Losing Pravda: ethics and the press in post-truth Russia
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
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Cambridge University Press
2017
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| Beschreibung: | Literaturverzeichnis Seite 225-258 |
| Beschreibung: | xi, 265 Seiten |
| ISBN: | 9781107171121 9781316629772 |
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Contents
Acknowledgments P ge ix
Introduction 1
1 Ethics and Politics in Soviet Journalism 51
2 Journalism and Capitalism: The First Encounter 98
3 From the Fourth Estate to the Second Oldest Profession 125
4 The Spiral of Cynicism in the 2000s 157
5 Trying a Life without Irony in the Early 2010s 196
Conclusion 217
Bibliography 225
Index 2 59
vii
What happens when journalism is made superfluous? Combining ethnography, media
analysis, and moral and political theory, this book examines the unravelling of professional
journalism in Russia during the 1990s and 2000s and its effects on society. It argues that
contrary to widespread assumptions, late Soviet-era journalists shared a cultural contract with
their audiences that ensured that their work was guided by a truth-telling ethic. Postcommunist
economic and political upheaval led not so much to greater press freedom as to the de-
professionaiization of journalism because journalists found themselves having to monetize their
truth-seeking skills. This has culminated in a perception of journalists as political prostitutes,
or members of the “second oldest profession”, as they are commonly termed in Russia.
Roudakova argues that this cultural shift has fundamentally eroded the value of truth-seeking
and truth-telling in Russian society. Beyond Russia, this book illustrates what could happen to
a country’s public life when collective truths are regularly displaced by systematic falsehoods
and fabrications.
NATALIA ROUDAKOVA is Assistant Professor of Communication at the University of
California, San Diego. Educated in both the Soviet Union and the United States, she draws
on her linguistic, political and social knowledge of the region. Her work combines cultural
anthropology, political communication, political theory, moral philosophy, and the study of
Russian history and contemporary society and culture.
‘Losing Pravda is a groundbreaking study of the decline of journalism and the loss of a
culture of truth in Russia. It is a wonderful news ethnography, rich in its portrayal of Russian
journalists and the way they have seen their social role over many decades.’
Daniel Hallin, University of California, San Diego
\
I
‘Natalia Roudakova brings deep ethnographic research, fluency in social theory, and an
engaged ethical sense for the deep urgency of journalism to this thoughtful and essential
book. The conditions she analyses, such as fake news, sponsored content, swirling rumors and
\
cynicism, punctuated by the courageous few committed to telling the truth, are not unique to
Russia. In a way, Roudakova has helped us understand not only the Russian scene, but also our
own in the age of Donald J. Trump.’
John D. Peters, University of Iowa
‘Ground-breaking. Losing Pravda is-indispensable reading for anybody interested in what
happens to public life in a time when our collective truths are displaced by consistent falsehood
and fabrication.’
Karin Wahi-Jorgensen, Cardiff University
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Index
abuses
of power, 3, 24, 42, 79, 199
performative, 46, 144
accuracy, 40, 41, 42, 151, 152, 197,
198,221
and fidelity to reality, 63
as care, 41
disregard for, 198
factual accuracy, 59, 60, 218
advertising, 98, 99, 100, 105, 107, 109,
See political advertising
meaning in Russia, 114
advertorials, 99, 100, 113, 118,
See ambiguity, fake news
Agranovsky, Anatoly, 47, 64, 83
Agranovsky, Valery, 63, 64
ambiguity, 65, 103, 182, 183, 202
of everyday speech, 193
toward whistle-blowing, 32
Arendt, Hannah, 22, 27,163,180,188,
219
Aristotle, 38, 64, 143,152
neo-Aristotelian turn, 39
assassination, 84, 110, 147, 149, 172
audiences, 38, 51, 52, 62, 69, 96, 98,
99,118, 153, See Soviet audiences
calling and coming to visit
journalists, 71
manufacturing reactions of, 61
Austin, J.L., 43, 46, 144
authoritarianism, 159, 181, 220
vs. totalitarianism, 159
Azhgikhina, Nadezhda, 49, 54, 55
barter, 105, 109
belief, 1, 6, 27, 37, 38, 44, 139, 197,
210, 211, 214, See conviction
in progress, 35
in socialism, 10, 11, 15, 22
vs. opinions, 189, 190
beliefs, 190
blacklisting
of possible news topics, 130, 133
blackmail, 135
bloggers, 201, 210
Brezhnev, Leonid, 60, 78
journalism under, 82, 83
broadcasting, 112, 148,150, 184, 185
Buzmakova, Valentina, 60, 133
capitalism, 26, 58, 98, 99, 100, 120,
122, 142,145, 183, 220,222, 224,
See privatization
and professionalism, 100
care, 39, 41, 42, 67, 198, 215
censorship, 24, 43, 48, 59, 62, 65, 79,
88,91, 101, 130,211
and self-censorship, 52, 58, 130, 211
character assassination. See kompromat
Chechnya, 107
class struggle, 4
clubs, 20, 75, 77, 87, 94
meeting at editorial offices, 75
cognitive dissonance, 16, 17
commitment. See standing by one’s
words
commodi fication
of journalism, 142
of news, 109
common good, 17
communication, 4, 6, 25, 30, 37, 38,
141, 163, 186, 187, 189
and propaganda, 37
instrumental vs. discourse, 36
communism, 34, 79, 221
desirability of, 60
communist media systems, 34
Communist party, 30, 51, 60
complaints, 69, 71, 72, 73, 79
in the Stalinist period, 79
259
260
Index
conformity, 13, 16,17,19, 23, 27, 30,
121
consumption, 23, 105
conviction, 19, 44, 45, 83,112, 139,
161,165, See belief
co-ownership, 102, 103, 108
corroboration, 41
corruption, 49, 55,123, 147,
153, 208
courage, 19, 20,21, 48
courageous speech, 23
credibility, 7, 36, 153, See legitimacy
crime, 60, See organized crime
Crimea, 9, 195, 219, 220
criticism, 18,19, 21,25, 30, 43,48,49,
51, 69, 70, 78, 79, 81, 86,133,
198, 201, See dissidents
freedom to ignore, 43
suppression of, 31, 79, 82
criticisms, 28
cross-institutional groups, 126, 127,
133, 157
cultivating non-thinking, 192
cultural change, 1,4,156
cultural theory, 13
culture. See political culture
cynicism, 8, 15, 44, 75,146, 156,160,
See kynicism
aesthetics, 181
and evil, 163
and fascism, 166
and high-ranking officials, 175
and modern journalism, 169
and perestroika, 224
and thoughtlessness, 163
and truth-seeking, 163
and Vladimir Putin, 171-6
as a badge of honor, 168
as disenchantment, 161
as irony, 161, 182
as nihilism, 161
as refusal to believe in the truth of
anything, 188
as skepticism, 161
bitter cynicism of the oppressed, 162,
165
difficulty of studying, 160
in the United States, 223
master cynicism, 162,165,171,179
of the friends of power, 162
opposition to, 200
putting up with, 195
Zeitgeist, 160, 164
Czechoslovakia, 18
data, 56, 58
deceit, 9, 13, 37, 45
deception. See deceit
defactualization, 219
defamation, 150,153, See kompromat
Deleuze, Gilles, 204, 205
democracy, 2, 8, 24, 30, 98,103,190,
217, 220, 221,223
denunciation, 29, 31, 32, 65,
198,214
depoliticization, 159
and cynicism, 160
deprofessionalization, 100, 155, 198
disinhibition, 162,166, 168, 169, 171,
173,174,175,177,180,189,194,
195
dissidents, 11, 15, 16, 20, 91, 92, 94,
See criticism
dominant narrative, 2-3
domination, 19, 38, 70, 89, 162, 166
domysel (guesswork), 61, 63, 64,198
drugs, 84
Durkheim, Emile, 45, 70
East Germany, 120, See Weimar
Germany
Eastern Europe, 98,100,101,119,120,
121,122
economic collapse, 8, 99, 165, 221
editors, 48, 56, 65, 70, 71, 72, 73, 77,
80, 82,87,88,90,91,98,101,
103,105,106, 117,120,128,129,
147, 154, 155,196
editorial collectives, 48
editorial control, 103,104,126,130,
132
editorial meetings, 129
editorial offices, 20,49, 61, 71, 75,
77, 83, 90,101,151
resignation of, 196
elderly people, 95, 159
Election Law (2002), 125
elections, 109, 110,125, 200
advertising, 116, 125,148,158
cancellation, 113
Index
261
coverage, 109, 110, 113, 114, 115,
116,117, 125
funds, 106,109, 111, 114,118, 131,
132
emoticons, 209
Enlightenment, 8, 27,163
entertainment programs, 181,186
entrepreneurialism, 99, 101, 102, 103,
104,105, 106
epistemological realism, 52, 93, 94, 95
epistemology, 1, 5, 6, 15, 43, 47
ethics, 1, 4, 5, 6, 15, 19, 27, 38, 39, 40,
42,43,55, 70, 78, 89, See morality
expertise, 5, 33
exposés, 29, 30, 31
exposure. See publicity
fabrication, 64, See vymysel
factual accuracy. See accuracy
fake news, 61, 63, 100, 146-56,
See fabrication, kompromat,
otkliki
false consciousness, 161
fascism, 163, 166
financial solvency, 103, 104, 106,132
first-person narratives, 200, 201
foreign ownership, 99,101, 120,121
Foucault, Michel, 13,19,38,48, 83, 89,
194,211
Fourth Estate, 9, 25, 27,104, 105,136
freedom, 3, 19, 97
freedom of speech, 8,104, 136, 178
freedom of the press. See press freedom
friends of power, 162, 166, 181, 194
Germany. See East Germany, Weimar
Germany
glasnost, 36, 82, 86, 94
Gorbachev, Mikhail, 3, 82
Gorky. See Nizhny Novgorod
governing, 25, 26, 43
Grushin, Boris, 80
Gutiontov, Pavel, 36, 51
Habermas, Jürgen, 36-9, 220
Hall, Stuart, 39
Hallin, Daniel, 6-7
humor, 181, 203-6
hypocrisy, 87, 169,183
ideals, 8,10,17,22,35,51,58,59,153,
160,161,162,163,164,170,182,
205, 209
ideology, 14,15, 37, 39, 44, 165, 171
independence, 23, 33, 49, 97,101,102,
103, 106
indifference, 16, 71,163, 222, See
cynicism
indoctrination, 3, 9
inflation, 105, 108, 165
information wars, 125, 133, 135, 158,
198, 218
Institute of Public Opinion, 81
institutions, 1, 5, 7, 8, 24, 30, 33, 37,
39, 40, 98,119,120, 123, 126,
127,133,140,143,157,159,167,
168, 170, 219, 221, 223
instrumentalism, 37, 56, 125, 135, 157
integrity, 5, 7,11, 31, 48
intellectuals, 10,18, 23, 35, 52, 77, 78,
93, 94, 104,112, 122, 136, 161,
182, 194, 202, 222
interviews, 56, 57, 63, 67, 118
investigation, 20,25, 26, 41,42, 51,66,
67, 73, 74, 82, 84, 86, 112,154,
155, 160, 176, 177,199
irony, 161, 181, 182, 202, 203, 205
isolated incident, 65, 66
Izvestia, 4, 83
journalism, 2, 7, 8, 9, See Soviet
journalism, post-Soviet journalism
and accuracy, 59, See accuracy
and liberalism, 24, See liberalism
and monitoring, 25, See monitoring
and propaganda, 2, 7, See
propaganda
and whistle-blowing, 32, See whistle-
blowing
as a political profession, 2, 6, 35
as leadership, 35
journalism education, 53,178
journalistic professionalism, 33, 35,
99
journalistic solidarity, 133, 135, 212
judgment, 38, 40, 44, 46
justice, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 28, 31, 43, 49, 52,
55, 67, 68, 71, 84, 86, 91, 92, 94,
170, 218,223
262
Index
KGB, 67
Khrushchev, Nikita, 60, 78, 79
journalism under, 80, 82
shift in journalism after, 81
killing stories, 130
knowledge, 1, 5, 6, See epistemology
kompromat, 42, 100, 118,133, 134,
135, 137,148,155,158, 198
Komsomol, 54, 56,106
Komsomolskaya Pravda, 54, 60
kynicism, 163, 194, 195, See cynicism
Lasswell, Harold, 25
Law on Advertising, 116
Law on the Press, 101
legitimacy, 7, 9,10, 12,13, 24, 30, 31,
32, 39, 43, 68, 89, See credibility
and accountability, 51
and communication, 37
of journalism, 24, 51, 52
of socialism, 28, 78
Lenin, Vladimir, 4, 78
Leninskaya Smena, 52, 60, 106
letters, 73, 74, 75, 85
libel, 67, 92
liberalism, 4, 8, 222, 223
and journalism, 24
belief in, 1
comparisons with socialism, 58
institutions of, 9
liberal self, 10
lies. See deceit
Literaturnaya Gazeta, 54, 65, 66, 71,
84, 88
manipulation, 9, 11, 45, 49
Marx, Karl, 4, 142
Marxism, 4, 57, 96
media concentration, 125,126, 127,
129, 157
media moguls and oligarchs, 3, 49
Medvedev, Dmitry, 176, 194
memoirs, 53, 56, 57, 58, 70, 74, 200
methodology, 1, 55, 56, 58, 59
ethnographic, 128
interviews, 139
memory, 41
Mill, James, 4
mockery, 92, 185, 202
of sick children, 184
of war crimes against Ukrainians,
184
of Western values, 183
monitoring, 5, 24, 25, 30, 33
moral disorientation, 192, 194
moral order, 5, 6, 30, 43, 70
morality, 11, 57, 62, 70, 95, 96,142,
187
becoming unhinged, 187
erosion of, 45
moral clarity, 214
moral disorientation, 8
moral dissonance, 164
moral outrage, 148
moral responsibility, 15
moralizing, 62
of socialism, 9,11, 13, 28
murder and intimidation of journalists,
155,177
musicians, 172, 203, 210, 212
natural disasters, 60,176
newspapers, 4, 29, 31, 46, 47, 48, 54,
55, 75, 76, 77, 79, 81, 83, 86,117,
127,158,170, 223,233,245,250,
257
NGOs, 199
nihilism, 161, See cynicism
Nizhny Novgorod, 52,125, 126
norms, 26,27, 30, 42,198
nostalgia, 56, 104
objectivity, 117, 122
ocberk, 47, 48, 62, 65
official discourse, 15, 46
oil business, 127
organized crime, 84, 147, 153
otkliki, 61
paid journalism, 99,100, 112
paranoia, 65, 217
parrhesia, 19,38,48,49,55,77,83, 89,
90,91,93,195,196,197,211,213
Partiinaya Zhizn\ 55
party press, 45, 170
pathos, 45,46,143,152,153,220, 221
reduction of, 207, 208
vs. logos, 205
perestroika, 36, 49, 82, 86, 104,105,
118, 136, 224
Index
263
performativity, 14, 15, 43
petitioning, 28, 29, 42
Poland, 36
police, 67, 86,172, 212, 215
political advertising, 109, 111, 112,
114,115,116, 118, See publicity
political culture, 1, 2, 164, 167, 223
of post-Soviet Russia, 167-8
of Weimar Germany, 164-6
political participation, 28, 29
post-Soviet journalism
and cynicism, 169, See cynicism
as a business, 178, 190
as a personal project, 122
breakdown of logical reasoning, 190
degeneration of, 56
erosion of core values, 146
fragmentation, 8, 113, 122
tightening budgets, 154
post-Soviet journalists, 49, 100, 104
and money, 132, 145
as community activists, 111
as courageous truth-tellers, 153
as government adversaries, 104
as mercenaries, 154
as national heroes, 104
as prostitutes, 137, 141, 145
as sell-outs, 136
as wage laborers, 131, 143
contact with common people, 215
discussions about compromises, 197
fired for social media posts, 212
growing distrust of, 118
growing divisions among, 117, 118,
133
lack of integrity, 152
leaving the profession, 118, 122,158
made superfluous, 219
mocked and bullied by officials, 177,
179, 180
moonlighting for campaigns, 132
no agreement on proper practices,
121,123
not pursuing investigative work, 154
other social actors taking on the roles
of, 199
preserving traditions of Soviet
journalism, 112
professional advancement, 138
quitting publicly, 212
rationalization, 138, 139, 154
relationship with the state, 119
senior journalists, 137
shaming their colleagues, 198
soul-searching among, 210
turnover, 132
use of pseudonyms, 140, See
pseudonyms
working conditions, 132
post-Soviet Russia, 8
and cynicism, 171
and emotional distance, 167
comparison to Weimar Germany,
167
power, 19, 38, 48, 70, 89
power struggles, 12, 157
Prague Spring, 81
Pravda, 4, 49, 55, 93
press. See journalism
press freedom, 2-3,4, 9, 24, 29, 32, 43,
98,103,119, 146, 153, 178
prices of paper and printing, 105, 106,
108
private media ownership, 98, 102,108,
119,121
privatization, 8, 49, 100,123, 221
professionalism
and capitalism, 100
professionalization, 33, 132, 144
promises, 42, 68, 190
propaganda, 2, 7, 9, 37, 46, 56, 80, 96,
218
protests, 173, 174, 194, 195, 196,197,
198,199,200, 204, 208, 210, 212,
217, 224
controversies among protesters, 213
low-key nature of, 206
pseudonyms, 132, 135, 140
public discourse, 8, 37, 39, 156, 159,
190
public opinion, 8, 24, 45, 55, 80, 220,
See Institute of Public Opinion
public ritual, 14, 15, 21
public sphere, 33, 220, 221
public utterances, 23, 27, 68, 201,
See truth, speaking truth to power
publicity, 3, 24, 26, 27, 30, 42, 51, 67,
68, 113, 114, 115, 116, 126, 131,
132, 142, 149
as a tool of governance, 67
264
Index
punishment, 79, 82, 92, 150
purges, 12, 30, 31, 79, 92, 95
Putin, Vladimir, 3, 8, 126, 157, 194,
213
and cynicism, 171-6
rationality, 43, 68,223
readers. See audiences
reflexivity, 46, 47
repression, 31, 91, 195
resistance, 13, 15, 30, See dissidents
to socialism, 11, 12
resonance
with audiences, 47
response to complaints, 70, 72, 73, 81
responsibility, 2,18, 57, See moral
responsibility
ressentiment, 171
ritual, 42, 68
Rudenko, Inna, 62, 74, 83,168
Russian journalism
dominant narrative about, 2-3
Russians
stereotypes about, 2, 9,16
sacred and profane, 68
samizdat, 11,49
samokritika, 78, 79, 81
Schramm, Wilbur, 4
science, 5, 6
sensitive topics, 60, 78
seriousness, 40, 41, 45,46, 85,185,
197,203,204,206,207,208, 209,
215
Shagiyeva, Galina, 83, 94
shame, 72, 141, 184,194,197, 198,
200, 201
Shapin, Steven, 5-6
Shchekhochikhin, Yuri, 84, 85, 86, 87
sincerity, 43, 45, 46, 199
skepticism, 5
Sloterdijk, Peter, 162, 164, 171, 180,
194
social problems, 80, 81
socialism, 8,10, 12, 34, 51, 170
and parrhesia, 78
comparisons with liberalism, 58
Soviet audiences, 4, 7, 8,15, 36, 39
Soviet journalism, 4,24,33,36,47,170
aimed at youth, 86, See youth
and professionalism, 34, See
professionalism
and the Communist party, 30, See
Communist party
and the state, 33
and whistle-blowing, 29, See whistle-
blowing
as a moral project, 94
as a vocation, 57
as religion, 69
social contracts, 36
Soviet journalists, 4,7, 8,15,23,32,34,
35, 41, 43, 44, 57
and independence, 35
and the Party, 35
and the public, 36
and unions, 35
as community organizers, 77
as mediators, 51
as moral or legal representatives, 72
as prostitutes, 8
as search engines, 74
as social critics, 80
as social researchers, 80
as state agents, 57,68
as the avant-garde, 80
changing relationship with officials,
82
complicity of, 91
connection with audience, 70
disciplinary measures, 69
ideals, 58, See ideals
investigation, 66, See investigation
methods, 61, 62, 65
research, 65
responsibility, 67, 70
responsibility to the people, 76
responsiveness, 43, 69
restrictions on, 59, 60
speaking out, 84
thoroughness, 62, 67
Soviet legal system, 68
Soviet liberal press, 49, 54
Soviet media system, 7
Soviet society, 9,10, 11,14, 95
Soviet Writers’ Union, 54
Sovietology, 9-15
post-revisionists, 13
revisionists, 11-13
totalitarian school, 9-10, 12
Index
265
speaking Bolshevik, 21, 78
speaking truth to power, 8,19, 20, 21,
22,48, 49, 93,125,146,194, 211,
212, 215, See parrhesia, truth-
telling
Stalin, Joseph, 12, 78, 79, 89
standards of excellence, 57
standing by one’s words, 42, 45
state capture, 126
state secrets, 59
stereotypes
about Russians, 2, 4
stiob, 182, 183, 202, 203, 206
stupidity, 49, 55
subjectivity, 13, 187
subordination, 131,143
subsidies, 103, 106
surveillance, 25, 26, 28, 30
svoiy 14,15, 16, 20
systemic problems, 65, 66
tabloids, 99, 107,127,128, 134, 148,
179
theater, 198
totalitarianism, 11, 159, 188
transparency, 25, 27, 222
trust, 5, 6,7, 8, 33,38, 39,42,44,45,52,
67, 68, 71, 75, 80, 86, 89, 96,104,
105,107,128,152,165,167,190
regaining, 197, 203, 206, 207
truth, 4, 5, 8,13,19, 21, 40, 48,49, 52,
63, 64, 68, 86, 93, 96, 152,188,
197,199,201,210,217,218, 221,
222, 224, See speaking truth to
power
and accuracy, 40, 59
and communication, 38
and guesswork, 63
and justice, 7, 91
and power, 19, 20
and reflexivity, 46
and seriousness, 45, 203
and sincerity, 43
and standing by one’s words, 42
artistic truth, 65
as a social product, 5
deep truths, 170
erosion of, 8, 9,164,192
of socialism, 92, 93
produced through ritual, 68
truth-seeking, 4, 8,40,41,48,136,146,
156,159,160,163,194,195,217,
221, 224
truth-telling, 4, 9,19, 20, 40, 46, 48,
136, 146, 155,156, 211, 214, See
parrhesia, speaking truth to power
crisis of, 197, 210
vs. story-telling, 149
Twentieth Party Congress, 18, 78, 79,
82, 92
Twitter, 179
Ukraine, 9, 184, 217, 219
uncertainty, 39,40,42, 82,96, 97,100,
114,115,119,121,122,123,185,
186, 188
Union of Journalists, 75
unions, 35, 133
United States, 30, 33, 34, 35, 57, 99,
116, 149,150, 223
vertikal vlasti, 158
villainy, 180
vnye, 168,170, 171,182, 186
Voprosy Kommunizma, 55
vymysel (fabrication of detail), 61, 63,
64, 198
watchdog journalism. See monitoring
Weber, Max, 2, 24, 35, 37, 57, 171
Weimar Germany, 163
and post-Soviet Russia, 164, 167
whistle-blowing, 29, 30,31,32,36,211
Williams, Bernard, 40-1, 44, 59, 68,
151
world in common, 188, 189, 192,
224
Yeltsin, Boris, 3,105, 110, 113, 125,
157
youth, 20, 54, 75, 86, 87, 94, 106
Yurchak, Alexei, 13-16, 168
Zizek, Slavoj, 162
Bayerische
Staatsbibliothek
Mönche«
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Zhurnalist. (1990). Kak nas teper nazyvat?. Zhurnalist, 8, pp. 2-5.
Zizek, S. (1989). The sublime object of ideology. New York: Verso.
Zizek, S. (2012). Absolutnyi tsinizm - eto iznachalno nezhiznesposobnaya
pozitsiya. Available at www.theoryandpractice.ru/posts/5280-filosof
-slavoy-zhizhek-absoíyutnyy-tsinizm-eto-iznachalno-nezhiznesposobnaya
-pozitsiya (accessed April 10, 2017).
Index
abuses
of power, 3, 24, 42, 79, 199
performative, 46, 144
accuracy, 40, 41, 42, 151, 152, 197,
198,221
and fidelity to reality, 63
as care, 41
disregard for, 198
factual accuracy, 59, 60, 218
advertising, 98, 99, 100, 105, 107, 109,
See political advertising
meaning in Russia, 114
advertorials, 99, 100, 113, 118,
See ambiguity, fake news
Agranovsky, Anatoly, 47, 64, 83
Agranovsky, Valery, 63, 64
ambiguity, 65, 103, 182, 183, 202
of everyday speech, 193
toward whistle-blowing, 32
Arendt, Hannah, 22, 27,163,180,188,
219
Aristotle, 38, 64, 143,152
neo-Aristotelian turn, 39
assassination, 84, 110, 147, 149, 172
audiences, 38, 51, 52, 62, 69, 96, 98,
99,118, 153, See Soviet audiences
calling and coming to visit
journalists, 71
manufacturing reactions of, 61
Austin, J.L., 43, 46, 144
authoritarianism, 159, 181, 220
vs. totalitarianism, 159
Azhgikhina, Nadezhda, 49, 54, 55
barter, 105, 109
belief, 1, 6, 27, 37, 38, 44, 139, 197,
210, 211, 214, See conviction
in progress, 35
in socialism, 10, 11, 15, 22
vs. opinions, 189, 190
beliefs, 190
blacklisting
of possible news topics, 130, 133
blackmail, 135
bloggers, 201, 210
Brezhnev, Leonid, 60, 78
journalism under, 82, 83
broadcasting, 112, 148,150, 184, 185
Buzmakova, Valentina, 60, 133
capitalism, 26, 58, 98, 99, 100, 120,
122, 142,145, 183, 220,222, 224,
See privatization
and professionalism, 100
care, 39, 41, 42, 67, 198, 215
censorship, 24, 43, 48, 59, 62, 65, 79,
88,91, 101, 130,211
and self-censorship, 52, 58, 130, 211
character assassination. See kompromat
Chechnya, 107
class struggle, 4
clubs, 20, 75, 77, 87, 94
meeting at editorial offices, 75
cognitive dissonance, 16, 17
commitment. See standing by one’s
words
commodi fication
of journalism, 142
of news, 109
common good, 17
communication, 4, 6, 25, 30, 37, 38,
141, 163, 186, 187, 189
and propaganda, 37
instrumental vs. discourse, 36
communism, 34, 79, 221
desirability of, 60
communist media systems, 34
Communist party, 30, 51, 60
complaints, 69, 71, 72, 73, 79
in the Stalinist period, 79
259
260
Index
conformity, 13, 16,17,19, 23, 27, 30,
121
consumption, 23, 105
conviction, 19, 44, 45, 83,112, 139,
161,165, See belief
co-ownership, 102, 103, 108
corroboration, 41
corruption, 49, 55,123, 147,
153, 208
courage, 19, 20,21, 48
courageous speech, 23
credibility, 7, 36, 153, See legitimacy
crime, 60, See organized crime
Crimea, 9, 195, 219, 220
criticism, 18,19, 21,25, 30, 43,48,49,
51, 69, 70, 78, 79, 81, 86,133,
198, 201, See dissidents
freedom to ignore, 43
suppression of, 31, 79, 82
criticisms, 28
cross-institutional groups, 126, 127,
133, 157
cultivating non-thinking, 192
cultural change, 1,4,156
cultural theory, 13
culture. See political culture
cynicism, 8, 15, 44, 75,146, 156,160,
See kynicism
aesthetics, 181
and evil, 163
and fascism, 166
and high-ranking officials, 175
and modern journalism, 169
and perestroika, 224
and thoughtlessness, 163
and truth-seeking, 163
and Vladimir Putin, 171-6
as a badge of honor, 168
as disenchantment, 161
as irony, 161, 182
as nihilism, 161
as refusal to believe in the truth of
anything, 188
as skepticism, 161
bitter cynicism of the oppressed, 162,
165
difficulty of studying, 160
in the United States, 223
master cynicism, 162,165,171,179
of the friends of power, 162
opposition to, 200
putting up with, 195
Zeitgeist, 160, 164
Czechoslovakia, 18
data, 56, 58
deceit, 9, 13, 37, 45
deception. See deceit
defactualization, 219
defamation, 150,153, See kompromat
Deleuze, Gilles, 204, 205
democracy, 2, 8, 24, 30, 98,103,190,
217, 220, 221,223
denunciation, 29, 31, 32, 65,
198,214
depoliticization, 159
and cynicism, 160
deprofessionalization, 100, 155, 198
disinhibition, 162,166, 168, 169, 171,
173,174,175,177,180,189,194,
195
dissidents, 11, 15, 16, 20, 91, 92, 94,
See criticism
dominant narrative, 2-3
domination, 19, 38, 70, 89, 162, 166
domysel (guesswork), 61, 63, 64,198
drugs, 84
Durkheim, Emile, 45, 70
East Germany, 120, See Weimar
Germany
Eastern Europe, 98,100,101,119,120,
121,122
economic collapse, 8, 99, 165, 221
editors, 48, 56, 65, 70, 71, 72, 73, 77,
80, 82,87,88,90,91,98,101,
103,105,106, 117,120,128,129,
147, 154, 155,196
editorial collectives, 48
editorial control, 103,104,126,130,
132
editorial meetings, 129
editorial offices, 20,49, 61, 71, 75,
77, 83, 90,101,151
resignation of, 196
elderly people, 95, 159
Election Law (2002), 125
elections, 109, 110,125, 200
advertising, 116, 125,148,158
cancellation, 113
Index
261
coverage, 109, 110, 113, 114, 115,
116,117, 125
funds, 106,109, 111, 114,118, 131,
132
emoticons, 209
Enlightenment, 8, 27,163
entertainment programs, 181,186
entrepreneurialism, 99, 101, 102, 103,
104,105, 106
epistemological realism, 52, 93, 94, 95
epistemology, 1, 5, 6, 15, 43, 47
ethics, 1, 4, 5, 6, 15, 19, 27, 38, 39, 40,
42,43,55, 70, 78, 89, See morality
expertise, 5, 33
exposés, 29, 30, 31
exposure. See publicity
fabrication, 64, See vymysel
factual accuracy. See accuracy
fake news, 61, 63, 100, 146-56,
See fabrication, kompromat,
otkliki
false consciousness, 161
fascism, 163, 166
financial solvency, 103, 104, 106,132
first-person narratives, 200, 201
foreign ownership, 99,101, 120,121
Foucault, Michel, 13,19,38,48, 83, 89,
194,211
Fourth Estate, 9, 25, 27,104, 105,136
freedom, 3, 19, 97
freedom of speech, 8,104, 136, 178
freedom of the press. See press freedom
friends of power, 162, 166, 181, 194
Germany. See East Germany, Weimar
Germany
glasnost, 36, 82, 86, 94
Gorbachev, Mikhail, 3, 82
Gorky. See Nizhny Novgorod
governing, 25, 26, 43
Grushin, Boris, 80
Gutiontov, Pavel, 36, 51
Habermas, Jürgen, 36-9, 220
Hall, Stuart, 39
Hallin, Daniel, 6-7
humor, 181, 203-6
hypocrisy, 87, 169,183
ideals, 8,10,17,22,35,51,58,59,153,
160,161,162,163,164,170,182,
205, 209
ideology, 14,15, 37, 39, 44, 165, 171
independence, 23, 33, 49, 97,101,102,
103, 106
indifference, 16, 71,163, 222, See
cynicism
indoctrination, 3, 9
inflation, 105, 108, 165
information wars, 125, 133, 135, 158,
198, 218
Institute of Public Opinion, 81
institutions, 1, 5, 7, 8, 24, 30, 33, 37,
39, 40, 98,119,120, 123, 126,
127,133,140,143,157,159,167,
168, 170, 219, 221, 223
instrumentalism, 37, 56, 125, 135, 157
integrity, 5, 7,11, 31, 48
intellectuals, 10,18, 23, 35, 52, 77, 78,
93, 94, 104,112, 122, 136, 161,
182, 194, 202, 222
interviews, 56, 57, 63, 67, 118
investigation, 20,25, 26, 41,42, 51,66,
67, 73, 74, 82, 84, 86, 112,154,
155, 160, 176, 177,199
irony, 161, 181, 182, 202, 203, 205
isolated incident, 65, 66
Izvestia, 4, 83
journalism, 2, 7, 8, 9, See Soviet
journalism, post-Soviet journalism
and accuracy, 59, See accuracy
and liberalism, 24, See liberalism
and monitoring, 25, See monitoring
and propaganda, 2, 7, See
propaganda
and whistle-blowing, 32, See whistle-
blowing
as a political profession, 2, 6, 35
as leadership, 35
journalism education, 53,178
journalistic professionalism, 33, 35,
99
journalistic solidarity, 133, 135, 212
judgment, 38, 40, 44, 46
justice, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 28, 31, 43, 49, 52,
55, 67, 68, 71, 84, 86, 91, 92, 94,
170, 218,223
262
Index
KGB, 67
Khrushchev, Nikita, 60, 78, 79
journalism under, 80, 82
shift in journalism after, 81
killing stories, 130
knowledge, 1, 5, 6, See epistemology
kompromat, 42, 100, 118,133, 134,
135, 137,148,155,158, 198
Komsomol, 54, 56,106
Komsomolskaya Pravda, 54, 60
kynicism, 163, 194, 195, See cynicism
Lasswell, Harold, 25
Law on Advertising, 116
Law on the Press, 101
legitimacy, 7, 9,10, 12,13, 24, 30, 31,
32, 39, 43, 68, 89, See credibility
and accountability, 51
and communication, 37
of journalism, 24, 51, 52
of socialism, 28, 78
Lenin, Vladimir, 4, 78
Leninskaya Smena, 52, 60, 106
letters, 73, 74, 75, 85
libel, 67, 92
liberalism, 4, 8, 222, 223
and journalism, 24
belief in, 1
comparisons with socialism, 58
institutions of, 9
liberal self, 10
lies. See deceit
Literaturnaya Gazeta, 54, 65, 66, 71,
84, 88
manipulation, 9, 11, 45, 49
Marx, Karl, 4, 142
Marxism, 4, 57, 96
media concentration, 125,126, 127,
129, 157
media moguls and oligarchs, 3, 49
Medvedev, Dmitry, 176, 194
memoirs, 53, 56, 57, 58, 70, 74, 200
methodology, 1, 55, 56, 58, 59
ethnographic, 128
interviews, 139
memory, 41
Mill, James, 4
mockery, 92, 185, 202
of sick children, 184
of war crimes against Ukrainians,
184
of Western values, 183
monitoring, 5, 24, 25, 30, 33
moral disorientation, 192, 194
moral order, 5, 6, 30, 43, 70
morality, 11, 57, 62, 70, 95, 96,142,
187
becoming unhinged, 187
erosion of, 45
moral clarity, 214
moral disorientation, 8
moral dissonance, 164
moral outrage, 148
moral responsibility, 15
moralizing, 62
of socialism, 9,11, 13, 28
murder and intimidation of journalists,
155,177
musicians, 172, 203, 210, 212
natural disasters, 60,176
newspapers, 4, 29, 31, 46, 47, 48, 54,
55, 75, 76, 77, 79, 81, 83, 86,117,
127,158,170, 223,233,245,250,
257
NGOs, 199
nihilism, 161, See cynicism
Nizhny Novgorod, 52,125, 126
norms, 26,27, 30, 42,198
nostalgia, 56, 104
objectivity, 117, 122
ocberk, 47, 48, 62, 65
official discourse, 15, 46
oil business, 127
organized crime, 84, 147, 153
otkliki, 61
paid journalism, 99,100, 112
paranoia, 65, 217
parrhesia, 19,38,48,49,55,77,83, 89,
90,91,93,195,196,197,211,213
Partiinaya Zhizn\ 55
party press, 45, 170
pathos, 45,46,143,152,153,220, 221
reduction of, 207, 208
vs. logos, 205
perestroika, 36, 49, 82, 86, 104,105,
118, 136, 224
Index
263
performativity, 14, 15, 43
petitioning, 28, 29, 42
Poland, 36
police, 67, 86,172, 212, 215
political advertising, 109, 111, 112,
114,115,116, 118, See publicity
political culture, 1, 2, 164, 167, 223
of post-Soviet Russia, 167-8
of Weimar Germany, 164-6
political participation, 28, 29
post-Soviet journalism
and cynicism, 169, See cynicism
as a business, 178, 190
as a personal project, 122
breakdown of logical reasoning, 190
degeneration of, 56
erosion of core values, 146
fragmentation, 8, 113, 122
tightening budgets, 154
post-Soviet journalists, 49, 100, 104
and money, 132, 145
as community activists, 111
as courageous truth-tellers, 153
as government adversaries, 104
as mercenaries, 154
as national heroes, 104
as prostitutes, 137, 141, 145
as sell-outs, 136
as wage laborers, 131, 143
contact with common people, 215
discussions about compromises, 197
fired for social media posts, 212
growing distrust of, 118
growing divisions among, 117, 118,
133
lack of integrity, 152
leaving the profession, 118, 122,158
made superfluous, 219
mocked and bullied by officials, 177,
179, 180
moonlighting for campaigns, 132
no agreement on proper practices,
121,123
not pursuing investigative work, 154
other social actors taking on the roles
of, 199
preserving traditions of Soviet
journalism, 112
professional advancement, 138
quitting publicly, 212
rationalization, 138, 139, 154
relationship with the state, 119
senior journalists, 137
shaming their colleagues, 198
soul-searching among, 210
turnover, 132
use of pseudonyms, 140, See
pseudonyms
working conditions, 132
post-Soviet Russia, 8
and cynicism, 171
and emotional distance, 167
comparison to Weimar Germany,
167
power, 19, 38, 48, 70, 89
power struggles, 12, 157
Prague Spring, 81
Pravda, 4, 49, 55, 93
press. See journalism
press freedom, 2-3,4, 9, 24, 29, 32, 43,
98,103,119, 146, 153, 178
prices of paper and printing, 105, 106,
108
private media ownership, 98, 102,108,
119,121
privatization, 8, 49, 100,123, 221
professionalism
and capitalism, 100
professionalization, 33, 132, 144
promises, 42, 68, 190
propaganda, 2, 7, 9, 37, 46, 56, 80, 96,
218
protests, 173, 174, 194, 195, 196,197,
198,199,200, 204, 208, 210, 212,
217, 224
controversies among protesters, 213
low-key nature of, 206
pseudonyms, 132, 135, 140
public discourse, 8, 37, 39, 156, 159,
190
public opinion, 8, 24, 45, 55, 80, 220,
See Institute of Public Opinion
public ritual, 14, 15, 21
public sphere, 33, 220, 221
public utterances, 23, 27, 68, 201,
See truth, speaking truth to power
publicity, 3, 24, 26, 27, 30, 42, 51, 67,
68, 113, 114, 115, 116, 126, 131,
132, 142, 149
as a tool of governance, 67
264
Index
punishment, 79, 82, 92, 150
purges, 12, 30, 31, 79, 92, 95
Putin, Vladimir, 3, 8, 126, 157, 194,
213
and cynicism, 171-6
rationality, 43, 68,223
readers. See audiences
reflexivity, 46, 47
repression, 31, 91, 195
resistance, 13, 15, 30, See dissidents
to socialism, 11, 12
resonance
with audiences, 47
response to complaints, 70, 72, 73, 81
responsibility, 2,18, 57, See moral
responsibility
ressentiment, 171
ritual, 42, 68
Rudenko, Inna, 62, 74, 83,168
Russian journalism
dominant narrative about, 2-3
Russians
stereotypes about, 2, 9,16
sacred and profane, 68
samizdat, 11,49
samokritika, 78, 79, 81
Schramm, Wilbur, 4
science, 5, 6
sensitive topics, 60, 78
seriousness, 40, 41, 45,46, 85,185,
197,203,204,206,207,208, 209,
215
Shagiyeva, Galina, 83, 94
shame, 72, 141, 184,194,197, 198,
200, 201
Shapin, Steven, 5-6
Shchekhochikhin, Yuri, 84, 85, 86, 87
sincerity, 43, 45, 46, 199
skepticism, 5
Sloterdijk, Peter, 162, 164, 171, 180,
194
social problems, 80, 81
socialism, 8,10, 12, 34, 51, 170
and parrhesia, 78
comparisons with liberalism, 58
Soviet audiences, 4, 7, 8,15, 36, 39
Soviet journalism, 4,24,33,36,47,170
aimed at youth, 86, See youth
and professionalism, 34, See
professionalism
and the Communist party, 30, See
Communist party
and the state, 33
and whistle-blowing, 29, See whistle-
blowing
as a moral project, 94
as a vocation, 57
as religion, 69
social contracts, 36
Soviet journalists, 4,7, 8,15,23,32,34,
35, 41, 43, 44, 57
and independence, 35
and the Party, 35
and the public, 36
and unions, 35
as community organizers, 77
as mediators, 51
as moral or legal representatives, 72
as prostitutes, 8
as search engines, 74
as social critics, 80
as social researchers, 80
as state agents, 57,68
as the avant-garde, 80
changing relationship with officials,
82
complicity of, 91
connection with audience, 70
disciplinary measures, 69
ideals, 58, See ideals
investigation, 66, See investigation
methods, 61, 62, 65
research, 65
responsibility, 67, 70
responsibility to the people, 76
responsiveness, 43, 69
restrictions on, 59, 60
speaking out, 84
thoroughness, 62, 67
Soviet legal system, 68
Soviet liberal press, 49, 54
Soviet media system, 7
Soviet society, 9,10, 11,14, 95
Soviet Writers’ Union, 54
Sovietology, 9-15
post-revisionists, 13
revisionists, 11-13
totalitarian school, 9-10, 12
Index
265
speaking Bolshevik, 21, 78
speaking truth to power, 8,19, 20, 21,
22,48, 49, 93,125,146,194, 211,
212, 215, See parrhesia, truth-
telling
Stalin, Joseph, 12, 78, 79, 89
standards of excellence, 57
standing by one’s words, 42, 45
state capture, 126
state secrets, 59
stereotypes
about Russians, 2, 4
stiob, 182, 183, 202, 203, 206
stupidity, 49, 55
subjectivity, 13, 187
subordination, 131,143
subsidies, 103, 106
surveillance, 25, 26, 28, 30
svoiy 14,15, 16, 20
systemic problems, 65, 66
tabloids, 99, 107,127,128, 134, 148,
179
theater, 198
totalitarianism, 11, 159, 188
transparency, 25, 27, 222
trust, 5, 6,7, 8, 33,38, 39,42,44,45,52,
67, 68, 71, 75, 80, 86, 89, 96,104,
105,107,128,152,165,167,190
regaining, 197, 203, 206, 207
truth, 4, 5, 8,13,19, 21, 40, 48,49, 52,
63, 64, 68, 86, 93, 96, 152,188,
197,199,201,210,217,218, 221,
222, 224, See speaking truth to
power
and accuracy, 40, 59
and communication, 38
and guesswork, 63
and justice, 7, 91
and power, 19, 20
and reflexivity, 46
and seriousness, 45, 203
and sincerity, 43
and standing by one’s words, 42
artistic truth, 65
as a social product, 5
deep truths, 170
erosion of, 8, 9,164,192
of socialism, 92, 93
produced through ritual, 68
truth-seeking, 4, 8,40,41,48,136,146,
156,159,160,163,194,195,217,
221, 224
truth-telling, 4, 9,19, 20, 40, 46, 48,
136, 146, 155,156, 211, 214, See
parrhesia, speaking truth to power
crisis of, 197, 210
vs. story-telling, 149
Twentieth Party Congress, 18, 78, 79,
82, 92
Twitter, 179
Ukraine, 9, 184, 217, 219
uncertainty, 39,40,42, 82,96, 97,100,
114,115,119,121,122,123,185,
186, 188
Union of Journalists, 75
unions, 35, 133
United States, 30, 33, 34, 35, 57, 99,
116, 149,150, 223
vertikal vlasti, 158
villainy, 180
vnye, 168,170, 171,182, 186
Voprosy Kommunizma, 55
vymysel (fabrication of detail), 61, 63,
64, 198
watchdog journalism. See monitoring
Weber, Max, 2, 24, 35, 37, 57, 171
Weimar Germany, 163
and post-Soviet Russia, 164, 167
whistle-blowing, 29, 30,31,32,36,211
Williams, Bernard, 40-1, 44, 59, 68,
151
world in common, 188, 189, 192,
224
Yeltsin, Boris, 3,105, 110, 113, 125,
157
youth, 20, 54, 75, 86, 87, 94, 106
Yurchak, Alexei, 13-16, 168
Zizek, Slavoj, 162
Bayerische
Staatsbibliothek
Mönche« |
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| geographic | Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Russland |
| id | DE-604.BV044406811 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-11-26T11:00:59Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781107171121 9781316629772 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-029808720 |
| oclc_num | 1015853746 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-12 DE-188 DE-11 DE-739 |
| owner_facet | DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-12 DE-188 DE-11 DE-739 |
| physical | xi, 265 Seiten |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20190619 |
| publishDate | 2017 |
| publishDateSearch | 2017 |
| publishDateSort | 2017 |
| publisher | Cambridge University Press |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Roudakova, Natalia Verfasser (DE-588)140006141 aut Losing Pravda ethics and the press in post-truth Russia Natalia Roudakova (University of California, San Diego) Cambridge Cambridge University Press 2017 xi, 265 Seiten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Literaturverzeichnis Seite 225-258 Geschichte 1990-2015 gnd rswk-swf Journalism Russia (Federation) Journalists Russia (Federation) Social conditions Politische Berichterstattung (DE-588)4115582-8 gnd rswk-swf Pressefreiheit (DE-588)4047160-3 gnd rswk-swf Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd rswk-swf Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 g Pressefreiheit (DE-588)4047160-3 s Politische Berichterstattung (DE-588)4115582-8 s Geschichte 1990-2015 z DE-604 Digitalisierung UB Regensburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029808720&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung UB Regensburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029808720&sequence=000002&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029808720&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029808720&sequence=000006&line_number=0004&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029808720&sequence=000009&line_number=0005&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029808720&sequence=000010&line_number=0006&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Roudakova, Natalia Losing Pravda ethics and the press in post-truth Russia Journalism Russia (Federation) Journalists Russia (Federation) Social conditions Politische Berichterstattung (DE-588)4115582-8 gnd Pressefreiheit (DE-588)4047160-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4115582-8 (DE-588)4047160-3 (DE-588)4076899-5 |
| title | Losing Pravda ethics and the press in post-truth Russia |
| title_auth | Losing Pravda ethics and the press in post-truth Russia |
| title_exact_search | Losing Pravda ethics and the press in post-truth Russia |
| title_full | Losing Pravda ethics and the press in post-truth Russia Natalia Roudakova (University of California, San Diego) |
| title_fullStr | Losing Pravda ethics and the press in post-truth Russia Natalia Roudakova (University of California, San Diego) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Losing Pravda ethics and the press in post-truth Russia Natalia Roudakova (University of California, San Diego) |
| title_short | Losing Pravda |
| title_sort | losing pravda ethics and the press in post truth russia |
| title_sub | ethics and the press in post-truth Russia |
| topic | Journalism Russia (Federation) Journalists Russia (Federation) Social conditions Politische Berichterstattung (DE-588)4115582-8 gnd Pressefreiheit (DE-588)4047160-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Journalism Russia (Federation) Journalists Russia (Federation) Social conditions Politische Berichterstattung Pressefreiheit Russland |
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