Current controversies and issues in personality:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Ausgabe: | Third edition |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | VIII, 328 Seiten |
| ISBN: | 0471415634 |
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CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1
The Enterprise of Personality Research: How Should It Be Conducted? 1
The Three Disciplines of Psychology 3
Three Research Traditions in Personality Psychology:
Clinical, Correlational, and Experimental 5
The Clinical, Case Study Approach 5
The Correlational Approach 8
The Place of Self-Report Data 10
The Experimental Approach 16
Linkages Among Theory, Content, and Research Method 18
Convergence Among Data from Alternative Research Methods 21
Summary and Conclusions 22
CHAPTER 2
What Units Shall We Use? Traits, Motives, And Cognitions 25
Trait Units of Personality 27
Early Trait Psychologists: Allport, Cattell, and Eysenck 27
Current Trait Theory: The Big Five and Five-Factor Models 29
Critique of Current Trait Theory 32
Motive Units of Personality 36
Pitchfork-Drive, Carrot-Incentive, and Cognitive Theories of Motivation 37
Pitchfork-Drive Theories of Motivation 38
Carrot-Incentive Theories of Motivation 39
Cognitive Theories of Motivation 41
Critique of the Motive Unit 42
Where Do Motives Come From? 42
Are There Universal Motives? 43
How Are Motives to Be Measured? 44
Cognitive Units of Personality 45
Cognitive Style 46
Cantor and Kihlstrom’s Social Intelligence 47
Social Cognition: Expectancies, Beliefs, Attributions 48
Critique of the Cognitive Model 49
What About the “Hot” Aspects of Personality Functioning? 50
What About Individual Differences and General Processes? 50
Relations Among the Units 51
Summary 54
CHAPTER 3
Am I Me Or Am I The Situation? Where We Stand In Relation To The Per-
son-Situation Controversy 55
The Dichotomy Between Internal and External Determinants of Behavior 58
The Person-Situation Debate: 1968-1988 *;59
The Mischel Challenge: 1968 60
The Response and Debate 62
The Interactionist View 66
Lessons Learned: 1988 70
The Simmering Controversy and the Attempt at Rapprochement 71
So What Is Known and Where Do We Go from Here? 75
Summary 76
CHAPTER 4
Is The Child Father To The Man?
The Longitudinal Consistency Of Personality 79
The Continuity of Personality: Concepts and Assessment 81
Evidence of Personality Continuity 85
Block’s Longitudinal Research 85
Kagan s Temperament Research 89
Caspi s Research on Behavioral Development 90
Magnusson s IDA Study 92
Sroufe s Attachment Research 94
Some Questions Concerning Continuity and the Reasons for It 97
What Do We Know and Where Do We Go from Here? 100
Summary 103
CHAPTER 5
The Nature-Nurture Controversy: Genes,
Environments, And Gene-Environment Interactions 105
The Goals and Methods of Behavior Genetics 109
The Nature and Nurture of Personality 113
Genetic and Environmental Factors in Personality: Intelligence 113
Genetic and Environmental Factors in Personality: Temperament
and the Big Five 117
Genetic and Environmental Factors in Personality: Gender Identity
and Sexual Behavior 122
Genetic and Environmental Factors in Personality: Psychopathology
and Behavior Problems 127
Conclusion 130
Summary 131
vi
CHAPTER 6
The Nature Of Human Nature:
Culture And The Search For Universals 133
Evolutionary Psychology and the Concept of a Universal Human Nature 137
Cognitive Functioning 139
Basic Emotions 142
Interpersonal Relations 144
Bowlby’s Attachment Theory 144
Male-Female Differences in Mate Preferences and Causes of
Jealousy 145
Culture and the Emphasis on Diversity 147
Cognitive Functioning 149
Culture and the Fundamental Attribution Error 149
Emotion 152
Interpersonal Functioning 153
Attachment Theory 153
Gender Differences 154
Evolutionary and Cultural Views: Is an Integrated View Possible? 156
Summary 157
CHAPTER 7
Is The Concept Of The Self Useful And Necessary? 159
Cognitive, Affective-Motivational, and Behavioral Aspects of the Self 162
The Cognitive Self: The Representation of Self in Everyday Life 162
One or Many Selves? 165
Affect and Motivation as Aspects of the Self-Concept 167
The Cognitive-Affective Crossfire 169
The Relationship of the Self to Behavior: The Presentation of Self
in Everyday Life 170
The Psychoanalytic Self and the Social Cognitive Self: Can We Put Our
Selves Together? 173
Evolutionary and Cultural Aspects of the Self 175
The Symbolic Self in Evolutionary Context 175
Cultural Aspects of the Self 177
Conclusion 181
Summary 183
CHAPTER 8
The Unconscious: What Is It? How Important? 187
Freud s Concept of the Unconscious 188
The New Look in Perception and a Return to Interest in Unconscious
Processes 191
The Psychoanalytic Unconscious 193
The Cognitive Unconscious 195
The Unconscious in Social Psychology 197
vii
Is There Evidence for the Mechanisms of Defense? 200
Defense Processes: Healthy or Sick? Good or Bad? 204
Recovered vs. False Memories 206
The Psychoanalytic Unconscious and the Cognitive Unconscious: Can We
Get Them Together? 207
Summary 209
CHAPTER 9
Why Do And Don ft People Change? 211
The Power of Suggestion 213
Theoretical Approaches to Change in Psychotherapy 215
Psychotherapy and Affective Modes of Change 215
Psychoanalysis 216
Rogerian and Experiential Psychotherapies 218
Behavior Change—Behavior Modification 219
Cognitive Modes of Change 220
Ellis s Rational-Emotive Therapy (RET) 221
Beck s Cognitive Therapy 223
Does Psychotherapy Work? Are Some Approaches More Effective than
Others? 224
The Effectiveness of Psychotherapy: Common or Specific Ingredients? 227
Ingredients Common to All Forms of Psychotherapy 227
Ingredients Specific to Each Form of Psychotherapy 230
Why Don t People Change? 232
Conclusion 233
Summary 234
CHAPTER 10
Mind, Brain, And Behavior:
Psychology, Biology, And The Question Of Reductionism 237
The Mind-Body Question: The Case of Mental Illness 238
The Mind-Body Question: Psychology and Biology as Disciplines 242
Some Historical Notes 244
Mind and Body: Illustrative Research 246
Stress and Illness 247
Social Support and Health 249
Views of the Mind-Body, Psychology-Biology Relationship 250
Psychology and Biology as Separate, Alternative Constructions 250
Psychology as Reducible to Biology 252
Psychological and Biological Levels of Explanation 253
Conclusion 256
Summary 256
CHAPTER 11
The Nature Of The Scientific Enterprise:
viii
Personal, Sociopolitical, And Ethical Features 259
Personal Factors in the Science of Personality 261
Social and Political Considerations 268
Social Darwinism, the Psychology of Sex Differences, and the
IQ Controversy 269
Conclusion 275
Ethics of the Scientific Enterprise 276
Milgram s Research on Obedience to Authority 276
Zimbardo s Prison Experiment 278
The Protection of Subjects and the Conduct of Research 279
Reporting of Results 281
Summary 283
References 285
Index 313
|
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| spelling | Pervin, Lawrence A. 1936- Verfasser (DE-588)131555804 aut Current controversies and issues in personality Lawrence A. Pervin, Rutgers University Third edition New York, NY John Wiley & Sons, Inc. [2002] VIII, 328 Seiten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Psychologie (DE-588)4047704-6 gnd rswk-swf Persönlichkeitsforschung (DE-588)4173865-2 gnd rswk-swf Persönlichkeitspsychologie (DE-588)4075996-9 gnd rswk-swf Persönlichkeitsforschung (DE-588)4173865-2 s Psychologie (DE-588)4047704-6 s DE-604 Persönlichkeitspsychologie (DE-588)4075996-9 s Digitalisierung UB Bamberg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029775627&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
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| title_full | Current controversies and issues in personality Lawrence A. Pervin, Rutgers University |
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| title_full_unstemmed | Current controversies and issues in personality Lawrence A. Pervin, Rutgers University |
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