Renewable energy: power for a sustainable future
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Format: | Buch |
Sprache: | English |
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Oxford
Oxford University Press
[2018]
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Ausgabe: | Fourth edition |
Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
Beschreibung: | xvi, 656 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten |
ISBN: | 9780198759751 |
Internformat
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245 | 1 | 0 | |a Renewable energy |b power for a sustainable future |c edited by Stephen Peake |
250 | |a Fourth edition | ||
264 | 1 | |a Oxford |b Oxford University Press |c [2018] | |
300 | |a xvi, 656 Seiten |b Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten | ||
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---|---|
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adam_text | Preface v
About the authors vii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCING RENEWABLE
ENERGY I
(Stephen Peake and Bob Everett)
1.1 Introduction I
Force, energy and power 2
Energy conservation: the
First Law ofThermodynamics 4
Forms of energy 4
Conversion, efficiencies and
capacity factors 7
1.2 Present-day energy use 8
World energy supplies 8
1.3 Fossil fuels and climate
change 11
1.4 Renewable energy sources 13
Solar energy: direct uses 14
Solar energy: indirect uses 15
Non-solar renewables 16
I *5 Renewable energy use today 17
World renewable energy use 17
Energy use in the UK 18
Energy in the USA 21
Energy in China 22
I *6 Renewable energy policies for
the future 23
1.7 Summary 24
References 27
Acknowledgements 28
CHAPTER 2 THERMODYNAMICS, HEAT
ENGINES AND HEAT PUMPS 29
(Bob Everett)
2.1 Introduction 29
The laws of thermodynamics 29
2.2 Fuels and combustion 30
What are fuels? 30
Higher and lower heating
values 31
2.3 Heat engines 32
The steam turbine power
station 32
Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC)
engines 34
Internal combustion engines 34
Stirling engine 35
Thermodynamic limits to heat
engine efficiency 36
A highly efficient system - the
combined cycle gas turbine
(CCGT) 37
2.4 Heat pumps 39
The need for alternative
heating systems 39
Basic principles 40
Domestic heat pumps 42
Large heat pump projects 47
Environmental benefits 48
Electricity supply
considerations 49
Economics 50
Is this really renewable energy? 50
Deployment and future
prospects 51
X
RENEWABLE ENERGY
2.5 Summary 51
References 54
Further reading 55
Acknowledgements 55
CHAPTER 3 SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY 57
(Bob Everett)
3.1 Introduction 57
3.2 The rooftop solar water
heater 58
The pumped solar water
heater 58
The thermosyphon solar water
heater 59
3.3 The nature and availability of
solar radiation 60
The wavelengths of solar
radiation 60
Direct and diffuse radiation 61
Availability of solar radiation 62
Tilt and orientation 63
3.4 The magic of glass 66
Transparency 67
Heat loss mechanisms 68
3.5 Low-temperature solar energy
applications 71
Domestic water heating 72
Domestic space heating 73
Varieties of solar heating
system 75
History 80
Direct gain buildings as solar
collectors 82
Window energy balance 83
The heating season and free
heat gains 84
Passivhaus design 86
General passive solar heating
techniques 87
Conservatories, greenhouses
and atria 89
3.8 Daylighting 91
3.9 Solar thermal engines and
electricity generation 93
Concentrating solar collectors 93
The first solar engine age 94
The new solar age 96
3.10 Solar thermal process
steam 103
3.11 Economics, potential and
environmental impact 104
Domestic active solar water
heating 104
Passive solar heating and
daylighting 105
Solar thermal engines and
electricity generation 106
3.12 Summary 107
References 112
CHAPTER 4 SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAICS 115
(Godfrey Boyle and Bob Everett)
4.1 Introduction 115
4.2 A brief history of PV 115
3.6 Active solar heating 77
History 77
Solar collectors 77
Robustness, mounting and
orientation 79
Active solar space heating and
interseasonal storage 79
Solar district heating 80
3.7 Passive solar heating 80
4.3 The PV effect in crystalline
silicon: basic principles 121
Semiconductors and ‘doping’ 121
The silicon solar cell 122
4.4 Crystalline PV cells 124
Monocrystalline silicon cells 124
CONTENTS
xi
Polycrystalline
(or multicrystalline) silicon
cells 126
Polycrystalline silicon film 127
Gallium arsenide 127
4.5 Thin film PV 129
Amorphous silicon 130
Copper indium (gallium)
diselenide 130
Cadmium telluride 131
4.6 Other PV technologies 132
Multi-junction PV cells and
modules 132
Concentrating PV (CPV)
systems 133
Future and emerging PV
technologies 133
4.7 Electrical characteristics of
silicon PV cells and
modules 134
4.8 PV systems for remote
power 137
4.9 Grid-connected PV systems 138
PV systems for homess 138
Electricity yield from PV
systems 139
PV systems for non-domestic
buildings 141
Large, grid-connected PV power
plants 141
4.10 Costs of electricity from PV 143
4.11 Environmental impact and
safety 146
PV systems 146
PV module production 147
The energy balance of PV
systems and potential
materials constraints 148
4.12 PV integration and future
prospects 148
Integration 148
The growing world
photovoltaics market 149
4.13 Summary 150
References 154
CHAPTER 5 BIOENERGY 157
(Jonathan Scurlock, Caspar
Donnison.Astley Hastings,
Kevin Lindegaard and Hazel Smith)
5.1 Introduction 157
5.2 Bioenergy past and present 159
From wood to coal 159
Present biomass contributions 160
5.3 Biomass as a solar energy
store 161
Conversion efficiencies 163
5.4 Biomass as a fuel 164
What are fuels? 164
Making use of biomass 167
5.5 Biomass resources 168
Primary biomass energy
sources: plant materials 168
Secondary biomass sources:
wastes, residues and
co-products 178
Tropical crop residues 181
5.6 Bioenergy processing and
conversion technologies 185
5.7 Environmental assessment
of bioenergy 203
Atmospheric emissions 203
Land use 207
Energy balance 209
5.8 Economics of bioenergy 210
Bioenergy production costs 211
Bioenergy policy support 212
Barriers to market entry 212
Externalities 213
Ecosystem services 214
Case studies 214
Wood fuel in Africa 214
5.9 Future prospects for
bioenergy 219
xii
RENEWABLE ENERGY
The future of bioenergy with
carbon capture and
storage (BECCS) 221
Future perspectives on
bioenergy feedstock
production 221
5.10 Summary 222
References 225
CHAPTER 6 HYDROELECTRICITY 239
(Janet Ramage and Bob Everett)
6.1 Introduction 239
6.2 The Galloway Hydros 240
Origins 240
The scheme 240
Power 241
The turbines 242
The salmon 243
Economics 243
6.3 The resource 243
The world resource 244
Regional resources 244
National resources 245
World output 247
6.4 Small-scale hydro (SSH) 247
6.5 Stored energy and available
power 250
Potential energy 250
Power, head and flow rate 253
6.6 A brief history of water
power 254
The prime mover 254
Nineteenth-century hydro
technology 255
6.7 Types of hydroelectric plant 257
Low, medium and high heads 257
Rates of rotation 259
Estimating the power 260
6.8 Types of turbine 261
Francis turbines 261
‘Propellers’ 264
Archimedes screw 265
Pelton wheels 266
Turgo and cross-flow tūbines 269
Ranges of application 269
6.9 Hydro as an element in a
system 270
6.10 Environmental
considerations 271
Hydrological effects 272
Other physical effects 272
Social effects 275
Responses from the industry 277
Environmental effects of
small-scale systems 279
Comparisons 279
6.11 Economics 279
Capital costs 280
Unit costs 280
6.12 Future prospects 283
Small-scale hydro 286
6.13 Summary 287
References 290
CHAPTER 7 TIDAL POWER 293
(David Elliott and Mark Knôs)
7.1 Introduction 293
The nature of the resource 296
The physics of tidal energy 297
7.2 Power generation from
barrages 301
Barrage designs 303
7.3 Environmental
considerations for tidal
barrages 309
7.4 Integration of electrical
power from tidal barrages 311
7.5 The economics of tidal
barrages 313
CONTENTS
xiii
7.6 Tidal barrages: potential
projects 317
United Kingdom 317
World 319
7.7 Tidal lagoons 321
7.8Tidal streams/currents 323
The resource and its location 325
Tidal current turbine design
constraints and options 326
7.9 An overview of projects and
tidal stream concepts in
UK waters 329
Novel designs 331
7.10 Tidal current projects and
concepts around the world 336
Tidal current projects ֊ a world
overview 337
Large tidal projects and ocean
current schemes 340
7.11 Tidal current assessment 342
Environmental impact and
integration issues 344
7.12 Summary 346
References 349
CHAPTER 8 WIND ENERGY 353
(Derek Taylor)
8.1 Introduction 353
8.2The wind 354
Energy and power in the wind 356
8.3 Wind turbines 358
A brief history of wind energy 358
Wind turbine types 362
Horizontal axis wind turbines 362
Vertical axis wind turbines 364
8.4 Aerodynamics of wind
turbines 366
Aerodynamic forces 366
Aerofoils 368
Relative wind velocity 370
Harnessing aerodynamic forces37l
Horizontal axis wind turbines 374
Vertical axis wind turbines 375
8.5 Power and energy from wind
turbines 376
How much power does a wind
turbine produce? 376
How much energy will a wind
turbine produce? 377
Estimating the wind speed
characteristics of a site 379
8.6 Environmental impact 382
Wind turbine noise 383
Electromagnetic interference 386
Wind turbines and aviation 387
Impact on wildlife 389
Public attitudes to wind power/
planning considerations 391
8.7 Economics 394
Calculating the costs of wind
energy 394
8.8 Commercial development
and wind energy potential 396
Wind energy developments
worldwide 396
Small-scale wind turbines 400
Local community and
co-operatively owned
wind turbines 402
Wind energy and buildings 403
Wind energy potential 405
European potential 407
8.9 Offshore wind energy 409
Offshore wind energy
in the UK 416
8.10 Summary 421
References 423
xiv
RENEWABLE ENERGY
CHAPTER 9 WAVE ENERGY 439
(Les Duckers and Ned Minns)
9.1 Introduction 439
History 440
9.2 Introductory case studies 441
TAPCHAN 441
The Islay shoreline oscillating
water columns 443
9.3 Physical principles of wave
energy 445
Typical sea state 447
Variations in the wave power
at a given location 448
Wave pattern and direction 450
What happens beneath the
surface? 450
Moving into shallow water 452
Refraction 452
9.4 Wave energy resources 453
9.5 Wave energy technology 455
Power take off 460
Fixed devices 463
Floating devices 467
9.6 Arrays 477
9.7 Economics 478
9.8 Environmental impact 479
9.9 Integration 480
Wave energy for isolated
communities 480
Wave energy for large
electricity grids 481
9.10 Summary 481
References 484
CHAPTER 10 DEEP GEOTHERMAL ENERGY 489
(James P. Warren)
10.1 Introduction 489
Geothermal energy - the
mining of geothermal heat 490
The source of heat 493
Historical perspective 495
10.2 The physics of deep
geothermal resources 497
Primary ingredients 497
Volcano-related heat sources
and fluids 500
The heat source in
sedimentary basins 503
Geothermal waters 505
‘Hot dry rocks or engineered 506
geothermal systems (EGS)
10.3 Technologies for exploiting
high-enthalpy steam fields 507
Dry steam power plant 508
Single flash steam power plant 510
Binary cycle / Organic Rankine
Cycle power plant 510
Double flash power plant 511
Future developments 511
10.4 Technologies for direct use of
geothermal energy 512
Enhanced (or engineered) 514
geothermal systems
10.5 Environmental implications 521
Induced seismicity 522
10.6 Economics and world
potential 524
10.7 Geothermal potential in
the United Kingdom 530
Sedimentary basin aquifers 530
Engineered geothermal 532
systems
10.8 Legal and regulatory issues 533
10.9 Summary 534
References 537
Acknowledgements 539
CONTENTS
xv
CHAPTER 11 INTEGRATING RENEWABLE
ENERGY 541
(Bob Everett, Godfrey Boyle,
Jonathan Scurlock and
David Elliott)
IU Introduction 541
11.2The existing UK energy
system 542
Distribution 543
11.3 How can renewable energy
decrease greenhouse gas
emissions? 547
Electricity-generating
renewables 547
Heat and transport fuels 549
11.4 How much renewable
energy is available? 551
Renewable potential for
the UK 552
II .5 Is renewable energy available
at an acceptable financial
cost? 553
Electricity-generating
renewables in the UK 554
Prices, investment risk and
hurdle discount rates 555
Heat-generating renewables
in the UK 556
Balancing renewables and
energy efficiency 556
World-wide renewable
electricity prices 558
11.6 Are renewable energy
supplies available where
we want them? 559
The electricity grid in the
British Isles 559
A pan-European view 561
11.7 Are renewable energy
supplies available when we
want them? 562
Renewables as heat suppliers 563
Integrating electricity from
renewables 563
Including renewable energy 568
11.8 Some partial solutions 575
Electricity demand
management 575
Electricity grid strengthening
and enlargement 576
Using grids to smooth out
variability 577
Complementary electricity
generation 578
Hydrogen ֊ a fuel of the
future? 581
11.9 Summary 586
References 592
Further Reading 595
CHAPTER 12 RENEWABLE ENERGY
FUTURES 597
(Stephen Peake and Bob Everett)
12.1 Introduction 597
12.2 The transition to renewable
energy 597
Access to reliable electricity
and clean cooking fuels 597
Concerns about fossil fuel
depletion 598
Local air pollution 598
Safety of nuclear power 598
Reducing global C02
emissions 598
12.3 Current renewable energy
policy situation 599
Falling renewable energy
prices 599
Meeting C02 emission targets -
Europe in the lead 600
Can renewable energy be
promoted effectively? 600
12.4 Scenarios for global energy
use 604
Meeting global climate change
targets: three scenarios
compared 604
xvi
RENEWABLE ENERGY
12.5 Future investment needs
and programmes of action 609
Competition from fossil fuels 609
Possible regional energy
policies 609
Investment needs 610
Programmes of action 610
The ‘ 100% Renewable Energy
Movement’ 611
A balancing act 611
12.6 Summary 611
References 614
APPENDIX A ENERGY ARITHMETIC-A
QUICK REFERENCE 617
Al Orders of magnitude 617
Powers of ten 617
Prefixes 618
A2 Units and conversions 619
Energy 619
Power 619
US energy units 620
A3 Other quantities 621
Reference 622
APPENDIX B LEVELIZED COSTS OF
RENEWABLE ENERGY 623
BI Introduction 623
B2 Basic contributions to
costings 624
Factors affecting the amount
of electricity generated 624
Factors affecting the total
cost 625
B3 Calculating costs 626
Payback time 626
Simple annual levelized cost 627
References 631
Acknowledgements 633
Index 639
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id | DE-604.BV044318348 |
illustrated | Illustrated |
indexdate | 2024-08-01T10:45:15Z |
institution | BVB |
isbn | 9780198759751 |
language | English |
oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-029721871 |
oclc_num | 1013164095 |
open_access_boolean | |
owner | DE-91S DE-BY-TUM DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-91G DE-BY-TUM DE-92 DE-1050 DE-29T DE-1028 DE-634 DE-862 DE-BY-FWS DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-739 |
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physical | xvi, 656 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten |
publishDate | 2018 |
publishDateSearch | 2018 |
publishDateSort | 2018 |
publisher | Oxford University Press |
record_format | marc |
spellingShingle | Renewable energy power for a sustainable future Erneuerbare Energien (DE-588)4068598-6 gnd |
subject_GND | (DE-588)4068598-6 |
title | Renewable energy power for a sustainable future |
title_auth | Renewable energy power for a sustainable future |
title_exact_search | Renewable energy power for a sustainable future |
title_full | Renewable energy power for a sustainable future edited by Stephen Peake |
title_fullStr | Renewable energy power for a sustainable future edited by Stephen Peake |
title_full_unstemmed | Renewable energy power for a sustainable future edited by Stephen Peake |
title_short | Renewable energy |
title_sort | renewable energy power for a sustainable future |
title_sub | power for a sustainable future |
topic | Erneuerbare Energien (DE-588)4068598-6 gnd |
topic_facet | Erneuerbare Energien |
url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029721871&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
work_keys_str_mv | AT peakestephen renewableenergypowerforasustainablefuture |
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