Speech and thought in Latin war narratives: words of warriors
Gespeichert in:
1. Verfasser: | |
---|---|
Format: | Buch |
Sprache: | English |
Veröffentlicht: |
Leiden ; Boston
Brill
[2017]
|
Schriftenreihe: | Amsterdam studies in classical philology
volume 24 |
Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
Beschreibung: | Literaturverzeichnis: Seite 387-401 |
Beschreibung: | VIII, 416 Seiten |
ISBN: | 9789004341623 |
Internformat
MARC
LEADER | 00000nam a2200000 cb4500 | ||
---|---|---|---|
001 | BV044409164 | ||
003 | DE-604 | ||
005 | 20181212 | ||
007 | t| | ||
008 | 170713s2017 xx |||| 00||| eng d | ||
020 | |a 9789004341623 |c hardback : 132.00 EUR |9 978-90-04-34162-3 | ||
035 | |a (gbd)1090090 | ||
035 | |a (OCoLC)1002238046 | ||
035 | |a (DE-599)BVBBV044409164 | ||
040 | |a DE-604 |b ger |e rda | ||
041 | 0 | |a eng | |
049 | |a DE-824 |a DE-12 |a DE-19 |a DE-188 |a DE-11 |a DE-29 |a DE-M100 | ||
084 | |a ALT |q DE-12 |2 fid | ||
084 | |a FT 92000 |0 (DE-625)34504: |2 rvk | ||
084 | |a FT 11800 |0 (DE-625)34367: |2 rvk | ||
084 | |a 18.45 |2 bkl | ||
084 | |a 17.93 |2 bkl | ||
100 | 1 | |a Adema, Suzanne Maria |d 1978- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)1050512405 |4 aut | |
245 | 1 | 0 | |a Speech and thought in Latin war narratives |b words of warriors |c by Suzanne M. Adema |
264 | 1 | |a Leiden ; Boston |b Brill |c [2017] | |
264 | 4 | |c © 2017 | |
300 | |a VIII, 416 Seiten | ||
336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
490 | 1 | |a Amsterdam studies in classical philology |v volume 24 | |
500 | |a Literaturverzeichnis: Seite 387-401 | ||
650 | 0 | 7 | |a Rede |0 (DE-588)4048882-2 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
650 | 0 | 7 | |a Krieg |g Motiv |0 (DE-588)4136410-7 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
650 | 0 | 7 | |a Latein |0 (DE-588)4114364-4 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
650 | 0 | 7 | |a Denken |0 (DE-588)4011450-8 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
650 | 0 | 7 | |a Literatur |0 (DE-588)4035964-5 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
689 | 0 | 0 | |a Latein |0 (DE-588)4114364-4 |D s |
689 | 0 | 1 | |a Literatur |0 (DE-588)4035964-5 |D s |
689 | 0 | 2 | |a Krieg |g Motiv |0 (DE-588)4136410-7 |D s |
689 | 0 | 3 | |a Rede |0 (DE-588)4048882-2 |D s |
689 | 0 | 4 | |a Denken |0 (DE-588)4011450-8 |D s |
689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
776 | 0 | 8 | |i Erscheint auch als |n Online-Ausgabe |z 978-90-04-34712-0 |
776 | 0 | 8 | |i Erscheint auch als |w (DE-604)BV044253316 |
830 | 0 | |a Amsterdam studies in classical philology |v volume 24 |w (DE-604)BV009563139 |9 24 | |
856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029811006&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
940 | 1 | |n gbd | |
940 | 1 | |q gbd_4_1708 | |
942 | 1 | 1 | |c 355.009 |e 22/bsb |g 37 |
942 | 1 | 1 | |c 870 |e 22/bsb |g 37 |
943 | 1 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-029811006 |
Datensatz im Suchindex
_version_ | 1822792486682099712 |
---|---|
adam_text |
Contents
Acknowledgements ix
1 Speech and Thought Representation in Latin War Narrative 1
1.1 Approaches to Forms and Functions of Speech and Thought
Representation 2
1.2 Approach and Outline of This Book 5
2 Linguistic Forms of Speech and Thought Representation in Latin
Narrative 8
2.1 Medium 11
2.2 Syntactic Embedding 14
2.2.1 Direct Discourse 14
2.2.2 Indirect Discourse 15
2.2.3 Mentioned Discourse 18
2.2.4 Free Indirect Discourse 22
2.2.5 Results 30
2.3 Linguistic Choices and Deictic Centres in Indirect and Other
Non-Direct Discourse 32
2.3.1 Finite Verb Forms 33
2.3.1.1 Person 33
2.3.1.2 Mood 36
2.3.1.3 Tense 39
2.3.2 Referential Expressions 49
2.3.2.1 Times and Places 50
2.3.2.2 Persons and Objects 52
2.3.3 Mimetic Elements 64
2.3.4 Discourse Organization 69
2.4 Conclusion: A Scale Model of Non-Direct Speech and Thought
Representation? 73
3 Narrative Techniques and Representations of Speech and
Thought 76
3.1 Pace 77
3.2 Order: Analepsis, Prolepsis and Seeds 82
3.3 Space 87
3.4 Characterization 91
3.5 Explanation of Actions 95
3.6 ‘What It's Like' for Characters (and Narratees) 98
3.7 Primary Narrative Presented by Secondary Narrators 103
3.8 Conclusion 106
CONTENTS
Caesar, Bellum Gallicum 1 and 7 108
4.1 Overview of Representations of Speech and Thought 109
4.2 Close Reading of Speech and Thought Representations in Bellum
Gallicum 1 112
4.2.1 Gaul and Orgetorbc, Caes. Gall. 1.7 -4.3 112
4.2.2 The Initial Phase of the War against the Helvetians7 Caes.
Gall. 7.5֊ 7 6 117
4.2.3 Dumnorbc, Caes. Gall. 7.1 7-20 130
4.2.4 Victory Over the Helvetians, Caes. Gall. 7.27 -29 136
4.2.5 The Initial Phase of the War against Ariovistus,
Caes. Gall. 7.30-47 141
4.2.6 Victory over Ariovistus, Caes. G all. 7.48-54 163
4.3 Close Reading of Speech and Thought Representations in Bellum
Gallicum 7 166
4.3.1 Collective Gallic Rebellion, Caes. Gall. 7.1-3 166
4.3.2 Rise of Vercingétorix, Caes. Gall. 7.4 2.1 170
4.3.3 The Battle of Bourges, Caes. Gall. 7.22-31 184
4.3.4 The Haeduans, Part 1, Caes. Gall. 7.32-35 191
4.3.5 Gergovia, Part 1, Caes. Gall. 7.35-36 198
4.3.6 The Haeduans, Part 2, Caes. Gall. 7.37-40 199
4.3.7 Gergovia, Part 2, Caes. Gall. 7.4 7 202
4.3.8 The Haeduans, Part 3, Caes. Gall. 7.42.1-43.3 203
4.3.9 The Battle of Gergovia/ Gergovia, Part 4, Caes. Gall.
7-43-4-53 204
4.3.10 The Haeduans, Part 4, Caes. Gall. 7.54. i -56.3 212
4.3.11 Labienus, Caes. Gall. 7.57-62 215
4.3.12 Prelude to the Battle of Alesia, Caes. Gall. 7.63-67 217
4.3.13 The Battle of Alesia, Caes. Gall. 7.68-90 222
4.4 Conclusion: Speech and Thought in Caesar's Bellum Gallicum 230
4.4.1 An Efficient and Strategic Narrator 231
4.4.2 Thoughts 231
4.4.3 Direct Speech 232
4.4.4 Non-Direct Representations of Speech and Thought 233
4.4.5 Alternation of Forms within an Episode 235
4.4.6 War as an Efficient and Manageable Procedure 236
4.4.7 War as Necessary 237
CONTENTS
VII
4.4.8 Caesar's Celeritas, Diplomatic Approach and Strategic
Insight 238
4.5 Appendices 239
4.5.1 Speech and Thought in the Episodes of Bellum Gallicum,
Book 7 and 7 239
4.5.2 Speaking and Thinking Characters 240
5 Vergil, Aeneid 11 and 12 242
5.1 Overview of Representations of Speech and Thought 246
5.2 Close Reading of Speech and Thought Representations in
Aeneid 11 248
5.2.1 The Corpses of Mezentius and Pallas, Verg.
Aen. 77.7-99 249
5.2.2 The Latin Embassy, Verg. Aen. 77.7 00- 7 38 255
5.2.3 Euander's Farewell to Pallas, Verg. Aen. 11.139- 7 8 7 260
5.2.4 Burials, Verg. Aen. 77.782.-224 262
5.2.5 The Latin War Council, Verg. Aen. 7 7.225-375 264
5.2.6 Tumus and Tumus'Speech in the Latin War Council, Verg. Aen.
n.376-446 277
5.2.7 Preparing for Battle, Verg. Aen. 7 7.447-497 282
5.2.8 Camilla Part One: Her Youth, Verg. Aen. 7 7.498-396 285
5.2.9 Camilla Part Two: Battles and Death, Verg. Aen.
n-597-895 291
5.2.1 o Aeneas and Tumus Return to the Battlefield, Verg.
Aen. 71.896-913 300
5.3 Close Reading of Speech and Thought Representations
in Aeneid 12 302
5.3.1 Tumus Wants a Duel, Verg. Aen. 7 2. i -80 302
5.3.2 Preparationsfor the Duel, Verg. Aen. 12.81-133 309
5.3.3 Juno andJutuma, Verg. Aen. 12.i34-160 312
5.3.4 Sacrifices and the Rutulian Change of Heart, Verg.
Aen. 12.i 61-236 314
5.3.5 Battle, Verg. Aen. 7 2.237-382 317
5.3.6 Aeneas Wounded, Verg. Aen. 7 2.383-440 323
5.3.7 Battle Continues, Verg. Aen. 7 2.441 -592 325
5.3.8 Amata’s Death, Verg. Aen. 12.393-611 334
5.3.9 Tumus Returns to Battle, Verg. Aen. 12.614-696 337
5.3.10 Duel, Part One, Verg. Aen. 12.697-790 345
5.3.11 Juno, Jupiter, Jutuma, Verg. Aen. 12.791-886 349
5.3.12 Duel, Part Two, Verg. Aen. 12.887-932 35$
VIII
CONTENTS
5.4 Conclusion: Speech and Thought in Vergil’s Aeneid 368
5.4.1 The Necessity of War: Rome 368
5.4.2 War as a Means to Obtain Glory: Camilla 369
5.4.3 The Horrors and Toils of Warfor its Participants 369
5.5 Appendices 371
5.5.1 Speech and Thought in the Episodes of Aeneid, Book 11
and 72 371
5.5.2 Speaking and Thinking Characters 373
6 Conclusion 374
6.1 Forms of Speech and Thought Representations in Latin War
Narratives 375
6.2 Free Indirect Discourse in Latin War Narratives 377
6.3 Functions of Speech and Thought Representation in Latin War
Narratives 379
6.4 War as Something You Can Plan in Caesar’s Bellum Gallicum 381
6.5 The Horrors of War as One of the Attitudes towards War in Vergil’s
Aeneid 382
6.6 Words of Warriors in Latin War Narratives 383
Bibliography 387
Index Locorum 40 2
Index Rerum 413 |
any_adam_object | 1 |
author | Adema, Suzanne Maria 1978- |
author_GND | (DE-588)1050512405 |
author_facet | Adema, Suzanne Maria 1978- |
author_role | aut |
author_sort | Adema, Suzanne Maria 1978- |
author_variant | s m a sm sma |
building | Verbundindex |
bvnumber | BV044409164 |
classification_rvk | FT 92000 FT 11800 |
ctrlnum | (gbd)1090090 (OCoLC)1002238046 (DE-599)BVBBV044409164 |
discipline | Philologie / Byzantinistik / Neulatein |
format | Book |
fullrecord | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>00000nam a2200000 cb4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">BV044409164</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-604</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20181212</controlfield><controlfield tag="007">t|</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">170713s2017 xx |||| 00||| eng d</controlfield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">9789004341623</subfield><subfield code="c">hardback : 132.00 EUR</subfield><subfield code="9">978-90-04-34162-3</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(gbd)1090090</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)1002238046</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)BVBBV044409164</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-604</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="e">rda</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="049" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-824</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-12</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-19</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-188</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-11</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-29</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-M100</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">ALT</subfield><subfield code="q">DE-12</subfield><subfield code="2">fid</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">FT 92000</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-625)34504:</subfield><subfield code="2">rvk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">FT 11800</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-625)34367:</subfield><subfield code="2">rvk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">18.45</subfield><subfield code="2">bkl</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">17.93</subfield><subfield code="2">bkl</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Adema, Suzanne Maria</subfield><subfield code="d">1978-</subfield><subfield code="e">Verfasser</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)1050512405</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Speech and thought in Latin war narratives</subfield><subfield code="b">words of warriors</subfield><subfield code="c">by Suzanne M. Adema</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Leiden ; Boston</subfield><subfield code="b">Brill</subfield><subfield code="c">[2017]</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="c">© 2017</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">VIII, 416 Seiten</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">n</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">nc</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="490" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Amsterdam studies in classical philology</subfield><subfield code="v">volume 24</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="500" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Literaturverzeichnis: Seite 387-401</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Rede</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4048882-2</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Krieg</subfield><subfield code="g">Motiv</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4136410-7</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Latein</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4114364-4</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Denken</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4011450-8</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Literatur</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4035964-5</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Latein</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4114364-4</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Literatur</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4035964-5</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="2"><subfield code="a">Krieg</subfield><subfield code="g">Motiv</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4136410-7</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="3"><subfield code="a">Rede</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4048882-2</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Denken</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4011450-8</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="776" ind1="0" ind2="8"><subfield code="i">Erscheint auch als</subfield><subfield code="n">Online-Ausgabe</subfield><subfield code="z">978-90-04-34712-0</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="776" ind1="0" ind2="8"><subfield code="i">Erscheint auch als</subfield><subfield code="w">(DE-604)BV044253316</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="830" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Amsterdam studies in classical philology</subfield><subfield code="v">volume 24</subfield><subfield code="w">(DE-604)BV009563139</subfield><subfield code="9">24</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029811006&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Inhaltsverzeichnis</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="940" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="n">gbd</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="940" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="q">gbd_4_1708</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="942" ind1="1" ind2="1"><subfield code="c">355.009</subfield><subfield code="e">22/bsb</subfield><subfield code="g">37</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="942" ind1="1" ind2="1"><subfield code="c">870</subfield><subfield code="e">22/bsb</subfield><subfield code="g">37</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="943" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-029811006</subfield></datafield></record></collection> |
id | DE-604.BV044409164 |
illustrated | Not Illustrated |
indexdate | 2025-01-31T19:06:18Z |
institution | BVB |
isbn | 9789004341623 |
language | English |
oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-029811006 |
oclc_num | 1002238046 |
open_access_boolean | |
owner | DE-824 DE-12 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-188 DE-11 DE-29 DE-M100 |
owner_facet | DE-824 DE-12 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-188 DE-11 DE-29 DE-M100 |
physical | VIII, 416 Seiten |
psigel | gbd_4_1708 |
publishDate | 2017 |
publishDateSearch | 2017 |
publishDateSort | 2017 |
publisher | Brill |
record_format | marc |
series | Amsterdam studies in classical philology |
series2 | Amsterdam studies in classical philology |
spelling | Adema, Suzanne Maria 1978- Verfasser (DE-588)1050512405 aut Speech and thought in Latin war narratives words of warriors by Suzanne M. Adema Leiden ; Boston Brill [2017] © 2017 VIII, 416 Seiten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Amsterdam studies in classical philology volume 24 Literaturverzeichnis: Seite 387-401 Rede (DE-588)4048882-2 gnd rswk-swf Krieg Motiv (DE-588)4136410-7 gnd rswk-swf Latein (DE-588)4114364-4 gnd rswk-swf Denken (DE-588)4011450-8 gnd rswk-swf Literatur (DE-588)4035964-5 gnd rswk-swf Latein (DE-588)4114364-4 s Literatur (DE-588)4035964-5 s Krieg Motiv (DE-588)4136410-7 s Rede (DE-588)4048882-2 s Denken (DE-588)4011450-8 s DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-90-04-34712-0 Erscheint auch als (DE-604)BV044253316 Amsterdam studies in classical philology volume 24 (DE-604)BV009563139 24 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029811006&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
spellingShingle | Adema, Suzanne Maria 1978- Speech and thought in Latin war narratives words of warriors Amsterdam studies in classical philology Rede (DE-588)4048882-2 gnd Krieg Motiv (DE-588)4136410-7 gnd Latein (DE-588)4114364-4 gnd Denken (DE-588)4011450-8 gnd Literatur (DE-588)4035964-5 gnd |
subject_GND | (DE-588)4048882-2 (DE-588)4136410-7 (DE-588)4114364-4 (DE-588)4011450-8 (DE-588)4035964-5 |
title | Speech and thought in Latin war narratives words of warriors |
title_auth | Speech and thought in Latin war narratives words of warriors |
title_exact_search | Speech and thought in Latin war narratives words of warriors |
title_full | Speech and thought in Latin war narratives words of warriors by Suzanne M. Adema |
title_fullStr | Speech and thought in Latin war narratives words of warriors by Suzanne M. Adema |
title_full_unstemmed | Speech and thought in Latin war narratives words of warriors by Suzanne M. Adema |
title_short | Speech and thought in Latin war narratives |
title_sort | speech and thought in latin war narratives words of warriors |
title_sub | words of warriors |
topic | Rede (DE-588)4048882-2 gnd Krieg Motiv (DE-588)4136410-7 gnd Latein (DE-588)4114364-4 gnd Denken (DE-588)4011450-8 gnd Literatur (DE-588)4035964-5 gnd |
topic_facet | Rede Krieg Motiv Latein Denken Literatur |
url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029811006&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
volume_link | (DE-604)BV009563139 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT ademasuzannemaria speechandthoughtinlatinwarnarrativeswordsofwarriors |