On the margins: essays on the history of Jews in Estonia
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Budapest ; New York
Central European University Press
[2017]
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Literaturverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register |
| Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Beschreibung: | xviii, 312 Seiten |
| ISBN: | 9789633861653 |
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Table of Contents
List of Tables ix
Acknowledgments xi
Preface (by Antony Polonsky) xiii
Studying Estonian Jewish History: A Professional and Personal
Journey 1
1. New in Town: Jews in Narva, 1874-1917 31
2. Thanks to the Germans! Jewish Cultural Autonomy in Interwar
Estonia 69
3. The Soviet Occupation of Estonia in 1940—41 and the Jews 95
4. Accidentally Jewish: Helmut Weiss and the (Il)logic of
Political Violence in Hitler’s Germany and Stalin’s Russia 115
5. Ordinary People Facing the Holocaust: The Estonian Security
Police Investigation Files, 1941-42 143
6. The End Complete: The Destruction of Jews in Provincial 165
Cities
7. The Business of Survival: Baltic Oil Ltd. and Jewish Forced
Labor Camps in Estonia 197
8. Estonian Perpetrators of the Holocaust in the Annals of the
Cold War: The Prosecution of War Criminals in the Soviet
Union, 1943-1987 221
9. Why the Holocaust Does Not Matter to Estonians 243
Appendix: Primary Sources on Estonian Jewish History until 1941 277
Select Bibliography 283
Index 293
Appendix
Primary Sources on Estonian
Jewish History until 1941
Digitalized collections underlined (e.g. F. 14)
Estonian National Archives {Eesti Rahvusarhiiv or ERA) in Tallinn
F. 14 (composite collection: Ministry of the Interior)
Files on Individual Jews Seeking Estonian Citizenship, 1919-40
1,023 files
Registration of Jewish Organizations, 1919^-0
105 files
F. 148 (composite collection: credit institutions), 1872-1950
4984 files
Tallinn Jewish Credit Bank
Tartu Jewish Credit Bank
Tallinn Jewish Savings and Loan Institution
F. 975 B. Minkov Sons sawmill, Ltd., 1919-40
338files
F. 1107 Cultural Autonomy of the Jewish Minority in Estonia, (1919) 1926-40
228 files
F. 2199 [Soviet] Commission for the Liquidation of Jewish Associations and Organiza-
tions in Estonia, 1940
20 files
F. 2273 Tartu Jewish Cultural Board, 1927-40
19 files
F. 2274 Valga Jewish J. A. Peretz Literary-Drama Society, 1920-31
8 files
F. 2275 Voru-Petseri Jewish Cultural Board, 1926-40
14 files
F. 2276 Pärnu Jewish Cultural Board, 1926-34
8 files
F. 2277 Viljandi Jewish Cultural Board, 1926-40
14 files
F. 2278 Narva Jewish Cultural Board, 1926-40
22 files
F. 2279 Valga Jewish Cultural Board, 1926-40
28 files
F. 2280 Tartu Jewish Cultural Association Sholem Aleichem, 1928—40
9 files
278
On the Margins
F. 2282 Physician Nosson Gens, 1905-40
43 files
F. 2283 Tartu Jewish National Club, (1887) 1917-40
127 files
F. 2284 Tartu Jewish Congregation, 1861-1940
106 files
F. 2285 Tartu Jewish Welfare Agency, 1898-1940
26 files
F. 2286 Newspaper Juudi Sona Editorial Board (correspondence), 1920
I file
F. 2289 Tartu Jewish Student Fund, 1898-1928
16 files
F. 2290 Valga Jewish Sports Club Maccabi, 1917-20
1 file
F. 2291 Limuvia Fraternity Alumni Association (The University of Tartu), 1929-36
3 files
F. 2292 Limuvia Fraternity, 1882-1940
301 files
118 files (academic paper abstracts)
F. 2293 University Student Club Hasmonea, 1923-40
6 files
F. 2294 Jewish Academic Historical and Literary Society, 1883-1940
259files
F. 2296 Jewish University Student Club Fratemitas Osidia, 1926-31
13 files
F. 2297 Estonian Jewish Communities Association, 1919-31
14 flies
F. 2373 Valga Jewish Congregation, 1909-29
18 files
F. 2495 Tartu Jewish Youth Organization for the Study of History Literature Hait-
Hio, 1919-24
2 files
F. 2496 Newspaper Kodimo Editorial Board (correspondence), 1919
I file
F. 2688 Tartu Jewish Physicians Association, 1935-38
3 flies
F. 2760 (composite collection: women associations), 1906-40
344files
Pärnu Jewish Women Association Zdako
Zionist Jewish Women Association Jung WIZO
F. 2800, (composite collection: educational organizations), 1886-1940 (1943)
779files
Pärnu Jewish Educational Society
F. 3242 (composite collection: teachers associations), 1917-40
232 files
Jewish Teachers Association
Appendix
279
F. 3326 J. H. Kaplan’s Steam Mill, 1924-40
6 files
F. 3506 (composite collection: elementary schools in Valga), 1915-44
128 files
Valga Jewish Open Elementary School
19 files
F. 4167 Jewish School Board in Estonia, 1928^41
9 files
F. 4484 Attorney Samuel Levitin Paul Kako, 1928—40
50 files
F. 4485. Attorney Boris Kropman, 1927-40
50 files
F. 4653 Kaplan Press Clothing Store (accountancy books), 1918-28
2 files
Estonian National Branch Archives {Eesti Rahvusarhiivi Filiaal or
ERAF)in Tallinn
F. 2-M/Q (composite collection: Soviet deportations in Estonia in 1941 and 1945)
Individual Files of Jews Deported from Estonia on June 14, 1941
102 files
Tallinn City Archives {Tallinna Linnaarhiiv or TLA)
F. 11 Jewish Cultural Association Licht, 1926-40
17 files
F. 13 Tallinn Jewish Private High School Alumni Association, 1936-41
8 files
F. R-389 Tallinn Jewish Cultural Center, 1940-41
6 files
F. 855 Tallinn Jewish Elementary School, 1913-23
Tallinn Jewish Private High School and Elementary School, 1913—40
9 files
F. 1383 Jewish Social Club, 1918^10
66 files
F. 1384 Tallinn Jewish Charitable Organization Zdoko-Gdoilo, 1927-40
78 files
F. 1385 Jewish Merchant and Industrialist Association, 1930-40
10 files
F. 1386 Tallinn Jewish Bridge Player’s Club, 1936-40
8 files
F. 1387 Tallinn Jewish Community (inclusive of registers of births, marriages, and
deaths, 1866-1926), 1859-1940
278 files
F. 1388 Max Nordau Tallinn Jewish Youth Club, 1921-22
2 files
280
On the Margins
F. 1389 Tallinn Jewish Communal Bank, 1940—41
23 files
Estonian Historical Archives {Eesti Ajalooarhiiv or EAA) in Tartu
F. 402.2 (composite collection: Imperial University of Tartu)
Student files
F. 1455 Tartu (Derpt/Yuriev) Merchant Dynasty Selmanovich, 1884—1939
7 files
F. 2037 Tartu (Derpt/Yuriev) Jewish Private Elementary School, 1876-1925
Tartu Jewish Elementary School no. 17, 1926-41
443 files
F. 2038 Tartu Jewish Private Secondary School, 1926-36
Tartu Jewish Private Vocational School, 1937^41
251 files
F. 2039 Moisei Pikarevich Company in Tallinn (Reval), 1895-1917
5 files
F. 2100 (composite collection: The University of Tartu)
157 Limuvia Fraternity Membership Lists, 1933-38
360 Academica Fraternity and Jewish Academic Historical and Liter-
ary Society, 1918
27 Academica Fraternity and Jewish Academic Historical and Liter-
ary Society, Charter and Membership Lists, 1920-41
150 Hazfiro Sorority Charter and Membership lists, 1929-38
158 The Establishment of a Chair in Judaic Studies at the University
of Tartu, 1929-41
159 Chair in Judaic Studies at the University of Tartu, Charter and
Correspondence, 1936-37
160 Jewish Student Fund, Charter and Membership Lists, 1920-39
161 Chair in Judaic Studies at the University of Tartu, Doctoral Exams
(Salomon Herbst, Kálmán Chameides, Samson Weiss, Moses
Ziegler), 1936-37
197 Limuvia Fraternity, Charter and Correspondence, 1940
291 Jewish Learned Society Satal, Charter and Membership Lists,
1932-39
F. 5413 Tartu Jewish Congregation, Register of Births, Marriages, and Deaths,
1861-99,1906-26
75 files
F. 5417 Narva Jewish Congregation, Register of Births, Marriages, and Deaths,
1911-26
27 files
F. 5419 Valga Jewish Congregation, Register of Births, Marriages, and Deaths,
1919-25
1 file
F. 5420 Viljandi Jewish Congregation, Register of Births, Marriages, and Deaths,
1917-26
1 file
Appendix
281
F. 5421 Vdru Jewish Congregation, Register of Births, Marriages, and Deaths,
1883-1926
2 files
F. 5422 Rakvere Jewish Congregation, Register of Births, Marriages, and Deaths,
1921-26
1 file
The University of Tartu Library (Tartu Ulikooli Raamatukogu or
TUR), Manuscript and Rare Book Division
47 Lazar Gulkovich, Chair of the Judaic Studies Department at the University
of Tartu, 1908-A1
20 files
55.1 (composite collection: The University of Tartu, 1802-1919)
219 Tartu Jewish Student Fund, 1911-12
229 Tartu Jewish Student Fund, 1911
Jewish Historical Institute Centropa in Vienna
{http://www. centropa. org/)
Oral history interviews with Estonian Jews
Amalia Blank (b. 1910)
Revekka Blumberg (b. 1937)
Perle Liya Epshteyn (b. 1930)
Etta Ferdmann (b. 1934)
Leo Ginovker (b. 1914)
Margarita Kamiyenovskaya (b. 1917)
Liya Kaplan (b. 1922)
Ester Khanson (b. 1919)
Anatoli Kraemer (b. 1924)
Dina Kuremaa (b. 1926)
Henrich Kurizkes (b. 1924)
Ruth Laane (b. 1938)
Cilja Laud (b. 1938)
Bluma Lepiku (b. 1926)
Rachel Randvee (b. 1929)
Simon Rapoport (b. 1924)
Boris Rubinstein (b. 1929)
Elkhonen Saks (b. 1927)
Juliana Sharik (b. 1938)
Siima Shkop (b. 1920)
Ruth Strazh (b. 1925)
Mariasha Vasserman (b. 1928)
Masha Zakh(b. 1936)
Sarah Zauer (b. 1923)
282
On the Margins
Estonian Jewish Museum in Tallinn (http://www.eja.prLee/)
Selected documents under the following categories: history, education, Holocaust and
antisemitism, genealogy, Jewish community, Jewish place names, memoirs, Jewish or-
ganizations prior to 1940, religion, sport, arts science, business, varia.
Index
IV Ukrainian Front, Soviet, 225
Vili Army, Soviet, 110
IX Fort mass execution site at Kaunas, 244
10% Aktionen, 217. See also mass
executions
XVI Army, German, 210
XVIII Army, German, 202
XVIII police battalion, Latvian, 231
XXII Estonian Territorial Corps, Soviet,
111
XXVI Army Corps, German, 202
XXXIII police battalion, Estonian, 174
287 police battalion, Estonian, 208-9, 244
290 police battalion, Estonian, 208-9, 244
A
Abramovich, Movsha, 39^-0
Abramson, Josell, 153
Abramson, Mendel Leib, 53
Adenauer, Konrad, 232
Adler, Nanci, 138
Afghanistan, Soviet invasion of in 1979,
238
Africans, 265
Agudes yisroel, 73
Ahmadinejad, Mahmoud, 262
Ahtme, 210
Aisenstadt, Hirsh, 86
Alaots, Riva, 184
Alaots, Victor, 184
Album Academicum Universitatis
Tartuensis 1918-1944, 7
Alderman, Sidney, 227
Algeria, 227
Allen, Michael Thad, 200
Alliance of Russian Educational and
Philanthropic Associations, 90
Allies, 222-26, 228
Allikvee, Rudolf, 193
Altshuler, Mordechai, 100
Äly, Götz, 144
American Jews, The, 22
American Joint Distribution Committee,
71,75, 78, 96
Americans, 223, 228, 235, 238-39, 258,
266
Amitan-Wilensky, Ella, 3
amnesty of 1955, 230
Angelus, Dr. Oskar, 159
Anglo-Saxon legal tradition. See common
law
“Anti-Semite and Jew,” 267
antisemitic literature, 21—22, 261-63
antisemitism, 1-2, 4, 12, 19, 30, 33, 73, 76,
92, 97-99, 101, 107, 111, 134, 139,
144, 158, 164, 243, 253-56, 260-71,
273-76
Arabs, 265. See also Muslims
Arad, Yitzhak, 207
Arājs Commando in Latvia, 244. See also
mass executions; Nazi mass murder
Arbeiter-Illustrierte-Zeitung (AIZ), 129
Arbeitersstimme newspaper, 124
Ardla, Elmar, 174, 177, 179-80
Arens, Olev, 155-56
294
Index
Argentina, 231, 246. See also Eichmann,
Adolf
Ariste, Paul, 6, 13
Arkhangelsk, 62
Armenians, 255
Army Group Narva, German, 215
Army Group North, German, 205-6, 210,
213-14
Army Group North Rear Areas, German,
195
Army High Command, German, 205, 210-
11,216, 225
Aronovich, Hessel, 153
Art, Oskar, 181
Article 35, 108-9, See also Russian Penal
Code; Soviet terror
Article 48, 233. See also Russian Penal
Code; Soviet terror
Article 58, 109, 133, 227. See also
counterrevolutionary crimes, alleged;
Russian Penal Code; Soviet terror
Aseri, 208
Ashmiany, 60
Association of Estonian History Teachers,
272,274
Audrini, mass execution at, 231
Augustin, Yitzhak, 44
Aumeier, Hans, 208, 212, 214, 217
Auschwitz Commemoration Day. See
Holocaust Commemoration Day
Auschwitz-Birkenau death camp, 11, 29,
208,212,218, 244, 262, 275
Australia, 234-36
Australian Communist Party, 235-36
Austria, 75, 86, 93, 108, 116, 122-23, 185֊
86, 198
Autonomous Republic of Volga Germans,
127, 129
Auvere, 208
B
Baatz, Bernhard, 193,211,215
Babadzhan, Isaac, 185
Babi Yar mass execution site at Kiev, 29.
See also mass executions
Ballak, Hirsh, 153
Baltié Germán Party, 81-82, 91
Baltic Germans, 16, 21, 31, 45, 69, 72-85,
87-93, 166
Baltic Oil Ltd., 203-17 See alsó
Continental Oil; oil reflneries; shale oil
Baltic Sea, 168, 202, 206
Baltic States, 1, 4, 6, 14, 17, 28, 33, 70, 73-
74, 77-78, 81, 86, 101, 159, 162, 201-
2, 206-7, 210, 218, 223, 231, 235, 245,
249, 251-52, 256, 275. See alsó Latvia;
Lithuania
Bankier, Dávid, 143-44
Baskin, Eino, 2-3
Baskin, Israel, 150, 254
Bass, Abe, 148^19
Bausk. See Bauska
Bauska, 62
BBC, 193
Beek, Magda, 185
Beilinson, Benjámin, 166
Beilis Affair, 56
Belorussia, 230-31
Belorussians, 257
Belostotsky, Leiser, 44
Bergmann, Heinrich, 232
Beria, Lavreny, 135-36, 228. See alsó
Great Terror; Soviet terror
Berias, Sámuel Omer, 42
Berishansky, Mikhail, 42
Berlin, 87, 91, 99, 125, 129, 185-86, 188,
203,205,211,219, 230, 246
Bemays, Murray, 227
Berson, Berka, 39^41
Berson, Israel, 102, 109
Berson, Shore Ester, 105
Beshkin, León, 49
Bessarabia, 17
Beszterce, 212-13, 218
Bim, Ruth Bettina, 10, 199
Black Sea, 62, 206
Blobel Kommandó, 181-82. See alsó mass
executions
Blondes, Dávid, 40-41
Blumberg, Jossel, 194
Bober, Meir, 51
Bobruisk, 62
Bodman, Dr. Báron Franz von, 216-18
Index
295
Bohemia and Moravia, 71. See also
Protectorate of Bohemia and
Moravia
Bolshevik Revolution, 15, 23, 32, 37, 45,
264
Bolsheviks, 82, 100-1, 112, 119, 187. See
also communists
Bolshevism, 91, 158
Bonn, 232-33
boycott of Jewish businesses, 76
book burning, 134
Borukhov, Alexander, 48-49
Boston, 29
Brandeis University, 29
Brandt, Ema Asta, 126, 128-29, 135-36,
139
Brenner, Nahum, 44
Brenner, Rochelle Riva, 185-86
Brisk, Elias, 190-91
British, 223, 228, 235
British Mandate of Palestine, 75, 107. See
also Palestine
Brodsky, Ella, 155
Browning, Christopher, 27, 143, 197-98,
200,219
Bruchfeld, Stephane, 248
Brussels, 249
Buchenwald concentration camp, 136
Budapest, 28
Bund, General Jewish Labor, 96, 110
Burmistrovich, David, 100
Bykhov, 62
bystanders, notion of, 11, 143^44
C
camp guards, 168, 173-74, 176-82, 208-9,
231,244
Canada, 10, 86, 234
Canadian Justice Department, 10
Cantonists, 32, 57. See also conscription
Carinthia, 86
Carpathian region, 198
Catherine, Empress II, 33
Caucasus, 202
cemeteries. See Jewish cemeteries
Central European University, 28
Central Office for the Prosecution of Nazi
Crimes in Ludwigsburg, 199, 232-33
Centropa, a Jewish historical institute, 12
Chase, William, 119
Chernigov, 62
Chertkova, Feiga, 41
Chervonohrad, 123
Chief Prosecutor’s Office, Soviet, 221
Christians, 38, 48, 59-61, 158
Churchill, Winston, 223, 225-26, 228. See
also “Iron Curtain” speech,
civil law, 227. See also common law
Cold War, 2, 17, 19, 221^42
collaboration in the Holocaust, 11, 18, 25-
27, 29-30, 143-64, 172-82, 187, 222-
23, 248-50, 253, 255, 264, 269-70,
272-76
collectivization of agriculture, Soviet, 118
Columbia University, 28
Comintern, purges in, 116-17, 119, 125-
33, 139
Commission for the Investigation of
Crimes against Humanity, Estonian,
10-11,248-52
Commission for the Liquidation of Jewish
Associations and Organizations, Soviet,
101
common law, 227. See also civil law
Communist ideology, 17,21, 124
Communist Party. See Australian
Communist Party; Estonian Communist
Party; German Communist Party;
Soviet Communist Party
communist propaganda. See Soviet propa-
ganda
Communist putsch of 1924. See coup d’etat
of 1924, attempted communist
communists, 158, 161-63, 166-67, 171,
181, 186, 189, 255.
concentration camp system, Nazi, 198-200,
217,244
confiscation of Jewish property, German,
18, 144, 165, 173, 178, 187-95. See
also nationalization of Jewish property,
Soviet
Congress of the Jewish Communities in
Estonia (1919), 84
296
Index
conscription, 32-33, 58. See also
Cantonists
Continental Oil, 202-3, 210. See also
Baltic Oil Ltd., oil refineries; shale oil
Convention for the Prevention and
Punishment of Terrorism (1937), 226
counterrevolutionary crimes, alleged, 109,
133, 135, 227. See also Comintern,
purges in; Great Terror; Russian Penal
Code; Soviet terror
coup d’etat of 1934, 69, 88
coup d’etat of 1924, attempted communist,
80-81, 174
Courland province, 31, 33, 61, 62
Courtois, Stéphane, 121
crimes against humanity, 251, 272-73
Czechoslovakia, 124, 126, 129, 205, 219,
230-31,237, 244-45,252
Czech language, 185
Czechs, 71, 108
D
Daily News, 239
Dal, Oleg, 118
Danzig, 214
Daugavpils, 53, 62
death toll, 2, 18-19, 25, 121, 145, 165-71,
179, 181-82,216-18, 230-31,
244-45
Delfi Internet portal, 256, 263-64, 266-69
denaturalization trials in the United States,
222, 246. See also Office of Special
Investigations (OSI); United States
Justice Department
denunciations, 53, 131-32, 135, 149-52,
163,256
deportations. See Soviet mass deportations
Desbois, Father Patrick, 145
Deutsche Zentral-Zeitung (DZZ), 128,
130-31,133,135
Dolinka, 137
Donda, Mack, 52
Donits, Leiba Jossif, 39
Dorbek, Peeter, 193-94
Domberger, Emma, 128-29
Dostoyevsky, Fyodor, 123
Dresden, 21, 123-25, 129, 132, 134, 136,
138
Dresdner Bank, 199
Dreyer, Elias, 186
Druja, 62
Druskineki. See Druskininkai
Druskininkai, 62
Dubin, Ilya, 23
Dubnov, Simon, 85, 188
Dulag, 205, 208. See also Baltic Oil, Ltd.;
Jewish forced labor camps; shale oil
Dünaburg. See Daugavpils
Dusman, Alexander, 258-59
Dvinsk. See Daugavpils
Dworzecki, Dr. Mark, 9, 28, 199-200
E
East Central Europe, 12, 69-71, 75-77, 92.
See also Europe; Eastem Europe
East European Jewish Affairs, 16
East Germany, 130. See also Germany;
West Germany
East Prussia, 213-14
Eastem Europe, 1, 18-20, 27, 79, 87, 89-
90, 144-47, 164, 186, 195, 197, 206-
207, 218-19, 238, 243-44, 247, 249,
253, 257, 275. See also East Central
Europe; Europe
Eastem Wall fortification, 18
Economic Inspectorate Ostland, 206-207,
210
Eelmets, Arnold, 178
Eelmets, Evald, 178
Eelmest, Karl, 181
Eelnurm, Vello, 166
Eesti Ekspress, 29, 253, 270
Ehajärv, Helmi, 194
Ehrlich, Herman, 178
Eichmann, Adolf, 9, 186, 231-32
Einbund, Karl, 82
Einsatzgruppen of the German Security
Police, 145, 272-73. See also “Final
Solution of the Jewish Question”;
German Security Police in Estonia;
Nazi mass murder
Eisenstadt, Leonid, 106
Index
297
Eitelberg, Eduard, 155-56
Elian, Elias, 183
Elian, Elisabeth, 183
Elk, Karl, 178, 180
Emajögi River, 173
emigres, of East European descent, 222,
233, 236, 239-40, 249, 258
Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, 198
Engel, David, 27-28
Engels, 127, 129
England, See Great Britain
English language, 12
Entartete Kunst exhibition, 134
Epstein, Helene, 182
Epstein, Moshe, 44
Epstein, Salomon, 148^19, 155, 182
Ereda, 208,213,218
Erelt, Pekka, 29, 270
Eres, Rosalie, 175
Emesaks, Arnold Friedrich, 154
Estonia, 1941-1945, 10-11, 199, 248-52
Estonian Army, 88, 165, 172-73
Estonian Art Museum, 187
Estonian citizenship, 14, 18, 30, 77, 83-85,
98
Estonian Communist Party, 6, 96, 103-6,
111,233-35
Estonian Constitution, 77, 83, 88
Estonian flag, 106, 167
Estonian-German relations, 90-92, 99-100
Estonian government, 2, 16, 69, 76, 80-82,
84—85, 87, 90-92, 101, 106, 257-58,
262
Estonian guerillas, anti-Soviet, 146, 171,
194, 230, 251
Estonian Historical Archives, 7, 23, 27, 32
Estonian Jewish community, since 1988, 1,
9, 12-13, 115, 257-60
Estonian Jewish Museum, 1-3, 12, 14—15
Estonian language, 9, 12, 25, 27, 72, 97,
150, 158-59
Estonian Lutheran Church, 20, 76, 154. See
also German Lutheran Church
Estonian National Archives, 5, 14, 24, 95,
146
Estonian Parliament, 70, 81-84, 96
Estonian Penal Code, 269
Estonian province, 31, 33, 50-51, 62, 65-
66
Estonian Provisional Government, 1918-
19, 83
Estonian Security Police, 104-105, 108,
146-64, 166-85, 187-89, 193-96, 205,
230, 244^4-7, 250. See also Estonians,
as perpetrators; German Security
Police; Omakaitse
Estonianization, campaign of, 90, 97
Estonians, as perpetrators, 2, 10-11, 17-18,
25, 27, 29-30, 145-87, 195-96, 253,
264, 272-75. See also Estonian
Security Police; Omakaitse
ethnic minorities, 1,16, 31-32, 69-71, 77-
80, 83-84, 89-90, 93, 106, 118
EU. See European Union
Europe, 13, 16, 27, 31, 55, 75-76, 79, 87,
89, 186, 224, 244, 264, 266. See also
East Central Europe; Eastern Europe;
Western Europe
European Union, 10, 249, 252, 254, 258,
263, 275-76
evacuation of 1941, 1,7, 12, 95, 109-110,
187, 244
Evensohn, Jacob, 58
Evreiskaia Entsiklopedia, 23
der ewige Jude exhibition, 134
executions. See mass executions, Nazi
expropriation of Jewish property. See
confiscation of Jewish property,
Geiman,
extradition of war criminals, 226, 234, 237.
See also prosecution of war criminals
Extraordinary State Commission, Soviet,
223, 233
Ezhov, Nikolai, 117
F
Fabri, Ernst, 128-29
fascists, alleged, 127, 139^40
February 1917 Revolution, 55
Feigin, Victor, 103
Feinberg, Jankel Moshe, 50-51
Feldmann, Salomon, 42
Fellin. See Viljandi
298
Index
“Final Solution of the Jewish Question,”
113, 134, 144, 146, 150, 164, 197, 219,
243, 248, 275. See also genocide, the
crime of; Nazi mass murder
Finkelstein, Norman, 262
Finland, 4, 11,71,91
Firk, Gottfried, 154
First World War, 5, 70, 112, 124, 174, 200
Flitter, Moshe, 51
Florin, Wilhelm, 119, 135
Ford, Henry, 21
Fortuno ff Video Archive for Holocaust
Testimonies, 11
Forum of Living History, 274
France, 5, 75, 79, 156, 186, 218, 227, 245,
252
Frank, Anne, 260
Frankfurt on Main, 205
freemasons, 271
Freidin, Isaac, 188,
French language, 9
Fulbright Commission in Estonia, 26-27
Funk, Kurt. See Wehner, Herbert
G
Galicia, 71, 123, 198
Gasman, Sonia, 151
gas vans, 225
Gdov, 62
Geht, Leiba, 48
Geilenberg Program, 213
Gelb, Ida, 188
genocide, the crime of, 9, 19, 95, 163, 199,
222,250-51,255,269,273
Genss, Dr. Julius, 187-88
Genss, Nosson, 5, 13
George Washington University, 28
German Army. See Wehrmacht
German Communist Party, 115-25, 128֊
32, 135, 138, 141. See also Soviet
Communist Party
German consulate in Narva, 99
German Criminal Police in Estonia, 232
German cultural autonomy, 81-82, 84, 88-
89, 91-92. See also Jewish cultural
autonomy
German Embassy in Moscow, 120, 122-23,
136
German Foreign Office, 185
German Immigration to Soviet Russia,
117-18
German language, 72, 146—47
German Lutheran Cathedral in Tallinn, 82
German Lutheran Church, 20. See also
Estonian Lutheran Church
German Navy, 91, 201, 203^1
German occupation of Estonia in 1918-19,
70, 112, 200
Germans, 2, 9-10, 18, 21, 27, 31, 71, 104,
112, 115-23, 135, 143-44, 149, 154—
55, 158-59, 162-63, 167, 170-71, 175֊
76, 181, 186, 204-5,209-11,213,216,
224—25, 228, 232-33, 244, 246, 257,
273
German Security Police in Estonia, 10-11,
18, 98, 107, 145—46, 157, 159, 161,
165, 171-72, 175, 182-84, 186-87,
190, 192-94, 205-7, 221, 216. See also
Estonian Security Police; German SS;
Omakaitse; Sandberger, Dr. Martin
German SS, 10, 198, 208, 212, 217, 225,
244, 250. See also German Security
Police in Estonia
German Security Service (SD), 98, 103,
120, 145,250
Germany, 13, 16, 73, 76-77, 79-80, 82, 85,
87, 116, 123-26, 129, 133, 136, 163,
185—86, 200-1. See also East Germany;
Nazi Germany; West Germany
Gerrets, Ralf, 230, 232, 236
Zur Geschichte der Juden in Eesti: Die
Revaler Synagoge in Zusammenhang mit
der Geschichte der Juden in Reval, 5
Di geshikhte fun di yidn in Estland, 5
Gestapo, 116, 120, 122-23, 130-32, 139,
141, 144, 152, 160, 250
ghettos. See Jewish ghettos
Giesen, Fritz, 175-76, 178-80
Ginsburg, Eugenia, 135
Ginsburg, Gerson, 52
Ginsburg, Salomon, 39, 44
Girshovich, Rebecca, 40
Girshovich, Samuel, 44
Index
299
Glasmann, Nota, 41, 55
Glasnost, 241. See also Perestroika
Goebbels, Joseph, 122
Goffmann, Nesse, 40
Goffmann, Salomon, 55
Goffmann, Samuel, 41
Goldhagen, Daniel Johan, 143^14, 219
Goldingen. See Kuldiga
Gömer, Abe, 113
Gorfinkel, Abram, 39, 53-54, 64
Gorfmkel, Olga, 167
Goring, Hermann, 120, 202
Gorky, 238
Gosebruch, Hans, 170
GPU. See NKVD
Graf, Jürgen, 261
Great Britain, 100-1, 227, 234
Great Northern War, 31
Great Terror, 100, 116-17, 119-22, 139,
141. See also Gulag; Soviet terror
Grinberg, Leib, 112
Gross, Jan, 143-44
Grüner, Wolf, 197-98, 219
Gruns, Abram, 40
Gruns, Sofía, 40
Gulag, 17,21, 115, 130, 137-38, 141 .See
also Great Terror; Soviet mass
deportations; Soviet terror
Gulf of Finland, 202
Gulkowitsch, Lazar, 13-14
Gurin, Samuel, 9
Gurin-Loov, Eugenia, 9-10, 12, 25, 100,
247
Gutkin, Aron, 106
Gutkin, Dr. Heinrich, 88
Gypsies. See Roma
H
Haapsalu, 167, 231
Hahn, Adolf, 63
Hait, Leiba,
Hait, Leiser, 39^4-1, 53-54
Hamann Commando in Lithuania, 244. See
also mass executions; Nazi mass
murder
Hanin, Rochelle, 156-57
Hannula, Olav, 268-69
Harku prison camp, 108, 182-83, 185,
189
Harriman, Averell, 226
Hasidism, 13
hate crimes, 268
hate language, 20, 268-71
Hatzkelevich, Haim Moshe, 112
Haumann, Heiko, 3
Hebrew language, 9, 13, 22, 25, 27, 73
Hebrew University, 6, 28-29
Heer im Dunkeln: Geschichten aus
Hitlerdeutschland, 130
Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich, 123
Helk, Peeter, 171
Herman, Judith, 270
Herzenberg, Gershon, 154-55, 157
Hess, Rudolf, 120, 223
Heydrich, Reinhard, 120, 201
Hiio, Toomas, 7
Hiiumaa Island, 168
Hilberg, Raul, 27, 246, 248
Hilpur, Eduard, 171
Himmler, Heinrich, 188, 197, 205-208,
211, 219
Hirsch, Francine, 227
Hirschhom, Josef, 157
“Historian Who Comes From Narva:
Estonians Lack Humanity!” 270
History is Not Just the Past/The Past is Not
Yet History, 272
A History of East European Jews, 3
Hitler, Adolf, 76, 115, 118, 120, 122, 130,
136, 140, 161, 202, 210, 213-14, 219,
225, 262, 266
Hitler's Willing Executioners, 144
Hoefer, Maria Anna, 185
Holocaust and Genocide Studies, 16, 26
Holocaust Commemoration Day, 260, 262,
265-66, 274
Holocaust denial, 254, 260-67
Holocaust education, 20, 256, 263, 266,
271-74
Der Holocaust Schwindel, 261
Holocaust studies, 6, 9-10, 18-19, 24-25,
28-29, 247-48, 252, 263
Holocaust survivors. See Jewish survivors
300
Index
Holocaust testimonies. See survivor
testimonies
Holocaust: The Most Dispiriting Zionist
Lie of the Twentieth Century; The,
262
Höss, Rudolf, 208
Hungary, 212, 218, 245
Hungerburg. See Narva-Jõesuu
Huy se, Luc, 236
I
I. G. Farben, 198-99. See also Zyklon B
Iceland, 235
Iliashev, Abram, 149
Immigration Act of 1924 (USA), 75
immigration policy in interwar Estonia, 75-
76
International Jew, The, 21
Internationale Literatur magazine, 128
International Military Tribunal at
Nuremberg, 143, 199, 221, 226-28,
238, 250, 254, 262
“Iron Curtain” speech, by Churchill, 228
Irving, David, 262
Isamaaliit, 88, 109
Isermann, Samuel, 41
Israel, 2-3, 6-7, 12, 20, 27-29, 87, 95,
231-32, 236, 253, 255, 264-66, 268,
274
Itai, Avraam, 53
Italians and the Holocaust: Persecution,
Rescue, and Survival, The, 22
Italy, 88, 223
Itskovich, Harry, 108, 155
Itzoch, Salomon Ruvim, 60
Izvestia, 239
J
Jaanimägi, Daisy, 151
Jabotinsky, Vladimir, 106
Jackson, Robert, 238
Jägala, 196, 208, 230
Jakobson, Idel, 105-6
Jakobson, Voldemar, 178
Jakobstadt. See Jēkabpils
Jalaka Line execution site at Tartu, 177,
180-82, 230. See also mass executions
Jankelevich, Ruvim, 52
Japan, 139
Jeckeln, Friedrich, 217, 226
Jedwabne, 143
Jēkabpils, 62
Jelgava, 62
Jenetzky, Friedrich, 192
Jerusalem, 6, 9, 28-29, 231, 248, 274
Jewe. See Jõhvi
Jewish Academic Historical and Literary
Society, 73
Jewish apprentices, 47-48
Jewish artisans, 33, 35, 45-48, 66, 72, 102
Jewish banks, 96, 100
Jewish Boy Scouts, 99
Jewish businesses, 37, 39^19, 72, 96, 102,
108-9, 123, 148, 188-90
Jewish cemeteries, 9, 15, 20-21, 23, 30,
65-66, 138
Jewish Councils, 197
Jewish Cultural Association in Estonia, 9
Jewish cultural autonomy, 1-2, 10, 14, 16,
69- 93, 97, 101
Jewish Cultural Council, 5, 72, 85-86, 98,
101
Jewish cultural life, 12, 257
Jewish Diaspora, 85
Jewish emigration, 2-3, 7, 12, 51, 75, 96,
98, 258. See also Refuseniks
Jewish forced labor camps, 9-10, 18-19,
25-26, 196-219, 244—45, 260
Jewish-Gentile relations, 4, 15-16, 32, 44-
45, 67, 74, 86, 92, 96-97, 103-4, 147-
59
Jewish ghettos, 9, 18, 28, 145, 162, 190,
197-98, 205-7, 243, 245 See also
names of individual ghettos
Jewish history, 1-16, 20-26, 29-30, 32,
70- 71,95, 243, 267
Jewish libraries, 187-88,
Jewish membership in Soviet agencies,
102-7, 111
Jewish merchants, 32, 35, 37, 41—42, 44—
45, 66
Jewish National Fund, 87
Index
301
Jewish pawnbrokers, 41
Jewish petty traders, 35, 40-41
Jewish politics, 73, 83, 87, 96
Jewish refugees, 75, 93, 95, 108, 112, 116
Jewish schools, 9, 14, 57-58, 66, 72, 85
Jewish shopkeepers, 39-41,44-45, 52, 76,
101, 148
Jewish student organizations, 5, 7, 14, 73,
101, 105, 155. See also Tartu
University
Jewish studies in Estonia, 5-8, 12-13, 24,
73. See also Gulkowitsch, Lazar; Tartu
University
Jewish survivors, 2, 5, 11-12, 18, 24, 26,
147, 199, 237, 248, 258. See also
survivor testimonies
Jewish welfare organizations, 14
Jews in Poland and Russia, The, 4
Jews of East Central Europe between the
World Wars, The, 3
Jews of mixed origin, 122, 182-86
Jõhvi, 66, 166, 202, 204, 208, 210
Jokton, Kopl, 5, 13, 62, 66
Jõõras, Helmi, 155
Journal of Baltic Studies, 20, 30
Judaica, 5, 14, 23-24, 187
Judaism, 22, 60-61, 66, 158
Judelovich, Rebecca, 166
Judenrat. See Jewish Councils
Judeobolshevik myth, 17, 140, 145, 156,
255, 264, 271,275
Judt, Tony, 28
Jurgens, Alexander, 60
Jurgens, Alexandra, 60
Jüris, Martin, 169
Jüriste, Juhan, 171-75, 178-79, 231,
Juut, 97
Κ
Käär, Ekaterina, 157
Kaarik, Johannes, 178
Kagan, Jacob, 166
Kagan, Maksim, 154
Kahn, Louis, 3, 72
Kahur, Osvald, 178
Kaiserwald concentration camp, 208
Kaitseliit, 109, 153-54, 172, 174,
Kalējs, Konrāds, 246
Kalevi-Liiva, mass execution at, 9, 245
Kálmán, Emmerich, 137
Kalmanson, Anna, 150-51
Kana, Voldemar, 165-66
Kand, Mart, 272
Kant, Edgar, 187
Kaplan, Moses, 171
Kaplinski, Jaan, 256, 267
Kapsi, August, 194
Karaims, 184—85
Karelia, 62
Karlag, 137. See also Gulag
Kasemaa, Kalle, 13
Kasenurm, Velio, 154
Kassa, 212
Katyn, mass execution at, 228
Katz, Maria, 60
Katz, Meta Ulrike, 183
Katz, Pinchas, 109
Katz, Salomon, 183-84
Katzenelbogen, Jenkel Iov, 42
Katzev, Josel, 52
Kaunas (Kovno), 42, 62, 204, 231, 244-46
Kaur, Victor, 178
Kazakhstan, 137
Keder, Valentine, 172, 176
Keitel, General Wilhelm, 210
Kerro, Valter, 178
Kershaw, Ian, 144
Ketler, Samuel, 52
KGB, 14, 24, 95, 221, 231, 232, 234, 236,
238, 242, 245-46, 251,271
Kharkov, 125-27, 129, 136, 225-27, 235
Kharkov University, 48
Kholm, 62
Khrushchev, Nikita, 241
Khrushchev’s “Secret Speech,” 138
kibbutzim, 75
Kiev, 7, 125, 130-31
Kiev University, 48
Kieval, Hillel, 28
Kiima, Nikolai, 178
Kingisepp, 50-51, 53, 55, 62
Kink, Elmar, 177
Kirov, Sergei, assassination of, 118
302
Index
Kirschenbaum, Elia, 58
Kitain, Abram, 44
Kivijärv, Arvo, 178
Kiviõli, 202, 206, 208, 210-14, 216, 218
Klas, Eri, 2-3, 254
Klemperer, Victor, 248
Kieio history journal, 247
Kliachko, Anna Bertha, 183
Klooga, 29, 208, 214-16, 219, 244
Kochnev, Pavel, 43
Köhler, Tamara, 184
Kohtla, 202, 208,210,213
Kohtla-Järve, 201-2, 204, 210, 213
Kolberg, Alfred, 178
Kolle, Alma Helene, 150
Kollmann, Georg, 11
Kolyma, 275
Komsomol, 104-5, 111, 189
Königsberg, 204
Koolmeister, Alexander, 172, 177, 179
Koppel, Harry, 176, 179-80
Kornel, Gustav, 194
Korob, Debra, 49
Kott, Mathew, 252
Kovno ghetto, 18, 207, 218, 244
Krakow, 136
Krasnala Zvezda, 239
Krasnodar, 224-25, 227, 235
Kremlin, 134—35, 227-28
Krenholm cotton mill, 36, 102
Kretzer, Abram, 48, 55
Kretzer, Lasar, 48
Kreuzer, Emma, 49-50
Krigman, A., 105
Kristallnacht pogrom, 99, 136, 140, 262
Kronik, Hanna, 151
Kronstadt, 62, 110
Kroon, Alexander, 178
Kroon, August Feliks, 178
Kruk, Herman, 199
Kübar, Jaan, 178
Kukk, Alfred, 178
Külaots, Alfons, 178
Kuldiga, 62
kulaks, alleged, 117, 126, 136
Kulmann, Moisei Aron, 47
Kunda, 202, 208
Kuppar, Udo, 178, 180
Kurchinskii, Dr. Mikhail, 89-90
Kuremäe, 208
Kuressaare, 167
Kurg, Friedrich, 170, 173
Kurtna, 157
Kütt, Ilmar, 178
L
Laabent, Edgar, 178
Laak, Alexander, 174, 230, 232, 234
Laande, Maria, 153
Laar, Mart, 246
Laats, Hans, 178, 180
Lagedi, 208,214, 259
Laidoner, General Johan, 88; 91, 97, 193
land reform of 1919, 78, 80-82
Landsbergis, Vytautas, 251
Laserson, Georg, 166
Latgale, 53
Latvia, 4, 7, 29, 32, 53, 69-78, 80-83, 85֊
87, 91-92, 96, 105-106, 110, 116, 145,
159-61, 165, 170, 184-85, 188, 190,
201, 208, 211-13, 217-18, 230, 243-
49, 255
Latvians, 83, 119, 161,205,210, 231,253,
255, 275-76
Laud, Cilja, 257
Laugsoo, Johannes, 156-57
Laurits, Karl, 178
League ofNations, 70, 77-79, 81, 83, 86
Leetmaa, Agu, 178
Leffler, P. Melvyn, 2
Leiba, Hana, 40
Leipzig, 123
Lemmatsi, 177
Leningrad, 110, 128, 203, 205. See also St.
Petersburg
Le Pen, Jean Marie, 262
Lepik, Roland, 172, 174, 176-77, 189
Lepp, Alexander, 158
Lepp, Konstantin, 157-59
Lepp, Miriam, 157-60
letters of support in behalf of arrested Jews,
148-49, 163
Levanovich, Leopold, 185
Index
303
Levi, Primo, 248
Levin, Bluma, 48
Levin, Do v, 6-7, 100, 102
Levin, Isidor, 11, 24
Levin, Nora, 3
Levin, Salomon, 54
Levine, Paul, 248
Levitanus, Hana, 51
Lewer, Israel, 39-41, 44-45
Liebman, Abe, 5, 13, 57
Lihula, monument to Estonian members of
the Waffen-SS at, 259, 263
Lileikis, Aleksandras, 246
Lina, Jüri, 261—62
Linde, Olav, 178
Linnas, Karl, 174-76, 179-81, 231, 234-
36, 240-41, 246,
Linneberg, Edla, 150
Lipelis, Leib, 153-54
Lipkin, Boris, 25, 258
literacy rates, 58-59
Literaturnaia Gazeta, 232, 239
Lithuania, 4, 7, 32, 61, 69-78, 80-81,
85-86, 91-92, 96, 105, 116, 144-45,
159, 161, 190, 204, 207, 217, 230,
243—49, 251, 255, 257, 275-76
Lithuanians, 145, 161, 20A-205, 231, 246,
251-53,255
Lithuanian Security Police, 160
Litzmann, General Karl, 163, 191,
193-94
Livonian province, 31, 33, 62
Livshits, Hannah, 52
Łódź ghetto, 198
Lohse, Hinrich, 184, 191
Long Hermann tower in Tallinn, 106
Lotman, Yuri, 1-3
Lublin ghetto, 123
Luha, Herbert, 178
Luhasaar, Johannes, 178
Luigas, Elisabeth, 137-38
Luigas, Iraida, 137-38
Lukas, Tõnis, 260
Lundin, Sheah, 52
Lury, Arkady, 182
Lury, Buras, 167
Lury, Salomon, 182
Lutheran Church. See Estonian Lutheran
Church; German Lutheran Church
Lux hotel in Moscow, 129. See also
Comintern, purges in
M
Madagascar Plan, so-called, 134
Madisson, Tiit, 259, 261-62
Mae, Dr. Hjalmar, 187
Magi, Ervin, 156
Maidre, Ivika, 260-61
Maimets, Toivo, 260
Majdanek death camp, 123
Mannil, Harry, 246
Margiste, Mart, 154
Maripuu, Eda,
Maripuu, Meelis, 11, 248
Mark, Endel, 178
Mark, Julius, 173
Martin, Terry, 118
Marxism, 55, 123, 131, 222
Masing, Eha, 248
Masing, Uku, 248
Maslovsky, Rachel, 40
mass executions, Nazi, 9, 166-71, 175-82,
195-96, 215-19, 228, 230-31, 236-37,
244-45, 272-73
Mathy, Wilhelm, 207
Matskin, Eide, 168
Matto, Endel, 178
Meenen, Kurt, 192
Mein Kampf 262
Meierovich, Adolf, 61
Meierovich, Alexander, 61
Meierovich, Alfred, 61
Meierovich, Anna, 61
Meierovich, Elise Dorothea, 61
Meierovich, Emma, 61
Meierovich, Evgeni, 61
Meiri, Lea, 212
Memorial Foundation for Jewish Culture in
New York, 247
Mendelsohn, Ezra, 3, 28-29
Mennonites, German, 118
Mere, Ain Ervin, 152, 230
Merekiila, 211
304
Index
Meri, Lennart, 250
Mertelsmann, Olaf, 29
Mets, Osvald, 174
Metski, 41
Michelson, Arnold, 155
Michelson, Dina, 185
Middle East, conflict in, 265. See also
Palestine
Mikhailovsky, Benjamin, 40-41, 43^44,
54
Mikhailovsky, Samuel, 58
Mikhailovsky, Sofia, 58
Mikhoels, Solomon, 3
Mikson, Evald, 172, 189-90,
mikveh. See ritual bath
military tribunals, Soviet, 223-26, 229-30,
233
Mineral Oil Commando Kiviõli, 206
Mineral Oil Commando North, German,
202
Minkov, Samuel, 96, 100
Minsk, 60, 62
Mirvitz, David, 180
Mirvitz, Eugene, 180
Mirvitz, Konstantin, 183
Mirvitz, Lilian, 180
Mirvitz, Margaret, 183
Mirvitz, Mia, 180
Mischlinge. See Jews of mixed origin
Mitava. See Jelgava
Mitzengendler, Salomon, 39
mixed marriages, 74, 184
mobilization into the Soviet Army, 5, 149,
153, 158. See also Soviet Army
Mogilev, 62
Mogilkin, Isaak, 171
Mõisaküla, 169
Molodezh Estonii, 231
Molotov, Vyacheslav, 228
Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, 112, 122, 228
Molts, Oskar, 155
MOPR (International Workers Aid), 105,
125
Moscow, 7, 19, 21, 34, 99, 127-29, 134,
141-42, 221, 223, 228, 234-35, 238֊
39, 275
Müller, Reinhard, 132
Murder Without Hatred: Estonians and the
Holocaust, 11,18, 29-30, 269-70
Muslims, 269. See also Arabs
Mussolini, Benito, 88
N
Naples, 223
Narva, 16, 18, 20-23, 30-67, 71, 74, 96,
98-99, 102-105, 108-12, 137-38, 166-
67, 192, 195, 200, 206, 208, 210, 270-
71
Narva-Jöesuu, 41,43, 66, 208
Narva Kiir, 56
Narva River, 31, 43, 64, 104, 206
nationalization of Jewish property, Soviet,
102, 109, 112, 155, 188, 190-91. See
also confiscation of Jewish property,
German
NATO, 10, 235, 249, 252, 254, 258
Native Americans, 255
Nazi Germany, 19, 69, 75, 90-93, 99-100,
106, 108, 111-12, 115-16, 118, 121,
125-26, 129-36, 139-42, 144, 149,
151-52, 162, 184-85, 193, 198, 201,
203, 205, 214-15, 219, 222-23, 235,
238, 244, 265-66. See also Germany
Nazi mass murder, 18-19, 24—26, 95, 100,
112-13, 115-16, 143-45, 159, 161֊b4,
195-200, 215-19, 224, 228, 232, 243-
47, 249-52, 259, 262, 268-69, 272. See
also genocide, the crime of; mass
executions; Nazi
Nazi occupation of Estonia, 1,17, 25-26,
98, 110-12, 143-64, 235, 243, 247,
249, 252, 254, 259, 273
Nazi Party, 119, 149
Nazi propaganda, 103, 111, 122, 139, 144.
See also Soviet propaganda
Nazis, 2, 17, 26-27, 92, 100, 108, 113, 115,
120, 122, 134-36, 138, 140-41, 144,
162, 182, 186-87, 195, 197,218-19,
222-23, 226, 228, 234-35, 237, 253,
265
Neighbors, 143^44
Neimtam, Morde chai, 53
Netenberg, Wolf, 60
Index
305
Netherlands, 100
Neues Dorf Das, newspaper, 126
New World Order: Secret Activities of the
Judaists and Freemasons to Subjugate
Nations and States, The, 262
New York Times, 239
New York University, 27-28
Nieländer, Benjamin, 153
Niinemets, Boris, 153-54
NKVD, 14, 17, 102-106, 108, 117, 119-23,
126-28, 131, 133-40, 155-57, 162, 166,
171, 186, 188, 228, 233, 236, 251, 263
Nõmm, Mihkel, 168
Nõmme, 149, 151, 189, 194
North America, 20, 243. See also United
States of America
Norway, 4
Notenberg, Behr Mendel, 48
Novgorod, 62
Novoaleksandrovsk. See Zarasai
Nuremberg Laws, 99
Nuremberg tribunal. See International
Military Tribunal at Nuremberg
Nüüd, Rudolf, 166
O
Odessa, 62
Office of General Plenipotentiary for Labor
Allocation, German, 212
Office of Special Investigations (OSI), 27,
237—40. See also United States Justice
Department
Ofrill, J. P., 39
oil refineries, 201-202, 206-207, 209, 211֊
12, 216. See also shale oil
Omakaitse, 26, 146, 149-50, 152, 162,
165-66, 168-76, 182, 185, 187, 192,
204, 229—31, 245. See also Estonians,
as perpetrators; Estonian Security
Police
On Modern Jewish Politics, 3
“Operation Last Chance,” 253, 255. See
also the Simon Wiesenthal Center;
Zuroff, Efraim
Operations Staff Alfred Rosenberg (ERR),
187-88,
Organization Todt (OT), 205-6, 209, 211—
13
Orgussaar, August, 169
Orion movie theater in Moscow, 129-30
Orthodox Church. See Russian Orthodox
Church
Oshmiany. See Ashmiany
Ostarbeiter, 209—10, 212
Ostland, 184, 203, 205-206, 217
Ostrovsky infantry regiment, Russian, 41
OT. See Organization Todt
Ottwalt, Ernst, 127, 129-30
P
Paas, Eduard, 189
Päevaleht, 253-54
Paide, 61, 166
Pale of Jewish Settlement, 1-2, 33, 42, 47-
49, 51-52, 58-59, 61-63, 66, 83-84
Palestine, 28, 74-75, 84, 87, 96, 98, 265.
See also British Mandate of Palestine
Palestinians, 255
Panné, Jean Louis, 121
Pant, Härmo, 149, 154
Panther Line fortification, 206, 210
Panziger, Friedrich, 217
Paradox of Survival: The Jews in the Soviet
Union since 1917, 3
Paris, 51, 145, 156
Paris Peace Treaty of 1919, 16, 71, 77-79
Pärnu, 9, 18, 61, 168-70, 191, 231
Pärnu prison, 168-69
Partes, Joosep, 153
Parts, Johan, 189
Pasternak, Mikhail, 111
Pats, Konstantin, 88, 92
Pechory, 165, 192, 254
Pedask, Osvald, 166
Peeba, Johannes, 168
Peipus Lake, 208
Pennar, Johannes, 178
A People Apart: The Jews in Europe,
1789-1939,4
Perestroika, 240-42. See also Glasnost
Perkonkrusts, 76
Pemov. See Pärnu
306
Index
Petergof, 62
Petersen, Roger, 270
Petrozavodsk, 62
Pieck, Wilhelm, 121, 132, 135
Piirikiri, Mikhel, 185
Piirikiri, Tiina, 185
Pinding, Jüri, 154
Pindis, Leonhard, 166
Pirsko, Priit, 34
pogroms, anti-Jewish, 136, 140, 161, 243,
245^16, 262
Pohl, Oswald, 211
Poland, 17, 29, 33, 61-62, 96, 99, 103, 106,
122, 133, 136, 138, 143-44, 197-98,
208, 245, 252
Põldsam, Anu, 13-14,
Poles, 31, 71, 76, 78, 104, 119, 134, 145,
162
police battalions, 204, 211, 230, 245. See
also XVIII police battalion, Latvian;
287 police battalion, Estonian; 290
police battalion, Estonian
police surveillance, 32, 34, 38, 49-54, 56,
122, 124, 139
Polish Catholic Church, 20
Polish Embassy in Moscow, 134
Politburo, Soviet, 117
Polonsky, Antony, 4
Polotsk, 57
Põltsamaa, 190
Ponary (Paneriai) mass execution site at
Vilnius, 29
Popovka, 43, 56
Postimees, 190, 253
POW camps. See prisoner of war camps
PO Ws. See prisoners of war
Prague, 129, 185
Presidium of the Communist Party Central
Committee, 233. See also Soviet
Communist Party
Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the
USSR, 224
Principles of Criminal Legislation, Soviet
(1958), 233
prisoners of war, American, 223
prisoners of war, British, 223
prisoners of war, Polish, 228
prisoners of war, Soviet, 206, 209-216,
223,244, 250-51
prisoner of war camps, German, 25, 195,
205, 224
Program of Jewish World Conquest, The,
263
propaganda. See Nazi propaganda; Soviet
propaganda
Protocols of the Elders of Zion, 21, 254,
263
Prosecutor’s Office, Soviet, 104, 233-34,
238
prosecution of war criminals, 9-10, 18-19,
27, 221—42, 253. See also war crimes
trials
Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, 198
Prusin, Alexander, 229
Pskov, 62, 110
Publishing House for Foreign Workers in
Moscow, 130-31
Publishing House for National Minorities
in Kharkov, 125-26, 130-31, 136 '
Puide, Peeter, 247
Pushkin, Alexander, 3
Püssi, 210
Putin, Vladimir, 265
Putki, 208
Puusepp, Elmar, 180-81
Puusepp, Ludvig, 149
R
Raasiku, 205
rabbis, 39, 73, 113, 167
Rabinovich, Samuel Benjamin, 60
Rabinovich, Yitzhak, 48
Radek, Karl, 129
Radio Moscow, 127
Rahva Hääl, 235—36
Raid, Johannes, 159
Raid, Villem, 169
Rakvere, 18, 53, 61-62, 66, 167, 192, 208
Ratchik, Haim, 49
Ratner, Dora, 186
Ratnik, Herbert, 178
Rattush, Judel, 52
Red Army. See Soviet Army
Index
307
Refuseniks, 7, 12. See aîso Jewish
émigration
Rei, August, 96
Reich Labor Service, 273
Reich Security Main Office (RSHA), 141,
181, 187-88, 201. See aîso German
Security Police in Estonia; Heydrich,
Reinhard; Nazi mass murder
Reinfeld, Alexander, 154
religious conversion, 59—61, 158
Reports of the Estonian International
Commission. See Estonia, 1941-1945
residence permits, 35, 49-54, 66
Reval. See Tallinn
Rēzekne, 62, 231
Rezhİtsy. See Rēzekne
Riecken, Hermann, 169
Riga, 7, 28, 62, 110, 158, 177, 179, 181,
188, 192, 205,211-12,218, 244-45
Righteous Among the Nations, 248
Riigi Teataja, 102
Ristmees, Eduard, 154—55
ritual baths, 63
Rockler, Walter, 238
Roginsky, Alexander, 121
Rogovsky, Aron, 184
Rogovsky, Elfrieda, 184
Rokhlin, Hanna, 49
Roma, 19, 31, 89, 167, 237, 250, 255, 273-
74
Romania, 201, 203, 214
Rome Statute of the International Criminal
Court, 251
Roosevelt, D. Franklin, 223, 225-26
Roovere, Victor, 175
Rosenberg, Alfred, 187
Rosenberg, David, 109
Rosenberg, Ginda, 151
Rosenberg, Isaak, 40
Rosenberg, Nikolai, 189
Rosenberg, Salomon, 45
Rosenberg, Vera, 40
Rosenfeld, Mordechai Girsh, 42
Rostfeldt, Bernhard, 154
Rubanovich, Abram, 44-45, 64
Rubanovich, Josef, 182
Rubanovich, Kira, 182-83
Rubanovich, Sender, 39-4-0, 44, 64
Rubanovich, Peishe Vera, 44
Rubanovich, Vera, 182-83
Rubin, Alexander, 188-89
Rubin, Haim, 188-89
Rubin, Ruth, 189-90
Rudenko, Roman, 228, 238
Rumbula, mass execution at, 29, 244
Russia, 1,24,31,55, 106, 108, 110, 113,
149, 154—55, 163, 182, 184, 187,202,
208, 224, 230, 254-55, 266-67, 271.
See also Russian Empire
Russian Christian Youth Association, 137
Russian City Charter, 32
Russian Empire, 23, 31-67, 71, 97. See
also Russia
Russian language, 12, 32, 58, 72-73, 96,
185
Russian Orthodox Church, 20, 59-60
Russian Penal Code, 108, 225, 233
Russians, 31-32, 44-45, 61, 69, 71, 73-76,
78-80, 82-84, 89-90, 93, 96, 100, 103-
4, 148, 154-55, 182-83, 190, 225, 237,
254-57, 260, 265-66, 271, 273
Russification, campaign of, 82
Rutstein, Samuel, 41
Rutstein, V., 64
Ryan, Allan, 238
Rybak, Mark, 1-2, 12, 14
S
Saadma, Selma, 166
Saaga digital portal, 14
Saar, Andrus, 259
Saaremaa Island, 167
saboteurs, alleged, 26
Sachar-Schocher, Abram, 156
Sagi, Alexander, 178
Saka, 208,211
Sakharov, Andrei, 238
Salome, Rebecca, 150
Saltsman, Abram, 153
Sammul, Leonhard, 195
Sandberger, Dr. Martin, 146, 152, 160-61,
183, 187-88, 193, 207
Sapir, Haim, 60
308
Index
Saratov, 117
Sartre, Jean Paul, 267, 275
Sauckel, Fritz, 206
Savitsch, Aavo, 263-65
Scher, Anna, 183
Scher, Mikhail, 183
Schiemann, Paul, 87
Schmetzke. See Metski
Schnabel, Helmut, 260-61
Schneer, Ariel, 39
schools. See Jewish schools
Schulenberg, Werner von der, 122
Scotland, 200
Second World War, 1, 27, 98, 109, 200,
222-23, 238, 242, 246, 254, 258, 271-
72
Sekules, Edith, 108
Sekules, Kurt, 108
Seletsky, Josel, 52
semiotics, school of, 1,3. See also Lotman,
Yuri
Sepp, Paul, 178
Sepp, Villem, 154
Serbia, 2
Sevastopol, 136
Seyler, Paul, 159
Shadsunsky, Rachmiel, 113, 155
Shakerov, Zaker, 41
shale oil, 91, 199-218
Shapiro, Abram, 45, 54-55, 64
Shapiro, Bella, 21
Shapiro, Girsh, 40-41, 44
Shapiro, L, 105
Shapiro, Rosa, 37
Shavli. See Šiauliai
Sheer, Mikhail, 148-49
Shklov, 62
Shlisselburg, 62
Shneiders, Salomon, 56
Shoah Foundation. See University of South
California Shoah Foundation
shock battalions, Soviet, 105, 111, 151, 156
Shor, Tatiana, 7, 13
show trials, Stalinist, 117, 140, 224, 227,
236. See also Great Terror; NKVD
shtetl, Jewish, 24
Šiauliai, 62
Šiauliai ghetto, 207
Siberia, 259
Sicily, 223
Sievershausen. See Siivertsi
Siimon, Alexander, 154-55
Siivertsi, 43
Siiber, Michael, 28
Silberstein, Leopold, 185
Sillamäe, 25, 202, 210-11, 258
Simon Wisenthal Center, 253-55, 257,
275
Simson, Raul, 155
Sirp, 29
Širvintos, 62
Slitzan, Riva, 48
Slonim, 231
Slovakia, 212
S loveni ans, 86
Smoliansky, Berra, 167-68
Smuskovich, Elia, 58
Snyder, Timothy, 141
Social Démocratie Party, German, 119
Socialist Party, 73, 96
Sonda, 208
Sonderkommando 1005. See Blobel
Kommando
Soski, 208
Soviet Army, 5, 100, 106, 120, 172, 189,
199, 202, 211, 216, 272-73. also
mobilization into the Soviet Army
Soviet citizenship, 9-10, 119, 121-22, 125,
129
Soviet Communist Party, 116-23, 125, 138,
153, 155, 233, 237. See also Estonian
Communist Party; German Communist
Party
Soviet Embassy in Berlin, 125, 129
Soviet Embassy in Washington, DC, 239
Sovietization, process of, 101
Soviet mass déportations, 2, 14, 17, 107-
109, 116, 149, 155, 162, 169, 186, 251,
259-60, 262, 266-67. See also Gulag;
Soviet terror; Stalinism
Soviet Ministry of Justice, 222
Soviet occupation of Estonia, 1, 3, 6, 16-
17, 24, 26, 95-113, 137, 153, 161, 169,
201, 249, 252, 259, 266, 273, 275
Index
309
Soviet propaganda, 19, 100, 104, 112, 187,
224, 228, 234-36, 239-40. See also
Nazi Propaganda
Soviet Security Police. See KGB; NKVD
Soviet terror, 17, 24, 26, 105-109, 113,
115-23, 132, 138-41, 161,254-55,
259, 273. See also Great Terror; Gulag;
Soviet mass deportations; Stalinism
Soviet Union, 1-2, 7, 17, 19, 28, 79, 90-91,
95-96, 98-113, 115-42, 153-54, 198-
99, 201, 221^2, 246-47, 255, 258,
261,267
Spanish Civil War, 103
Speer, Albert, 203, 211,213
SS. See German SS
SS Economic and Administrative Main
Office in Berlin, 191,211
Stalin, Joseph, 6, 115, 117, 120, 140, 223,
225-26, 228, 230, 241. See also
Stalinism
Stalingrad, Battle of, 219
Stalinism, 5, 12, 24. See also Stalin, Joseph
Stanislawski, Michael, 28, 33
Starachowice factory camp, 198
Staraia Russa, 62
Star of David, 260, 274
statistics, Jewish, 1-2, 7, 18-19, 31-39,
46-47, 54, 57-61, 66, 70, 72, 85, 96,
98-99, 104-105, 107-108, 110-111,
117-22, 217-18, 257, 267. See also
vital statistics
Staub, Ervin, 270
Stein, Jacob, 52
Stein, Liba, 40^41
Stockholm, 247, 274
St. Petersburg, 23-24, 34, 36, 42, 54, 60, 62
St. Petersburg Jewish University, 24
St. Petersburg province, 16, 31, 33, 35, 38,
43,49, 51-52, 66
St. Petersburg treasury, 49, 55
Streim, Alfred, 199
Sturmschritt magazine, 125-26, 136
Stutthof concentration camp, 208, 213,
218-19
Stuttgarter Zeitung,
suffrage, 54-55
Sügis, Enn, 178
Suits, Ernst, 178
Supreme Court of the Estonian SSR, 234,
241
survivors. See Jewish survivors
survivor testimonies, 11-12, 25, 28, 95. See
also Jewish survivors
Suar Having: Eesti juutide katastroof 1941
/ Holocaust of the Estonian Jews, 1941,
10, 12, 25
Sweden, 17, 235, 247
Swedes, 31, 61, 70, 75, 78, 83-84, 87, 89-
90, 257
Swiss, 185, 261
Switzerland, 75
synagogues, 1, 12, 15, 56, 62-66, 167, 169,
179,191,195,268
T
Taganka prison in Moscow, 134
Tallinn, 1, 5, 7, 9, 11, 12, 14-15, 18, 21,
23-26, 31, 36, 55, 62, 70, 72, 75, 84-
85, 87, 96-97, 106, 108, 110-111, 113,
146-59, 165-67, 170, 174, 177, 182,
185-91, 193-96, 199-200, 204-5, 207,
213-16, 218, 230-31, 234-35, 237,
244-4-5, 248, 259-61
Tallinn central prison, 103, 146, 157-59,
181, 183, 185, 244-45
Tallinn City Archives, 5
Tallinn Institute of Technology, 268
Tallinn New Synagogue, 1, 12, 15. See also
synagogues
Talvik, Villem, 178
Tamm, Herbert, 177
Tartu, 1, 5, 7, 14, 22-24, 31, 32, 51, 56, 60,
70, 73,96, 103—4, 110-111, 165, ПО-
182, 184—85, 187-88, 190, 192-96,
208,215, 234—36, 245, 263
Tartu concentration camp, 18, 170-81, 196,
230-31
Tartu Peace Treaty of 1920, 104
Tartu University, 1, 5, 7-8, 13-15, 22-27,
73, 105, 149, 155, 165, 169, 173, 185,
187, 192, 194, 247֊48. See also Jewish
student organizations
Taska, Robert, 178
310
Index
Tatars, 31, 257
Tats, August, 41
Taub, Aaron, 103
Teder, Salme, 151
Tehran conference of 1943, 226
Teitmann, Reiha, 193
Tel Aviv, 23
Tell Your Children About It: A Book About
the Holocaust in Europe, 1933—1945,
248
Telshi. See Telšiai
Telsiai, 62
Terk, Haim, 41, 55
Theresienstadt ghetto, 205, 230
Third Reich. See Nazi Germany
Tiitsmaa, Marie, 156
Tischler, Carola, 140
Tolstoy, Leo, 123
Tõnismaa, Alfred, 178
Tõnisson, General Alexander, 100
Tonne, Israel, 41—42, 55
Torgsin, Soviet trade agency, 100
Toubin, Ester, 166-67
trade unions, Soviet, 105
Trainin, Mordechai Abram Sholem, 42
Trapido, Susman, 171
Trossek, Elmar, 178
Trotsky, Leon, 117, 120
‘Trotskyites,” alleged, 117, 119-20, 132,
139-40
Tsarist Empire. See Russian Empire
Tuch, Emma, 193
Tukhachevsky, Marshall Mikhail, 120
Tukk urn. See Tuku ms
Tukums, 62
Tver, 62
U
Ukmerge, 50, 57, 62
Ukraine, 29, 62, 123, 125-26, 144, 230,
273
Ukrainians, 71, 78, 145, 205
Ulbricht, Walter, 120, 132, 135
Under the Sign of the Scorpion: The Rise
and Fall of Soviet Power, 262
United Kingdom. See Great Britain
United Nations War Crimes Commission
(UNWCC), 223, 225-26
United States of America, 3, 11, 19-20,
26-28, 75, 101, 186, 200, 221-22, 227,
234—41, 254, 258, 266. See also North
America
United States citizenship, 185, 235, 238-40
United States Commission for the
Preservation of America’s Heritage
Abroad, 258
United States Department of Justice, 26-
27, 221, 237-39. See also Office of
Special Investigations (OSI)
United States Department of State, 238
United States Consulate in Tallinn, 84
United States Embassy in Moscow, 226
United States Holocaust Memorial
Museum, 11, 19, 26-28
University of Chicago, 29
University of South California Shoah
Foundation, 11, 145
University of Tartu. See Tartu University
Unt, Elmar, 178
Usharov, Abram, 39—40, 55
Usharov, Girsh, 39
Usharov, Moshe, 44-45, 55, 64, 66
USSR. See Soviet Union
Ust-Ladoga, 62
Utto, Juuli, 153
V
Vabs. See War Veterans’ League, Estonian
Vaher, Nikolai, 154
Vaht, Alexander, 178
Vahtramäe, Hans, 157
Vaivara, 110, 207-9, 211-12, 217-18, 260
Vakseberg, Arkady, 228
Valdmaa, Sulev, 248
Valga, 110
Valk, Jaanis, 269
Västrik, Riho, 11, 248
Veinberg, Elias, 156-57
Velner, Elmar, 156
Ventspils, 52
Versailles Peace Treaty. See Paris Peace
Treaty
Index
311
Verschik, Anna, 13
Vichy government, 227
Vienna, 12
Viik, Jaan, 230, 232
Viivikonna, 26, 208, 211
Vikerkaar literary journal, 247-48
Viks, Ervin, 172, 230-32, 234-36
Viljandi, 61, 70, 110, 187, 190, 193-94
Villemsoo, Alexander, 153
Vilnius (Vilna), 9, 50, 62, 204, 231, 245
Vilna ghetto, 9, 18, 207, 218, 244-^5
Vinnitsa, 273
Vital, David, 4
vital statistics, 37-39. See also statistics,
Jewish
Vitebsk, 53
Voitinsky, Rachel, 48
Volksdeutsche. See Baltic Germans
Võru, 193
Vyshinsky, Andrei, 141, 228
Vyshinsky Commission, so-called at
Nuremberg, 228
Vyshny Volochek, 60, 62
W
Waffen-SS Division, Estonian, 210, 259.
See also Wehrmacht
Wangenheim, Gustav von, 128-29. See
also Comintern, purges in
Wannsee Conference, 218, 262
war crimes trials, 9, 19, 26, 145, 196, 221-
43, 246, 249. See also prosecution of
war criminals
Warsaw, 62
Warsaw ghetto uprising, 162, 197
War Veterans’ League, Estonian, 76, 97,
172
Washington, DC, 19, 27, 239, 249
Washington Post, 239
Wehner, Herbert, 131-33, 135
Wehrmacht, 165, 171, 190-91, 194, 202,
206,210, 225,272-73
Weimar Republic. See Germany
Weiner, Jacob, 167
Weiss, Ella, 133-34, 136-38
Weiss, Helmut, 17, 21-22, 115-16, 123-42
Weiss, Markus, 133-34, 137-38, 140
Weiss, Yuri, 21, 138
Weissenstein. See Paide
Weiss-Wendt, Anton, 11, 26, 29-30, 269-
70
Wendt, Erich, 129-30
Wendt, Hans. See Weiss, Helmut
West, 19, 31, 231-32, 234-36, 242, 245,
259
West Germany, 196, 222, 232, 236. See
also East Germany; Germany
Wesenberg. See Rakvere
Western Europe, 198, 243. See also East
Central Europe; Eastern Europe;
Europe
White Nights and Black Days: Jewish
Camps in Estonia, 9, 28
White Sea, 62
Wisel, Elie, 248
Wilkomir. See Ukmerge
Windawa. See Ventspils
Wissenschaft des Judentums, 13
Woelkersohn, Josel, 58
Wollenberg, Erich, 118
Wrangell, Baron Wilhelm, 88
Y
Yad Vashem Institute, 6, 9, 28-29, 248,
274
Yaffe, James, 22
Yamburg. See Kingisepp
Yiddish language, 6, 9, 22, 24֊25, 27-28,
58, 72-73, 96-97
Yuriev. See Tartu
Yurkovsky, Mikhail, 60
Z
Zagorie, Lev, 104-105
Zarasai, 62
Zehnstein, Haim, 40
Zelger, Josef, 60
Ziegler, Moses, 73
Zinoviev, Grigory, 117
Zionism, 2, 73-74, 84, 87, 96, 107, 109֊
110, 262, 264, 271
312
Index
Zlaff, Samuel, 149
Zmicherevsky, A., 105
Zuccotti, Susan, 22
Zukermann, Yitzhak, 54
Zündel, Emst, 262
Zuroff, Efraim, 252-57, 263-64
Zyklon B, 199, 254. See also I. G.
Farben
/
Y
CJ c'y Arische
S t a « t s ; 2 i b ï i ot h ek
f/tünchen |
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| callnumber-search | DS135.E73 |
| callnumber-sort | DS 3135 E73 |
| callnumber-subject | DS - Asia |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1002225591 (DE-599)BVBBV044348482 |
| dewey-full | 947.98/004924 |
| dewey-hundreds | 900 - History & geography |
| dewey-ones | 947 - Russia & east Europe |
| dewey-raw | 947.98/004924 |
| dewey-search | 947.98/004924 |
| dewey-sort | 3947.98 44924 |
| dewey-tens | 940 - History of Europe |
| discipline | Geschichte |
| era | Geschichte 1991-2016 gnd Geschichte 1874-1943 gnd Geschichte 1943-1987 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1991-2016 Geschichte 1874-1943 Geschichte 1943-1987 |
| format | Book |
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| genre | (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Aufsatzsammlung |
| geographic | Estonia Ethnic relations Estland (DE-588)4015587-0 gnd Sowjetunion (DE-588)4077548-3 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Estonia Ethnic relations Estland Sowjetunion |
| id | DE-604.BV044348482 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-10-30T13:05:10Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9789633861653 |
| language | English |
| lccn | 016054787 |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-029751340 |
| oclc_num | 1002225591 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-83 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-M352 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-83 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-M352 |
| physical | xviii, 312 Seiten |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20190611 |
| publishDate | 2017 |
| publishDateSearch | 2017 |
| publishDateSort | 2017 |
| publisher | Central European University Press |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Weiss-Wendt, Anton 1973- Verfasser (DE-588)120805650 aut On the margins essays on the history of Jews in Estonia Anton Weiss-Wendt Budapest ; New York Central European University Press [2017] © 2017 xviii, 312 Seiten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Includes bibliographical references and index Geschichte 1991-2016 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte 1874-1943 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte 1943-1987 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte Juden Jews Estonia History Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Estonia Judenvernichtung Motiv (DE-588)4122228-3 gnd rswk-swf Kollektives Gedächtnis (DE-588)4200793-8 gnd rswk-swf Prozess (DE-588)4047577-3 gnd rswk-swf Juden (DE-588)4028808-0 gnd rswk-swf Kriegsverbrechen (DE-588)4033151-9 gnd rswk-swf Esten (DE-588)4091951-1 gnd rswk-swf Estonia Ethnic relations Estland (DE-588)4015587-0 gnd rswk-swf Sowjetunion (DE-588)4077548-3 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Estland (DE-588)4015587-0 g Juden (DE-588)4028808-0 s Geschichte 1874-1943 z DE-604 Sowjetunion (DE-588)4077548-3 g Esten (DE-588)4091951-1 s Kriegsverbrechen (DE-588)4033151-9 s Prozess (DE-588)4047577-3 s Geschichte 1943-1987 z Kollektives Gedächtnis (DE-588)4200793-8 s Judenvernichtung Motiv (DE-588)4122228-3 s Geschichte 1991-2016 z Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029751340&sequence=000004&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029751340&sequence=000005&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029751340&sequence=000006&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Weiss-Wendt, Anton 1973- On the margins essays on the history of Jews in Estonia Geschichte Juden Jews Estonia History Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Estonia Judenvernichtung Motiv (DE-588)4122228-3 gnd Kollektives Gedächtnis (DE-588)4200793-8 gnd Prozess (DE-588)4047577-3 gnd Juden (DE-588)4028808-0 gnd Kriegsverbrechen (DE-588)4033151-9 gnd Esten (DE-588)4091951-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4122228-3 (DE-588)4200793-8 (DE-588)4047577-3 (DE-588)4028808-0 (DE-588)4033151-9 (DE-588)4091951-1 (DE-588)4015587-0 (DE-588)4077548-3 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
| title | On the margins essays on the history of Jews in Estonia |
| title_auth | On the margins essays on the history of Jews in Estonia |
| title_exact_search | On the margins essays on the history of Jews in Estonia |
| title_full | On the margins essays on the history of Jews in Estonia Anton Weiss-Wendt |
| title_fullStr | On the margins essays on the history of Jews in Estonia Anton Weiss-Wendt |
| title_full_unstemmed | On the margins essays on the history of Jews in Estonia Anton Weiss-Wendt |
| title_short | On the margins |
| title_sort | on the margins essays on the history of jews in estonia |
| title_sub | essays on the history of Jews in Estonia |
| topic | Geschichte Juden Jews Estonia History Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Estonia Judenvernichtung Motiv (DE-588)4122228-3 gnd Kollektives Gedächtnis (DE-588)4200793-8 gnd Prozess (DE-588)4047577-3 gnd Juden (DE-588)4028808-0 gnd Kriegsverbrechen (DE-588)4033151-9 gnd Esten (DE-588)4091951-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Geschichte Juden Jews Estonia History Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Estonia Judenvernichtung Motiv Kollektives Gedächtnis Prozess Kriegsverbrechen Esten Estonia Ethnic relations Estland Sowjetunion Aufsatzsammlung |
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