Russia's last gasp: the Eastern Front 1916-17
In Russia's Last Gasp, Prit Buttar looks at one of the bloodiest campaigns launched in the history of warfare - the Brusilov Offensive, sometimes known as the June Advance. The assault was intended to ease the pressure on Russia's British and French allies by diverting German troops from t...
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| Zusammenfassung: | In Russia's Last Gasp, Prit Buttar looks at one of the bloodiest campaigns launched in the history of warfare - the Brusilov Offensive, sometimes known as the June Advance. The assault was intended to ease the pressure on Russia's British and French allies by diverting German troops from the Western Front and knocking Austria-Hungary out of the war. Russia's dismal military performance in the preceding years was forgotten, as the Brusilov Offensive was quickly characterised by innovative tactics, including the use of shock troops, a strategy that German armies would later adapt to great effect. Drawing on first-hand accounts and detailed archival research this is a dramatic retelling of the final years of the war on the Eastern Front, in which the Russian Army claimed military success but at a terrible cost |
| Beschreibung: | 472 Seiten, 24 ungezähle Seiten Bildtafeln Illustrationen, Karten, Porträts |
| ISBN: | 9781472812766 |
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| 505 | 8 | |a The fruits of war : the occupied territories and the opposing armies -- The Winter battles -- Lake Naroch -- The quiet front -- Brusilov's offensive begins -- The growing crisis -- Dealing with success and failure -- Now or never -- Kovel and Stanislau -- The advent of Romania -- The new front : Romania's gamble -- Autumn -- Bucharest and beyond -- The cracks in the edifice | |
| 520 | 3 | |a In Russia's Last Gasp, Prit Buttar looks at one of the bloodiest campaigns launched in the history of warfare - the Brusilov Offensive, sometimes known as the June Advance. The assault was intended to ease the pressure on Russia's British and French allies by diverting German troops from the Western Front and knocking Austria-Hungary out of the war. Russia's dismal military performance in the preceding years was forgotten, as the Brusilov Offensive was quickly characterised by innovative tactics, including the use of shock troops, a strategy that German armies would later adapt to great effect. Drawing on first-hand accounts and detailed archival research this is a dramatic retelling of the final years of the war on the Eastern Front, in which the Russian Army claimed military success but at a terrible cost | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804177535850774528 |
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| adam_text | CONTENTS
List of Illustrations 7
List of Maps 9
Author s Note 10
Dramatis Personae 11
Introduction 19
Chapter 1: The Fruits of War: The Occupied Territories
and the Opposing Armies 31
Chapter 2: The Winter Battles 61
Chapter 3: Lake Naroch 82
Chapter 4: The Quiet Front 118
Chapter 5: Brusilovs Offensive Begins 139
Chapter 6: The Growing Crisis 170
Chapter 7: Dealing with Success and Failure 197
Chapter 8: Now or Never
227
Chapter 9: Kovel and Stanislau
256
Chapter 10: The Advent of Romania 294
Chapter 11: The New Front: Romania’s Gamble 317
Chapter 12: Autumn 349
Chapter 13: Bucharest and Beyond 379
Chapter 14: The Cracks in the Edifice 399
Notes
Bibliography 448
Index 455
Russia’s Last Gasp
460 Reich (1917), pp. 55-57
461 For a full account of Norton-Griffiths’ life, see Bridgland, X, Tunnelmaster and
Arsonist of the Great War: The Norton-Griffiths Story (Pen and Sword, Barnsley 2003)
462 Weis (1917), p. 55
463 Torrey (2011), p. 155
464 Winogradsky (1923), pp- 232—34
465 Knox (1921), p.485
466 ibid., pp. 485—86
467 Winogradsky (1923), pp. 245—47
468 Knox (1921), p. 487
469 ibid., pp. 490—91
470 ibid., p.495
Chapter 14
471 Fussell, P., The Great War and Modern Memory (Oxford University Press, Oxford,
1975), p. 72
472 Quoted in Home (1962), p. 331
473 Afflerbach, H., Falkenhayn: Politisches Denken und Handeln in Kaiserreich
(Oldenbourg, Munich, 1994), pp. 484—85
474 Mackensen (1938), pp. 314—15
475 ibid.,p. 319
476 ibid., p. 320
477 LudendorfF (1919), pp. 241—42
478 Daniel, U., The War from Within: German Women in the First World War (Berg,
Oxford, 1997), p. 203
479 Bundesarchiv-Militärarchiv Freiburg, PH 1011/73
480 Quoted in Englund (2011), pp. 258—59
481 Watson (2014), p. 324
482 ibid., p. 365
483 Herwig (1977), pp. 273-76
484 Aider, D., Friedrich Adler: Evolution ofa Revolutionary in German Studies Review
(Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore) 1 (3) (1978), pp. 276-79
485 LudendorfF (1919), pp. 255—56
486 ibid., pp. 240-41
487 Bundesarchiv-Militärarchiv Freiburg, RM 5/2971
488 LudendorfF (1919), p. 243
489 Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States 1916 (US Department
of State, Washington) Supplement, p. 94
446
Notes
490 For a detailed account of the peace proposals of late 1916, see Brunauer, E., The
Peace Proposals of December 1916—January 1917 in Journal of Modern History
(University of Chicago Press) vol. 4 (4) (1932), pp. 544—71
491 Zeynek (2009), pp. 261—64
492 Weber, M., Mommsen, W. and Schwentker, W., Zur Neuordnung Deutschlands
(Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen, 1984), p. 175
493 Ludendorff (1919), p. 258
494 ibid., p. 261
495 Sondhaus (2000), pp. 192-99
496 Peball, K., Führungsfragen der Österreichisch-Ungarischen Südtiroloffensive im Jahre
1916 in Mitteilungen des Österreichischen Staatsarchivs (Vienna) vol. 31 (1978), p.
421
497 Knox (1921), p. 488
498 Paleologue (1923), vol. 3, p. 213
499 Stone (1975), pp. 280-81
500 Gurko (1919), pp. 210—11
501 Knox (1921), pp. 512-13
502 Brusilov (1967), p. 72
503 Alexei Vladimirovich, Iz Dnevnika A VRomanova za 1916—1977gg in Krasnyi
Archiv (Leningrad) vol. 26 (1928), p. 188
504 Buchanan, G., My Mission to Russia and Other Diplomatic Memories (Cassell,
London, 1923), vol. 2, p. 51
505 ibid., pp. 28—29
506 Paleologue (1923), vol. 3, p. 210
507 Knox (1921), pp. 515-16
508 Buchanan (1923), vol. 2, p. 41
509 ibid., pp. 45—46
510 Paleologue (1923), vol. 3, p. 201
447
INDEX
Note: page numbers in bold refer to maps and illustrations.
1905 Revolution, the 92
Act of 5 November 412—413
Adler, Friedrich 407
age profile of German Army rank and
file 46
agricultural production 39, 40, 45, 119,
403-404, 405-406
Alexandra, Tsarina 53,58, 113, 114, 115,
116, 295, 309, 420, 422-423, 424,
425-426, 428
Alexeyev, Gen Mikhail Vasiliyevich 51,
52, 55-56, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 68,
71, 75, 80, 87, 88, 89, 93, 107,
109, 112, 116, 123, 125, 137-138,
153, 172-173, 175, 187, 188,
191-192, 202, 208, 220, 226,
237, 245, 246, 255, 262, 269, 277,
280-282, 289, 290, 293, 295, 296,
308-309, 329, 353, 393, 394, 420,
424-425
Amt Für Volksemährung (office for the
peoples food) 405
Andrassy, Gyula 253
Andrian, Leopold von 36, 37
Anglo-French forces in Macedonia 317,
323, 326, 352, 408, 416
Anglo-Russian relations 424
anti-Semitism 401
Antonescu, Capt Ion 320, 381
Arghirescu, Gen Nicolae 328
aristocracy in the German Army 195, 400
arms and munitions supply 19, 52,
56-57, 59, 62, 68, 77-78, 79, 94,
96, 140, 148, 150, 169, 187, 216,
355-356, 414-415
army strengths and complements 46,
89,91,93, 123,211-212, 236,
245-246, 258, 275, 311, 312, 319,
326-327, 340-341, 371, 393
artillery-infantry feuds 71,77
artillery tactics 71, 76, 98, 100, 113, 118,
123-124, 126, 128, 140-141,
142-143, 144-145, 147, 164, 179,
229, 262
Arz von Straussenberg, Gen Arthur 177—
178, 183, 184, 204, 319, 320, 323,
340, 341,343, 370,417
Aslan, Gen Mihai 318, 332
Auffenberg, Moritz von 161
455
Russia’s Last Gasp
Austin armoured cars 143
Austro-Hungarian Empire, the 24, 36, 37,
41-42, 220, 221, 239, 252-233,
273, 274, 377
Austro-Hungarian military strategy 20,
23-24, 81, 129, 133, 134-135,
138-140, 144, 151, 160, 166,
167, 172, 176, 177-178, 179-182,
183-185, 186, 193, 194,206,
207-208, 209, 210-211, 216-217,
220-221, 230-231, 243, 251-252,
271, 280, 282-283, 291-292,
307-308, 338-339, 418-419 see
also k.u.k. (kaiserlich und königlich —
Imperial and Royal) Army
Austro-Hungarian plans in the Balkans
28-29, 41-45
Averescu, Gen Alexandru 321, 332, 333,
335, 349, 352, 358, 359-360, 382
Baluev, Petr Semenovich 96, 98, 108,
109, 112
Banat region 303
Barantsov, Mikhail Alexandrovich 156, 206
Bardolf, Gen 282
Basarabescu, Gen Ion 332
Batocki-Friebe, Adolf Tortilowicz von 36,
37, 38, 405
Bauer, Oberst Max 414
Beckmann, Generalleutnant Max 275—
276
Beletsky, Stepan 114
Belgian independence 410, 412
Below, Gen Otto von 85, 91
Belyaev, Gen Mikhail Alexeyevich
168-169, 423
Benígni, Feldmarschallleutnant Siegmund
von 146, 153, 156, 165, 179, 180,
185, 239
Berndt, Generalmajor Otto 150
Bernhardi, Gen Friedrich von 156, 200,
201-202, 212, 215, 217, 230,
236-237, 242, 284
Bernstorff, Johann Heinrich von 410, 411
Berthelot, Gen Henri 364-365, 374, 382,
387-388
Beseler, Generaloberst Hans Hartwig von
39
Bethmann-Hollweg, Chancellor Theobald
von 33, 34-35, 315, 336, 410,
411,412
Bezobrazov, Gen Vladimir Mikhailovich
67, 246, 247, 256, 257, 268, 277,
280, 283, 284, 286, 294, 295
Birzhevye Vedompsti (newspaper) 114
Bismarck, Otto von 35
Black-Yellow Offensive, the 54, 61, 80,
113, 120, 175
Boer War 391
Bohm-Ermolli, Gen Eduard von 67—68,
142, 144, 157, 207, 208, 209-210,
250, 251, 259, 261, 278, 282, 291
Bolfras, Generaloberst Arthur von
249-250
Bonaparte, Napoleon 21, 121, 381
Boroevic, Generaloberst Svetova von 253
Bothmer, Gen Felix von 67, 130,
179, 183, 184, 186, 203, 206,
207, 208, 209, 221, 251, 259,
277-278, 291, 293
Bothmer s Southern Flank 205
Brasov (Kronstadt) 358, 359, 361—363,
364, 371,396
Bratianu, Ion 64, 65, 301—302, 303—304,
307, 308, 309-310, 311, 312, 317,
318, 320, 321, 331, 333, 335, 360
Brinken, Alexander Fridrikovoch 184
British adaptability to food shortages 409
British Army: Royal Engineers 391; West
Yorkshire Regiment 227
British military strategy 77
456
Index
Brody, Battle of 258, 259-261,278
Bruchmuller, Georg 118
Brusilov, Gen Alexei Alexeyevich 51, 55,
62,63,66, 68, 120-122, 124,
125-130, 131, 132, 137-139,
140-141, 154, 165, 166,
173, 174-175, 176, 187-189,
192, 197, 202-203, 208, 210,
211,214, 222, 224-225, 231,
235,236, 243-244, 245, 246,
247,261, 277, 280-282,
283, 289-290, 296, 298, 314,
328-329, 332, 420, 422
Brusilov Offensive, the 140—157, 141,
145, 148, 158-166, 168-170, 172,
175-182, 181, 183-186, 187, 192,
199, 200-209, 201, 205, 228, 237,
255, 257, 270, 309, 310, 311, 393,
397, 399
Buchanan, George 424, 425, 426—427
Bucharest, Battle of 378, 382-391, 383
Bukovina 65, 168, 186, 196, 200, 209,
210, 225, 237, 252, 303, 311
Bulgarian ambitions in the Balkans
42-43, 44, 324
Bulgarian Army 317, 322, 328, 331,
333-334, 368, 369, 384, 390, 401,
416; Divisions: 1st Infantry 327,
330, 350, 375-376, 377-378,
390—391; 2nd Infantry Division
375; 4th Infantry 327; Third Army
325, 326, 335, 350, 370
Bulgarian military strategy 334—335
Burián, Stephan 25, 42, 81, 305, 410, 411
Bussche, Hilmar von dem 305
Cadorna, Marshall Luigi 136, 198, 199,
220
Carlotti, Marchese Andrea 136
Carol I, King 64, 300, 301, 304
Carpathian Mountains 24, 26, 47, 49, 62,
63, 65, 119, 121, 124, 135, 225,
281-282,381,418
casualties 46, 47, 58, 59, 61, 63, 71, 73,
74, 75, 76, 80, 85, 98-99, 101,
103, 105, 109, 110, 132, 135, 136,
144, 151, 156, 164, 193, 197, 198,
210, 213, 215, 225, 227-228,
233, 236, 245, 249, 257-258, 261,
269, 271-272, 286, 287, 293, 294,
298, 322, 330-331, 352, 383, 386,
399-400, 413-414, 416, 419
Catherine the Great, Empress 112
cavalry, role of 102—103, 164, 174, 175,
177, 178, 180, 206, 207, 209, 210,
211, 212, 228, 232, 233, 266-267,
271, 372, 374, 378, 381, 385, 397
Central Powers’ intentions in Poland
36-37, 38-40, 50, 192
Central Powers strategy 28, 45, 49, 117,
118- 119, 136, 137
Chantilly conference, the 27—28, 45, 46,
59, 63, 76, 84, 87, 122-123, 136,
196, 226, 228, 293
Chelnikov, mayor of Moscow 78
Christescu, Gen Constantin 312
Chudenitz, Ottokar Czernin von und zu
64,304-306
civilian unrest in Germany and Austria-
Hungary 406—407
Clausius, Hermann 263
command reassignments and restructuring
184, 209-210, 231, 235, 237, 238,
240, 245, 249-250, 263, 282, 294,
314, 332, 358, 361, 378, 417
command structures 51—52, 54—56,
107-108, 109, 110-111, 112,
119- 123,194-195, 196
commander intrigue and rivalries
107-108, 109, 110-111, 112,
120- 122, 137-138, 186-187,
198, 218-220, 230, 238, 239, 246,
457
Russia’s Last Gasp
249-250, 253-254, 272-273,
274-275, 282, 290, 294-296,
328-329, 363, 371-372, 383, 400,
416-417
Congress of Berlin 302, 310, 318, 320
Conrad von Hötzendorf, Franz 23, 24,
28, 29, 30, 41, 43, 47, 48-49,
61-62, 74, 81, 86, 113, 119, 130,
132, 133, 134-135, 136, 157, 158,
161, 162, 170, 171-172, 175, 177,
179, 184, 186, 191, 193, 194, 195,
197-199, 208, 209, 215, 217,
218-219, 220, 221, 230, 231,
239-240, 248, 249, 251, 252-253,
254, 259, 262, 272, 274, 277, 278,
279, 291-292, 293, 298, 304, 306,
307-308, 314-315, 316, 338, 339,
416-419
Conrad von Hötzendorf, Herbert 194
conscription exemptions 57
Constanta port, Romania 369—370, 393
Constantine I, King 416
Conta, Gen Richard von 63, 252, 280, 293
Cossacks 180, 185, 204, 265-266, 419 see
also cavalry, role of
Crainiceanu, Gen Grigo re 335, 358
Cramon, August 29, 133—134, 135, 136,
197, 199,219, 252
Csanády von Békés, Feldmarschalileutnant
Friedrich 200, 229, 230, 236, 276
Culcer, Gen Ion 321, 365
Czech POWs in the Russian Army 68
Czech units in the k. u,k. Army 47, 48,
195-196, 299, 300
Czernowitz 120, 134, 185, 206-207, 209
DaHinger, Feldwebel 373
Danilov, Yuri 52
Dankl, Generaloberst Viktor 135,198
Danube Flotilla (Austro-Hungarian
warships) 349, 351, 376, 378,
390; Barch (gunboat) 351;
Bodrog (monitor) 351—352; Errns
(monitor) 352; Körös (monitor)
351-352; Traun (monitor) 352;
Viza (gunboat) 351
Daubner, Oberstleutnant Samuel 204, 205
Daugava front, the 80, 89, 110, 118, 122,
123,134
desertions and deserters 48, 58, 69, 85,
95, 131, 134, 275,328,392
Diterikhs, Mikhail Konstantinovich 121
Dmitri Pavlovich, Grand Duke 294, 295,
421,422, 423
Dobruja front 307, 308, 309, 323-324,
325, 328-329, 332, 333, 350, 352,
367-368, 369, 370, 375, 376, 381,
393, 397
Dobrzansky, Col 143
Dragalina, Gen loan 365
Dragomirov, Abram Mikhailovich 232,
233-234
Duca, Ion 382
Duma, the 53, 58, 79, 113, 114, 309,
422, 425
Eastern Front, the 19—20, 26
Eastern Front south of Pripet 260
Eben, Gen Johannes von 292
Eichhorn, Gen Hermann von 83, 91, 95,
96, 102,255
electoral franchises 404
Elmer, Generalmajor 74, 76
Elstermann von Elster, Generalleutnant
Hugo 357
Enkel, Col 137
Entente Powers, the 27—28, 45-46,
59-60, 63, 65, 200, 303-304, 311,
333, 396, 426
Epp, Oberstleutnant Franz Ritter von 342
458
Index
Eugen, Archduke 135,198,199,215,
221,228
Evert, Gen Alexei Ermolayevich 55, 87,
88, 89, 91-92, 94, 97-98, 102,
107, 112, 125, 126, 137, 153, 175,
187-188, 189, 197, 202, 222, 224,
228, 229, 233, 235, 243, 245, 277
expulsions of civilians 37—38
Fabeck, Gen Max von 91
Falkenhayn, Gen Erich von 20—23,
24-25, 28-30, 32, 34-35, 39, 41,
43, 61-62, 65, 74, 80, 84, 85-86,
87, 118, 130, 133-134, 136-137,
157, 158, 171, 172, 186, 191, 199,
209, 217, 218-219, 220-221, 222,
223, 231, 239-240, 251-252,
253-254, 262, 278, 293, 299, 304,
306-307, 308, 313-316, 323, 324,
335-337, 340, 341, 342, 343-345,
346, 347, 348, 353, 354, 358-359,
360-361, 363, 365, 370-372, 379,
380, 383-385, 387, 388, 391, 397,
400-401,408,414,416
Farmborough, Florence 279—280
Fath, Gen Heinrich 215, 230, 231, 241,
242, 244, 247
features of successful offensives 214
Fedotov, Lt-Gen Ivan Ivanovitch 176
Ferdinand, Archduke Frederick 142, 161,
182, 186, 194, 254, 407, 417
Ferdinand, Archduke Joseph 68,
130-131, 139, 148, 149, 150-151,
152, 154, 155, 157, 159, 160,
161-162, 338, 339
Ferdinand, Archduke Karl 135, 198, 221,
237, 238, 239, 254-255, 278, 279,
280, 281, 283, 289, 291, 292, 324,
371, 377, 418; as emperor 407,
408, 417
Ferdinand, Franz, Archduke 170, 407
Ferdinand, Maximilian, Emperor of
Mexico 377
Ferdinand, Rudolf 377
Ferdinand, Zita, Empress 417
Ferdinand I, King 65, 300, 305, 321
Ferdinand I, King (Romania) 323, 332,
333, 346
First Balkan War, the 44
Fischer, Fritz 34
Flamanda Manoeuvre 349—353, 358, 375
food shortages 403-^04, 405-A07, 409,
423, 425
Fort Vaux, capture of 171
Franco-Prussian War (1871), the 34
Franz Joseph, Emperor 37, 130, 238, 253,
376-377, 407, 412
Frederick the Great, King 105
French Army 84, 87, 123, 171, 221,
309-310, 315, 399, 400, 408;
Sixth Army 227
French military mission in Romania
364-365, 374, 382, 387-388
French military strategy 84, 85
Friedrichs, Count 78
Friemel Heights 104, 105
Galicia, Battle of 61—63, 65, 67—78, 69,
119, 130, 194,418
Gallwitz, Gen Max von 400
German Army 16—117, 32, 46—47, 85,
416; Abteilung Kaufmann 325,
327, 328, 330, 331; advance into
Russia 62; Armeegruppe Woyrsch
219; Armies: First Army 68;
Second Army 67—68, 392; Eighth
Army 22, 85, 91, 110; Ninth Army
335, 336, 341, 345, 346, 356, 358,
359, 361, 370, 372, 376, 378, 379,
380, 381, 383, 386, 389-390, 392,
400; Tenth Army 91; Eleventh
Army 86; Army of the Bug 63,
459
Russia’s Last Gasp
130, 192; Danube Army 381,
383-384, 385, 388, 400; South
Army 67, 179, 183, 184,203,
204, 206, 221, 277, 291, 293;
Battalions: 40th Foot Artillery 83;
Württemberg Mountain 371,
372—374; Brigades: 2nd Bicycle
372; 2nd Jäger 252; 7th Cavalry
347; 8th Mountain 356, 361, 362,
363, 387; 25th Rifle 149; 89th
Landwehr 154; Corps: Alpenkorps
340, 341, 342, 343, 344, 345, 346,
347, 348, 353, 361, 370, 391,
392; Karpatenkorps 280, 281, 293;
Kavalleriekorps Schmettow 339,
353,354, 356, 361,365,371,
374; Korps Falkenhayn 223, 229; X
211, 223, 224, 226, 262, 263; XXI
95, 116; XL 82, 83-84, 276; LIV
371; I Reserve 337-338, 339, 347,
354, 359, 361, 362, 363, 375; X
Reserve 375; XXXIX Reserve 339,
340, 341, 344, 345, 346, 347,
353, 354, 356, 361, 362, 363;
Divisions: 7th Bavarian Infantry
356; 8th Bavarian Infantry 370;
10th Bavarian Infantry 370; 1 Ith
Bavarian Infantry 216, 217, 237,
241, 242, 365, 370, 383-384,
385, 388; 12th Bavarian Infantry
386, 391, 392; 3rd Cavalry 339;
9th Cavalry 217, 223, 247; 1st
Infantry 252; 19th Infantry 211;
20th Infantry 211; 22nd Infantry
223; 41st Infantry 371; 89th
Infantry 339, 343-344, 346, 347,
353—354, 361; 101 st Infantry
307; 105th Infantry 183, 186,
205, 279; 107th Infantry 230,
287; 108th Infantry 223, 247,
248, 275; 109th Infantry 371;
119th Infantry 279, 381; 121st
Infantry 244, 288; 187th Infantry
339, 341,345,346, 359,361;
195th Infantry 29; 197th Infantry
292; 217th Infantry 350, 367,
368, 375, 377, 378, 383, 384,
385; 1st Landtvehr Infantry 263;
1st Reserve Infantry 238, 252;
43rd Reserve Infantry 223;
48th Reserve Infantry 184; 75th
Reserve Infantry 99, 107; 76th
Reserve Infantry 345, 357—368,
361, 364; 79th Reserve Infantry
83; 80th Reserve Infantry 96,
275; Gruppe Kneussl 371, 385;
Gruppe Kraffi 387; Heeresgruppe
Linsingen 63, 68, 130, 171, 283
Oher Ost (Supreme Commander
of all German forces in the east)
22, 23, 24, 25, 32, 38-39, 80,
85, 91, 96, 110, 118, 134, 167,
172, 218, 219-220, 232, 251,
314, 363, 419—420 OHL (Oberste
Heeresleitung — Army High
Command) 22, 25, 33, 43, 49,
85, 133, 167, 170, 172, 198, 199,
208, 217, 218-219, 220, 243,
251, 254, 278, 313, 314, 338,
341, 343, 358, 360, 361, 363,
370, 371, 372, 376, 378, 380,
383, 400, 402, 410, 414, 417
Polish Legion 62, 192—193, 240,
241, 242, 243, 263, 264, 268,
338, 412 Regiments: Bavarian
Life Guards Infantry 344; 40th
Infantry 150; 95th Infantry 154;
152nd Infantry Regiment German
Order 388; 250th Infantry 97;
251st Infantry 97; 252nd Infantry
356—357; 25th Landwehr Infantry
150; 82nd Szekler 319
460
Index
German-Austro-Hungarian relations
48-49, 85—86, 130-131, 133-134,
150,157-158, 167-168, 170,
171-172, 182-183,218-219,
220-221, 238-239, 251-255,
272-273, 279, 314-315, 412-413,
416-417
German—Bulgarian relations 369—370
German Empire, the 34
German military strategy 20—23, 26, 28,
30, 32-34, 35, 36, 49, 71, 85-86,
96, 98, 123-124, 127-128, 157-
158, 170-171, 219-220, 251-252,
293, 314-315, 323-326, 340-342,
345-346, 348, 356, 359, 360-361,
365, 367, 370-372, 375-376,
379-380, 383-385, 399-402,
408-409, 413, 414-415, 416, 424
German Navy 409
German occupation of Romania 401—403
‘German phalanx,’ the 126
German—Romanian alliance treaty 307
Germany and the Balkans 42^43, 44
Gillenschmidt, Jakov Fedorovich 139,
155, 158, 174, 211
Golitsyn, Nikolai 423
Goltz, Generalmajor Karl von der 375,
377, 378, 385
Gorbatovsky, Gen Vladimir Nikolayevich
89
Goremykin, Ivan Logginovitch 53, 54, 119
Grand Cross of the Order of Leopold 250
Greek Army 416
Griffith, Maj John 391, 396
Grigorescu, Gen Eremia 362
Gripenberg, Col 111—112
Groener, Gen Wilhelm 414-415
Guchkov, Alexander Ivanovich 52—53, 119
‘Gunther,’ Austrian agent 312
Gurko, Gen Vasily Iosifovich 50, 89,
90, 295-296, 297-298, 393, 413,
420,422
Haas, Generalmajor 176
Habermann, Feldmarschallleutnant
Ferdinand von 238
Hadfy von Livno, Feldmarschallleutnant
Emmer ich 185
Hafenstein, Gen 239
Haig, Field Marshal Douglas 84
Hammann, Otto 33, 35
Hammerstein-Equord, Oberst Kurt von
306,311,331
harvest leave in Romania 306
Hauer, Gen Leopold Freiherr von
230-231, 242, 247
Hell, Oberst Emil 272, 401
Henriquez, Gen Johann Ritter von 232
Hentsch, Oberstleutnant Richard 324,
325,390-391
Hermannstadt, Battle of 340—348, 342
Herrgott, Maj Adolf 240
Hesse, Oberst Hans 336
Hindenburg, Gen Paul von 22, 23, 24,
25, 80, 171, 218, 219-220, 243,
251, 252, 253, 254, 272, 282, 283,
289, 291, 298-299, 313, 314, 315,
341, 363, 376, 400, 410, 413, 414,
416-417
Hindenburg Heights bombardment
82-83
Hindenburg Programme 4l4, 415
Hider, Adolf 301
Hoffmann, Max 25, 80, 85—86, 95, 96,
118,134, 167-168
HofFmansthal, Hugo von 36
Hohenlohe, Gottfried 37
Holtzendorff, Adm Henning von 409
Honved (Hungarian home guard) 72 see
also k.u.k. (kaiserlich undköniglich)
horses 31—32, 228, 355, 397 see also
cavalry, role of
Huber, Oberst Josef 343—344
Hungarian defence of Transylvania
319-320
461
Russia’s Last Gasp
Hungary 304-305, 319-320
Hungary and the Dual Monarchy 36,
38, 41-42, 62, 65, 253, 304-305,
404^406, 408,417
Hutier, Gen Oskar von 95
Hypothesis Z 311—312, 319, 320, 322,
332, 333
Ignatiev, Alexei Nikolayevich, Count 296
Ignatiev, Pavel Nikolayevich, Count 114
Iliescu, Gen Dumitru 312, 318
industrialisation 19
infantry—artillery coordination 71, 76—77,
82, 128-129, 228, 231
intelligence 131, 306, 312, 341-342, 361,
384-385
Isonzo offensive 220, 293, 399, 418
Italian ambitions 81, 86, 198
Italian Army 28, 76, 86, 136—137, 197,
198, 215, 226, 228, 293, 399, 418
Ivanov, Gen Nikolai Iudevich 54, 55—56,
61,62, 65, 66, 68,71,74, 75,
• 76, 77, 89, 119-120, 121, 122,
175, 199
Jagow, Gottlieb von 37
Jazlowiek, capture of 164, 165
Jiu Valley, Transylvania 365, 366, 371,
372-374
JofFre, Marshal Joseph 27—28, 84, 85,
86-87, 88, 89, 293
Jutland, Battle of 167
Kaiser, Feldmarschallleutnant Julius 215,
241, 267
Kakowski, Aleksander, Cardinal 412
Kaledin, Gen Alexei Maximovich 120,
125-126, 138, 139, 147-148, 152,
153, 155, 158, 164, 173, 174, 175,
176, 177, 178, 187, 192, 196,
202-203, 208, 210, 211, 222,
224, 236, 237, 242, 243, 256, 270,
276-277, 280, 288, 289, 296, 393
Keiemen, Pal 406
Khanjin, Gen 297, 394
Khvostov, Alexander Alexeyich 113—114
Khvostov, Alexei Nikolayevich 54
Kingdom of Poland 411,412
Kirchbach, Gen Karl Graf 240
Kiselov, Gen Panteley 327, 328, 330, 331
Kitchener, Lord 65
Klembovsky, Vladislav Napoleonovich
120, 127, 280
Kneussl, Generalleutnant Paul Ritter von
242, 365, 371,385, 388
Knobelsdorf, Gen Schmidt von 400
Knox, Alfred 55, 56-57, 58-59, 67, 78,
90, 112, 115-116, 121, 189-190,
203, 233-235, 269-270, 284-287,
294, 297-298, 299-300, 329,
393-394, 419, 420-421, 424-425
Kolev, Gen 368
Kolomea 185,225
Komarów, Battle of 161
Kondruss, Leutnant Hans 99,103—107,
109-110
Korda, Gen Ignaz Edler von 70, 72—73,
180, 185, 206, 207, 209, 238
Kornilov, Gen Lavr Georgeyevich
299-300
Kosak, Feldmarschallleutnant Ferdinand
261
Kosch, Gen Robert 375, 377, 378
Kostiuchnówka, Battle of 192—193
Kovel, Battle of 256-257, 261-272,
276-279, 280-281, 283-293,296,
393, 424
Kövesz von Kövesshaza, Gen Hermann
von 28, 29, 134, 135, 240, 279,
281, 292, 293
Krafft von Dellmensingen,
Generalleutnant Konrad 340, 341,
361,363, 384, 390
462
ÍNDEX
Kralowetz von Hohenrecht, Gottlieb 152,
160-161, 165—166
Kraus, Karl 48
Krauss, Gen Alfred 47, 135, 136, 198
Kriegsamt (war office — Germany)
414-415
Kriegsernährungsamt (war food office) 405
Kries, Wolfgang von 39
Krimov, Gen Alexander 138
Kühne, Gen Victor 371, 379, 385
k. u.k. (kaiserlich und königlich) 23, 24, 26,
28, 30, 44-45, 47, 49, 61, 63-64,
68, 76, 80, 86, 117, 118-119,
129-130, 132, 139-140, 193-194,
304, 312, 360, 404, 408, 417 AOK
(Armee Oberkommando — Army
High Command) 24, 29, 49, 133,
134, 136, 155, 158, 161, 170, 171,
179, 184, 185, 198, 199, 207, 212,
218-219, 223-224, 240, 243,
249-250, 251, 252, 272, 291,
308, 314, 338, 360, 361, 417, 418
Armies: First Army 143—144,155,
171, 176, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210,
211, 216-217, 222, 223, 229, 248,
249-250, 319, 322, 341, 346, 370,
376; Second Army 142, 143, 155,
156, 157, 207, 208, 209, 250, 259,
282, 291; Third Army 28—29, 135,
162, 240, 274, 292, 293; Fourth
Army 68, 93, 130, 139, 142, 144,
148, 149, 150, 154, 155, 157, 158,
161, 162, 163-164, 168, 170, 171,
174, 176, 177, 183, 192, 193, 196,
200, 206, 209, 211, 212, 214, 215,
216-217, 222, 223, 224, 229, 236,
248, 253, 263, 270, 271, 272,
274-275, 276, 280, 282, 296, 397;
Seventh Army 67, 130, 144, 146,
168, 171, 177, 178, 179-180, 182,
183, 186, 193, 196, 200, 205, 206,
208, 215, 220, 221, 238-239, 253,
281,413; Eighth Army 255; Tenth
Army (Heeresgruppe Scholtz) 255;
Eleventh Army 135; Twelfth Army
238, 239, 255, 281; Heeresegruppe
Dniester 238; Heeresgruppe
Erzherzog Thronfolger 254;
Heeresgruppe Linsingen 283 Asiago
offensive 197—199, 228 Brigades:
7th Infantry 241; 79th Honvéd
Infantry 144, 146, 156 Corps: I
Corps 221; II Corps 139,155,
202, 215, 241, 242, 263, 267, 268;
IV Corps 290, 291; V Corps 291;
VI Corps 70, 71, 177, 183, 184,
203-204, 209, 319; VIII Corps
237; X Corps 139-140,142,
146-147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152,
153, 154-155, 157, 158, 159-160,
161, 163, 165-166, 176, 178, 200,
211,217, 222, 223, 229-230,
236, 263, 271, 276; XI Corps 70,
72-73, 74, 75, 76, 180, 181, 206,
207, 238; XII Corps 228, 232;
XIII Corps 164, 177, 178, 184,
203, 238, 278; XX Corps 135,
198;XXIV Corps 147, 151, 159,
163, 176, 178 Kavallerie Korps
Brudermann 206, 209; Korps Fath
240—241, 263, 264; Korps Gerock
68 Divisions: 1st Cavalry 339; 2nd
Cavalry 177; 3rd Cavalry 156;
10th Cavalry 275; 1st Infantry
263; 2nd Infantry 142, 147, 149,
150, 164; 4th Infantry 218, 268;
7th Infantry 132, 163, 176, 223;
11th Infantry 63, 163, 230, 236,
271, 275; 12th Infantry 73, 184;
13th Infantry 150, 160, 164; 14th
Infantry 292; 15th Infantry 156,
164—165, 177; 16th Infantry 228;
463
Russia’s Last Gasp
24th Infantry 180, 210; 25th
Infantry 144, 148, 151, 259; 26th
Infantry 263; 27th Infantry 259;
29th Infantry 155, 268, 287; 33rd
Infantry 249, 250; 35th Infantry
232; 42nd Infantry 144, 146,
156; 45th Infantry 263; 46th
Infantry 231; 48th Infantry 183,
186, 206, 207; 51st Infantry 322;
53rd Infantry 240, 263, 283; 59th
Infantry 237; 61st Infantry 210,
213-214, 217, 222, 223, 248, 338,
340; 70th Infantry 147, 338; 71st
Infantry 321, 346, 347, 353, 361,
362; 72nd Infantry 339; 82nd
Infantry 149; 108th Infantry 222,
236; 37th Honvéd Infantry 158,
160; 39th Honvéd Infantry 204,
339, 340; 40th Honvéd Infantry
74; 41st Honvéd Infantry 265,
267, 284, 287; 51st Honvéd
Infantry 319, 339, 345, 353, 359,
361; 70th Honvéd Infantry 151,
153-154, 270, 271, 275; 43rd
Reserve Infantry 216, 217, 222;
13th Rifle 63, 149, 150, 151, 288;
21st Rifle 278; 26th Rifle 264;
44th Rifle 237; 45th Rifle 241,
242; 46th Rifle 155, 176, 248-249
ethnic problems 47—48, 195—196,
273, 300 Gruppen: Armeegruppe
Marwitz 263; Gruppe Beckmann
263; Gruppe Benigni 144—145,
146, 153, 156, 165, 178, 180,
181-182, 183, 225, 231, 237;
Gruppe Bernhardt 200—201,209,
211, 212, 214-215, 223, 230,
284; Gruppe Brudermann 280;
Gruppe Clausius 263, 264; Gruppe
Falkenhayn 222, 223, 236, 259;
Gruppe Fath 202, 215, 218, 236,
242, 244, 245; Gruppe Gronau
263; Gruppe Hadfy 183, 205, 238,
278; Gruppe Hauer 236, 240, 241,
244, 263; Gruppe Kneussl 263;
Gruppe Kosak 259, 261; Gruppe
Küttner 241; Gruppe Leonhardi
248, 271; Gruppe Marwitz 223,
230, 231, 236, 237, 248, 259, 274,
275; Gruppe Rusche 263; Gruppe
Szurmay 139, 222, 263, 270, 274,
275 Landsturm battalions 69—70,
73, 206, 209, 241, 248, 291, 322,
342, 375 Operations Bureau 413
Kukhari Wood 284-289
Kundmann, Oberst Rudolf 132—133
Kuropatkin, Gen Alexei Nikolayevich
89-90, 123, 125, 172-173, 187,
188, 197, 222, 224, 235, 236, 296
Lake Naroch offensive (March 1917)
89-112, 92, 116-117, 164,
166-167, 189,219, 419
Lange, Hauptmann 388
Langlois, HipoIIyte 313
Lazovert, Stanislaus de 421
Lechitsky, Gen Platon Alexeyevich 66, 67,
69, 70, 72, 73, 74, 75, 84, 125,
138, 144, 147, 153, 156, 178,
181-182, 185, 196, 205, 208-209,
210, 225, 237, 239, 251, 277, 278,
279, 281-282, 292, 293, 320
Leonhardi, Feldmarschallleutnant Theodor
von 223,248
Leopold, Prince 171, 219, 232, 243, 255,
262, 277, 314
Lesh, Gen Leonid Vilgelmovich 67, 210,
222, 224, 242, 244, 245, 257, 277,
281, 283
Liefeld, Maj 364
Limanowa-Lapanow, Battle of 319
Linsingen, Gen Alexander von 62—63, 74,
130-131, 150, 151, 154, 155, 157,
464
Index
158, 159, 161, 162, 163, 164, 167,
168, 171, 177, 187, 196, 201, 209,
210, 211, 213-214, 215, 216, 217,
220, 222-223, 226, 230, 236, 237,
241, 242, 243, 247, 248, 255, 271,
272- 273, 274, 277, 282, 289
Litvinov, Gen Alexander Ivanovich 91
Litzmann, Gen Karl 82, 83, 84, 102, 272,
273- 275, 276, 283
Lobanov-Rostovsky, Andrei 284
Lochow, Gen Ewald von 400
Łódź, Battle of 83, 93, 272
logistical problems 31 see also supply lines
Lubomirski, Zdzisław, Prince 412
Ludendorff, Gen-Maj Erich 22, 23, 25,
38, 39-40, 48, 80, 95, 118, 168,
219, 243, 251, 254, 267, 272, 282,
289, 314, 315, 341, 359, 363, 372,
376, 379, 380, 383, 400, 402,
407-408, 410, 413, 414-416, 417
Ludwig III, King 376
Lutsk 139, 144, 147, 151, 154, 155, 157,
158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163-164,
165, 171, 173, 174, 175, 176, 178,
187, 196
Lutsk Salient, the 201 209, 210—226,
213, 229-233, 236-237, 239-245,
247-249, 250-251, 393, 397, 419
Lüttwitz, Gen Freiherr von 347
Lüttwitz, Generalleutnant Walther von
211, 223
Lvov, Prince 78
Lyncker, Gen Baron von 313—314
Mackensen, Generalfeldmarschall August
von 24, 26, 28, 41, 44, 49, 51, 62,
65, 71, 123, 124, 126, 172, 187,
214, 218, 225, 240, 251, 256, 290,
303, 307, 315-316, 317, 323-326,
334-335, 350,352,367, 368-369,
370, 371, 372, 374-376, 377, 378,
381, 383, 384, 385, 388-390,
401-402, 411
Manasevich-Manuilov, Ivan 114
manpower shortages 57—58, 79, 413—416
map of the Eastern Front (1915—16) 18
Marasescu, Col Nicolae 331
March 1916 Russian offensive 131—132
Maria, Tsarina 423
Maria Theresa, Empress 274
Marne, Battle of the 20, 32, 253, 374, 382
Marterer, FeldmarschalUeutnant Ferdinand
Ritter von 25, 193, 194
Martiny, Gen Hugo 139, 148, 149—150,
151, 154, 155, 159-160, 166
Marwitz, Gen Georg von der 209, 211,
212, 214, 216, 217, 223, 229, 236,
247, 248, 249, 259, 283, 294, 400
Masalsky, Prince 111
Masurian Lakes, Battles of the 22, 49, 83,
272,419
Masurian Lakes, Second Battle of the 23,
275, 375
Maximilian, Prince 400
mechanisation of firepower 414
medals and awards 82, 107, 112, 120,
250, 298, 375
Melior, Generalleutnant Theodor 291
Mengelbier, Oberstleutnant 83—84
military strategy 20, 26—28
milk supplies 403—404
Milne, Gen George 310
misplaced expectations by military
decision-makers 31
Mitteleuropa (book) 35
Mitteleuropa concept 33—36
Mogilev meeting of Russian front
commanders 122—123, 124—126
Moltke, Helmuth von 20, 48
Moltke the Elder, Gen Helmuth von 380
morale 23, 52, 57, 58, 61, 68, 78, 80, 85,
100, 112-113, 117, 137, 147, 167,
465
Russia’s Last Gasp
177, 203, 211-212, 214, 237,
238-239, 240, 274, 298, 365,
385,419
Morgen, Gen Curt von 337—340, 347,
353-354, 356, 339, 361-362, 363,
372, 386, 387
natural resources of Romania 379,
391-392, 402-403
Naumann, Friedrich 33
Negrescu, Adm Nicolae 349
Nerezov, Gen Stefan 370
Nicholas II, Tsar 26, 51-52, 53-54, 58,
75, 88, 113, 114, 115, 116, 120,
122, 137, 169, 188, 189, 191, 246,
290, 295, 413, 420, 422, 423, 424,
425-428
Niculescu-Rizea, Cmdr Constantin 349,
351
Nikolai, Grand Duke 26, 51, 56, 90,
107, 191
Nilov, Adm Konstantin 427
Northern Front 55, 89, 90, 91, 123, 137,
218, 235, 237, 296
Nüchternheit values 400
Obauer, Generalmajor Rudolf 230, 236
Octobrist Movement, the 52—53, 119
officer and rank-and-file relations 46,
234-235, 254, 400
Olberg, Hauptmann von 104,105
Oit valley 356, 380, 381
Opokhenie (‘home guard’ or local militia)
of Russia 57, 58, 94, 113
Oppeln-Bronikowski, Lt-Gen Hermann
von 184
Order of St. Alexander Nevsky, the 112
Orlov, Prince 79
Oskar, Prince 82, 83, 102
Oskin, Dmitri 244—245
Ostermuth, Feldmarschallleutnant Johann
211, 212, 217
Ostrowski, Josef 412
Ottoman Empire, the 335—336, 390
Ovid 369-370
Paleologue, Maurice 54, 116, 168—169,
424, 427
Palestine 401
Papp, Oberstleutnant Daniel 209
Paulus Maj Friedrich 342
Pavel Alexandrovich, Grand Duke 246,
247, 294
peace conference proposed by the United
States 410-412
Peasants’ Revolt in Romania 321
Peris conference of the Romanian
Army 335
Petrescu, Emil, Mayor 389
Pflanzer-Baltin, Gen Karl von 67, 70, 71,
72, 75, 133, 144, 146, 153, 156,
164, 165, 170, 171, 177, 179,
180-181, 182, 183, 184-185,
186-187, 200, 205, 206, 207, 209,
218, 221, 225, 237, 238, 240, 250,
279, 281, 320
Piłsudski, Józef 192,412
Pińsk offensive 222, 256, 257
Pistohlkors, Countess Marianna Erikovna
von 420
Pitreich, Oberstleutnant Max Freiherr
von 237
Plehve, Gen Pavel Adamovich 67, 90—91
Pleshkov, Mikhail Mikhailovich 96, 101,
102, 107-108, 109, 111, 112
Ploiesti oilfields 379, 391—392
Plutowski, Oberleutnant Freiherr von 106
PNL (Partidul Napional Liberal —
Romania) 64
Podhoranszky, Feldmarschallleutnant
Eugen von 232
Pokrovsky, Nikolai 427
466
Index
Poland 36-37, 38-40, 50, 192-193, 309,
410, 411,412-413
Polish Army 338
Polivanov, Alexei Andreyevich 113,
114-115, 116, 124, 257
Polivanovtsy 257, 270, 277, 419
Popoviči, Gen loan 341—342, 343, 346,
348, 353
Porumbaru, Emanuel 301
Potiorek, Oskar 199
Potsdam Agreement, the 37—38
Pour le Mérite 375
Predeal 362-363
Prezan, Gen Constantin 320, 333, 335,
381
Pripet Marshes, the 63, 113, 123, 130,
172, 251,256
prisoner treatment 193, 344
Prittwitz, Cmdr Maximilian von 22
Progressive Bloc of the Russian Duma, the
53, 54
Promtov, Mikhail Nikolayevich 209
Protopopov, Alexander 423, 427
Prussian Army, the 274
Przemyśl, siege of 199, 217, 303, 360,
388,418
public health improvements 19
Puhallo, Gen Paul 68, 144, 176—177,
207, 210, 211, 212, 216, 247, 248,
249-250, 319
Purishkevich, Vladimir 421, 422
Ragosa, Alexander Franzevich 93, 94—95,
100, 102, 107-108, 109, 112,
187, 188-189, 191, 228, 231-232,
234-235
railway networks 189—191, 196, 218,
225, 228, 281, 306, 318, 367, 397
Rasky, Oberstleutnant 161
Rasputin, Grigory Yefimovich 53, 58, 79,
113, 114, 115, 420-422
rasputitsa 119
rationing 404, 405, 406, 423
Rauch, Lt-Gen Georg Ottonovich 246,
247, 269
reconnaissance 71, 73, 84, 94, 111, 128,
131, 147, 159, 173, 180, 184, 185,
187, 210, 228, 229, 231, 247, 259,
283, 341, 350, 397
Regency Council of the Kingdom of
Poland 412
Reiner 342
reinforcements from the Western Front
218
Reininghaus, Gina von 194,198
Rennenkampf, Gen 246
reserve mobilisations 143, 150, 197
Reuss, Eleanor 323
Riezler, Kurt 33—34, 35, 37
Robertson, Lt-Gen Sir William 59
Rodzianko, Mikhail Vladimirovich 79,
290, 294-295, 426
Romania 64—66, 200, 301, 302,
302- 303, 401-403, 417; entry into
the war 75-76, 200, 208, 220,
221, 251, 282, 283, 293, 301-302,
303- 308, 313, 316, 317-318, 396,
397
Romanian Army 312—313,317—318,
331-332, 344, 350-358, 365, 377,
385-386, 387, 388, 391, 392-393,
394—397, 408; Armies: First Army
321-322, 332, 333, 365, 384, 386;
Second Army 321, 332, 333, 335,
346, 353, 358, 360, 385; Third
Army 311-312,318-319,332;
North Army 38, 320, 333, 341;
Cerna Detachment 374; Corps:
Olt Corps 341, 342, 344, 345,
348, 353, 363-364; Divisions: 2nd
Cavalry/5th Infantry 382, 385;
1st Infantry 365, 372-373, 374;
467
Russia s Last Gasp
9th Infantry 330, 332, 333, 382;
10th Infantry 350; 15th Infantry
362; 17th Infantry 326—327, 374;
19th Infantry 328, 329, 382; 21st
Infantry 350; 23rd Infantry 322;
MCG (MareleCartier General
— Great General Headquarters)
318,320, 321,322, 327, 328,
330, 335, 341, 348, 352, 358,
360, 365, 374, 381, 386, 387,
388; MSM(Marele Stat Major
— Romanian army general staff)
312, 318
Romanian Danube Flotilla 349
Romanian military strategy 311—312,
319, 320, 322, 330, 332-333,
340, 341-342, 349, 354, 358,
363-364, 381-382,384-385,
387-388
Romanian territorial ambitions 301,
302-311, 318-323,327-328,
329-335, 339-348
Rommel, Erwin 366—367, 373
Ronjin, Gen 190
Rosetti, Maj Radu 318
Rüben Statt Kartoffeln (Turnips instead of
Potatoes) 403
Ruggeri, Maj-Gen 136—137
Russian aid to Romanian Army 394—396
Russian Army 26, 30, 36, 39—40,
45, 49-50, 60, 82-83, 86-87,
94, 140, 168, 385, 386, 408,
419; Armies: First Army 91,
210; Second Army 22, 91, 93,
94-95, 99, 101, 109, 110, 111,
112, 123, 184, 235, 245; Third
Army 62, 67, 202-203, 210,
222, 224, 231, 240, 241, 245,
256, 257, 263, 282, 284, 294;
Fourth Army 91, 93, 109, 133,
222, 228, 231, 245; Fifth Army
67, 89, 90, 296; Seventh Army
63, 65,66, 70, 133, 156, 157,
164, 203, 247-248, 278, 282,
292, 397-398; Eighth Army
62, 63, 66, 120-121, 125-126,
128, 138-139, 147-148, 152,
155, 164, 174, 175, 187, 196,
202-203, 207, 211, 222, 224,
236, 245, 256, 257, 268-269,
288, 297, 394, 398; Ninth Army
66, 69, 138, 144, 156, 178, 208,
282, 320, 398; Tenth Army 75,
91, 123, 188, 245; Eleventh
Army 66, 142, 156, 176, 177,
208, 210, 212, 224, 225, 231,
236, 247, 257, 261, 397-398;
Twelfth Army 67, 89; Army of the
Danube 394, 398, 419; Guards
Army (Special Army) 66—67, 75,
78, 245, 246, 247, 256, 261, 262,
264, 289-290, 295, 296-297,
419; Guards Horse Artillery 128;
Special Army 257, 264, 283, 294,
296, 297, 299, 393, 394, 396,
397—398, 420 command structure
51-52, 54-56, 107-108, 109,
110-111, 112, 119-123; Corps:
III Cavalry 185, 205; IV Cavalry
129, 139; V Cavalry 214, 257,
270; III Caucasian 91, 232; V
Caucasian 73; Combined Corps
205; I Corps 96, 97, 100, 102,
111, 257, 269, 284-285, 294;
II Corps 70, 73, 103, 156, 278,
284-285; III Corps 257, 263;
IV Corps 89; V Corps 98,
108, 231, 248, 249; VII Corps
290, 292; VIII Corps 75, 139,
141-142, 153, 155, 159, 163,
214, 222, 224-225, 248, 270;
IX Corps 66, 228, 232, 234; XI
468
Index
Corps 146, 153, 156, 185, 205,
206, 209, 280; XII Corps 183,
185, 205, 209, 278; XVI Corps
70, 73, 74, 177, 184, 247-248,
278; XVII Corps 250, 259,
261, 290; XIX Corps 90; XXI
Corps 110; XXII Corps 184,
204; XXIII Corps 222, 268,
282; XXIV Corps 91, 159; XXV
Corps 93, 299; XXVII Corps 91,
96, 102, 109; XXX Corps 202,
214, 215, 217-218, 241, 265,
267, 269, 328; XXXI Corps 175;
XXXII Corps 139, 162, 176,
210, 212, 249, 250, 259, 292;
XXXIII Corps 183, 185, 288;
XXXV Corps 91, 234; XXXVI
Corps 96, 98; XXXVIII Corps
110; XXXIX Corps 139,201,
268; XL Corps 139, 149, 155,
158, 163, 214, 217, 265, 271,
288; XLI Corps 183, 185; XLV
Corps 248, 250, 259; XLVI Corps
139, 192, 215, 263-264; XLVII
Corps 328, 333; Grenadiers
Corps 90; Guards Cavalry 281,
282; I Guards 246, 268, 282;
II Guards 246—247, 268, 269,
282, 287-288; I Siberian 96, 97,
98, 99, 100-101, 102, 109, 262,
281; II Siberian 92; III Siberian
96, 101, 108, 110; IV Siberian
93, 369, 393; V Siberian 110,
210, 212, 214, 248, 250, 290; I
Turkmenistan 241, 242, 244; Ural
Cossack 96, 180, 204; Divisions:
12th Cavalry 139, 203; 3rd
Finnish Rifle 204; 4th Finnish
Rifle; Ist Guards Infantry 286,
287; 2nd Guards Infantry 286,
287; 139; Guards Rifle 269—270;
14th Infantry 159, 211, 216, 266,
288-289; 15th Infantry 163, 216;
19th Infantry 93; 22nd Infantry
103, 286; 46th Infantry 231—232,
234; 48th Infantry 299; 56th
Infantry 96; 71st Infantry 269,
285, 286, 287; Transamur Cossack
Division 210; 1 st Turkestan Rifle
264; invasion of East Prussia 50;
officer shortage 290; Regiments:
4th Finnish 162; Grenadierski
285, 286, 287; Guards Depot
Cavalry 425; 54th Infantry 162,
267, 289; 55th Infantry 216,
265, 289; 56th Infantry 162,
265, 267, 289; Moskovski 270,
285, 286, 425; Pavlovski 286,
287; Semenoski 286; retreat of
July-August 1915 50—51 Stavka
(supreme headquarters of Russian
Army) 51, 56, 68, 75, 76, 78, 87,
89, 113, 119, 122, 136, 139, 189,
191, 235, 286-287, 294, 295,
309,329,392-393, 394, 420,
422, 424
Russian Black Sea Fleet 368
Russian military strategy 20, 25—26,
66,70,71,75,76-77,80,
82, 87-88, 89, 94, 98, 103,
108-109, 110, 123, 124-128,
131, 137-138, 159, 165-167,
168-169, 172-175, 184, 185,
187-189, 191, 196, 202-203,
208-209, 210, 211, 224-226,
228-229, 232, 233-236,
243-244, 245-246, 250-251,
255, 256-258, 261-263,
266-267, 276-277, 280-282,
290, 308-309, 353, 392-395,
396-398, 419-420
469
Russia’s Last Gasp
Russo-Japanese War (1904—05), the 25,
55, 66, 89, 120, 188
Russo-Turkish War (1877-78) 92, 121,
246, 321,375
Ruzsky, Nikolai Vladimirovich 55, 296
Rzhevsky, Boris 114
Sakharov, Gen Vladimir Victorovich 66,
156, 177, 208, 210, 212, 231, 236,
248, 250, 257, 259-261, 290-291,
292, 394, 419
Salis-Seewis, General Johan Graf von 43
Sarkotic, Gen von 253
Sarrail, Gen Maurice 309—310, 317,
323,397
Savich, Sergei Sergeyevich 184
Sazonov, Sergey 79, 169, 301—303,
309, 424
scapegoating of Alexei Andreyevich
Polivanov 113, 114—115
Scheidemann, Gen Sergei Mikhailovich
241
Scheuchenstuel, Feldzugmeister Viktor
237-238
SchiiefFen, Alfred von 20, 32
Schlieffen Plan, the 32, 408
Schmettow, Gen Eberhard Graf von 342,
345, 346, 353, 354, 356, 381, 386
Second Balkan War 312, 322, 324, 326,
381,390
Second World War, the 342
Seeckt, Gen Hans von 44, 172, 182, 186,
187, 207, 221, 238, 239, 255, 278,
279, 283, 316, 324, 379-380, 418
Sellner, Feldmarschallleutnant Edmund
159,160-161
September Programme, the 33-35
Serbia and Austro-Hungarian intentions
41-42, 43-45, 170, 199
Serbian front, the 28, 41, 87, 170, 303,
326, 390,416
Sergei Mikhailovich, Grand Duke 392
Shcherbachev, Gen Dmitri Gregorovich
63, 65, 66, 70, 73, 75, 77, 82, 84,
94, 112, 125, 156-157, 164, 184,
203, 204, 210, 247, 277, 278, 292
shelters to protect troops 126
Shishkevich, Gen 208
Shuvayev, Dmitri Savelyevich 115—116,
423
Sirelius, Leonid Ottovich 93, 108
Six Economic Associations, the 35
Skalon, Georgi 121
Sluysarenko, Gen Vladimir Alexeyevich
296
Smekal, Feldmarschallleutnant Gustav
151, 154, 158, 160
Smirnov, Gen Vladimir Vasilyevich 91,
92-93, 111, 112
Smislovksy, Gen 297, 394
social and political unrest in Russia
52-54, 56, 58-59, 78-79,
113-114, 119,419, 420-428
Sokholov, Gen 159
Somme, Batde of the 84, 85, 226,
227-228, 239, 399
Southern Sector of the 1915—16 Winter
Campaign 69
Southwest Front (Russian) 47, 51, 52, 54,
55, 61, 62, 66, 67, 68, 119, 120,
121, 122, 124, 125, 126, 127, 129,
137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 145,
148, 153, 169, 175, 178, 181, 187,
191, 202, 208, 210, 225, 228, 231,
235, 245, 247, 255, 256, 257, 270,
280, 281, 282, 290, 294, 309, 393,
397, 419
Staabs, Gen Hermann von 339, 344, 345,
346, 347, 356, 361
Staev 234
Stein, Hermann von 415
Steinitz, Oberst 241
470
ÍNDEX
Stirbey, Barbu 65
Stochod line, the 201,201,213,242,
243, 244, 245, 246, 247, 255, 264,
265, 267, 268, 276, 281, 297, 393
Strafexpedition (‘Punishment Expedition)
against Italy 134—136, 168,
194,215
Stresemann, Gustav 414
Strypa valley 66, 67, 69, 70, 73, 74, 75,
76, 82, 117, 120, 134, 145, 148,
165, 175, 177, 178, 184, 203, 204
Stürgkh, Karl von 407
Stürmer, Boris Vladimirovich 54, 113,
114, 115, 119, 309, 423, 424
submarine warfare 315, 409,411,412
Sukhomlinov, Vladimir 22, 51, 88, 113,
120, 121, 143, 191
Sukotin, Sergei 421
Sukovkin, Mikhail 93
Sündermann, Oberst 237
Sunkel, Gen Edwin 341
supply lines 62, 68, 77, 169, 174, 185—
186, 189-191, 196, 208, 237, 242,
306, 381-382, 395
Svistov crossing of the Danube 375,
377-379
Szurmay, Feldmarschallleutnant Sandor
151, 153-154, 155, 163, 176, 178,
206, 236, 270-271, 275
Tannenberg, Battle of 20, 22, 299,
401, 413
Tappen, Generalmajor Gerhard 324—325,
376, 401
Teodorescu, Gen Constantin 327, 330,
331,332
Tersztyånsky, Generaloberst Karl
von 161, 162, 200, 210-211,
212, 214, 223-224, 229, 230,
236, 247, 270, 271, 272-273,
274-275, 276, 282, 288
Thallöczy, Ludwig 43
Third OHL, the 413
Thomson, Lt֊Col Christopher 65
Tisza, Istvan 36, 41, 65, 170, 304-305,
404
Tömöser Pass (Predeal Pass) 362—363
Törzburger Pass 361—364
Toshev, Gen Stefan 325—326, 330, 350,
367, 368, 370
training 23, 24, 47, 52, 57, 78, 87, 94,
99, 120, 124, 128, 134, 140, 194,
195, 226, 234, 247, 251, 254, 257,
270, 274, 275, 283, 296, 326, 335,
343, 362, 365, 376, 394-395, 400,
404, 408,413,418, 422
Transylvania 301, 302, 304—305,
307-309, 310-311, 319-331,
336-337, 340-348, 342, 349
Transylvania, Battle of 353—358, 359—
360, 361-375, 377-379, 400--І01
Trepov, Alexander 423
Tücher, Heinrich Freiherr von 417
Turkish Army 335, 368, 384, 390;
Armies: Yildirim Army Group
(Heeresgruppe F) 401; Divisions:
26th Infantry 375, 376, 385;
Turkish XV Corps 289
Turnip Winter, the 403
Tutrakan fortress 326—328, 330—331,
332-333
United States as proposed mediator at
a peace conference 409—410,
411-412
United States—Germany tensions 409
Vaterländischer Hilftdienstgesetzt (Patriotic
Auxiliary Service Law — Germany)
415-^416
Venizelos, Eleftherios 416
471
Russia’s Last Gasp
Verdun, Battle of 84-85, 86-87, 133,
167, 171, 211, 217, 221, 239, 242,
253, 299, 315, 399-400, 408
Zemstvo (Russian local government) 50, 78
Zeynek, Oberst Theodor von 146, 179,
182-183, 186, 238-239, 240, 279,
Vladimirovich, Andrei, Grand Duke
422-423
280, 413
Zhilinsky, Gen Yakov 27, 87—88, 420
Zorndorf, Battle of 105
Zottu, Gen Vasife 312, 318
Volhynia 135
Vulcan Pass 365—366
war by attrition 26, 46, 63, 76, 84, 87,
103-104, 108, 119, 171,226,
228, 399
war industries committees of Russia 115
war materiel production 45, 124
Waterloo, Battle of 233
Wellington, Duke of 233
West Front (Russian) 91, 187, 191, 222,
231,243, 255,294
Western Rayon 190
Wilhelm, Crown Prince 85, 400
Wilhelm II, Kaiser 32, 34, 82, 253,
313-314, 325, 358-359, 407, 409,
412
Wilson, Lt-Gen Sir Henry 59
Wilson, Woodrow 409-410, 411-412
Winogradsky, Alexander Nikolayevich
128, 131, 141-142, 147, 152, 159,
162-163, 173,211,215-216,
262-263, 264—265, 265-267,
288-299, 392-393, 394-395
Winter battles (1915—16) see Galicia,
Battle of
workforce for military industry 415-416
Yanushkevich, Nikolai 55,191
Ypres, Barrie of 21, 22, 32
Yusupov, Felix, Felixovich, Prince
420-421,422, 423
Zakutovsky, Geb 111
Zayontchovsky, Gen Andrei Medardovich
215, 241, 328-330, 332, 352, 369,
393, 394, 419
472
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Buttar, Prit |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1017835594 |
| author_facet | Buttar, Prit |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Buttar, Prit |
| author_variant | p b pb |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV044318945 |
| contents | The fruits of war : the occupied territories and the opposing armies -- The Winter battles -- Lake Naroch -- The quiet front -- Brusilov's offensive begins -- The growing crisis -- Dealing with success and failure -- Now or never -- Kovel and Stanislau -- The advent of Romania -- The new front : Romania's gamble -- Autumn -- Bucharest and beyond -- The cracks in the edifice |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)965635681 (DE-599)BVBBV044318945 |
| era | Geschichte 1916-1917 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1916-1917 |
| format | Book |
| fullrecord | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>04425nam a2200709 c 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">BV044318945</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-604</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20170620 </controlfield><controlfield tag="007">t</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">170519s2016 ac|| b||| 00||| eng d</controlfield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">9781472812766</subfield><subfield code="9">978-1-47281-276-6</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)965635681</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)BVBBV044318945</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-604</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="e">rda</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="049" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-12</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-29</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">OST</subfield><subfield code="q">DE-12</subfield><subfield code="2">fid</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">HIST</subfield><subfield code="q">DE-12</subfield><subfield code="2">fid</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Buttar, Prit</subfield><subfield code="e">Verfasser</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)1017835594</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Russia's last gasp</subfield><subfield code="b">the Eastern Front 1916-17</subfield><subfield code="c">Prit Buttar</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="246" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Eastern front, 1916-17</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Oxford</subfield><subfield code="b">Osprey Publishing</subfield><subfield code="c">2016</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">472 Seiten, 24 ungezähle Seiten Bildtafeln</subfield><subfield code="b">Illustrationen, Karten, Porträts</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">n</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">nc</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="505" ind1="8" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">The fruits of war : the occupied territories and the opposing armies -- The Winter battles -- Lake Naroch -- The quiet front -- Brusilov's offensive begins -- The growing crisis -- Dealing with success and failure -- Now or never -- Kovel and Stanislau -- The advent of Romania -- The new front : Romania's gamble -- Autumn -- Bucharest and beyond -- The cracks in the edifice</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1="3" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">In Russia's Last Gasp, Prit Buttar looks at one of the bloodiest campaigns launched in the history of warfare - the Brusilov Offensive, sometimes known as the June Advance. The assault was intended to ease the pressure on Russia's British and French allies by diverting German troops from the Western Front and knocking Austria-Hungary out of the war. Russia's dismal military performance in the preceding years was forgotten, as the Brusilov Offensive was quickly characterised by innovative tactics, including the use of shock troops, a strategy that German armies would later adapt to great effect. 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| geographic | Europa Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Europa Russland |
| id | DE-604.BV044318945 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T07:49:38Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781472812766 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-029722458 |
| oclc_num | 965635681 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-29 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-29 |
| physical | 472 Seiten, 24 ungezähle Seiten Bildtafeln Illustrationen, Karten, Porträts |
| psigel | BSBWK1 DHB_BSB_DDC1 DHB_BSB_FID |
| publishDate | 2016 |
| publishDateSearch | 2016 |
| publishDateSort | 2016 |
| publisher | Osprey Publishing |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Buttar, Prit Verfasser (DE-588)1017835594 aut Russia's last gasp the Eastern Front 1916-17 Prit Buttar Eastern front, 1916-17 Oxford Osprey Publishing 2016 472 Seiten, 24 ungezähle Seiten Bildtafeln Illustrationen, Karten, Porträts txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier The fruits of war : the occupied territories and the opposing armies -- The Winter battles -- Lake Naroch -- The quiet front -- Brusilov's offensive begins -- The growing crisis -- Dealing with success and failure -- Now or never -- Kovel and Stanislau -- The advent of Romania -- The new front : Romania's gamble -- Autumn -- Bucharest and beyond -- The cracks in the edifice In Russia's Last Gasp, Prit Buttar looks at one of the bloodiest campaigns launched in the history of warfare - the Brusilov Offensive, sometimes known as the June Advance. The assault was intended to ease the pressure on Russia's British and French allies by diverting German troops from the Western Front and knocking Austria-Hungary out of the war. Russia's dismal military performance in the preceding years was forgotten, as the Brusilov Offensive was quickly characterised by innovative tactics, including the use of shock troops, a strategy that German armies would later adapt to great effect. Drawing on first-hand accounts and detailed archival research this is a dramatic retelling of the final years of the war on the Eastern Front, in which the Russian Army claimed military success but at a terrible cost Geschichte 1916-1917 gnd rswk-swf Weltkrieg (1914-1918) Brusilov-Offensive (DE-588)4806986-3 gnd rswk-swf Erster Weltkrieg (DE-588)4079163-4 gnd rswk-swf Europa Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd rswk-swf World War (1914-1918) World War, 1914-1918 / Campaigns / Eastern Front World War, 1914-1918 / Campaigns / Russia (Federation) Military campaigns Russia (Federation) HISTORY / Europe / Eastern HISTORY / Military / World War I. HISTORY / Russia & the Former Soviet Union 1914-1918 Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 g Erster Weltkrieg (DE-588)4079163-4 s Brusilov-Offensive (DE-588)4806986-3 s Geschichte 1916-1917 z DE-604 https://www.recensio.net/r/77fc290b768b4122ad1fce202afb990c rezensiert in: Jahrbücher für Geschichte Osteuropas / jgo.e-reviews, JGO 67 (2019), 4, S. 680-683 Rezension Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029722458&sequence=000004&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029722458&sequence=000005&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029722458&sequence=000006&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Buttar, Prit Russia's last gasp the Eastern Front 1916-17 The fruits of war : the occupied territories and the opposing armies -- The Winter battles -- Lake Naroch -- The quiet front -- Brusilov's offensive begins -- The growing crisis -- Dealing with success and failure -- Now or never -- Kovel and Stanislau -- The advent of Romania -- The new front : Romania's gamble -- Autumn -- Bucharest and beyond -- The cracks in the edifice Weltkrieg (1914-1918) Brusilov-Offensive (DE-588)4806986-3 gnd Erster Weltkrieg (DE-588)4079163-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4806986-3 (DE-588)4079163-4 (DE-588)4076899-5 |
| title | Russia's last gasp the Eastern Front 1916-17 |
| title_alt | Eastern front, 1916-17 |
| title_auth | Russia's last gasp the Eastern Front 1916-17 |
| title_exact_search | Russia's last gasp the Eastern Front 1916-17 |
| title_full | Russia's last gasp the Eastern Front 1916-17 Prit Buttar |
| title_fullStr | Russia's last gasp the Eastern Front 1916-17 Prit Buttar |
| title_full_unstemmed | Russia's last gasp the Eastern Front 1916-17 Prit Buttar |
| title_short | Russia's last gasp |
| title_sort | russia s last gasp the eastern front 1916 17 |
| title_sub | the Eastern Front 1916-17 |
| topic | Weltkrieg (1914-1918) Brusilov-Offensive (DE-588)4806986-3 gnd Erster Weltkrieg (DE-588)4079163-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Weltkrieg (1914-1918) Brusilov-Offensive Erster Weltkrieg Europa Russland |
| url | https://www.recensio.net/r/77fc290b768b4122ad1fce202afb990c http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029722458&sequence=000004&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029722458&sequence=000005&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029722458&sequence=000006&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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