The Ottoman Wild West: the Balkan frontier in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
New York
Cambridge University Press
2017
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Literaturverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register |
| Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Beschreibung: | xv, 324 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten |
| ISBN: | 9781107182639 |
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| 651 | 4 | |a Turkey |x History |y 1453-1683 | |
| 651 | 4 | |a Ludogorie (Bulgaria) |x History |y To 1500 | |
| 651 | 4 | |a Ludogorie (Bulgaria) |x History |y 16th century | |
| 651 | 4 | |a Gerlovo Region (Bulgaria) |x History |y To 1500 | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804177701881249792 |
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| adam_text | THE OTTOMAN WILD WEST
/ / / / / / ANTOV, NIKOLAYYYEAUTHOR
: : : : : : 2017
TABLE OF CONTENTS / INHALTSVERZEICHNIS
^^ - CONVERSION TO ISLAM IN DELIORMAN AND GERLOVO
7.1.1. CONVERSION TO ISLAM IN THE COUNTRYSIDE : GENERAL REMARKS
7.1.2 COLONIZING HETERODOX DERVISHES AND CONVERSION TO ISLAM
7.1.3 CONVERSION AND CONVERTS TO ISLAM IN THE URBAN CENTERS : THE CASES
OF HEZARGRAD AND SHUMNU
7.1.3.1 CONVERSION AND CONVERTS IN SIXTEENTH-CENTURY HEZARGRAD
7.1.3.2. CONVERSION AND CONVERTS IN SHUMNU
CONFESSIONALIZATION AND CONFESSION BUILDING : INSIGHTS FROM DELIORMAN
AND GERLOVO
DIESES SCHRIFTSTUECK WURDE MASCHINELL ERZEUGT.
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Index
Page numbers in bold refer to illustrations.
Abdal Cuneyd, 58
Abdal Murad, 57
Abdal Musa, 55n. 63, 57, 61 n. 88, 83n. 195
abdalan-x Rum, see Abdals of Rum
Abdals of Rum
in Anatolia, 72, 79-80
hagiographic traditions of, 226, 231, 232
Otman Baba’s branch of
in general, 93
coherency of, 218-19
convent network of, 142, 219-20
in Demir Baba’s vita, 207,
218-19, 224
founding of, 62
heterodoxy of, 244^15
marginalization of, 281
in Otman Baba’s vita 72, 73
persecution of, 241, 278-79
relationship with
Bektashis, 248
followers of Bedreddin, 248^9
Kizilba§, 249-50
Ottoman Empire, 216-17,
238-40, 279
sedentarization of, 86-87, 89, 93, 245
and Shiism, 246
practices of, 59, 218, 245
use of term, 55, 55n. 66
mention of, 9, 205
see also abdals of Rum; Akyazili Baba;
Demir Baba; Kademli Baba;
Otman Baba
abdals of Rum
practices of, 59
relationship with frontier lords, 55-56
use of term, 54-55, 72
see also Abdals of Rum; colonizing
dervishes
AbdiDede, 211,222
Abdurrahman Baba, 234
Abdüssamed Fakih, 64
Abdüsselam Bey, 152
Abrittus, 166, 167
Abu’l-Fida, 97
administrative language
of Ottoman Empire
and confessional vocabulary, 278
for districts, 109n. 60
for saints, 217
Agrizinus, 166
Ahi Musa, 59
Ahmed Bey, 173
Ahmed Pasha, 86
Akyazili Baba
death of, 217
and death of Kademli Baba, 213
mausoleum of, 215f. 6.2
peregrinations of, 214-15
as “pole of poles,” 72, 89, 143, 209,
210,211
relationship with
Demir Baba, 209
Ottoman Empire, 216
in vita of Demir Baba, 207, 209,
213, 214-15
zvaqf of, 216, 217n. 41
mention of, 9, 77
Ala al-Din Kayqubad I, 53
Ala al-Din Kayqubad II, 96
Ala Kilise (sub-province), 109, 113,
126-27, 127n. 36
Albania, 18, 32, 39
Alevi-Bektashi, 3, 7, 8n. 19
see also Bektashis; Kizilba§
Algar, Hamid, 246
Ali b. AbiTalib, 73, 75, 148, 226, 235,
245, 246
Ali Baba (son ofTay Hizir), 142, 215, 221,
221n.50, 281
Ali BegTay Hizir, see Ali Baba
305
306
Index
Ali Büzürk, 239
Ali Dede, see Haci Ali Dede
Ali Pasha, 225, 234, 240
alms-tax (zakat), 258
Amasya, Treaty of, 23, 130
Anatolia
Abdals of Rum in, 72, 79-80
anti-Ottoman rebellions in, 23, 101,
103, 136, 170, 251
Babai Revolt in, 53-54, 97
cult of the saints in, 97
deportations from
to Balkans, 43, 119, 283
to Cyprus, 42-^43, 124
deportations to, 89
division of, 98
migration from
to Balkans, 95-96
to Deliorman, 123
to northeastern Balkans, 119
migration to
of colonizing dervishes, 50
of Oghuz, 50
Mongol invasion of, 50, 98
Ottoman expansion in, 17, 22
see also Sultanate of Rum
“Anatolia Transplanted? Patterns of
Demographic, Ethnic and
Religious Changes in the District
ofTozluk (N.E. Bulgaria), 1479-
1873” (Kiel), 9n. 21
Andreas del Palatio, 106
anti-Ottoman rebellions, see revolts/
rebellions
archiépiscopal seat, 189, 196
Arslan Koy ÇLâvino), 234
artisans
in Cumalu, 199
in Eski Cuma (city), 199
in Hezargrad (city), 176, 177
listings of, 174-75
in Shumnu (city), 188
Açikpaçazade, 54, 57, 82n. 187, 83, 118n. 8
Aydin, Emirate of, 15
Baba Ilyas Horasani, 53
Babagan (branch of the Bektashi
order), 250
Babai Revolt, 53-54, 97
Babais, 250
Babinger, Franz, 8, 8n. 19, 114, 218n. 42
bachelors
in Ali Baba, 143
in Chernovi (city), 190
and gift resmi, 267
and demographic analysis, 268n. 47
in Eski Cuma (city), 198, 200
in Hezargrad (city), 173
in Razboyna, 261-62
in Shumnu (city), 138, 184
in §iica Dede (convent of), 141
inTopuzlar, 147
in wagf mezra *as, 149
Bali (son of Emir Gazi), 190
Bali Bey, 151-52, 153
Bali Bey bin Sungur, 171
Bali Efendi, Sheykh, 8, 104, 113
Balim Sultan, 69, 82, 243, 246
Balivet, Michel, 10 In. 29, 249
Balkans
Christian coalition in, 99
Christian communities in, see Christian
villages/communities
Christian neo-martyrs in, 35
Christian Orthodox Church in, 274
colonization of, see colonization
cult of the saints in, 40, 51, 97, 227
deportations to, see deportations
Hurufism in, 76
Islam in, see Islam
mixed communities in, see mixed
villages/communities
Muslim communities in, see Muslim
villages/communities
Ottoman expansion in, 16-18, 19,
65-66, 98-99
Ottoman rule in
perceptions of
in general, 30-31, 32
as martyrium, 31-32
of Turkish historians, 32
urban development, see urban
development
see also northeastern Balkans; specific
cities; specific countries , specific
provinces; specific sub-provinces ,
specific villages
Barkan, Omer Lutfi, 37, 41, 42^15, 46,
116, 121, 122, 139, 146, 148,
160, 162, 163-64, 203, 204
bathhouses (hammams), 171, 176,
177, 187
Batkun Chronicle, 35n. 87
Batova, 210, 215, 216, 217n. 41, 238
Batovali Ali Abdal, 245n. 178
Battle of Ankara, 17, 98
Battle of Uhud, 76n. 156, 235
Bayezid Baba, 81
Bayezid I, 17, 43, 58
Bayezid II
assassination attempt on, 88
and Ottoman-Safavid conflict, 19, 22
persecution of dervishes by, 88-89,
277n. 73
Index
307
reforms of, 29, 87-88
reign of, 19
mention of, 277
Bayram Dede, 144
Bedreddin, Sheykh
appointment of (as kadi(asker) 100
biography of, 101-02
disciples/followers of
dispersal of, 104
in general, 102
integration in other groups of, 248-49
and origin of Muslim communities in
Balkans, 8, 113-14
peregrinations of, 102
rebellion of
in general, 101-04
and heterodoxy, 249
interpretations of, 104
as messianic movement, 104
and origin of Muslim communities, 113
originating in Deliorman, 2, 104, 118
support for, 103
mention of, 18, 94
vita of, 102n. 31
Beheim, Michel, 180
Behram Bey, 173
Bektashis
and Abdals of Rum, 248
assimilation of other groups by, 246-47
convent network of, 69, 243, 247
in Deliorman, 250
and Demir Baba, 243-44, 248
in Gerlovo, 114
growth of, 247
hagiographie traditions of, 6In. 88
history of, 82-83
and Janissaries, 83, 247
and Otman Baba, 83, 248
Beldiceanu-Steinherr, Irène, 65n. 105
Belovo Chronicle, 35n. 87
Bengal, 45n. 19, 67, 264n. 35, 285n. 6
Bentley, Jerry, 4
Bongars, Jacques, 270
Boril,Tsar of Bulgaria, 189n. 123
Bôrklüce Mustafa, 101, 102, 103,
118n. 8
Bosnia, 18, 32, 33, 38, 164
Budim (Buda), 209, 225, 229, 230n. 106,
235, 236, 237, 238, 279
Bulgaria
Byzantine control of, 179, 189
early history of, 94
Mihalogullari’s contribution to
development of, 48
Muslim population in, 8-9
Ottoman rule in, 31, 33n. 81
scholarly literature on, 8-9
see also First Bulgarian Kingdom;
Second Bulgarian Kingdom;
specific cities; specific villages
Bulgarian chronicles, 35n. 87
Bulliet, Richard, 258n. 16
Byzantine Empire
control of Bulgaria, 179, 189
control of Dobrudja, 97n. 12
weakening of, 15-16
Cahen, Claude, 159
Çandarh Ali Pasha, 65, 94, 167, 179
Çandarli Kara Halil Pasha, 28, 67
Ç at alcali Ali Efendi, 256n. 5
Catholics (Latinan), 184
cavalry, see sipahi cavalry
Cavalry of the Porte, 19, 60
Çavu§, 197, 198
çavus (officer/agent), 198
Celai, Sheykh, 23, 136, 170
celibacy, see practices
Çelebis (branch of the Bektashi order), 250
Central Asia, 50
Cesarini, Giuliano, Cardinal, 105
Chernovi (Cherven) city
archiépiscopal seat at, 189, 196
development model of, 165, 197, 201
fortresses at site of 190
in general, 189, 190
destruction of, 190
restoration of, 191 -92
medieval settlement at, 189-90
Ottoman
decline of, 195-96
market in, 191
population of
agricultural activities of, 193-95
Christian, 190-91, 192, 193
military personnel, 193
Muslim, 192-93, 195
urban status of, 192
surroundings of, 190
see also Chernovi (sub-province)
Chernovi (sub-province)
in general, 109, 126
derbend villages in, 156
descendants of the Prophet in, 147
Muslim communities in
founding of, around dervish
convents, 141-43
increase in, 127-28
with registered dervishes, 140
subdivision of, 129
zvaqf villages in, 150-52
see also Chernovi (Cherven) city; specific
cities; specific villages
chieftancies, conquest-oriented, 24-27
308
Index
child-levy (devshirme), 35
Christian Orthodox Church, 274
Christian village/communities
in Balkans
in Deliorman and Gerlovo
decrease in, 128, 259
distribution of, 128, 133
increase in, 129
number of, 133
subdivision of, 130
Muslim communities taking root
in, 261-62
and town status, 162
see also Christians; derbend (mountain
pass) villages
Christianity
conversion in, 255
proselytization in, 263
Christians
in Chernovi (city), 190-91, 192, 193
in Deliorman, 112, 259
in Eski Cuma (city), 199, 200
in Gerlovo, 259
in Shumnu (city), 181, 182, 184
see also Christian village/communities;
derbend (mountain pass) villages
chronicles, 35n. 87, 47
gift resmi (land-tax), 267
cities
Islamic
orientalist concept of
in general, 158
criticism on, 159
Ottoman
criteria for, 162
in imperial vision, 160-61,171
role of state in development
of, 203-04
scholarly debate on, 159-60, 163-64
and strategic importance, 203
and town status, 161, 202-03
and zvaqfs, 162-63
see also specific cities
cizye (poll-tax), 257, 266
colonization
of Balkans
colonizing dervishes’ role in, 58-60,
68-69, 139-47
Turcomans’ role in, 59-60, 164,
283, 285
and formation of Muslim
communities, 37-38
see also Muslim villages/communities
colonizing dervishes
Barkan on, 37, 44—45, 46
conquest campaigns of, 57, 63-65
convents of, see convents/lodges
impact of frontier zones on, 55-56, 59
marginalization of, 3—4, 71
migration of
to Anatolia, 50
to Balkans, 1
missionary activities of, 56
mysticism of, 50, 52-53
network of convents of, 45
non-Sharia-mindedness of, 49-50
origins of, 50
role in
colonization of Balkans, 58-60,
68-69, 139-47
conversion to Islam, 263-65
formation of Muslim communities,
37,44-45, 139, 140
sedentarization of, 2-3, 68,
92-93, 139-47
tax privileges of, 139, 140--42
and Turcomans, 1, 71
zvaqfs to, 57-59
as warrior dervishes, 45
see also abdals of Rum
colt-breeders (giirecis), 136, 137, 138
Comnena, Anna, 95n. 4
confessionalization
concept of, 274-75
criticism on, 275-76
in Ottoman context
in general, 276-77, 279-80
implementation of, 280-81, 286-87
in Ottoman/Safavid context, 287
methods of, 275
Constantine (Bulgarian prince), 99, 100
Constantinople, 18, 29
convents/lodges
Abdals of Rum network of, 142, 219-20
of Akyazili Baba, 210, 215, 216, 237,
238, 241,278
of Ali Baba, 142-43, 265, 281
of Bali Bey, 265
Bektashi network of, 69, 243, 247
of Burhan Dede, 265
colonizing dervishes’ network of, 45
with connections to Anatolia, 146
converts to Islam in, 265
of Dursun Baba, 224, 231, 241
of Gazi, Seyyid, 241
of Gul Baba, 224, 235
of Hafizoglu Mehmed Dede, 140, 219,
220n. 46
of Huseyin Dede, 146
inspections of, 241, 278
Index
309
of Kiz Ana, 219, 219n. 46, 265
of Kml Deli, 59, 69-71, 144, 229, 243
of Mustafa Halife, 143-44
of Otman Baba, 89-92, 214
registration of, 140
of Rüstern Gazi, 68, 69
of San Saltik, 241,279
of $üca Dede, 141-^12, 281
tax privileges of, 139, 140-42
in Thrace, 58-59, 145
ofTimur Han, 58, 59, 145
under ulema control, 143
villages founded around, 141-44
and zvaqfs, 144, 150, 238-39
ofYolkulu Baba, 219, 220n. 46
conversion
in Christianity, 255
in Islam
act of, 256-57
basic meaning of, 255-56
fattuas on, 256n. 5
requirements for, 256
to Islam
in Balkans
in general, 34
in Albania, 32
and colonizing dervishes, 263-65
in Deliorman and Gerlovo,
259-60, 284
forced, 34-36, 257n. 9
in Rhodopes, 260
in rural areas, 259-63
in urban areas, 266
voluntary, 36-37
in hagiographic traditions, 263-64
historical dynamics of, 258n. 16
motives for
in general, 257
material, 257-58, 262
in urban areas, 266-67
and self-narratives, 257n. 10
social acceptance of, 258
converts
to Islam
among residents of convents, 265
changing of names by, 256n. 6
and deportee status, 122
in Eski Cuma (city), 199
in Hezagrad (city), 267-71
Ottoman recognition of, 257n. 7
and petitions for new clothes, 257n. 10
in Shumnu (city), 271-74
Council of Ferrara-Florence, 105
Crusade of Varna, 94, 104-06, 165, 180,
190, 192
cult of seven, 76-77
Cumalu, 197n. 145, 198, 199, 200
Cumans, 95, 113
Cüneyd, 101, 239
Cvetkova, Bistra, 167
Cyprus, 42-43, 124
Dalkaç (tnezra a), 149n. 87
De Jong, Frederick, 8n. 19, 114
Deliorman
administrative districts of, 125-26
agriculture in, 117
and Bedreddin rebellion, 2, 104, 118
Christian communities in
decrease in, 128, 259
derbend villages in, 154-57
distribution of, 128, 133
increase in, 129
number of, 133
subdivision of, 130
Christians in, 112, 259
as demographic case, 107
deportations to, 115, 118-19, 283
dervish convents in, 219-20
see also convents/lodges
descendants of the Prophet in, 147-48
geography of, 5-7
Islam in
converts to
in general, 116
among residents of convents, 265
changing of names by, 256n. 6
in rural areas, 259-60
heterodox, 118
heterodox groups, see heterodox groups
Islamic culture in, 205-06
Islamization of space in, 116,
265, 284-85
mezra‘as in, 110, 126
migration to
from Anatolia, 123
importance in repopulation, 124
ofTurcomans, 115, 117-19, 282-83
mixed communities in, see mixed
villages/communities
Muslim communities in, see Muslim
villages/communities
oral traditions of, 218n. 42
in Otman Baba’s peregrinations,
73,118
Ottoman control of, 1, 116
population of, see population
progeny ofTimur Han in, 145-46
as refuge for dissidents, 2, 117,
124, 283
310
Index
Deliorman {com.)
settlement distribution in, see settlement
distribution
sheep-breeding in, 117
taxpayers in, 136, 137-38
urban development in, 2, 165, 201-02
see also specific cities
waqf mezra‘as in, 149
zvaqf villages in, 150-51, 152-53, 168
yiiriiks in, 126, 137-38
see also Nigbolu province
Demir Baba
appearance of, 229
birth of, dating of, 217
mausoleum of, 225, 225£. 6.3
as “pole of poles,” 62
vita of
Abdals of Rum in, 207, 218-19, 224
Akyazili Baba in, 207, 209,
213, 214-15
Ali Baba (son ofTay Hizir) in, 142
antinomian practices in, 245
birth in, 210, 212-13
conversion stories in, 264
dating of, 207-08
dating of events in, 217-18
as gazi-saint in, 235-38
genealogy in, 208
Haci Ali Dede in, 210-11, 213
Haci Bekta§ Veli in, 247—48
hagiographic content in, 207
historical context of, 248
identification of persons in, 220-22
importance of, 206-07
Kademli Baba in, 207, 210, 211,
212, 213
Kiz Ana in, 211, 213
letter from mother in, 224, 229, 237
life as kutb in, 223-25
miraculous abilities in
in general, 224, 226, 230-31
and dragons, 232-33
as gazi-samx 235-38
and infertility, 231-32
and punishment of oppressors, 234
and punishment of rivals, 234
and water, 231
narrative exposition of, 208-09
peregrinations in, 209, 213-15,
224, 228-30
physical strength in, 230
as “pole of poles” in, 215,
223, 227-28
relationships in
with Abdurrahman Baba, 234
with Akyazili Baba, 209
with Ali Pasha, 225, 234, 240
with Bektashis, 243-44, 248
with Gene Beg, 224, 241
with Hüseyin Baba, 225,
234, 243-44
with Ottoman Empire, 216,
238-40, 248
with Ramazan Hoca, 234
with San Yusuf, 223, 241
with Virani Baba, 225, 227n. 82,
234, 241^3
rivalries in, 240-44
Süleyman I in, 210, 212, 216, 218
Tay Hizir in, 142
upbringing in, 213-14
as wandering mystic in, 229
wedding of parents in, 210-11,218
guests at, 211-12
Yolkulu Dede in, 119
mention of, 206
mention of, 9, 40, 72, 77, 148, 206
deportations {sürgüri)
in general, 3-A, 37, 43-44, 121-22
from Anatolia
to Cyprus, 42-^13, 124
of Kizilbaç, 44
to Silistre, 119-20
of Turcomans, 115
to Anatolia, of dervishes, 89
from Anatolia, of Turcomans, 283
to Balkans
ofKizilbaç, 119
of Tatars, 43
ofTurcomans, 1-2, 43, 115,
118-19, 283
to Cyprus, 42-43
destinations of, 123-24
in Ottoman Empire’s control over,
122, 123
of rebellious groups, 44
by Selim I, 120
to Silistre, 104, 119-20
see also deportees; migrations
“Deportations as a Means of Settlement
and Colonization in the Ottoman
Empire” (Barkan), 42
deportees
and converts to Islam, 122
destinations of, 123-24
law-code regulations about, 121, 123
see also deportations
derbend (mountain pass) villages
in general, 153
explosive growth of, 154-55
founding of, 154
location of, 155
Index
311
Ottoman support for, 154, 157
predominantly Christian, 156-57
purpose of, 153, 156
rise of, 154
and zvaqfe, 153, 156
mention of, 70, 110, 134
derbendcis (mountain-pass guards)
in general, 134, 153, 154, 155-56, 157
tax exemption of, 154, 156, 157
see also derbend villages
dervish lodges, see convents/lodges
dervishes
celibacy of, 245n. 178
convents of, see convents/lodges
deportation of, 89
lodges of, see convents/lodges
migration of, 118-19
persecution of, 88-89, 277n. 73
practices of, 49n. 39, 52
see also Abdals of Rum; abdals of Rum;
colonizing dervishes; Haydari
dervishes; warrior-dervishes
descendants of the Prophet
(sadat), 147-^18
Despotate of Dobrudja, 94n. 1, 107n. 56
devshirme (child-levy), 35
DeWeese, Devin, 223
Dikilli Hiiseyin Baba, 215
Dimitrov, S., 107n. 55
discrimination, of non-Muslims, 32, 35-36
DobroVoda, 15In. 93
Dobrova, 150, 169
Dobrudja
Byzantine control of, 97n. 12
Despotate of, 94n. 1, 107n. 56
Gagauz in, 96-97
migration to, 96
Mircea’s re-conquest of, 99
population of, 205
see also specific convents ¡lodges
dogancis (falconers), 136, 137
Doglu Baba, 57
Doukas, 103
Doyran (son of Mehmed Dede), 144
Draginov, Metodi, Chronicle of, 35n. 87
dragons, 232-33
Drinov, M., 7
Dur Bali Dede, 140
Dursun Baba, 224, 241
Duymu§lar (later Arnavudlar), 151, 169
Eaton, Richard, 45n. 19, 67, 264n. 35
Ebu Eyyub el-Ansari, 198
Ebu ishak Han, 58
Ebus-Sü*ud Efendi, 256n. 5, 26In. 24,
277n. 76, 280, 281
ecstatic saints, 74
Ede Bali, 56-57, 58
Edhemis, 82n. 190
Edirne, ulema of, 84
Egypt, 20
ehl-i Islam (“the people of Islam”), 278
Eliade, Mircea, 258
ellicis (reservists)
in Eski Cuma (city), 198
in mezra‘as, 149
in Shumnu (city), 138, 182
in $iica Dede, 141
mention of, 137, 221
emlaktmulk lands (freehold properties),
11, 148
Eski Cuma (sub-province), 126
Eski Cuma (Targovishte) city
development model of, 165, 197-98, 202
emergence of
as city, 2, 200-01
as village, 197-200
growth of, 200
influx of colonists into, 198-99
market in, 197, 199, 201
mosques in, 197, 201
population of
Christian, 199, 200
Muslim, 198, 199, 200
occupations of, 199
yiiriiks in, 198
Eski Hezargrad, 169
Eugenius IV, Pope, 105
Evliya Qelebi, 79, 89, 180, 196, 206, 247,
257n.9
Evrenos Bey, 48, 65, 66, 67, 78, 149n. 86
Evrenosogullan, 47, 48
expansion
of Ottoman Empire
into Anatolia, 17, 22
into Balkans, 16-18, 19, 65-66, 98-99
and Constantinople, 18, 29
into Mamluk domains, 20
methods used in, 38
views on, 14-15
eyalets (governorate-general), use of term,
109n. 60
falconers (dogancis), 136, 137
Faroqhi, Suraiya, 42n. 3
fatzvas
on building mosques, 280
collections of, 12
on conversion, 256n. 5
on Kizilba§, 281
on right belief, 277
Fazilet-Name (Yemini), 211
312
Index
Fazlallah Astarabadi, 76
FetretDevri, 17, 70, 98-101
Filipovic, Nedim, lOOn. 25
Firdevsi-i Rumi, 67
First Bulgarian Kingdom, 94, 179, 189
Fleischer, Cornell, 29
Fletcher, Joseph, 4
forced deportations (siirgUri), see
deportations
The Foundation of the Ottoman Empire: A
History of the Osmanlis up to the
Death of Bayezid 1,1300-1403
(Gibbons), 42n. 2
freed slaves, 149
freehold properties (emlaklmulk lands),
11, 148
frontier lords (uc beylen)
and abdals of Rum, 55-56
autonomy of, 47-48
and colonization of Balkans, 59-60
status of, 48-49
waqfs of, 58
Fruzhin (Bulgarian Prince), 100
Gagauz, 96-97
Galata, Treaty of, 98-99
Gandev, Khristo, 133, 167
gaza (holy war), 56, 235, 237, 263
Gazavat-i Sultan Murad bin Sultan Mehmed
Han (“The Holy Wars of Sultan
Murad, Son of Sultan Mehmed
Khan”; Anon.), 180
gazi-dervi$ler (warrior-dervishes),
20, 45, 57
£ 2s7-saints, 235-38
Genf Baba, 146, 153, 241
Gene Beg, 224, 241
George, Saint, 232
George Brankovic, 105
Georgieva,Tsvetana, 107n. 55
Gerlovo
administrative districts of, 125-26
Christian communities in
decrease in, 128
derbend villages, 154-57
distribution of, 128, 133
increase in, 129
number of, 133
Christians in, 259
deportations to, 115, 118-19, 283
dervish convents in, 219-20
see also convents/lodges
descendants of the Prophet in, 147-48
geography of, 5-7
Islam in
converts to
among residents of convents, 265
changing of names by, 256n. 6
in rural areas, 259-60
heterodox, 118
heterodox groups, see heterodox
groups
Islamic culture in, 205-06
Islamization of space in, 116,
265, 284-85
mezra as in, 110, 126
migration to
importance in repopulation, 124
of Turcomans, 115, 117-19, 282-83
mixed communities in, see mixed
villages/communities
Muslim communities in, see Muslim
villages/communities
in Otman Baba’s peregrinations,
73,118
Ottoman control of, 1, 116, 285-86
population of, see population
progeny of Timur Khan in,
145-46, 147
as refuge for dissidents, 283
settlement distribution in, see settlement
distribution
taxpayers in, 136, 137-38
urban development in, 2, 165, 201-02
see also specific cities
waqf mezra fus in, 149
waqfvillages in, 152, 153
yuriiks in, 126, 137-38
see also Nigbolu province
Geyiklu Baba, 57, 58
Gibbons, H.A., 42n. 2
gog (migrations), see migrations
Gogbegi, 211, 221, 223
Gokbilgin, M.Tayyib, 38, 149n. 86
Gramatikova, Nevena, 8-9, 218n. 42,
221n. 50, 228n. 92
Greece, 31
see also Macedonia
Greenwood, Anthony, 117
guesthouses (khans), 162, 171
Gul Baba, 224, 235, 236n. 138
Giindogdu, Ra§it, 168n. 49
giirecis (colt-breeders), 136, 137, 138
Haci Ali Dede, 210-11, 213, 221
Haci b., 208
Haci Bekta§ Veli
convent of, 69
in vita of
Demir Baba, 247-48
Kizil Deli, 63, 65, 67
Otman Baba, 247-^8
vita of, 54n. 63, 6In. 88, 264
mention of, 23
Index
313
Haci ilbegi, 65n. 105
Haci Salih, 132
Hacim Sultan, 61n. 88
Hadun Ali Pasha, 23
Hafiz Baba, 215
Hafïzoglu Mehmed Dede, 140, 219,
220n. 46, 222
hagiographie traditions
Anatolian-Balkan, 232
of Bektashis, 61n. 88
Islamic, 227
of Kaîenderi/Abdaï
models for, 226
motifs in, 231, 232
Ottoman, 67, 263-64
hagiographies, see vitae.
Halil b. îsmail, 102n. 31
al-Hallaj, Mansur, 75, 76, 84
hammams (bathhouses), 171, 176,
177, 187
Handzié, Adem, 164
karamiier (pirates), 155
Hasan Abidin, 219n. 46
Hasan b. Ali, 76
Hasan Dede, 220n. 46
Hasanlar, 151, 169
Hasluck, F.W., 263
hatm-i velayet (seal of sainthood), 228
Haydar, Sheykh, 21
Haydari dervishes, 52, 88
haymanes (people without permanent
residence), 149, 154
heterodox groups
assimilation of, 81, 142, 246-47, 248,
285, 286
Kizilbaç as dominant, 249-50, 283
see also specific groups
Hezargrad (Razgrad) city
ancient settlement at, 165-66
development model of, 165,
197,201
medieval settlement at, 166
Ottoman
converts to Islam in, 267-71
early development of, 2, 171-72
founding of
near pre-existing Christian
settlement, 169
reasons for, 170-71, 251,
253-54
and zuacif of Ibrahim Pasha,
168-69, 204
mahalles in, 173
market in
regulations for, 177-78
taxation on, 176
mosques in, 171-72,172f5.1, 206
population of
growth of, 172
Muslim, 172-74
occupations of, 175-77
origins of, 268
in sixteenth century, 173
rise of, 10
scholarly debate on, 166-68
schools in, 171
strategic importance of, 178
mention of, 150
Hezargrad (sub-province)
descendants of the Prophet in, 147
emergence of, 126, 129
Muslim communities in
founding of, around dervish
convents, 144
with registered dervishes, 140
subdivision of, 129
zvaqf villages in, 153
Hezargrad-i Cedid (New Hezargrad), 150,
166, 167, 168
hidden men, Sufi theory of, 74
Hijaz, 20
historians
Bulgarian, 32, 35
Macedonian, 33
Turkish, 32
Historical Notebook, 35n. 87
history, integrative, unifying features
in, 4
Hizir Pasha, 178
Hodgson, Marshall, 159
Holy Family
descent from, 148, 208
reverence of, 75-76, 245, 246
holy war (gaza)3 56, 235, 237, 263
Hotal Derbendi, 224
Hrazgrad, 166
see also Hezargrad (city)
“Hrazgrad-Hezargrad-Razgrad.
The Vicissitudes of a
Turkish Town in Bulgaria”
(Kiel), lOn. 22
Hungary, 20, 105
Hurufism, 76-77, 246
Husayn Akhlati, 102
Huseyin b. Ali, 76
Huseyin Baba, 225, 234, 243
Huseyin Dede, 146
Hiisrev Bey, Gazi, 163
hypocrisy, concept of, 82n. 189
Ibn Arabi, 74, 227
Ibn Battuta, 97
!bn-i Kemal, 277n. 75
Ibrahim, Sheykh, 20
314
Index
Ibrahim Pasha
waqf of, 2, 150-51, 153, 204
mention of, 171, 173, 178, 206,
251, 252
al-Idrisi, 166, 179
Idris-i Bitlisi, 179
imam, use of term, 246n. 182
imarets (soup kitchens)
in Hezargrad (city), 177
in Skopje, 186
and waqfs, 152, 162, 177, 238
Imber, Colin, 104n. 44
inalcik, Halil, 14, 46
inbeyleri, 238
infertility, 231-32
Ioachim I, patriarch of Turnovo, 190
Iran, Safavid Empire in, see Safavid Empire
Iraq, 20
Isa Bey, 163
isa Fakih, 88
ishak, Baba, 53
Iskender Bey, 173
iskender Pasha, 88
îskenderbeyogluYahçi Bey, 91
Islam
in Balkans
distinctive regional version of,
38, 39-40
indigenization of, 207, 262-63, 284
conversion in
act of, 256-57
basic meaning of, 255-56
fatwas on, 256n. 5
requirements for, 256
conversion to
in Balkans
in general, 34
in Albania, 32
and colonizing dervishes, 263-65
in Deliorman and Gerlovo, 259-60
forced, 34-36, 257n. 9
in Rhodopes, 260
in rural areas, 259-63
in urban areas, 266
voluntary, 36-37
in hagiographie traditions, 263-64
historical dynamics of, 258n. 16
motives for
in general, 257
material, 257-58, 262
in urban areas, 266-67
and self-narratives, 257n. 10
social acceptance of, 258
converts to
among residents of convents, 265
changing of names by, 256n. 6
and deportee status, 122
and dhimmi origins, 271, 272
in Eski Cuma (city), 199
in Hezagrad (city), 267-71
Ottoman recognition of, 257n. 7
and petitions for new clothes, 257n. 10
in Shumnu (city), 271-74
heterodox, and naming of sons, 22 In. 51
heterodox groups in, see heterodox
groups
mysticism in
New Renunciation, 51-52
popular, 50
non-uniformity of, 39-40
and Oghuz Turcomans, 50-51
social acceptance of, 258
see also Muslims; Shi’a Islam;
Sunni Islam
Islamic, use of term, 158n. 1, 159
Islamic cities, 158, 159
Islamic culture, 205-06
Islamic mysticism {tasazvzvuf), 50
Islamicate, use of term, 159
Islamization
in general
of Albania, 39
of Bosnia, 33, 38
of space
in Deliorman and Gerlovo,
116, 284-85
role of colonizing dervishes in, 265
see also conversion, to Islam
Ismail I, Shah, 19, 21
ispençe (tax on non-Muslims), 153, 266
Istanbul, Otman Baba’s stay in, 73, 81,
84-85, 86
îsvalenik, 155
itinerancy, see practices
Izlatar (inezra a), 149n. 87, 152
Izz al-Din Kaykawus II, 96
Jamal al-Din Savi, 52
Janissary corps
and Bektashis, 83, 247
establishment of, 28, 60
recruitment for, 64
strengthening of, 18, 60
Jehan deWavrin, 106
John Hunyadi, 105
John II Asen,Tsar of Bulgaria, 190
John VI Cantacuzene, Byzantine
Emperor, 15-16
Journeys, see peregrinations
judgeships (kazas), see kazas
Junayd, Sheykh, 20-21, 118n. 8
Justinian I, Byzantine Emperor, 189
Index
315
Kademli Baba
death of, 213
mausoleum of, 213, 214f. 6.1
and Ottoman Empire, 216
in vita of Demir Baba, 207, 210, 211,
212, 213
mention of, 77
kadi‘asker (military judge), 28
Kafadar, Cemal, 15, 28
Kalender Shah, 23, 136, 170, 251
Kalenderi, hagiographic traditions of, 226,
231, 232
Kanitz, Felix, 206
kapikulu “slave” military units, 19
Kara Ahadlar (Vrani Kon), 220n. 46
Karaca Pehlivan, 230, 236
Karamalkog, 212
Karamustafa, Ahmet, 80, 219
Karesi, Emirate of, 15
kasaba (small-to-mid-sized town), 187
Katip Celebi, 195, 196
Kayacik (later Kayacik Pinan), 150, 167,
168, 176
Kaygusuz Abdal, 55n. 63, 6In. 88
kazas (judgeships)
Eski Cuma (city) as center of, 201
Hezargrad (city) as center of, 170,
172, 173
Shumnu (city) as center of, 181
use of term, 109n. 60, 126n. 33
Kececi-Zade izzet Molla, 69
Kera Tamara, 189n. 123
khans, (guesthouses), 162, 171
Kiel, Machiel, 9-10, 97, 117, 149n. 86, 157,
162, 164, 167, 170, 250, 253, 268
Kiz Ana, 211, 213, 215
Kizil Deli (Seyyid Ali Sultan)
in general, 55n. 63, 59, 92-93
becoming Bektashi saint, 69-70
convent of, 59, 69-71, 144, 229, 243
and Haci ilbegi, 65n. 105
vita of
in general, 62—71
blurring of spiritual and worldly
boundaries in, 66-67
conquest campaigns in, 63-65, 237
conquest of Balkans in, 65-66
conversion stories in, 264
dating of, 6 In. 89
differences between vita of Otman
Baba and, 71-72
Evrenos Bey in, 65, 66, 67, 78
Haci Bekta^Veli in, 63, 65, 67
Muhammad in, 63, 64
objective of, 62—63
Orhan I in, 63, 64
period covered by, 62
Rüstern Gazi in, 63, 64, 66, 237
Saruca Pasha in, 64
Süleyman I in, 64, 65
use of titulature in, 67
waqfs, of, 87
mention of, 23, 119
Kizilba§
deportation of, 44, 119
as dominant heterodox group,
249-50, 283
fatwas, on, 281
origin of communities of, 119
persecution of, 277
as political designation, 249
see also Alevi-Bektashi
Koca Bali Pasha, 15 In. 96
Kolsto, Pal, 31
Köprülü, M.F., 14, 42, 5 In. 43
Kovancilar, 222
Kowalski, T., 8n. 18
Krapich (sub-province), 109
Krsti£,Tijana, 276
Krugova, 129
Küoük Abdal, 71, 87, 216
Kulfallar, 132
Kumral Baba, 57, 58
kutb status, see “pole of poles”
Kutb-Name (Firdevsi-i Rumi), 67
kutbü’l-aktab (“pole of poles”), see “pole
of poles”
land-tax {gift resmi), 267
Lapidus, Ira, 24
law-codes
for Nigbolu province, 123
for Silistre province, 7, 121, 123
Lebanon, 287
licit saints, 74
Lieberman, Victor, 4
Lindner, Rudi Paul, 15, 44
Lishev, Strashimir, 166
Lodges, see convents/lodges
Lowry, Heath, 15, 47, 175n. 72
Macedonia, 33, 48
madhhaby use of term, 278n. 79
mahalles (neighborhoods)
in Hezargrad (city), 173
in Krugova, 130
in Shumnu (city), 138, 182-84
mahdihood, claims to, 21, 23, 53, 75, 228
Mahmud, Sheykh, 57
Mahmud Celebi, gi_82
Mahmud Pasha, 85, 171
Malamatiyya movement, 51
316
Index
marcher lords, see frontier lords
marginalization
of Abdals of Rum, 281
of colonizing dervishes, 3-4, 71
of Turcomans, 3-4, 71
Margos, Ara, 167
markets
at Chernovi (city), 191
as criteria for town status, 162
at Eski Cuma (city), 197, 199, 201
at Hezargrad (city), 176, 177-78
regulations for, 177-78
at Shumnu (city), 177-78
taxation on, 176, 188
Marko Pehlivan, 224, 230, 236-37, 264
martyrs, Christian, 35
mausoleums
of Akyazili Baba, 215f. 6.2
of Demir Baba, 225, 225f. 6.3
of Gül Baba, 236n. 138
heptagonal structure of, 77
of Kademli Baba, 213, 214f. 6.1
of Otman Baba, 77, 89, 90f. 2.1
meat production, 117
medrese educational system, 18, 60
Mehmed bin el-Fenari, 168
Mehmed bin Mevlana Kara Üveys, 168
Mehmed Dede, 144
Mehmed I, 17-18,43, 98, 99-101
Mehmed II
bureaucratic reforms of, 18-19, 60
confiscation of waqf properties by, 60-61
mature reign of, 18, 29
and Otman Baba, 74, 84-86,
216, 239-40
transfers of sipahis by, 44
mention of, 191, 277
Mehmed III, 178
Mélikoff, Irène, 76
memalik-i Islam (“the domains of
Islam”), 278
memory, communal, 223
Menakib ( Vita; Halil b. Ismail ), 102n. 31
Mendicancy, see practices
messianism, 75
Mestan Demürciler (village), 147
Mevlana Kara Rüstern, 67
Mevlana Lütfi, 88n. 213
Mevlana Ramazan, 170
Mevlana Sinan Çelebi, 187
mezra ‘as (agricultural sites)
in Deliorman and Gerlovo, 110, 126
of Kizil Deli followers, 144^5
in Nigbolu province, 110
in Shumnu (sub-province), 138, 144-T5
transformation into villages, 128,132,136
and waqfs, 149
and yiiriiks, 110-12, 137-38, 149n. 87
mention of, 70,112, 126
Michael VIII Palaiologos, 96
migrations (gog)
to Anatolia
of colonizing dervishes, 50
of Oghuz, 50
to Balkans
from Anatolia, 95-96
of colonizing dervishes, 1
to Deliorman and Gerlovo
importance in repopulation, 124
of Turcomans, 115, 117-19,
282-83
of Oghuz, 50
from Thrace, 1-2
ofTurcomans, 1-2, 71, 95-96
within Balkans
in general, 122
of dervishes, 118-19
of yuriiks, 118
see also deportations
Mihaloglu Ali Bey, 6In. 88, 78-79,
149n. 86
Mihalogullan, 47,48, 6In. 88
Mihrimah Sultan, 153, 156
military judge (kadi asker), 28
military personnel, 10, 191, 193
military units, kaptkulu “slave,” 19
millenarianism, 75
Mircea I the Elder, 94, 99
lands, 10-11, 148
missionary activities, 56, 263
mixed villages/communities
in Balkans
in Deliorman and Gerlovo
distribution of, 133
increase in, 128, 129, 260
Muslim communities in, 260-61
subdivision of, 130
Moldavia, 19
Molla Gurani, 84
Molla Kinmi, 84
Momino, 219n. 46
monasteries, 190
Mongols, 50, 98
mosques
as criteria for town status, 162
in Eski Cuma (city), 197, 201
in Hezargrad (city), 171-72,172f5.1, 206
in Shumnu (city), 182
mountain-pass guards (derbendcis), see
derbendcis
Index
317
mountain-pass (derbend) villages, see
derbend (mountain pass) villages
Muhammad, Prophet
and cycle of prophesy, 73
descendants of, 147-48
in vita of Kizil Deli, 63, 64
see also Holy Family
Muhammad Shaybani Khan, 21
Muhyiddin Abdal, 211
Mumcular (Sveshtari), 224n. 70
Mumin Baba, 211
Mumin Dervi§, 81
Murad I
bureaucratic reforms of, 60
zvaqf of, 58, 198
mention of, 189n. 123
Murad II
abdication of, 105
bureaucratic reforms of, 60
defeat of crusaders by, 106
and Peace of Adrianople, 105
reign of, 18
transfers of sipahis by, 44
mention of, 96
Musa (prince), 70, 100-01
Musa Baba, 215
Muscovy, 233
Muslim villages/communities
in Balkans
in Deliorman and Gerlovo
Bektashis in, 250
distribution of, 126
formation of, 282-83
founding of, around dervish
convents, 141-44
founding of, near pre-existing
Christian settlements, 169-70
heterodox, 112
increase in, 127-28, 129, 284
origins of, 104, 113-14, 119, 283
with registered dervishes, 140
subdivision of villages in, 129-30
taking root in Christian
communities, 261-62
Turkish linguistic identity of, 284
yurucks in, 110
formation of
assessment of theories of, 38-40
and colonization, 37-38
colonizing dervishes’ role in, 37,
44-45, 139, 140
and conversion to Islam, 34-37
in Deliorman and Gerlovo, 282-83
Ottoman source material on, 38
regional differentation in, 38-39
through resettlement, 44
historical research into
indigenous, 33
Western European and North
American, 33-34
historiography of, in general, 30-31
see also Muslims
Muslims
in Eski Cuma (city), 198, 199, 200
in Hezargrad (city), 172-74
in Shumnu (city), 181-82, 184
see also Islam.; Muslim tallages/communities
Mustafa Baba, 214
Mustafa Halife, 143
Myssionis, 179
mysticism, Islamic
of colonizing dervishes, 50, 52-53
New Renunciation, 51-52
popular, 50
nahiyes (districts, sub-provinces), use of
term, 109n. 60, 126n. 33
Nak§ibendis, 212
Naldoken (yürük group), 212
Nedkov, Boris, 166
nefs (Ar. nafs) use of term,
112n.64,161-62
neighborhoods (mahalles), see mahalles
neo-martyrs, Christian, 35
Neortodoksalniiat Isliam v bálgarskite
zemi. Mínalo i sávremennost
(Gramatikova), 9n. 20
Nesimi, Imad al-Din, 76, 85
Ne§ri, Mevlana Mehmed, 104, 118, 167,
168,179
New Hezargrad (Hezargrad-i Cedid), 150,
166, 167, 168
see also Hezargrad
New Renunciation mysticism, 51-52, 93
Nigbolu (province)
central zone of, 109n. 60
Christians in, 112
dervish convents in, 219-20
districts/sub-provinces of, 109
eastern zone of
districts in, 109
mezracas in, 110
settlement distribution in
in general, 126
number of households, 109-10
by religious affiliation,
110-13, 126-27
by type, 110-13
villages in, 110
yürüks in, 110-12, 113, 126-27
318
Index
Nigbolu (province) (com.)
invasion of, 94, 106, 192
law-codes for, 123
lowlands of, 133-34
tax registers from, 107-09
western zone of, 109n. 60
non-Muslims
discrimination of, 32, 35-36
in tax registers, 10
and waqfs, 37, 162n. 22
see also Christian village/communities;
Christians
northeastern Balkans
in general, 94
anti-Ottoman rebellions in, 94
and Crusade of Varna, 104-06
incursions into
in general, 94
by Pontic Turcomans, 95, 113, 167
by Vlad IIITepeç, 106
migration to, 119
Muslim communities in
origins of
and followers of Bedreddin, 8,113-14
and Ottoman-Safavid conflict, 114
oral traditions of, 119
Ottoman rule in, 94-95
population of, 115
power struggles in, 99-101
see also Balkans
Novasel, 152
Ocak, Ahmet Yaçar, 54, 88, 97, 102n. 33,
104n. 44, 113,242n. 159
occupations
in Eski Cuma (city), 199
in Hezargrad (city), 175-77
in Salonica, 175
in Shumnu (city), 181, 188
in Skopje, 175
in tax registers, 174-75
Oghuz Turcomans, 50-51
Orhan I, 28, 58, 63, 64
Orhonlu, Cengiz, 138
Orientalism, 158
Orthodox Church, 105
Oruç Beg Tarihi (Oruç Bey), 88
Oruç Bey, 88n. 213
Oruçhan b. Umur, 181
Osman b. Hiiseyin, 198
Osman b.Tay Hizir, 221
Osman I, 56-57, 58
Osman Pazan, 127n. 36
see also Ala Kilise (sub-province)
Otman Baba
in general, 93
convent of
registration of, 89-92
waqf status of, 91, 92
mention of, 214
death of, 211
followers/disciples of, 88, 91-92
influences on
of cult of seven, 76-77
of Hurufism, 76
mausoleum complex of, 77, 89,90f. 2.1
as “pole of poles,” 74, 75
vita of, 71-92
Abdals of Rum in, 72, 73
Abdals of Rum in Anatolia in, 79-80
antinomian practices in, 245
change of direction in, 86-87
conversion stories in, absence of, 264
dating of, 6In. 89
differences between vita of Kizil Deli
and, 71-72
followers in, 73
Haci Bekta§ Veli in, 247-48
historical context of, 248
Holy Family in, 75-76
identified as Abdal of Rum in, 72
incarnationist claims in, 75, 82, 83-
84, 86, 98, 228
and institutionalized Sufism, 80-81
messianism in, 75
Mihaloglu Ali Bey in, 78-79
millenarianism in, 75
mission amongyMs in, 77-78
peregrinations in, 72-73, 118, 229
period covered by, 62
relationships in
with Bayezid Baba, 81
with Bektashis, 83, 248
with Mahmud Celebi, 81-82
with Mehmed II, 74, 84-86,
216, 239-40
with Mumin Dervi§, 81
with ulema, 84-85
stay in Istanbul in, 73, 81, 84—85, 86
theory of sainthood in, 73-74
as wandering mystic in, 218
mention of, 9, 55, 148, 206
see also Abdals of Rum
Ottoman chronicles, 47
Ottoman conquest, see expansion
Ottoman Empire
administrative language used in
and confessional vocabulary, 278
for districts, 109n. 60
for saints, 217
and boundaries of conquered polities,
107n.56
Index
319
bureaucratic reforms of, see reforms,
bureaucratic
centralization of authority in, 285
cities in, see cities
civil war in, 17, 70, 98-101
and confessionalization, see
confessionalization
control of, Deliorman and Gerlovo, 1,
116, 285-86
deportations in, see deportations
and derbend villages, 154, 157
emergence of, 15—16
expansion of, see expansion
imperial vision of, 160-61, 171,
252-53, 277
internal consolidation of, 19-20, 29, 136
miri lands in, 2-3, 10-11, 148
origins of, 47
relationships with
Abdals of Rum, 216-17, 238^0, 279
Akyazili Baba, 216
Demir Baba, 216, 238-40, 248
Kademli Baba, 216
role in society of, 42
role of
sultan in, 252, 253
unigeniture in, 98
rule of
in Balkans, 30-32
Bulgaria, 31, 33n. 81
in northeastern Balkans, 94-95
in Serbia, 31
rulers of
titles of, 29
waqf of, 57-59
see also specific rulers
Sunni culture of, 170
Sunni Islam in, 119, 170, 277-78
and Tamerlane, 17, 98
taxation in, see taxation
taxpayers in, see taxpayers
titulature use in, 217
transition from Ottoman frontier
principality to
in general, 27-28, 60-61
turning point in, 29
views on
of Fleischer, Cornell, 29
of Kafadar, Cemal, 28
of $ahin, Kaya, 29
ofTerzioglu, Derin, 29
ofTezcan, Baki, 27
urban development of, see urban
development
see also Ottoman-Habsburg wars;
Ottoman-Safavid conflict
Ottoman interregnum, 17, 70, 98-101
Ottoman-Habsburg wars, 209, 235
Ottoman-Safavid conflict, 19, 21-24, 114,
118, 119, 130, 170, 204, 280, 283
Palestine, 20
patronymics, 256n. 6
Peace of Adrianople, 105
Peçevi, 178
Pechenegs, 95, 113, 167
pehlivam (wrestlers), 230
peregrinations
of Akyazili Baba, 214-15
of Bedreddin, Sheykh, 102
of Demir Baba, 209, 213-15,
224,228-30
of Otman Baba, 72-73, 118, 229
perfect man (insan al-kamü), concept of, 227
persecutions
of Abdals of Rum, 241, 278-79
of dervishes, 88-89, 277n. 73
of Kizilba$, 277
of Safavid sympathisers, 2, 23, 136, 280
pious endowment charter (vakfiye) see
vakfiye
“Pious Endowments and Land Deeds
as a Means of Settlement and
Colonization in the Ottoman
Empire” (Barkan), 42
pious endowments (wag/s), see waqf§
pirates (haramiler), 155
“pole of poles” (kutbii’l-aktab)
Akyazili Baba as, 72, 89, 143, 209,
210, 211
decline in status of, 245
Demir Baba as, 62, 215, 223, 227-28
function of, 73
and hierarchy, 74
Otman Baba as, 74, 75
poll-tax {cizye) 257, 266
Pontic Turcomans, 95, 113, 167
Popruzhenko, M.G., 189n. 123
population
of Deliorman and Gerlovo
distribution of, by religion, 132-33
growth of, 134-36, 204, 205
pressure on, 129
and repopulation, 115, 124, 282
sparsity of, 95-96, 109, 117
stabilization of, 130-31
of Hezargrad (city)
in sixteenth century, 173
growth of, 172
Muslim, 172-74
occupations of, 175-77
origins of, 268
320
Index
Postinpuç Baba, 58
practices
of Abdais of Rum, 59, 218, 245
of Alevi-Bektashi, 8n. 19
of Demir Baba, 245
of dervishes, 49n. 39, 52
of Otman Baba, 245
proselytization, Christian concept of, 263
provincial law codes Csancak
kanunnameleri), 11
provincial tax surveys (1vilayet tahriri)^ 28
pure doctrine, 275
Qalandariyya, 52
Qutb al-Din Haydar, 52
Radushev, E., 262
Rahim Ogullari, 132
Rahova, 155
Rahoviçe, 155
Ramazan Hoca, 234
Raymond, André, 159
Razboyna, 261-62
Razgrad (province), 7
recaya (taxpayers), see taxpayers
rebellions, see revolts/rebellions
reforms, bureaucratic
in general, 60-61
of Bayezid II, 29, 87-88
of Mehmed II, 18-19, 60
of Murad I, 60
of Murad II, 60
of Süleyman I, 19-20, 29
Reinhard, Wolfgang, 275
revolts/rebellions
Babai, 53-54, 97
of Bedreddin, Sheykh
in general, 101 -04
and heterodoxy, 249
interpretations of, 104
as messianic movement, 104
and origin Muslim
communities, 113
originating in Deliorman, 2,
104, 118
support for, 103
mention of, 18, 94
ofBôrklüce Mustafa, 101, 102, 103,
118n. 8
of Celai, Sheykh, 23, 136, 170
ofCüneyd, 101
of Kalender Shah, 23, 136, 170, 251
of Shah Kulu, 23, 120, 170
ofTorlak Hu Kemal, 101, 102, 103,
118n. 8
Rhodes, 123
Rhodopes, 260, 261
“right belief,” 276, 277, 280
Roman Church, 105
Ruhi Çelebi, 168, 179
Rukn al-Din Kilic Arslan IV, 96
Rumeli (Rumili, Rumelia), 197-98
Rus (Ruschuk, Ruse) city, 165, 196
Ruse (province), 7
Rüstem Gazi, Seyyid
in general, 92-93
shrine of, 79-80
in vita of Kizil Deli, 63, 64, 66,
68, 237
Rüstem Pasha, 153
Saat Dede, 219n. 46
sabun-hane (soap factories), 187
sadat (descendants of the
Prophet), 147^18
Safavid Empire
and confessionalization, 276-77
emergence of, 19, 20-21
origins of, 20
and Sunni-Shi‘a polarization, 276
see also Ottoman-Safavid conflict
Safavid sympathisers, persecution of, 2,
23, 136, 280
Safavid-Ottoman conflict, see Ottoman-
Safavid conflict
Safaviyya, 68
Safi al-Din, Sheykh, 20
Çahin, Kaya, 29, 276
sainthood, theory of, 73-74
saints
cult of, 40, 51,97, 227
ecstatic, 74
hierarchy of, 227
licit, 74
missionary activities of, 263
titulature used for, 217
see also specific saints
Salonica (Selanik), 175
Samed Baba, 215
sancak kanunnameleri (provincial law
codes), 11
sancakHiva, use of term, 109n. 60
al-Saraj, 97
Sarajevo, 163
Saraybosna, 169
San Saltik
convent of, 241
conversions by, 264
in hagiographie accounts, 97-98
migration to Dobrudja, 96-97
migration to Dobrudja of, 96
SanTurgud, 130
Index
321
San Yusuf, 223, 241
Saru Gorez, Nureddin Hamza, 277n. 74
Saruca Pasha, 64
schools, 171
seal of sainthood (hatm-t velayet), 228
Second Bulgarian Kingdom, 94n. 1, 179,
189, 196
sedentarization
of Abdals of Rum, 86-87, 89, 93, 245
of colonizing dervishes, 2-3, 68,
92-93, 139—47
of Safaviyya, 68
ofTurcomans, 2—3
Selim I, 19-20, 22, 108n. 58, 120
Serbia, 18, 31
$erijs (descendants of the
Prophet), 147-48
settlement distribution
in Deliorman and Gerlovo
in general, 126
number of households, 109-10
by religious affiliation
in 1480s, 110-13, 126-27
in 1516, 127-28
in 1535, 128-29
in ca. 1550, 129-30
in 1572-3/1579, 130-31
by size, 132-34
sparsity of, 110
by type, 110-13
in Nigbolu province
eastern zone of
in general, 126
number of households, 109-10
by religious affiliation,
110-13, 126-27
by type, 110-13
of villages, 110
settlements, see Christian village/
communities; cities; mixed
villages/communities; Muslim
villages/communities; villages
Seyyid Ali Sultan, see Kizil Deli
Seyyid Gazi, 241
es-Seyyid Hasan, 239
seyyids
use of term, 63n. 95
see also descendants of the Prophet
Shah Kulu, 23, 120, 170
Shi *a Islam
and Abdals of Rum, 246
in Lebanon, 287
Ottoman toleration of, 279, 287
in Safavid Empire, 21
and Sunni-Shica polarization, 276
Shishman, John, Bulgarian Tsar, 179
shops
in Shumnu (city), 187
taxation on, 176, 177
Shumen (province), 7
Shumnu (Shumen) city
in general, 2
crusader destruction of, 180
development model of, 165,
197, 201
fortresses at site of, 178-79
market in, regulation for, 177—78
medieval settlement at, 179-80
Ottoman
development of, 187
mahalles in, 138, 182-84
population of
in general, 186
agricultural activities of, 188
Christian, 181, 182, 184, 272
converts to Islam, 271-74
growth of, 184
Muslim, 181-82, 184
occupations of, 181, 188
strategic importance of, 179
yürüks in, 138
see also Shumnu (sub-province)
Shumnu (sub-province)
in general, 109, 126
Christian communities in, 130
derbend villages in, 154
dervish convents in, 140, 146
descendants of the Prophet in, 147
mezracas in, 138, 144-45
Muslim communities in
distribution of, 126
increase in, 127-28
with registered dervishes, 140
subdivision of, 129
zvaqf mezra*as in, 149
zoaqf villages in, 152, 153
see also Shumnu (Shumen) city
Sigismund, King of Hungary, 99
Silistre (province)
deportations to, 119-20
law-codes for, 7, 121, 123
taxpayers in, 136n. 49
sipahi cavalry
establishment of, 28, 60
strengthening of, 19, 60
transfers of, 44
Sirneva, 151, 153
Skopje (Üsküb), 175, 186-87
slaves, 149
soap factories (sabun-hane ), 187
soup kitchens (imaret$) see imarets
(soup kitchens)
322
Index
sources
divisions of, 12
legal, 10-11, 12
narrative/Iiterary, 11
Spandounes,Theodore, 47, 88
Stanislavov, Filip, 195
state formation, analysis of, 24
statehood, Chinggisid notions of, 86
Stephen Lazarevic, 99
sub-provinces/districts
terms used for, 109n. 60
see also specific sub-provinces
Subrahmanyam, Sanjay, 4, 282
§iica Dede, 141
§ucauddin Veli (Sultan §iica), 55, 6In. 88,
72, 74, 79-80
Sufism, 80-81, 246
Suleyman £elebi, gg9 oo
Suleyman I
consolidating of reforms by, 19-20, 29
deportation of Turcomans to
Balkans by, 43
and Ottoman-Safavid conflict, 22
in vita ofDemir Baba, 210, 212,216, 218
in vita of Kizil Deli, 64, 65
waqfs, of, 237
mention of, 252
Suleyman Pasha, 85
sultan, role in Ottoman Empire, 252, 253
sultan^ use of title of, 66
Sultan Kulu Dede, 144
Sultan §iica (§ucauddin Veli), 55, 6In. 88,
72, 74, 79-80
Sultan §uca Abdallari, 72, 79-80
Sultanate of Rum, 15-16, 50, 53
Sunni Islam
in Ottoman Empire, 119, 170, 277-78
in Safavid Iran, 28In. 91
and Sunni-Shi a polarization, 276
siirgun (deportations), see deportations
Synodic of Tsar Borfl, 189n. 123
synoptic registers, 10-11
Syria, 20
Taban (Sandrovo), 259-60
Tamerlane/Timur, 17, 76, 98
tapu tahrir tax registers, see tax registers
Targovishte (city), 2, 201
see also Eski Cuma (city)
Targovishte (province), 7
tasawwuf (Islamic mysticism), 50
Ta§kunAbdal, 132
Tatars, 43
tax registers
in general, 10
and administrative subdivisions, 125
from Nigbolu province
content of, 108-09
description of, 107-08, 124-25
non-Muslims in, 10
occupations in, 174-75
religion in, 125n. 30
taxation
in general, 2-3
on bathhouses, 176, 177
on markets, 176
on shops, 176, 177
see also gift resmi; cizye; devshirme;
ispenge
taxpayers
registration of nomadic, 113, 122
regular, 10, 134, 136, 136n. 49
with special status
in general, 134
colonizing dervishes, 139
decrease in, 136
in Deliorman, 137-38
derbendch, 154, 156, 157
dervishes, 140-42
progeny of Timur Han, 145-46
in towns, 174
yiiriik s, 136
without any status, 138
Tay Hizir, 142, 211, 220-21
Telli Bektashi, 242n, 163
Terzioglu, Derin, 29, 276
Tevarih-i Al-i Selcuk (History of the House
of Seljuk;Yazicizade Ali), 96
Tezcan, Baki, 27
Thrace
dervish convents in, 58-59, 145
migration from, 1
yuriiks in, 43
timar grant, 198
timar institutions, 28
Times ofTrouble, see Ottoman
interregnum, Fetret Devri
Timur, see Tamerlane/Timur
Timur Han (Khan), Sheykh, 58, 119,
145-46, 147
Timurta$ Bey, 149n. 86
titulature, 66-67, 217
Todorov, Nikolai, 162, 164
Topuz, 239
Topuzlar (Topuzevo), 147, 239
Torlak Hu Kemal, 101, 102, 103, 118n. 8
town status, 161, 162, 202-03
towns, see cities
travels, see peregrinations
Treaty of Amasya, 23, 130
Index
323
Treaty of Gal at a, 98-99
Turahanogullan, 47
Turcomans
and colonizing dervishes, 1,71
deportations to
Balkans, 2, 43, 283
Deliorman and Gerlovo, 115,
118-19, 283
followers ofBedreddin, 102
marginalization of, 3—4, 71
migration to
Balkans, 1-2, 71, 95-96
Deliorman and Gerlovo,
115, 117-19
Dobrudja, 96
Deliorman and Gerlovo, 282-83
role in
colonization of Balkans, 59, 164,
283, 285
and formation of Muslim
communities, 32, 34, 37
Safavid sympathies of, 21-22
sedentarization of, 2-3, 71
see also Oghuz Turcomans; Pontic
Turcomans; yiiruks
Turkic Bulgars, 94
Turran Baba, 215
Turran Efendi, 232
Turran Halife, 210
Tursun Beg, 251
Twelve Imams, 246
uc beyleri (frontier lords), see frontier lords
ulema
consolidating position of, 19
and control of dervish convents, 143
fatzvas on right belief, 277
and Otman Baba, 84-85
rise of, 60
Umur Bey, 15
underpopulation, of Deliorman and
Gerlovo, 95-96, 109, 117
unigeniture, 98
urban development
in Ottoman Empire
in Balkans, in Deliorman and Gerlovo,
2, 165, 201-02
patterns in, 202
policies on, 160
role of state in, 203-04
and zvaqf i 162-63
Uskiidar mosque, 153, 156
Uveys Dervi§, 216
Uzes, 95, 113, 167
Uzun Hasan, 21
vakfiye (pious endowment charter)
of Ibrahim Pasha’s zvaqf
and founding of Hezargrad,
168-69, 171-72
opening section of, 251-53
practicalities in, 253
values, multiplier, 108n. 59
Varna Crusade, 94, 104-06, 165, 180,
190,192
Veli Bey (Velichka), 220n. 46
vilayet tahriri (provincial tax surveys), 28
vilayets (sub-provinces)
Chernovi as center of, 190
Shumnu as center of, 181
use of term, 109n. 60
villages
categories of sizes, 131
large-sized, 132, 133
medium-sized, 132
named after founder, 132-33
recognized as town, criteria for, 162
small-sized, 131-32, 133
very large-sized, 132, 133
very small-sized, 131-33
see also Christian village/communities;
derbend (mountain pass) villages;
mixed villages/communities;
Muslim villages/communities;
waqf villages
Virani Baba (Virani Abdal), 55n. 63, 225,
227n. 82, 234, 241-43
vitae (hagiographical accounts)
ofBedreddin, Sheykh, 102n. 31
of Demir Baba, see Demir Baba
of Haci Bekta$Veli, 54n. 63,
bln.88,264
historicity of, 62, 222-23
of Kaygusuz Abdal, 55n. 63
of Kizil Deli, see Kizil Deli
of Otman Baba, see Otman Baba
Vlad IIITepe$ (“the Impaler”; Dracula),
94, 106, 192
Volna {derbend village), 152
zvaqf mezra ‘as, 149
zvaqfvillages
in general, 149
in Chernovi (sub-province), 150-52
in Deliorman, 150-51, 152-53, 168
expansion of, 149
in Gerlovo, 152, 153
growth in, 150
in Hezargrad (sub-province), 153
in Shumnu (sub-province), 152, 153
and slave labor, 149
324
Index
waqf$ (pious endowments)
in general, 148
to colonizing dervishes, 57-59
and convents, 144, 150, 237, 238-39
derbend villages as part of, 153, 156
and land rights, 148^49
and mezra as, 149
and non-Muslims, 37, 162n. 22
of
Abdüsselam Bey, 152
Akyazili Baba, 216, 217n. 41
Bali Bey, 151-52, 153
Bayezid I, 58
Ebu Eyyub el-Asari, 198
frontier lords, 58
Ibrahim Pasha, 2, 150-51,
153, 168-69
Kizil Deli, 87
Murad I, 58, 198
Mustafa, Sheykh, 144
Orhan I, 58
Osman I, 58
Ottoman grandees, 148
Rüstern Pasha, 153
Süleyman I, 237
Üsküdar mosque, 153, 156
Üveys Dervi$, 216
Yahya Pasha, 186-87
and urban development, 162-63
worldly motives for, 148
waqfs properties
confiscation of, 60-61
included in registers, 11
warrior-dervishes {gazi-der vieler),
20, 45, 57
see also ^ozz-saints
water, miracles concerning, 231
watermills, 216-17, 238
Weber, Max, 158, 255
Wernher, Georg, 235n. 138
Winter, Stefan, 287
Wittek, Paul, 14, 96-97
Wladysfaw III Jagiello, 105
women, infertility in, 231
wrestlers (pehlivam), 230
yagcis (butter-makers), 136, 137
Yahya Pasha, 151, 186
Yakub Celebi, 181
Yazicizade Ali, 96
Yemini Efendi, Muhammad, 211, 213, 217
Yenice, 150, 166, 167, 168
Yeniceköy, 168, 170, 171-72
Yer Gögi (sub-province), 109
Yesevi, Ahmed, 50
Yolkulu Baba (Yol Kulu Dede), 119, 215,
219, 220n. 46
Yunus Abdal, 132
yürüks (Turcoman)
colonization by, 38
in Deliorman and Gerlovo,
126, 137-38
in Eski Cuma (city), 198
and mezra fas, 110-12, 137-38,
.149n. 87
migration of, 118
in Nigbolu province, 110-12,
113, 126-27
organization of, 137
and Otman Baba, 77-78
resettling of, 43
in Shumnu (city), 138
in §üca Dede, 141
ofTann Dagi, 143
tax privileges of, 136
in Thrace, 43
Yusuf Dede, 140
Zahide Bacu (Zahide Dürdane), 210, 224,
229, 237
zakat (alms-tax), 258
Zati Efendi, 211,213
Zaviye, see convents/lodges
Zaviye-i Seyyid Osman, 152
ze’amets
Chernovi city as, 190
of deportees, 120
Shumnu (city) as, 181
use of term, 109n. 60
mention of, 11
Zlatar, Behija, 164
Bayerische
Staatsbibliothek
München
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Antov, Nikolay |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1151338354 |
| author_facet | Antov, Nikolay |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Antov, Nikolay |
| author_variant | n a na |
| building | Verbundindex |
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| callnumber-first | D - World History |
| callnumber-label | DR39 |
| callnumber-raw | DR39 |
| callnumber-search | DR39 |
| callnumber-sort | DR 239 |
| callnumber-subject | DR - Balkan Peninsula |
| classification_rvk | NN 4200 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)993669230 (DE-599)BVBBV044412238 |
| dewey-full | 949.6/031 |
| dewey-hundreds | 900 - History & geography |
| dewey-ones | 949 - Other parts of Europe |
| dewey-raw | 949.6/031 |
| dewey-search | 949.6/031 |
| dewey-sort | 3949.6 231 |
| dewey-tens | 940 - History of Europe |
| discipline | Geschichte |
| era | Geschichte 1500-1600 Geschichte 1350-1600 gnd Geschichte 1300-1600 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1500-1600 Geschichte 1350-1600 Geschichte 1300-1600 |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Türkei Balkan Peninsula History To 1500 Balkan Peninsula History 16th century Turkey History 1453-1683 Ludogorie (Bulgaria) History To 1500 Ludogorie (Bulgaria) History 16th century Gerlovo Region (Bulgaria) History To 1500 Gerlovo Region (Bulgaria) History 16th century Gerlovo (DE-588)1151713805 gnd Balkan (DE-588)4069099-4 gnd Ludogorie (DE-588)4111409-7 gnd Osmanisches Reich (DE-588)4075720-1 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Türkei Balkan Peninsula History To 1500 Balkan Peninsula History 16th century Turkey History 1453-1683 Ludogorie (Bulgaria) History To 1500 Ludogorie (Bulgaria) History 16th century Gerlovo Region (Bulgaria) History To 1500 Gerlovo Region (Bulgaria) History 16th century Gerlovo Balkan Ludogorie Osmanisches Reich |
| id | DE-604.BV044412238 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T07:52:16Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781107182639 |
| language | English |
| lccn | 017011179 |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-029814005 |
| oclc_num | 993669230 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-29 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-12 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-188 |
| owner_facet | DE-29 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-12 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-188 |
| physical | xv, 324 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten |
| publishDate | 2017 |
| publishDateSearch | 2017 |
| publishDateSort | 2017 |
| publisher | Cambridge University Press |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Antov, Nikolay Verfasser (DE-588)1151338354 aut The Ottoman Wild West the Balkan frontier in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries Nikolay Antov New York Cambridge University Press 2017 xv, 324 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Includes bibliographical references and index Geschichte 1500-1600 Geschichte 1350-1600 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte 1300-1600 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte Muslims Balkan Peninsula History To 1500 Muslims Balkan Peninsula History 16th century Bevölkerungswachstum (DE-588)4129300-9 gnd rswk-swf Islamisierung (DE-588)4138592-5 gnd rswk-swf Türkei Balkan Peninsula History To 1500 Balkan Peninsula History 16th century Turkey History 1453-1683 Ludogorie (Bulgaria) History To 1500 Ludogorie (Bulgaria) History 16th century Gerlovo Region (Bulgaria) History To 1500 Gerlovo Region (Bulgaria) History 16th century Gerlovo (DE-588)1151713805 gnd rswk-swf Balkan (DE-588)4069099-4 gnd rswk-swf Ludogorie (DE-588)4111409-7 gnd rswk-swf Osmanisches Reich (DE-588)4075720-1 gnd rswk-swf Osmanisches Reich (DE-588)4075720-1 g Gerlovo (DE-588)1151713805 g Ludogorie (DE-588)4111409-7 g Bevölkerungswachstum (DE-588)4129300-9 s Islamisierung (DE-588)4138592-5 s Geschichte 1350-1600 z DE-604 Balkan (DE-588)4069099-4 g Geschichte 1300-1600 z 1\p DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, E-book 978-1-316-86308-4 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, PDF 978-1-316-86553-8 LoC Fremddatenuebernahme application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029814005&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029814005&sequence=000005&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029814005&sequence=000006&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Antov, Nikolay The Ottoman Wild West the Balkan frontier in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries Geschichte Muslims Balkan Peninsula History To 1500 Muslims Balkan Peninsula History 16th century Bevölkerungswachstum (DE-588)4129300-9 gnd Islamisierung (DE-588)4138592-5 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4129300-9 (DE-588)4138592-5 (DE-588)1151713805 (DE-588)4069099-4 (DE-588)4111409-7 (DE-588)4075720-1 |
| title | The Ottoman Wild West the Balkan frontier in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries |
| title_auth | The Ottoman Wild West the Balkan frontier in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries |
| title_exact_search | The Ottoman Wild West the Balkan frontier in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries |
| title_full | The Ottoman Wild West the Balkan frontier in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries Nikolay Antov |
| title_fullStr | The Ottoman Wild West the Balkan frontier in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries Nikolay Antov |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Ottoman Wild West the Balkan frontier in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries Nikolay Antov |
| title_short | The Ottoman Wild West |
| title_sort | the ottoman wild west the balkan frontier in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries |
| title_sub | the Balkan frontier in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries |
| topic | Geschichte Muslims Balkan Peninsula History To 1500 Muslims Balkan Peninsula History 16th century Bevölkerungswachstum (DE-588)4129300-9 gnd Islamisierung (DE-588)4138592-5 gnd |
| topic_facet | Geschichte Muslims Balkan Peninsula History To 1500 Muslims Balkan Peninsula History 16th century Bevölkerungswachstum Islamisierung Türkei Balkan Peninsula History To 1500 Balkan Peninsula History 16th century Turkey History 1453-1683 Ludogorie (Bulgaria) History To 1500 Ludogorie (Bulgaria) History 16th century Gerlovo Region (Bulgaria) History To 1500 Gerlovo Region (Bulgaria) History 16th century Gerlovo Balkan Ludogorie Osmanisches Reich |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029814005&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029814005&sequence=000005&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029814005&sequence=000006&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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