Lead-acid batteries for future automobiles:

Front Cover -- Lead - Acid Batteries for FutureAutomobiles -- Lead-Acid Batteries for Future Automobiles -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- About the Editors -- Preface -- Abbreviations -- 1 - Overview -- 1 - Development trends for future automobiles and their demand on the battery...

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Format: Buch
Sprache:English
Veröffentlicht: Amsterdam Elsevier [2017]
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Zusammenfassung:Front Cover -- Lead - Acid Batteries for FutureAutomobiles -- Lead-Acid Batteries for Future Automobiles -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- About the Editors -- Preface -- Abbreviations -- 1 - Overview -- 1 - Development trends for future automobiles and their demand on the battery -- 1.1 Lead-acid batteries in automobiles: still good enough? -- 1.2 Requirements in the automotive industry -- 1.2.1 Requirements cascade and V-Model -- 1.2.2 Robustness and reliability -- 1.2.3 Materials, environmental, recycling -- 1.3 Vehicle level requirements -- 1.3.1 Power-supply system functions -- 1.3.2 Drivetrain electrification functions -- 1.4 Low-volt system topology options for advanced power supply and mild powertrain hybridization -- 1.4.1 12-V single voltage single battery -- 1.4.2 12-V dual (or multi) storage devices -- 1.4.3 12-V+48-V dual voltage, dual-storage devices -- 1.4.4 12-V+high voltage hybrid traction -- 1.5 Upcoming storage system requirements -- 1.5.1 Usable versus rated capacity -- 1.5.2 Discharge power performance -- 1.5.3 Shallow-cycle-life -- service life in partial state-of-charge operation -- 1.5.4 Dynamic charge-acceptance -- 1.5.5 Battery monitoring and management -- 1.5.6 Package and ambient conditions, weight -- 1.6 Discussion -- List of abbreviations -- References -- 2 - Overview of batteries for future automobiles -- 2.1 General requirements for batteries in electric vehicles -- 2.2 Energy storage in lead-acid batteries -- 2.3 Alkaline batteries -- 2.3.1 Nickel-cadmium batteries -- 2.3.1.1 Automotive applications -- 2.3.1.2 Cell chemistry -- Discharge processes -- Thermodynamic data -- 2.3.1.3 Nickel electrode -- 2.3.1.4 Cadmium electrode -- 2.3.1.5 Open nickel-cadmium cells -- 2.3.1.6 Gas-tight nickel-cadmium cell -- 2.3.1.7 Operating behaviour and heat management -- Charging methods
2.3.2 Nickel-metal-hydride batteries (NiMH) -- 2.3.2.1 Automotive applications -- 2.3.2.2 Cell chemistry -- Discharge processes -- 2.3.2.3 Negative metal-hydride electrode -- 2.3.2.4 Operating behaviour and heat management -- 2.3.2.5 Cell design -- 2.3.3 Nickel-zinc batteries -- 2.3.3.1 Automotive applications -- 2.3.3.2 Cell chemistry -- Discharge reaction -- Charge reaction -- 2.4 High-temperature sodium batteries -- 2.4.1 Automotive applications -- 2.4.2 Sodium-nickel chloride battery (ZEBRA) -- 2.4.2.1 Cell chemistry -- Discharge reactions -- 2.4.2.2 Operating behaviour -- 2.4.3 Sodium-sulfur battery -- 2.5 Lithium-ion batteries -- 2.5.1 Automotive applications -- 2.5.1.1 Battery electric vehicles -- 2.5.1.2 Stop-start vehicles/micro-/mild-hybrid electric vehicles -- 2.5.1.3 Challenges -- Low temperature behaviour -- High-temperature behaviour -- Safety -- Costs -- 2.5.2 Cell chemistry -- 2.5.3 Negative electrode materials (discharge: anodes) -- 2.5.3.1 Graphite -- 2.5.3.2 Lithium titanate (LTO) -- 2.5.3.3 Lithium alloys -- 2.5.4 Positive electrode materials (discharge: cathodes) -- 2.5.4.1 Lithium cobalt oxide (LCO) -- 2.5.4.2 Lithium nickel oxides (LNO and NCA) -- 2.5.4.3 Solid solutions of manganese oxide Li(Ni,Mn,Co)O2 (NMC) -- 2.5.4.4 Lithium manganese spinel LiMn2O4 (LMO) -- 2.5.4.5 Lithium iron phosphate (LFP) -- 2.5.4.6 Advanced materials in development -- 2.5.5 Electrolyte -- 2.5.5.1 Organic liquid electrolytes -- 2.5.5.2 Ionic liquids -- 2.5.5.3 Solid electrolytes -- 2.5.6 Separator -- 2.5.7 Cell and battery design -- 2.5.8 Performance data, life and ageing -- 2.5.9 Cost -- 2.6 Power sources after Lithium-ion -- 2.6.1 Lithium-sulfur battery -- 2.6.2 Lithium-air battery -- 2.6.3 All-solid-state lithium batteries -- 2.6.4 Metal-air batteries -- 2.6.5 Metal-ion batteries beyond lithium -- 2.6.6 Halide battery -- 2.6.7 Redoxflow batteries
2.7 Supercapacitors -- 2.7.1 Automotive applications -- 2.7.2 Carbon technology -- 2.7.3 Hybrid systems -- 2.8 Fuel cells -- 2.8.1 Automotive applications -- 2.8.2 Cell chemistry and cell design -- References -- 3 - Lead-acid battery fundamentals -- 3.1 Principles of operation -- 3.2 Open-circuit voltage -- Positive electrode -- Negative electrode -- 3.3 Voltage during discharge and charge -- 3.4 Designs and manufacture -- 3.4.1 Pasted plates -- 3.4.2 Tubular plates -- 3.4.3 Spiral (wound) plates -- 3.4.4 Enhanced flooded batteries -- 3.4.5 Valve-regulated batteries -- 3.4.6 UltraBatteryTM -- 3.4.7 Supercapacitor hybrid -- 3.5 Charging -- 3.5.1 Constant-current (CC) charging -- 3.5.2 Constant-voltage (CV) charging -- 3.5.3 Constant-voltage‒constant-current (CV-CC) combinations -- 3.5.4 An additional issue when charging valve-regulated batteries -- 3.5.5 Fast charging -- 3.5.6 Effect of ripple current -- 3.6 Heat management in lead-acid batteries -- 3.6.1 Heat generation -- 3.6.2 Heat dissipation -- 3.7 Failure modes and remedies -- 3.8 Capacity -- 3.9 Self-discharge -- 3.10 Dynamic charge-acceptance -- 3.11 Summing up -- Abbreviations, acronyms and initialisms -- References -- 4 - Current research topics for lead-acid batteries -- 4.1 Design and materials -- 4.1.1 Alternative cell chemistries -- 4.1.1.1 Hybrid supercapacitor -- 4.1.1.2 UltraBatteryTM -- 4.1.2 Alternative cell design concepts -- 4.1.3 Improved materials -- 4.1.4 Physical modifications in starting-lighting-ignition batteries -- 4.2 Operating strategy -- 4.3 Battery monitoring -- 4.3.1 State-of-charge -- 4.3.2 State-of-function -- 4.3.3 State-of-health -- 4.4 Dual battery systems -- 4.5 Discussion -- References -- 2 - Battery Technology -- 5 - Flooded starting-lighting-ignition (SLI) and enhanced flooded batteries (EFBs): state-of-the-art
Beschreibung:xxxii, 674 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme
ISBN:9780444637000

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