 95
Kharkiv initiative, 129, 132, 141,
159, 207
Khrushchev, Nikita, 26, 30
Kinakh, Anatoliy, 218, 259, 267
Kissinger, Henry, 14
Klychko, Vitaliy, 301-02, 305
Kolchuga air defense system,
224-29, 230-31, 260
Kosovo crisis, 147, 153-57, 202
Kostenko, Yuriy, 46, 161, 164
Kozhara, Leonid, 178, 235
Kozyrev, Andrey, 44, 56, 69-70
Krauchanka, Pyotr, 44
Kravchenko, Yuriy, 201
Kravchuk, Leonid: attendance at
G-7 summit, 80; background, 15;
and Bush, 22-23, 24, 50; and
Clinton (Bill), 25, 27, 50, 55-56,
59-61, 63; diplomatic meetings
with, 19, 22-24; on end of Soviet
Union, 18; at Masandra summit,
47; nuclear weapon policies of,
40, 42-44, 47, 54, 59-61, 74; in
presidential election (1992), 18;
as Rada chairman, 14, 15;
roundtable discussions following
Orange Revolution, 272; state
building by, 36, 321; on
Ukrainian independence, 16-17,
33-34
Index
363
Kroll Associates, 213, 215
Kruger, Mary, 14
Kryuchkov, Heorhiy, 147
Kuchma, Leonid: and Albright,
131, 180, 249; anticorruption
campaign of, 169; arms transfers
by, 214, 215, 320; background,
65— 66; Black Sea Fleet
negotiations by, 99; and Bush
(G.W.), 216, 265; on CFE flank
agreement, 117, 118; and Clinton
(Bill), 68-69, 78, 80-82, 84,
89—90, 169; on commercial space
launch market, 101, 102;
criticisms of, 156; diplomacy by,
26, 47, 83—84; Donbas
negotiations by, 307; on EU
membership, 139, 213; at
Euro-Atlantic Partnership
Council, 232; Gongadze
abduction involvement by, 201;
and Gore, 78, 117, 118, 149-50;
GUAM summit hosted by, 240;
inauguration speech, 168; and
Kolchuga affair, 224—29, 260;
and Kwasniewski, 229, 253, 275,
322; multi-vector foreign policy
of, 122, 152, 201, 203, 278; on
NATO-Ukraine relations, 92-93,
122-23, 156; and NBU
corruption scandal, 175; nuclear
weapon policies of, 40, 46,
66- 67; and Orange Revolution,
272, 276; in presidential election
(1994), 65; in presidential
election (1999), 160-66, 203;
protests against, 201, 210; and
Putin, 180, 197-98, 244; reform
agenda of, 109, 123-25, 142-44,
178, 185-86, 332; and Single
Economic Space, 241-42, 261;
and START implementation, 70;
tension with Yushchenko, 181,
193-96, 204, 210; in Tuzla
Island crisis, 243, 244; in
U.S.-Ukraine relations, 5, 209,
210, 237, 316. See also Gore-
Kuchma Commission
Kulyk, Zynoviy, 136
Kuzmuk, Oleksandr, 146—47, 153,
217, 272
Kwasniewski, Aleksander:
diplomatic meetings with, 214,
215; and Kuchma, 229, 253, 275,
322; on Orange Revolution, 271,
272
Kyivan Rus’, 2, 10, 11
Kyrylenko, Ivan, 173
Lake, Anthony, 59, 80, 81, 99
Language, in east-west Ukrainian
divide, 11-12
Larson, Alan, 178-79
Latvia, as independent state, 2,
12, 16
Lazarenko, Pavlo: corruption
schemes involving, 87—88, 89,
113, 204—05; diplomatic visits
by, 84-85; Hromada Party of,
136; on NBU scandal, 175, 176;
political asylum requested by,
151-52
Lenin, Vladimir, 20
LEU. See Low enriched uranium
Libya: as pariah state, 89, 120, 126;
strategic relationship with
Ukraine, 119-20
Lipton, David, 89
Lisbon Protocol (1992), 22, 28,
44-45, 54-55, 69
Lithuania, as independent state, 2,
12, 16
Low enriched uranium (LEU), 40,
47, 49-50, 57
Lugar, Richard: Cooperative Threat
Reduction assistance launched
by, 27, 50; on presidential
election (2004), 268, 269-70; on
weapons transfers to Macedonia,
215; witness to ICBM
destruction, 145
Lukashenka, Alyaksandr, 70
364
Index
Lukin, Vladimir, 301-02
Luzhkov, Yuriy, 31
Lyovochkin, Serhiy, 241-42, 252,
256, 259, 299
Lytsytskyy, Viktor, 174
Lytvyn, Volodymyr, 176, 215, 218,
268, 272
Macedonia, Ukrainian arms
transfers to, 214, 215, 218, 258,
320
Malaysian Air Flight 17 disaster
(2014), 306
Malev, Valeriy, 224, 228-29
Mamedov, Georgiy, 52, 53, 56, 57,
58,95
Manafort, Paul, 283
MAPs. See Membership action
plans
Marchuk, Yevhen: on Black Sea
Fleet, 99; diplomatic visits by,
168; on NATO-Ukraine
relations, 238; in presidential
election (1999), 161, 166; as
prime minister, 83; on reform
agenda, 170; on U.S.-Ukraine
relations, 230
Market-oriented economic reform,
69, 106, 107-08, 317
Markov, Sergey, 266
Martynyuk, Adam, 174-75
Masandra summit, 47
Mattis, James, 314
Maydan Revolution (2014), 276,
299-302,332
McCain, John, 300
McConnell, Robert, 17
McCurry, Mike, 208
Medish, Mark, 147, 176
Medvedchuk, Viktor, 174, 175,
230-31, 265, 298
Medvedev, Dmitry, 290, 291, 292
Megatons to megawatts
agreement, 50
Melnychenko, Mykola, 211-12,
215, 224
Membership action plans (MAPs),
248, 251, 279, 282,284-87, 328
Merkel, Angela: in Donbas
negotiations, 308-09, 312, 313;
on EU association agreement,
297, 299, 329; in EU dialogue
with Putin, 330; on Minsk II
agreement, 308-09, 312, 313,
325; on NATO membership for
Ukraine, 286
Meshkov, Yuriy, 98
Military-to-military relations, 62,
69, 142, 145-47, 294
Military training exercises, 104-06,
147
Miller, William, 53, 78, 79, 88,
100
Milosevic, Slobodan, 153, 154,
156, 157
Minsk II agreement, 308-09, 311,
312,313, 325
Missiles. See Intercontinental
ballistic missiles; SCUD missiles
Missile Technology Control Regime
(MTCR), 64, 101-03, 118, 128,
130, 131
Mityukov, Ihor: on economic
policy, 148, 173; on energy
sector, 189; on extended fund
facility, 144, 145, 188; financial
crisis concerns of, 143; as
minister of finance, 172
Mobile ballot boxes, 138
Morningstar, Richard, 88, 89, 132,
134-35, 196
Moroz, Oleksandr: on Gongadze
abduction, 201, 211; in
presidential election (1999), 149,
161, 164, 205; in presidential
election (2004), 264, 267; as
Rada speaker, 83, 93; on tension
between president and prime
minister, 193-94
Morozov, Kostyantyn, 46, 51
Most-favored-nation trading status,
15, 21,23, 134
Index
365
MTCR. See Missile Technology
Control Regime
Multi-vector foreign policy, 122,
152,201,203,278
Murphy, Chris, 300
Murphy, Dan, 146
Napper, Larry, 9, 14, 18, 20, 26
National Bank of Ukraine (NBU):
audit of, 177; corruption scandal
involving, 175-77, 178, 182;
credit emissions from, 80;
reserves of, 145, 182; technical
assistance for, 112; transparency
in activities of, 176, 182; and
Yushchenko, 143
National Democratic Institute
(NDI), 219, 238,241,245
NATO. See North Atlantic Treaty
Organization
NATO-Ukraine relations: charter
outlining principles of, 95—98,
118; as distinctive partnership,
75, 122, 139, 140, 275; evolution
of, 92, 93-95, 152; impact on
Russia-Ukraine relations, 101,
105, 196; inquiry regarding
NATO membership, 221—24,
260—61; and Kosovo crisis,
153—57; Kuchma on, 92—93, 100,
122—23, 156; on membership
action plan, 248, 251, 279, 282,
284-87, 328; motivations for,
123; NATO-Ukraine summit, 89,
90, 97, 140, 248, 254-55; and
Partnership for Peace, 91, 92, 93,
122; policy recommendations for,
327—28; and presidential election
(2004), 248, 251; public support
for, 122, 238, 282, 285, 288,
308, 327
Nazarbayev, Nursultan, 70, 160
NBC (nuclear/biological/chemical)
defense units, 235—36, 261
NBU. See National Bank of
Ukraine
NDI. See National Democratic
Institute
Neutrality status, 93, 123
New Independent States: embassy
establishment efforts in, 19-21,
33; emergence of, 9; NATO
outreach to, 91; policy reviews
of, 26, 27; U.S. relations with, 2,
30, 33. See also specific name of
state
Niles, Thomas M. T., 9, 18
9/11 terrorist attacks (2001), 216,
234
Nixon, Richard, 14
Nonproliferation Treaty of 1968
(NPT): extension of, 41; and
Lisbon Protocol, 28, 44, 55; on
nuclear weapon ownership
status, 46; and post-Soviet states,
19; review conference on, 79, 81;
Ukrainian accession to, 6, 25—26,
43-44, 57, 66-68, 70
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
(NATO): on arms transfers from
Ukraine to Macedonia, 214, 215;
Article 5 guarantee for members,
48, 76, 95; Bush (G.W.) on,
212—13; and Central European
nations, 2, 24; enlargement of,
81, 91-97, 122-23, 140, 229; in
Kosovo crisis, 147, 153—57, 202;
membership action plans from,
248, 251, 279, 282, 284-87, 328;
on nuclear-weapon-free zones,
94— 95; open-door policy of,
96-97, 152, 153, 222, 293, 328;
Partnership for Peace, 68, 91, 92,
93, 122; Russian relations with,
95- 96, 100, 122, 223; standards
for membership in, 222. See also
NATO-Ukraine relations
Northern Watch Operation, 224
NPT. See Nonproliferation Treaty
of 1968
Nuclear/biological/chemical (NBC)
defense units, 235—36, 261
366
Index
Nuclear reactors. See Chornobyl
nuclear power plant; Fuel rods
Nuclear weapons, 37-76;
Chornobyl disaster (1986), 14,
38, 69, 75, 81; civil nuclear
cooperation, 89, 119, 128, 129,
141; compensation for
destruction of, 45-47, 49—50, 52,
55-58, 61; denuclearization
process, factors for success,
72-73; diplomatic approach to,
34-35, 37, 73; Iran-Ukraine
cooperation, 129, 131-32; Lisbon
Protocol on, 22, 28, 44-45,
54-55, 69; political
considerations for, 40;
proliferation of, 88, 119, 128-29;
proposal for nuclear-weapon-free
zones, 94-95; Russia-Ukraine
negotiations on, 43, 45-48;
security assurances related to,
48-49, 50-52, 57, 66-67, 70-71;
technical challenges of
maintaining, 39; trilateral
discussions of, 52, 53-61, 64-67;
U.S.-Ukraine engagement over, 5,
40-45, 74, 292, 316; views and
interests of Ukraine, 21, 38-40.
See also Intercontinental ballistic
missiles; Nonproliferation Treaty
of 1968; Strategic Arms
Reduction Treaty
Nuland, Victoria, 300, 309, 312
Nunn, Sam, 27
Nunn-Lugar assistance. See
Cooperative Threat Reduction
program
Obama, Barack: on Donbas crisis,
307, 308, 328; nuclear security
summit process launched by,
292; response to Russian
aggression against Crimea, 76;
U.S.-Russia relations under, 290,
291, 303-04; on U.S.-Ukraine
relations, 289; and visa bans, 250
Oblenerhos (regional energy
distributors), 189, 190
Odesa-Brody pipeline project,
190-91, 213, 230, 245, 257
Ohryzko, Volodymyr, 149, 152,
156,160, 288
123 agreement, 89, 119, 120, 128,
141
Open-door policy (NATO), 96-97,
152, 153, 222,293, 328
OPIC. See Overseas Private
Investment Corporation
Orange Revolution (2004), 208,
263, 270-73, 276,332
Orel, Anatoliy: on certification
requirement, 149; on CIS free
trade zone, 198; on EU-Ukraine
relations, 139; on Kosovo crisis,
154-55; on presidential election
(1999), 163, 165; on reform
agenda, 170, 178
Organization for Security and
Cooperation in Europe (OSCE):
consensus as basis of operation
for, 326; in Donbas region, 308;
on presidential election (1999),
163, 165-66; on presidential
election (2004), 267, 269, 270; on
presidential election (2010),
290-91; on presidential election
(2014), 305; on Rada elections,
137, 138, 221, 258
Osyka, Serhiy, 134-35, 149
Our Ukraine Party, 221, 241, 256,
280
Overseas Private Investment
Corporation (OPIC), 21, 24, 64,
111, 149, 206
Pariah states, 75, 89, 119-20, 126
Partnership for Peace (NATO), 68,
91, 92, 93,122
Pascual, Carlos: on arms transfers
to Macedonia, 218; in
certification process, 135, 147,
150; and Chornobyl closure,
Index
367
114—15; on democratic elections,
220; on energy sector reform,
213—14, 259; on foreign policy,
166—67; on Gongadze
investigation, 200-01, 214-15,
257—58; on Kolchuga affair,
230—31; preparation for visit by
Kuchma, 84, 88; on presidential
election (2004), 246—47; request
for overflight clearance, 216; on
rule of law, 210; on Sibir 1812
incident, 217; on U.S.-Ukraine
relations, 230, 233-34, 238-40
Passy, Solomon, 272
Patterson, Bob, 138
PAUCI (Polish-American-Ukrainian
Cooperation Initiative), 159
Pavlovskiy, Gleb, 266
Pavlychko, Dmytro, 45
Peace Corps, 24, 25, 111, 172
Peacekeeping missions, 104-05,
157
Peace Shield-95 exercise, 104—05
Pence, Mike, 314
People’s Front, 307, 308, 312
People’s Movement of Ukraine, 161
Perestroyka (restructuring), 12
Pereyaslav, Treaty of (1654), 2,
10, 30
Perry, Bill, 51, 56, 62, 63-64, 83,
104-05
Pickering, Thomas, 53
Pikhovshek, Vyacheslav, 164
Pinchuk, Viktor, 137, 231, 273
Pipelines: Odesa-Brody project,
190-91, 213, 230, 245, 257;
reform of transportation and
distribution network, 214;
siphoning of gas from, 197;
tariffs for use of, 198; transit
through Russia, 32, 112
Pirate compact disc factories, 179,
182-86, 238
Pivdenmash rocket and missile
plant, 39, 66, 102, 104
Plachkov, Ivan, 171
Plyushch, Ivan, 54, 175
Podesta, John, 208
Poland: cooperation initiative with
Ukraine, 159; EU relations with,
186; in military training
exercises, 105; in NATO
expansion, 93, 94, 97, 140, 223;
Ukrainian relations with, 94,
139, 146; in Visegrad Four, 93
Polish-American-Ukrainian
Cooperation Initiative (PAUCI),
159
Political asylum, 151—52, 211—12
Political system: corruption in, 7,
86-87, 89, 125, 168-69, 319;
division of power in, 181,
193—96, 318—19; inefficiency of,
108. See also Elections; Rada
Popadiuk, Roman, 20, 24, 25,
28,49
Poroshenko, Petro: in Donbas
negotiations, 307, 308-09, 313;
on EU-Ukraine relations, 306;
national security role of, 279; on
NATO-Ukraine relations, 308; in
presidential election (2014), 305;
reform efforts needed by, 332—33,
334; tension with cabinet, 310,
312, 318
Potebenko, Mykhaylo, 201
Powell, Colin: on deactivation of
nuclear weapons, 51; diplomatic
visits by, 277; on NATO-Ukraine
relations, 232, 241; on Orange
Revolution, 271; on presidential
election (2004), 245-46, 254,
263, 270,274
Presidential elections (Ukraine): of
1992, 18; of 1994, 65; of 1999,
149, 160-66, 203, 205; of 2004,
246-55, 263-70, 274; of 2010,
289, 290-91; of 2014, 305
Pressley, Don, 178
Primakov, Yevgeniy, 100
Procurement procedures,
transparency in, 331
368
Index
Protests. See Maydan Revolution;
Orange Revolution
Purnell, Jon, 81
Pustovoytenko, Valeriy, 136, 144,
145, 148, 171, 321
Putin, Vladimir: and Clinton (Bill),
186; on collapse of Soviet Union, 1,
29; in Donbas negotiations, 308,
313; EU relationship with, 330;
gas wars resolution by, 289; insults
to Ukrainian sovereignty by, 11,
298; and Kuchma, 180, 197-98,
244; on NATO membership
bid by Ukraine, 285-86; and
Yanukovych, 266, 299
Pyatt, Geoffrey, 299, 300, 310, 311,
312
Pynzenyk, Viktor, 69
Quayle, Dan, 22
Rabynovych, Vadym, 168-69, 205
Rada (Supreme Council): address
by Bush to, 15-16; antiprotest
laws passed by, 300; blocs and
factions of, 80, 110, 319; censure
of electoral commission by, 272,
274; civil society activists in, 334;
corruption in, 86; declaration of
independence by, 16, 18; and
economic reform, 143, 144;
military doctrine approved by,
54; on nuclear weapon policies,
38-40, 45-47, 55, 61, 67-68, 70;
political factions in, 108;
ratification of CIS agreement, 29;
separation crisis in, 174-75; on
troop deployments to Iraq, 236,
237, 256; in Tuzla Island crisis,
243. See also Rada elections
Rada elections: of 1994, 64; of
1998, 136-39, 203; of 2002,
218-21, 258; of 2006, 279-81; of
2007, 283; of 2012, 296-97; of
2014, 307-08; OSCE on, 137,
138,221,258
Radio Liberty, 219, 223-24,
251-52
Red entrepreneurs, 86
Reeve, Roy, 136
Reform: administrative, 169-70,
171; agricultural, 107, 135, 173,
177; of energy sector, 82, 111-13,
124-25, 177, 189-90, 213-14;
of industrial sector, 107, 132;
obstacles to, 6-8, 108, 123-24,
144, 318-19; policy
recommendations for, 331-35.
See also Economic reform
Regions Party, 279, 280, 289, 297,
302
Rice, Condoleezza: diplomatic visits
by, 213-15, 234, 257; meetings
hosted by, 282; on presidential
election (2004), 268; on
Ukrainian bid for NATO
membership, 285; on
U.S.-Ukraine strategic
partnership, 288; on weapons
transfers to Macedonia, 258, 320
Richardson, Bill, 186
Robertson, George, 196, 232
Rockwell International, 102
Rodnyanskyy, Oleksandr, 164-65
Rogue states. See Pariah states
Rohovyy, Vasyl, 194
Ross, Dennis, 21
Rotfeld, Adam, 229, 230, 248, 251
Rukh movement, 13, 17, 38
Rumsfeld, Donald, 235, 264-65
Russia: Bushehr plant construction
in Iran, 88, 119-20, 128, 131,
141, 316; civil war in, 10; claims
to Kyivan Rus’ by, 2; as
continuation state following
Soviet collapse, 19; evolution in
post-Soviet world, 2; in Kosovo
crisis, 157, 202; and Lisbon
Protocol, 44; in military training
exercises, 105-06, 147;
relationship with NATO, 95-96,
100, 122, 223; security
Index
369
assurances given by, 71; in Single
Economic Space, 241, 242, 256,
261; START commitments
undertaken by, 22, 41-42, 45,
70; in trilateral discussion on
nuclear weapons, 52, 53—61,
64—67; on Ukrainian accession to
NPT, 67—68. See also Chechnya;
Crimea; Putin, Vladimir;
Russia-Ukraine relations; Soviet
Union; U.S.-Russia relations
Russia-Ukraine relations: and CFE
flank agreement, 116-18;
challenges in, 28-33, 287-88;
economic issues in, 28-29, 32,
185, 197-98; in energy imports,
32, 112, 125, 198, 280, 289; on
EU association agreement with
Ukraine, 298, 329; on fuel rod
supplies, 32, 61, 71; gas wars,
280, 289; historical and cultural
linkages, 10, 11, 28; in Kosovo
crisis, 157, 202;
misunderstandings in, 331; on
NATO membership bid by
Ukraine, 285-86; nuclear
weapon negotiations in, 43,
45-48; and Odesa-Rrody pipeline
project, 190-91, 245, 257; policy
recommendations for, 324-27; in
presidential election (2004), 266;
transparency in, 51; treaty of
friendship and cooperation in,
100, 101; and Tuzla Island crisis,
242-44, 323-24. See also Black
Sea Fleet; Crimea; Donbas region
Rutskoy, Aleksandr, 22-23, 31
Rybachuk, Oleh, 174, 177, 191, 211
Saddam Hussein, 235
Safire, William, 16
Sanctions: economic and financial,
75, 76, 303-04, 305, 306, 325;
trade, 23, 186, 233, 278, 298;
violation of, 226; visa, 206, 301,
333
Sarkozy, Nicolas, 286
SBU. See Security Service of
Ukraine
Schumaker, James, 79, 128
Science and Technology Center of
Ukraine, 129, 131, 141
SCUD missiles, 118-19, 130, 219
Sea Breeze exercises, 105-06, 147,
153
Sea Launch project (Boeing), 102,
104
Security Council (UN), 158-59,
216,234-35
Security Service of Ukraine (SBU),
162, 179, 219, 228, 231-32,
293
September 11 terrorist attacks
(2001), 216, 234
Serbia, Kosovo crisis and, 147,
153-57, 202
Sestanovich, Stephen: in
certification process, 147,
148, 149; on foreign policy,
128-29, 166-67, 183-84; on
NATO-Ukraine relations, 196;
on NBU scandal, 176; on
presidential election (1999), 160
Sevastopol (Crimea): ethnic
diversity in, 30; as independent
administrative-economic center,
30; Russian claims to ownership
of, 31. See also Black Sea Fleet
Shadman-Valavi, Mohammad, 173,
176
Shamshur, Oleh, 251, 256, 257
Shcherbak, Yuriy, 92, 97, 100
Shcherbytskiy, Volodymyr, 13
Shmarov, Valeriy: background, 56,
57, 58, 59; on Black Sea Fleet,
79—80, 98; diplomatic visits
hosted by, 83; missile equipment
transfer agreement signed by, 64;
on NATO-Ukraine relations, 93;
in trilateral meetings on nuclear
weapons, 56
Shokin, Viktor, 311
370
Index
Shpek, Roman, 132, 134
Shushkevich, Stanislav, 18
Sibir 1812 incident (2011), 216-17
Sikorski, Radek, 329
Single Economic Space, 241-42,
256, 261
Slovakia: UN Security Council seat,
desire for, 158, 159; in Visegrad
Four, 93
Smeshko, Ihor, 272
Sobkov, Vasyl, 142
Solana, Javier, 95, 96, 118, 139,
271, 272, 275
Southern Watch Operation, 224
Soviet Union: agricultural sector in,
107; in Cold War, 1; end of, 18,
19; external policy changes
(1985-1991), 12-13; geopolitical
transformation following, 1-2,
29, 30; perestroyka and glasnost
policies in, 12; U.S. policy toward
collapse of, 2, 4, 13-16, 33.
See also Russia
Space launch. See Commercial
space launch market
Stalin, Joseph, 10
Steiner, Jim, 37
Stelmakh, Volodymyr, 175-76
Stepanchuk, John, 14
Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty
(START): implementation of,
41—42, 70—71; and Lisbon
Protocol, 22, 28, 44-45, 54-55,
69; multilateralization of, 43; as
precondition for U.S.-Ukraine
relations, 25-26; Rada on, 39
Strategic nuclear weapons. See
Nuclear weapons
Strauss, Robert, 17
Summers, Lawrence, 26, 170, 178,
182,333
Sunden, Jed, 179
Surkis, Hryhoriy, 174, 181, 189-90,
206, 250, 256, 265
Surkov, Vladislav, 312
Svoboda Party, 301
Symonenko, Petro, 149, 160-61,
165, 181, 248, 264, 267
Tabachnyk, Dmytro, 99, 205
Talbott, Strobe: administrative
review of Ukrainian policy, 26,
27; on Black Sea Fleet, 79-80; on
CFE flank agreement, 117;
diplomatic visits by, 34-35, 51,
79; on financial crisis, 144; on
NATO enlargement, 91-92, 93,
95, 96-97; on presidential
election (1999), 163; on status of
Crimea, 98; in trilateral meetings
on nuclear weapons, 52, 56
Taliban, 216
Taplin, Mark, 162
Tarasyuk, Borys: background of,
26-27; diplomatic visits by, 51,
139-40; dismissal of, 199; on
EU-Ukraine relations, 179; on
extended fund facility, 144; on
foreign policy, 166-67; on
Kosovo crisis, 147, 154, 155; on
NATO-Ukraine relations, 91-92,
93, 140, 153, 196, 279; on NBU
scandal, 175-76, 177; on Orange
Revolution, 272-73; on
presidential election (1999),
163-64; security assurances
discussed with, 49; in trilateral
meetings on nuclear weapons,
52, 53, 56, 57, 58; on UN
Security Council seat, 158
Taylor, William: in certification
process, 147; on investment
assistance, 133; on Kolchuga
affair, 226, 227; on reforms, 178,
282; settlement of disputes by,
283, 287
Technical assistance programs,
23,25
Tedstrom, John, 163, 178
Tefft, John, 271, 290, 291, 297-98
Tenet, George, 168, 205-06
Terrorism, 216, 234-35
Index
371
Tihipko, Sergey: on administrative
reform, 169—70; on business
dispute cases, 149; and
certification process, 134, 135;
and economic reform, 141, 148;
as minister of economy, 172, 195;
on reelection of Kuchma, 166
Timbie, James, 41, 48-49, 53, 70
Tkachenko, Oleksandr, 161,
174-75
Trade: bilateral discussions of, 69;
in economic reform, 23, 82; free
trade zones, 197, 198; Jackson-
Vanik amendment restrictions
on, 23, 186, 233, 278; most-
favored-nation trading status, 15,
21, 23, 134; and Single Economic
Space, 241-42, 256, 261; World
Trade Organization, 134, 237,
241, 242, 245, 261. See also
Sanctions
Trade Act of 1974, 23
Trafficking, human, 91
Training exercises. See Military
training exercises
Transparency: in elections, 162,
265; in energy sector, 113; in
NBU activities, 176, 182; in
procurement procedures, 331; in
Russia-Ukraine relations, 51
Treaties. See specific name of treaty
Trilateral Statement (1994), 57,
59-61, 64-67, 73
Truman, Ted, 147
Trump, Donald, foreign policy of,
313-14, 324
Turboatom plant (Ukraine), 88,
119-20, 129, 131-32, 207, 316
Turchynov, Oleksandr, 302
Tuzla Island crisis, 242-44, 323—24
Tyahnybok, Oleh, 301-02
Tymoshenko, Yuliya: background,
136—37; criticism of government
programs by, 310; as deputy
prime minister, 172—73; dismissal
of, 210; and energy sector, 87,
189-90, 259; gas wars resolution
by, 289; on NATO-Ukraine
relations, 284-85; opposition to,
194-95, 284; in presidential
election (2010), 289, 290-91; on
presidential election (2004), 253,
268; as prime minister, 279, 284,
287; prosecution of, 294-95, 297
Udovenko, Hennadiy: and Budapest
Memorandum, 70; and CFE
flank agreement, 117; diplomatic
visits by, 84; on NATO-Ukraine
relations, 92, 94-95, 96; on
nuclear cooperation with Iran,
131; on overnight visit by Bill
Clinton, 79; on Ukrainian
contracts with pariah states,
119-20
Ukraine: agricultural sector in, 107;
arms transfers by, 214, 215, 218;
challenges facing, 4, 35, 62;
claims to Kyivan Rus’ by, 2;
east-west divide, 11—12;
economic and industrial features,
2-3; ethnic diversity of, 10,
11-12; financial crisis in, 144;
Freedom House rankings for,
293; history of, 10-12; human
trafficking in, 91; as independent
state, 1—2, 9, 16—18; in Kosovo
crisis, 147, 153—57, 202; and
Lisbon Protocol, 22, 28, 44,
54-55; Maydan Revolution in,
276, 299-302, 332; in military
training exercises, 104—06, 147;
and Nonproliferation Treaty, 6,
25, 26, 43, 44; in nuclear
weapons trilateral discussion, 52,
53-61, 64-67; Orange
Revolution in, 208, 263, 270-73,
276, 332; and pariah states, 89,
119-20, 126; in Single Economic
Space, 241-42, 256, 261; START
commitments undertaken by, 22,
25-26, 28, 39, 41-42, 70; tension
372
Index
Ukraine (cont.)
between president and prime
minister, 181, 193-96, 204,
210; troop deployments in Iraq,
236-37, 255-56, 261-62,
316; UN Security Council
nonpermanent seat held by,
158-59, 216, 234-35; Y2K
preparations in, 171-72. See also
Chornobyl nuclear power plant;
Crimea; Donbas region; Elections;
Energy sector; EU-Ukraine
relations; NATO-Ukraine
relations; Political system; Russia-
Ukraine relations; U.S.-Ukraine
relations
Ukraine fatigue, 332, 334
Ukrainian Americans: community
support for Ukrainian
independence, 17, 18; fundraising
for Ukrainian embassy, 21;
lobbying for Kravchuk state
visit, 22
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
See Soviet Union
United Energy Systems, 87, 136-37
United Nations Security Council,
158-59, 216, 234-35
United States: air missions in Iraq,
224; in Cold War, 1; in military
training exercises, 104-06, 147;
policy toward collapse of Soviet
Union, 2, 4, 13-16, 33;
September 11 terrorist attacks in,
216, 234; in trilateral discussion
on nuclear weapons, 52, 53-61,
64-67. See also U.S.-Russia
relations; U.S.-Ukraine relations
Uranium. See Highly enriched
uranium; Low enriched uranium
U.S. Agency for International
Development (USAID): on
agricultural sector reform, 135;
budget proposals from, 150; on
Decree 832, 192; economic
reform efforts supported by, 6,
64; on energy sector reform,
112—13; funding reductions in
response to Kolchuga affair, 227;
investment assistance from, 133,
159; line items in Ukraine
program, 111-12; restructuring
of assistance from, 188; technical
and humanitarian assistance
from, 25; Y2K preparations by,
171
U.S. Trade Development Agency,
190
Ushakov, Yuriy, 244
U.S.-Russia relations: and
denuclearization, 56; in Obama
administration, 290, 291,
303-04; policy recommendations
for, 325, 326, 327; proliferation
issues in, 88, 119, 128-29; and
sanctions, 76, 303-04, 305, 306,
325; U.S. guidelines for
recognition of Russia, 19
U.S.-Ukraine relations: assessment
of, 169, 233-34; broadening of,
5, 62-64, 68-69, 81, 185; Bush
(G.W.) on, 209-16, 217-18;
business dispute cases in, 88, 90,
133-35, 148-51, 206, 320; and
CFE flank agreement, 115-18,
125-26; charter on, 51; civil
nuclear cooperation in, 89, 119,
128, 129, 141; in commercial
space launch market, 82, 84,
101-04, 186; and compact disc
piracy, 179, 182-86, 238;
cultural challenges in, 8; defense
relationship, 104-06, 121, 216,
219; in Donbas crisis, 304, 307,
308-09, 311, 312; high-level
dialogue in, 217-21, 238, 249,
278, 322-23; and investment
opportunities, 15, 23, 63-64, 69;
in Iraq war, 234-37, 261-62;
joint declaration on democratic
partnership, 23-24; and
Kolchuga affair, 224-29,
Index
373
230—31, 260; lessons learned
from, 6, 315-24; military-to-
military relations, 62, 69, 142,
145-47, 294; objectives of, 4;
policy recommendations for, 6,
324—35; political support in, 21,
22—23; recognition of Ukrainian
independence, 17-18; security
assurances in, 48-49, 57, 70-71;
and Single Economic Space,
241-42; as strategic partnership,
83-91, 93-94, 186, 203, 288;
and trade, 15, 21, 23, 69, 278;
and Tuzla Island crisis, 242-44,
323-24. See also Economic
reform; Gore-Kuchma
Commission; Nuclear weapons
Verkhovna Rada. See Rada
Vershbow, Alexander, 153, 154
Visa bans, 168, 205-06, 250, 256,
301, 333
Visegrad Four, 93
Vitrenko, Nataliya, 161, 164, 267,
268
Volkov, Oleksandr, 168, 169, 181,
190, 205
Vote manipulation, 263, 268-69.
See also Elections
Warner, Ted, 142
Warsaw Pact, 2, 12, 91, 92
Washington Treaty (1949), 48
Weapons of mass destruction. See
Nuclear weapons
Weiss, Andrew, 95
Westinghouse, 141, 186, 192-93
Wilson, Ross, 145, 150, 167-68
Wise, Bill, 85
Wolfowitz, Paul, 22
Women, trafficking of, 91
World Bank: assistance from, 55,
88, 89, 188; and economic
reform, 84-85, 90, 110; on
energy sector reform, 113;
low-interest credits provided by,
21, 75, 80; violation of
guarantees given to, 191
World Trade Organization (WTO),
134, 237, 241, 242, 245, 261
World War I, 10
World War II, 10, 15
Yanayev, Gennadiy, 15
Yanukovych, Viktor: background
of, 239; and corruption, 7,
293—95, 319; diplomatic visits by,
245-46, 282-83, 296; on
EU-Ukraine relations, 291,
297-99; foreign policy of,
291-92, 296; and Maydan
Revolution, 299-302; on NATO-
Ukraine relations, 282, 291; on
Odesa-Brody pipeline, 257;
political influence over Rada,
279, 280; in presidential election
(2004), 246-48, 252, 263-64,
266-70, 274; in presidential
election (2010), 289, 290-91; as
prime minister, 238, 281; and
Putin, 266, 299; roundtable
discussions following Orange
Revolution, 272; on Single
Economic Space, 256; in Tuzla
Island crisis, 244; Yushchenko,
dispute with, 282—83
Yatsenyuk, Arseniy, 285, 297,
301-02,310,312,318
Yekhanurov, Yuriy, 172, 178, 188,
279, 280
Yelchenko, Volodymyr, 229-30, 231
Yeltsin, Boris: agreement to sign
friendship and cooperation treaty,
88-89; Black Sea Fleet negotiations
by, 99, 100-01; and Bush, 16,
17; and Clinton (Bill), 52, 56,
60-61, 81, 100; on Crimea, 30,
31; diplomatic meetings with, 19,
22; on end of Soviet Union, 18;
at Masandra summit, 47; and
START implementation, 70; U.S.
support for, 13, 14
374
Index
Yezhel, Mykhaylo, 146
Y2K preparations, 171-72
Yushchenko, Viktor: on
agricultural sector, 192;
background, 143-44; and Bush
(G.W.), 278, 288; diplomatic
visits by, 181^83, 278, 288;
dismissal of, 211, 318; dispute
with Yanukovych, 282-83; on
energy sector reform, 189; on
extended fund facility, 188;
foreign policy of, 277-79,
287-88; inauguration of, 277;
Kuchma, tension with, 181,
193-96, 204, 210; and National
Bank of Ukraine, 141, 145; on
NATO-Ukraine relations, 279,
282, 284-85, 286; and NBU
corruption scandal, 175—77, 182;
in presidential election (2004),
246-48, 252, 263-64, 266-70,
274; in presidential election
(2010), 290; as prime minister,
170-71, 172-74, 318; on reform
agenda, 69, 144, 148, 178, 180,
201-02; roundtable discussions
following Orange Revolution,
272; on troop deployments in
Iraq, 256; and U.S.-Ukraine
relations, 278, 323
Zhirinovskiy, Vladimir, 72
Zhukeyev, Tulegen, 44
Zhulynskyy, Mykola, 185
Zlenko, Anatoliy: on arms transfers
to Macedonia, 218; on
deployment of NBC defense unit,
235; diplomatic visits by, 25, 216;
as foreign minister, 20, 199; and
Lisbon Protocol, 22, 44, 54; on
NATO-Ukraine relations, 222,
232, 248; protest of asylum
granted to Melnychenko, 212
Zvarych, Roman, 247, 253
r Bayerische
Staatsbibliothek
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Pifer, Steven |
| author_facet | Pifer, Steven |
| author_role | aut |
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| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV044414416 |
| callnumber-first | E - United States History |
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| callnumber-sort | E 3183.8 U38 |
| callnumber-subject | E - United States History |
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| dewey-ones | 327 - International relations |
| dewey-raw | 327.730477 |
| dewey-search | 327.730477 |
| dewey-sort | 3327.730477 |
| dewey-tens | 320 - Political science (Politics and government) |
| discipline | Politologie |
| era | Geschichte 1991- gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1991- |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV044414416 |
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| physical | 374 Seiten |
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| spelling | Pifer, Steven aut The eagle and the trident U.S.-Ukraine relations in turbulent times Steven Pifer Washington, D.C. Brookings Institution Press [2017] 374 Seiten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Includes bibliographical references and index Geschichte 1991- gnd rswk-swf Außenpolitik Internationale Politik (DE-588)4072885-7 gnd rswk-swf USA United States Foreign relations Ukraine Ukraine Foreign relations United States USA (DE-588)4078704-7 gnd rswk-swf Ukraine (DE-588)4061496-7 gnd rswk-swf USA (DE-588)4078704-7 g Ukraine (DE-588)4061496-7 g Internationale Politik (DE-588)4072885-7 s Geschichte 1991- z DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-0-8157-3062-0 LoC Fremddatenuebernahme application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029816145&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis HEBIS Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029816145&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029816145&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Pifer, Steven The eagle and the trident U.S.-Ukraine relations in turbulent times Außenpolitik Internationale Politik (DE-588)4072885-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4072885-7 (DE-588)4078704-7 (DE-588)4061496-7 |
| title | The eagle and the trident U.S.-Ukraine relations in turbulent times |
| title_auth | The eagle and the trident U.S.-Ukraine relations in turbulent times |
| title_exact_search | The eagle and the trident U.S.-Ukraine relations in turbulent times |
| title_full | The eagle and the trident U.S.-Ukraine relations in turbulent times Steven Pifer |
| title_fullStr | The eagle and the trident U.S.-Ukraine relations in turbulent times Steven Pifer |
| title_full_unstemmed | The eagle and the trident U.S.-Ukraine relations in turbulent times Steven Pifer |
| title_short | The eagle and the trident |
| title_sort | the eagle and the trident u s ukraine relations in turbulent times |
| title_sub | U.S.-Ukraine relations in turbulent times |
| topic | Außenpolitik Internationale Politik (DE-588)4072885-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Außenpolitik Internationale Politik USA United States Foreign relations Ukraine Ukraine Foreign relations United States Ukraine |
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