Economic Development and Political Action in the Arab World:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Elektronisch E-Book |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Abingdon, Oxon
Routledge
2014
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Routledge explorations in development studies
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Beschreibung: | An alchemy of economic and political action -- State-building and state-society relations -- Elements of resource challenges -- Politics of resource conflicts -- Quiescence : regime type and government expenditure -- Paradigm error : unemployment, poverty and food insecurity -- Whither democracy and human rights : European-Mediterranean partnership? -- Divine altruism : politics of Islamic NGOs' interventions "Analysis of North African revolt against authoritarianism, known as the 'Arab Spring', embraced reductionist explanations such as the social media, youth unemployment and citizens' agitations to regain dignity in societies humiliated by oppressive regimes. This book illustrates that reductionist approaches can only elucidate some symptoms of a social problem while leaving unexplained the economic and political structures which contributed to it. One outcome of quiescence, resource-based ethnic and sectarian conflicts and faulty development paradigm is deepened inequality and a wedge between winners and losers or affluence, wealth and power vis-à-vis poverty and hunger among humiliated jobless and hope-less masses. The book blends theories of development and transition to explain the complex factors which contributed to North Africans' revolt against authoritarianism and its long-term consequences for political development in the Arab World. This timely book is of great interest to researchers and students in Development Studies, Economics and Middle Eastern Studies as well as policy makers and democracy, human rights and social justice activists in the Arab world"-- |
| Beschreibung: | 1 online resource |
| ISBN: | 1135081158 9781135081157 9780203067956 0203067959 |
Internformat
MARC
| LEADER | 00000nmm a2200000zc 4500 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 001 | BV044356690 | ||
| 003 | DE-604 | ||
| 005 | 00000000000000.0 | ||
| 007 | cr|uuu---uuuuu | ||
| 008 | 170620s2014 |||| o||u| ||||||eng d | ||
| 020 | |a 1135081158 |9 1-135-08115-8 | ||
| 020 | |a 9781135081157 |9 978-1-135-08115-7 | ||
| 020 | |a 9780203067956 |9 978-0-203-06795-6 | ||
| 020 | |a 0203067959 |9 0-203-06795-9 | ||
| 035 | |a (ZDB-4-NLEBK)ocn872619545 | ||
| 035 | |a (OCoLC)872619545 | ||
| 035 | |a (DE-599)BVBBV044356690 | ||
| 040 | |a DE-604 |b ger |e aacr | ||
| 041 | 0 | |a eng | |
| 082 | 0 | |a 23 | |
| 082 | 0 | |a 338.9 |2 22 | |
| 100 | 1 | |a Salih, Mohamed Abdel Rahim M. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Economic Development and Political Action in the Arab World |
| 264 | 1 | |a Abingdon, Oxon |b Routledge |c 2014 | |
| 300 | |a 1 online resource | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b c |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b cr |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 490 | 0 | |a Routledge explorations in development studies | |
| 500 | |a An alchemy of economic and political action -- State-building and state-society relations -- Elements of resource challenges -- Politics of resource conflicts -- Quiescence : regime type and government expenditure -- Paradigm error : unemployment, poverty and food insecurity -- Whither democracy and human rights : European-Mediterranean partnership? -- Divine altruism : politics of Islamic NGOs' interventions | ||
| 500 | |a "Analysis of North African revolt against authoritarianism, known as the 'Arab Spring', embraced reductionist explanations such as the social media, youth unemployment and citizens' agitations to regain dignity in societies humiliated by oppressive regimes. This book illustrates that reductionist approaches can only elucidate some symptoms of a social problem while leaving unexplained the economic and political structures which contributed to it. One outcome of quiescence, resource-based ethnic and sectarian conflicts and faulty development paradigm is deepened inequality and a wedge between winners and losers or affluence, wealth and power vis-à-vis poverty and hunger among humiliated jobless and hope-less masses. The book blends theories of development and transition to explain the complex factors which contributed to North Africans' revolt against authoritarianism and its long-term consequences for political development in the Arab World. This timely book is of great interest to researchers and students in Development Studies, Economics and Middle Eastern Studies as well as policy makers and democracy, human rights and social justice activists in the Arab world"-- | ||
| 610 | 1 | 7 | |a Arab Spring (2010- ) |2 fast |
| 648 | 7 | |a 1900 - 2099 |2 fast | |
| 650 | 7 | |a BUSINESS & ECONOMICS / Industries / General |2 bisacsh | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Authoritarianism |2 fast | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Diplomatic relations |2 fast | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Economic development |2 fast | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Economic policy |2 fast | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Economics |2 fast | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Income distribution |2 fast | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Politics and government |2 fast | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Poverty |2 fast | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Unemployment |2 fast | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Diplomatische Beziehungen | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Industrie | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Politik | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Wirtschaft | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Wirtschaftsentwicklung | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Wirtschaftspolitik | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Arab Spring, 2010- |x Economic aspects | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Economic development |z Arab countries | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Income distribution |z Arab countries | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Unemployment |z Arab countries | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Poverty |z Arab countries | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Authoritarianism |z Arab countries | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Wirtschaftsentwicklung |0 (DE-588)4066438-7 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Politik |0 (DE-588)4046514-7 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 651 | 7 | |a Arabische Staaten |0 (DE-588)4068789-2 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Arabische Staaten |0 (DE-588)4068789-2 |D g |
| 689 | 0 | 1 | |a Wirtschaftsentwicklung |0 (DE-588)4066438-7 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 2 | |a Politik |0 (DE-588)4046514-7 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | |8 1\p |5 DE-604 | |
| 776 | 0 | 8 | |i Erscheint auch als |n Druck-Ausgabe |a Salih, Mohamed Abdel Rahim M. (Mohamed Abdel Rahim Mohamed) |t Economic Development and Political Action in the Arab World |d Abingdon, Oxon : Routledge, 2014 |z 9780415813754 |z 0415813751 |
| 912 | |a ZDB-4-NLEBK | ||
| 999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-029759322 | ||
| 883 | 1 | |8 1\p |a cgwrk |d 20201028 |q DE-101 |u https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk | |
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804177601051230208 |
|---|---|
| any_adam_object | |
| author | Salih, Mohamed Abdel Rahim M. |
| author_facet | Salih, Mohamed Abdel Rahim M. |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Salih, Mohamed Abdel Rahim M. |
| author_variant | m a r m s marm marms |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV044356690 |
| collection | ZDB-4-NLEBK |
| ctrlnum | (ZDB-4-NLEBK)ocn872619545 (OCoLC)872619545 (DE-599)BVBBV044356690 |
| dewey-full | 23 338.9 |
| dewey-hundreds | 000 - Computer science, information, general works 300 - Social sciences |
| dewey-ones | 023 - Personnel management 338 - Production |
| dewey-raw | 23 338.9 |
| dewey-search | 23 338.9 |
| dewey-sort | 223 |
| dewey-tens | 020 - Library and information sciences 330 - Economics |
| discipline | Wirtschaftswissenschaften Theologie / Religionswissenschaften |
| era | 1900 - 2099 fast |
| era_facet | 1900 - 2099 |
| format | Electronic eBook |
| fullrecord | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>04347nmm a2200757zc 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">BV044356690</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-604</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">00000000000000.0</controlfield><controlfield tag="007">cr|uuu---uuuuu</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">170620s2014 |||| o||u| ||||||eng d</controlfield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">1135081158</subfield><subfield code="9">1-135-08115-8</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">9781135081157</subfield><subfield code="9">978-1-135-08115-7</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">9780203067956</subfield><subfield code="9">978-0-203-06795-6</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">0203067959</subfield><subfield code="9">0-203-06795-9</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(ZDB-4-NLEBK)ocn872619545</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)872619545</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)BVBBV044356690</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-604</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="e">aacr</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="082" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">23</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="082" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">338.9</subfield><subfield code="2">22</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Salih, Mohamed Abdel Rahim M.</subfield><subfield code="e">Verfasser</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Economic Development and Political Action in the Arab World</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Abingdon, Oxon</subfield><subfield code="b">Routledge</subfield><subfield code="c">2014</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">1 online resource</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">c</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">cr</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="490" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Routledge explorations in development studies</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="500" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">An alchemy of economic and political action -- State-building and state-society relations -- Elements of resource challenges -- Politics of resource conflicts -- Quiescence : regime type and government expenditure -- Paradigm error : unemployment, poverty and food insecurity -- Whither democracy and human rights : European-Mediterranean partnership? -- Divine altruism : politics of Islamic NGOs' interventions</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="500" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">"Analysis of North African revolt against authoritarianism, known as the 'Arab Spring', embraced reductionist explanations such as the social media, youth unemployment and citizens' agitations to regain dignity in societies humiliated by oppressive regimes. This book illustrates that reductionist approaches can only elucidate some symptoms of a social problem while leaving unexplained the economic and political structures which contributed to it. One outcome of quiescence, resource-based ethnic and sectarian conflicts and faulty development paradigm is deepened inequality and a wedge between winners and losers or affluence, wealth and power vis-à-vis poverty and hunger among humiliated jobless and hope-less masses. The book blends theories of development and transition to explain the complex factors which contributed to North Africans' revolt against authoritarianism and its long-term consequences for political development in the Arab World. This timely book is of great interest to researchers and students in Development Studies, Economics and Middle Eastern Studies as well as policy makers and democracy, human rights and social justice activists in the Arab world"--</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="610" ind1="1" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Arab Spring (2010- )</subfield><subfield code="2">fast</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="648" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">1900 - 2099</subfield><subfield code="2">fast</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">BUSINESS & ECONOMICS / Industries / General</subfield><subfield code="2">bisacsh</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Authoritarianism</subfield><subfield code="2">fast</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Diplomatic relations</subfield><subfield code="2">fast</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Economic development</subfield><subfield code="2">fast</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Economic policy</subfield><subfield code="2">fast</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Economics</subfield><subfield code="2">fast</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Income distribution</subfield><subfield code="2">fast</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Politics and government</subfield><subfield code="2">fast</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Poverty</subfield><subfield code="2">fast</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Unemployment</subfield><subfield code="2">fast</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Diplomatische Beziehungen</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Industrie</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Politik</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Wirtschaft</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Wirtschaftsentwicklung</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Wirtschaftspolitik</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Arab Spring, 2010-</subfield><subfield code="x">Economic aspects</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Economic development</subfield><subfield code="z">Arab countries</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Income distribution</subfield><subfield code="z">Arab countries</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Unemployment</subfield><subfield code="z">Arab countries</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Poverty</subfield><subfield code="z">Arab countries</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Authoritarianism</subfield><subfield code="z">Arab countries</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Wirtschaftsentwicklung</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4066438-7</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Politik</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4046514-7</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="651" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Arabische Staaten</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4068789-2</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Arabische Staaten</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4068789-2</subfield><subfield code="D">g</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Wirtschaftsentwicklung</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4066438-7</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="2"><subfield code="a">Politik</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4046514-7</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="8">1\p</subfield><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="776" ind1="0" ind2="8"><subfield code="i">Erscheint auch als</subfield><subfield code="n">Druck-Ausgabe</subfield><subfield code="a">Salih, Mohamed Abdel Rahim M. (Mohamed Abdel Rahim Mohamed)</subfield><subfield code="t">Economic Development and Political Action in the Arab World</subfield><subfield code="d">Abingdon, Oxon : Routledge, 2014</subfield><subfield code="z">9780415813754</subfield><subfield code="z">0415813751</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">ZDB-4-NLEBK</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="999" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-029759322</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="883" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="8">1\p</subfield><subfield code="a">cgwrk</subfield><subfield code="d">20201028</subfield><subfield code="q">DE-101</subfield><subfield code="u">https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk</subfield></datafield></record></collection> |
| geographic | Arabische Staaten (DE-588)4068789-2 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Arabische Staaten |
| id | DE-604.BV044356690 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T07:50:40Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 1135081158 9781135081157 9780203067956 0203067959 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-029759322 |
| oclc_num | 872619545 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| physical | 1 online resource |
| psigel | ZDB-4-NLEBK |
| publishDate | 2014 |
| publishDateSearch | 2014 |
| publishDateSort | 2014 |
| publisher | Routledge |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Routledge explorations in development studies |
| spelling | Salih, Mohamed Abdel Rahim M. Verfasser aut Economic Development and Political Action in the Arab World Abingdon, Oxon Routledge 2014 1 online resource txt rdacontent c rdamedia cr rdacarrier Routledge explorations in development studies An alchemy of economic and political action -- State-building and state-society relations -- Elements of resource challenges -- Politics of resource conflicts -- Quiescence : regime type and government expenditure -- Paradigm error : unemployment, poverty and food insecurity -- Whither democracy and human rights : European-Mediterranean partnership? -- Divine altruism : politics of Islamic NGOs' interventions "Analysis of North African revolt against authoritarianism, known as the 'Arab Spring', embraced reductionist explanations such as the social media, youth unemployment and citizens' agitations to regain dignity in societies humiliated by oppressive regimes. This book illustrates that reductionist approaches can only elucidate some symptoms of a social problem while leaving unexplained the economic and political structures which contributed to it. One outcome of quiescence, resource-based ethnic and sectarian conflicts and faulty development paradigm is deepened inequality and a wedge between winners and losers or affluence, wealth and power vis-à-vis poverty and hunger among humiliated jobless and hope-less masses. The book blends theories of development and transition to explain the complex factors which contributed to North Africans' revolt against authoritarianism and its long-term consequences for political development in the Arab World. This timely book is of great interest to researchers and students in Development Studies, Economics and Middle Eastern Studies as well as policy makers and democracy, human rights and social justice activists in the Arab world"-- Arab Spring (2010- ) fast 1900 - 2099 fast BUSINESS & ECONOMICS / Industries / General bisacsh Authoritarianism fast Diplomatic relations fast Economic development fast Economic policy fast Economics fast Income distribution fast Politics and government fast Poverty fast Unemployment fast Diplomatische Beziehungen Industrie Politik Wirtschaft Wirtschaftsentwicklung Wirtschaftspolitik Arab Spring, 2010- Economic aspects Economic development Arab countries Income distribution Arab countries Unemployment Arab countries Poverty Arab countries Authoritarianism Arab countries Wirtschaftsentwicklung (DE-588)4066438-7 gnd rswk-swf Politik (DE-588)4046514-7 gnd rswk-swf Arabische Staaten (DE-588)4068789-2 gnd rswk-swf Arabische Staaten (DE-588)4068789-2 g Wirtschaftsentwicklung (DE-588)4066438-7 s Politik (DE-588)4046514-7 s 1\p DE-604 Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Salih, Mohamed Abdel Rahim M. (Mohamed Abdel Rahim Mohamed) Economic Development and Political Action in the Arab World Abingdon, Oxon : Routledge, 2014 9780415813754 0415813751 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Salih, Mohamed Abdel Rahim M. Economic Development and Political Action in the Arab World Arab Spring (2010- ) fast BUSINESS & ECONOMICS / Industries / General bisacsh Authoritarianism fast Diplomatic relations fast Economic development fast Economic policy fast Economics fast Income distribution fast Politics and government fast Poverty fast Unemployment fast Diplomatische Beziehungen Industrie Politik Wirtschaft Wirtschaftsentwicklung Wirtschaftspolitik Arab Spring, 2010- Economic aspects Economic development Arab countries Income distribution Arab countries Unemployment Arab countries Poverty Arab countries Authoritarianism Arab countries Wirtschaftsentwicklung (DE-588)4066438-7 gnd Politik (DE-588)4046514-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4066438-7 (DE-588)4046514-7 (DE-588)4068789-2 |
| title | Economic Development and Political Action in the Arab World |
| title_auth | Economic Development and Political Action in the Arab World |
| title_exact_search | Economic Development and Political Action in the Arab World |
| title_full | Economic Development and Political Action in the Arab World |
| title_fullStr | Economic Development and Political Action in the Arab World |
| title_full_unstemmed | Economic Development and Political Action in the Arab World |
| title_short | Economic Development and Political Action in the Arab World |
| title_sort | economic development and political action in the arab world |
| topic | Arab Spring (2010- ) fast BUSINESS & ECONOMICS / Industries / General bisacsh Authoritarianism fast Diplomatic relations fast Economic development fast Economic policy fast Economics fast Income distribution fast Politics and government fast Poverty fast Unemployment fast Diplomatische Beziehungen Industrie Politik Wirtschaft Wirtschaftsentwicklung Wirtschaftspolitik Arab Spring, 2010- Economic aspects Economic development Arab countries Income distribution Arab countries Unemployment Arab countries Poverty Arab countries Authoritarianism Arab countries Wirtschaftsentwicklung (DE-588)4066438-7 gnd Politik (DE-588)4046514-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Arab Spring (2010- ) BUSINESS & ECONOMICS / Industries / General Authoritarianism Diplomatic relations Economic development Economic policy Economics Income distribution Politics and government Poverty Unemployment Diplomatische Beziehungen Industrie Politik Wirtschaft Wirtschaftsentwicklung Wirtschaftspolitik Arab Spring, 2010- Economic aspects Economic development Arab countries Income distribution Arab countries Unemployment Arab countries Poverty Arab countries Authoritarianism Arab countries Arabische Staaten |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT salihmohamedabdelrahimm economicdevelopmentandpoliticalactioninthearabworld |