Personality, individual differences and intelligence:
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Harlow, England ; London ; New York
Pearson
2017
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| Ausgabe: | Fourth edition |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Previous edition: 2013. - Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Beschreibung: | xxvi, 668 Seiten, Glossary G1-G18, References R1-R37, Index I1-I30 Illustrationen, Diagramme 27 cm |
| ISBN: | 9781292090511 |
Internformat
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Personality, individual differences and intelligence |c John Maltby (University of Leicester), Liz Day (Sheffield Hallam University), Ann Macaskill (Sheffield Hallam University) |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | BRIEF CONTENTS
About the Authors xviii
Preface xix PART 3 Applications in Individual
Acknowledgements xxiv Differences 433
16 Optimism 434
17 Irrational Beliefs 458
PART 1 Persona itv and Individual
Differences 1 18 Embarrassment, Shyness and Social Anxiety 480
19 Interpersonal Relationships 505
20 Social Attitudes and Culture 535
1 Personality Theory in Context 2 21 Well-being and Personality Disorders 575
2 The Basis of the Psychoanalytic Approach to 11 22 Individual Differences in Health and Illness 605
rerSOnalliy zz 23 An Introduction to Psychometric Testing 627
3 Developments of Freudian Theorising 44
4 Learning Theory Perspectives on Personality 72 Glossary Gl
5 Cognitive Personality Theories 102 References and further reading RI
6 Humanistic Personality Theories 127 Index 11
7 The Trait Approach to Personality 163
8 Biological Basis of Personality 1 Genetic
Heritability of Personality and Biological and _ The following additional material can be
Physiological Models of Personality 193 jgPp! found on the website
9 Biological Basis of Personality II Evolutionary (www.pearsoned.co.uk/maltby)
Psychology and Animal Studies of Personality 224
24 Academic Argument and Thinking 669
25 Statistical Terms 677
26 Research Ethics 686
PART 2 Intelligence 249
10 An Introduction to Intelligence 250
11 Theories and Measurement of Intelligence 266
12 How Intelligence Tests are Used What Questions
Emerge from the Measurement of Intelligence? 293
13 Heritability and Socially Defined Group
Differences in Intelligence 324
14 Intelligence and the Self Emotional Intelligence,
Creativity, and Sex Difference in Intelligence 362
15 Personality and Intelligence in Education
and Work
406
CONTENTS
About the Authors xviii
Preface xix
Acknowledgements xxiv
PARTI Personality and Individual
Differences 1
1 Personality Theory in Context 2
Key themes 2
Learning outcomes 2
Introduction 3
General population perspectives: implicit
personality theories 3
Problems with implicit theories 4
How is personality defined? 4
Lay definitions of personality 4
Psychological definitions of personality 5
The aims of studying personality 5
The source of the term personality 7
Approaches to studying personality: idiographic
versus nomothetic 7
Describing personality 9
Distinctions and assertions in personality research 9
Effects of personality versus situational effects 10
Measurement issues 10
Strands of personality theorising 12
The clinical approach and its history 12
Individual differences emphasis on personality
and its history 13
Current conceptualisations of individual differences 13
Studying personality as a personal experience 14
Reading critically and evaluating theories 16
The cultural context of personality theories 18
Final comments 19
Summary 19
Connecting up 20
Critical thinking 20
Going further 20
Film and literature 21
2 The Basis of the Psychoanalytic
Approach to Personality 22
Key themes 22
Learning outcomes 22
Introduction 23
Description of Freud s theory of personality 23
Levels of consciousness 23
The nature of human beings and the source
of human motivation 25
The structure of the personality 27
The development of personality 28
Defence mechanisms 31
Repression 31
Denial 32
Projection 32
Reaction formation 32
Rationalisation 32
Conversion reaction 33
Phobic avoidance 33
Displacement 33
Regression 33
Isolation 34
Undoing 34
Sublimation 34
Clinical applications of Freudian theory 34
Evaluation of Freudian theory 36
Description 36
Explanation 36
Empirical validity and testable concepts 36
Comprehensiveness 38
Parsimony 38
Heuristic value 39
Applied value 39
Final comments 39
Summary 40
Connecting up 41
Critical thinking 41
Going further 41
Film and literature 42
3 Developments of Freudian Theorising 44
Key themes 44
Learning outcomes 44
Introduction 45
Individual psychology of Alfred Adler 46
Inferiority feelings 46
Personality development in Adlerian terms 47
Birth order 48
Characteristics of the neurotic personality 48
Adlerian treatment approaches 49
Evaluation of Adler s individual psychology theory 50
Carl Jung and analytic psychology 52
Structures within the psyche 53
Jungian personality types 55
Jung s conception of mental illness and its treatment 56
Evaluation of Jung s theory 57
Description 57
Explanation 58
Empirical validity 58
Testable concepts 58
Comprehensiveness 58
Parsimony 59
Heuristic value 59
X
CONTENTS
Applied value
The psychology of Karen Horney
Essentials of Horney s theoretical position
The development of the personality and the
neurotic personality
Defence mechanisms
Penis envy and female masochism
Evaluation of Horney s theory
Description
Explanation
Empirical validity
Testable concepts
Comprehensiveness
Parsimony
Heuristic value
Final comments
Summary
Connecting up
Critical thinking
Going further
Film and literature
4 Learning Theory Perspectives on
Personality
Key themes
Learning outcomes
Introduction
Introduction to learning theory
The clinical perspective within classical conditioning
The radical behaviourism of B. F. Skinner
Attempts to apply learning theory approaches
to personality
The stimulus-response model of personality of
Dollard and Miller
Albert Bandura and social learning theory
Learning with Bandura s model
Personality development in social learning theory
Self-efficacy as a self-regulatory process
Increasing self-efficacy ratings
Measuring self-efficacy
Julian Rotter and locus of control
The impact of locus of control on behaviour
Walter Mischel
The impact of Mischel
Evaluation of learning theory approaches
Description
Explanation
Empirical validity
Testable concepts
Comprehensiveness
Parsimony
Heuristic value
Applied value
Final comments
Summary
Connecting up
Critical thinking
Going further
Film and literature
5 Cognitive Personality Theories
Key themes
Learning outcomes
Introduction
Theory of personal constructs of George A. Kelly 104
The view of the person in Kelly s theory 104
Concepts within Kelly s theory 105
Personality development according to Kelly 109
Assessing personality in personal construct theory 109
Clinical applications of personal construct theory 111
Albert Ellis and rational-emotive behaviour therapy 112
Origins of the theory of rational-emotive
behaviour therapy 112
Rational and irrational thoughts 113
The importance of perception and the
subjective worldview 115
Development of the individual 118
The basic model of rational-emotive
behaviour therapy 118
Sources of psychological disturbance 120
Applications of rational-emotive behaviour therapy 120
Research evidence for effectiveness of
rational-emotive behaviour therapy 120
Contentious issues 121
Overall evaluation of cognitive approaches 122
Description 122
Explanation 122
Empirical validity 122
Testable concepts 122
Comprehensiveness 122
Parsimony 122
Heuristic value 123
Applied value 123
Final comments 123
Summary 123
Connecting up 124
Critical thinking 124
Going further 124
Film and literature 125
6 Humanistic Personality Theories 127
Key themes 127
Learning outcomes 127
Introduction 128
Historical roots and key elements of the
humanistic approach 129
Abraham Masiow and self-actualisation 129
Human nature and human motivation 129
Hierarchy of needs 131
Discussion of basic needs 133
Characteristics of self-actualisers 133
Personality development 134
Mental illness and its treatment in Maslow s
approach 135
Evaluation of Maslow s approach 135
Carl Rogers and person-centred therapy 137
Basic principles underlying the theory 137
Self-actualisation 139
Effect of society on self-actualisation 139
Developmental impact on the child of their
parents self-concept 141
The role of the actualising tendency in development 142
Rogers conceptualisation of psychological
problems 143
The principles of Rogerian counselling 144
The role of the therapist or counsellor 146
Evaluation of Rogers theory 149
Self-determination theory 151
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CONTENTS
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The four theories of self-determination theory
Evaluation of self-determination theory
The reward controversy and the eight criteria
Description
Explanation
Empirical validity and testable concepts
Applied value
Comprehensiveness
Parsimony
Heuristic value
Final comments
Summary
Connecting up
Critical thinking
Going further
Film and literature
1 The Trait Approach to Personality
Key themes
Learning outcomes
Introduction
Emergence of personality traits
Defining personality traits
The development of trait theories within psychology
Sheldon and somatotypes
Early lexical approaches to personality and the
lexical hypothesis
Gordon Allport
Raymond Cattell and the emergence of the factor
analytic approach
Types of traits
Contribution of Cattell
Hans Eysenck s trait theory of personality
Eysenck s structure of personality
Research evidence for Eysenck s types
Psychopathology and Eysenck s therapeutic
approach
Eysenck s contribution to trait theorising
The five-factor model
Evidential sources for the five-factor model
A sixth personality factor? Expanding on the
five-factor model of personality
The sixth factor of personality: honesty-humility?
The introduction of the HEXACO model of
personality
Theory of the HEXACO model
of personality structure
The big one? The general factor of personality
Evaluation of trait approaches
Final comments
Summary
Connecting up
Critical thinking
Going further
Film and literature
8 Biological Basis of Personality I Genetic
Heritability of Personality and Biological
and Physiological Models of Personality
Key themes
Learning outcomes
Introduction
Behavioural genetics
Behavioural genetics: basic ideas 194
How the influence of genes is assessed in
behavioural genetics 194
Methods for assessing genetic heritability of
personality 196
Genetic heritability estimates and personality 196
Considerations within behavioural genetics and
personality 200
Conceptions of genetic heritability and the
environment 200
Different types of genetic variance 201
Shared and non-shared environments 201
Problems with the representativeness of twin
and adoption studies 206
Assortative mating 207
Changing world of genetics 207
A framework for considering heritability in
personality 208
Psychophysiology, neuropsychology and personality 210
Eysenck s biological model of personality and
arousal 211
Gray s BAS/BIS theory 213
Cloninger s biological model of personality 216
Empirical evidence for biological theories of
personality 218
The central nervous system and biological
personality dimensions 218
The autonomic nervous system and biological
personality dimensions 219
Biological personality dimensions and other
biological and physiological systems 219
Consideration of biological theories of personality 219
Final comments 220
Summary 221
Connecting up 221
Critical thinking 221
Going further 222
Film and literature 222
9 Biological Basis of Personality II
Evolutionary Psychology and
Animal Studies of Personality 224
Key themes 224
Learning outcomes 224
Introduction 225
Evolutionary theory 225
Evolutionary psychology and adaptation 225
Evolutionary personality and personality and individual
differences psychology 230
An introduction to evolutionary personality psychology:
Buss theory of personality and adaptation 230
How individual differences arise through cooperation:
the example of leadership 232
Life history and personality 234
Consideration of the evolutionary theory of personality 236
Animals and their personality 237
Animals and personality: a historical context 237
Within-species versus cross-species comparisons 238
Methods in animal personality research 238
Reliability and validity of animal personality research 239
Animal personality: the emergence of the five-factor
model of personality 240
Animal personality: informing evolutionary theories of
personality? 240
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XII
CONTENTS
Consideration of animal personality research 241
Adaptive personality and behavioural ecology 243
Definitions of personality: broad and narrow 243
Behavioural consistency: short-term and long-term
variation 244
The conceptual nature and function of adaptive
personality traits: plasticity versus highly constrained 244
Models of adaptive personality 245
Final comments 245
Summary 246
Connecting up 246
Critical thinking 247
Going further 247
Film and literature 248
PART 2 Intelligence 249
10 An introduction to Intelligence 250
Key themes 250
Learning outcomes 250
Introduction 251
Why does intelligence matter? 251
Implicit theories of intelligence 252
Research into implicit theories of intelligence 252
Laypersons implicit theories of intelligence 252
Laypersons implicit theories across cultures 254
Implicit theories of intelligence across the lifespan 258
Expert conceptions of intelligence 260
A task force in intelligence 261
The focus of this part of the text 262
Final comments 264
Summary 264
Connecting up 264
Critical thinking 264
Going further 265
Film and literature 265
11 Theories and Measurement
of Intelligence 266
Key themes 266
Learning outcomes 266
introduction 267
The birth of the psychology of intelligence: Galton
and Binet 267
Galton 267
Binet 268
The search for measurement continues: the birth of
IQ and standardised testing 269
Terman 269
Yerkes 270
General intelligence (g): the theory and the
measurement 271
V 271
Measuring ‘g՛: the Wechsler and Raven s Matrices 212
Multifactor theorists; Thurstone, Cattell and Guilford 279
Thurstone: g results from seven primary mental
abilities 279
Cattell: fluid and crystallised intelligence 280
Guilford: many different intelligences and many
different combinations 280
Intelligence and factor analysis - a third way: the
hierarchical approach 281
Vernon 282
Carroll: from the Three-Stratum Model of
Human Cognitive Abilities to CMC 283
Cattell, Horn and Carroll (CHC): theory, research
and practice together 283
Other theories of intelligence: Gardner and Sternberg 284
Howard Gardner: multiple intelligences 284
Robert Sternberg 287
Final comments 289
Summary 290
Connecting up 291
Critical thinking 291
Going further 292
Film and literature 292
12 How Intelligence Tests are Used What
Questions Emerge from the Measurement
of Intelligence? 293
Key themes 293
Learning outcomes 293
Introduction 294
Types of intelligence tests 294
The distinction between the psychometric and
the cognitive psychology approaches to
intelligence testing 295
Simple biological and physiological measures
of intelligence 295
Alexander Romanovich Luria 296
Das and Naglieri s cognitive assessment system
and the Kaufman s ability tests 298
Features, uses and problems surrounding
intelligence tests 302
Typical features of intelligence tests 302
The uses of intelligence tests 302
Problems and issues with intelligence tests 306
The intelligent use of intelligence tests 309
Some concluding comments 310
The Flynn effect 310
How was the Flynn effect discovered? 310
Explanations of the Flynn effect 313
The nutrition hypothesis versus the cognitive
stimulation hypothesis 318
An end to the Flynn effect? 320
Final comments 321
Summary 321
Connecting up 322
Critical thinking 322
Going further 322
Film and literature 323
13 Heritability and Socially Defined Group
Differences in Intelligence 324
Key themes 324
Learning outcomes 324
Introduction 325
Section A - The heritability of intelligence 326
Intelligence: the nature versus nurture debate 326
Galton 326
Heritability of intelligence 326
What do we mean by heritability of intelligence? 327
Methods for assessing genetic heritability of
intelligence 328
CONTENTS
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Heritability estimates of intelligence 328
Considerations within behavioural genetics and
intelligence 330
Modern estimates of the genetic heritability of
intelligence 332
Environmental influences on intelligence 332
Biological variables and maternal effects 333
Family environment 336
Education and intelligence 342
Culture and intelligence 343
Final comments on genetic heritability and
environmental influences on intelligence 344
Section B - The bell curve: group differences
in intelligence based on race 345
The bell curve 345
The bell curve: intelligence and class structure
in American life 346
The cognitive elite: looking at the higher end
of the bell curve 347
IQ scores and social and economic problems:
looking at the lower end of the bell curve 347
The relationship between race and IQ: implications
for social policy 349
Criticisms of The Bell Curve: Intelligence and
Class Structure in American Life 350
Analysis of the assumptions used by Herrnstein
and Murray 350
Statistical and evidence-based problems in
The Bell Curve arguments 354
A darker side of psychology related to Herrnstein
and Murray s analysis 356
Final comments 358
Summary 358
Connecting up 359
Critical thinking 359
Going further 359
Film and literature 360
14 Intelligence and the Self Emotional
Intelligence, Creativity, and Sex
Difference in Intelligence 362
Key themes 362
Learning outcomes 362
Introduction 363
Emotional intelligence 364
Salovey and Mayer s four-branch model of
emotional intelligence 364
Goleman s model of emotional intelligence 367
Bar-On s model of emotional intelligence 370
Providing contexts for understanding the three
models of emotional intelligence 371
The application of emotional intelligence in psychology 374
Sex differences in emotional intelligence 375
Critical consideration of emotional intelligence
theory and research 376
Creativity 378
Person 379
Process 379
Press 379
Product 380
Sternberg s creative leadership theory: what
constitutes creativity? 381
Creativity and the brain 383
Creativity and psychopathology 383
Sex differences in intelligence 386
Sex differences on measures of general intelligence 386
Sex differences in specific intelligences 388
Looking for explanations of sex differences in
measures of intelligence 390
Biological explanations for sex differences
in intelligence 391
Biological variables for sex differences in measures
of general intelligence 391
Biological variables for sex differences in spatial
intelligence 392
Summary of biological factors in sex differences
in intelligence 395
Environmental explanations for sex differences
in intelligence 396
Stereotypes and sex differences in intelligence
outside of education 397
Stereotypes and sex differences in intelligence
within education 397
Interactions between technology and
socioeconomic status and their influence
on intelligence in the classroom 399
A final consideration of sex differences in measures
of intelligence 400
Stereotype emphasis 400
Placing the extent of sex differences in intelligence
within its proper context 401
Interim summary for sex differences in intelligence 401
Final comments 402
Summary 402
Connecting up 403
Critical thinking 403
Going further 404
Film and Literature 405
15 Personality and Intelligence in
Education and Work 406
Key themes 406
Learning outcomes 406
Introduction 407
Personality and intelligence predictors of
achievement in education and the workplace 408
Established measures of personality
and intelligence: predictors of achievement
in education and work 408
The difficulties with using established
measures of personality and intelligence in
education and work 411
Learning styles and experiential learning theory 413
Learning processes 413
Learning styles 414
Application and measurement of learning processes
and styles 415
Critical consideration of Kolb s theory 416
Emotional intelligence in education and the
workplace 416
Goleman s theory of emotional intelligence 416
Emotional intelligence and leadership 416
Emotional intelligence and self-learning 417
Consideration of emotional intelligence in education
and the workplace 418
Successful intelligence and leadership: wisdom
and giftedness 420
Wisdom 420
XIV
CONTENTS
Giftedness
Giftedness, termites and IQ scores
Modern conceptions of giftedness: not just high IQ?
Psychological models of giftedness
Summary of giftedness
Working with those who have learning disabilities
Working with those who have learning disabilities:
the darker historical line
Working with those who have learning disabilities:
the positive historical line
Feuerstein and Structural Cognitive Modifiability
Theory and programme of structural
Cognitive Modifiability
Final comments
Summary
Connecting up
Critical thinking
Going further
Film and literature
PART 3 Applications in Individual
Differences
16 Optimism
Key themes
Learning outcomes
Introduction
Learned optimism - explanatory style
Learned helplessness versus learned optimism
The ABC format
Distraction and disputation
Dispositional optimism
The Life Orientation Test: a measure of
dispositional optimism
Optimism and well-being
Coping and appraisals
Benefits of optimism and well-being
Optimism: a cloud in the silver lining?
Situational optimism
Hope
Benefits of hope
Measurement of hope
A consideration of false hope
Optimism versus positive thinking
Final comments
Summary
Connecting up
Critical thinking
Going further
Film and literature
17 irrational Beliefs
Key themes
Learning outcomes
Introduction
The basic theory of rational-emotive behaviour
therapy (REBT)
The ABCs of human disturbance
Must-urbatory thinking and disturbance
irrational beliefs and mental health
Irrational beliefs and individual differences 468
Issues with irrational beliefs that need to be
considered and addressed 468
The case for and against religion 468
The case for and against luck: the importance
of belief in good luck 472
Superstitious beliefs 473
Irrational beliefs and sport 475
Final comments 477
Summary 477
Connecting up 478
Critical thinking 478
Going further 478
Film and literature 479
18 Embarrassment, Shyness
and Social Anxiety 480
Key themes 480
Learning outcomes 480
Introduction 481
Introducing social anxieties and social anxiety disorder 481
What exactly is social anxiety disorder? 482
General symptoms, prevalence and conceptions
of social anxiety disorder 483
Definitions and diagnosis of social anxiety disorder 484
What causes social anxiety disorder? 485
Shyness 487
What is shyness? 488
The consequences of shyness 490
State versus trait shyness 491
State shyness 491
Trait shyness 491
Embarrassment 495
Four theories of embarrassment 497
Re-evaluation of the embarrassment models 498
Categorisation of embarrassing situations 499
Embarrassment, measurement and personality 500
Final comments 501
Summary 501
Connecting up 502
Critical thinking 502
Going further 503
Film and literature 503
19 Interpersonal Relationships 505
Key themes 505
Learning outcomes 505
Introduction 506
Interpersonal attraction 507
Theories of interpersonal attraction 507
Fata! attraction 508
Love styles 509
The triangular theory of love 509
Love styles (or the colours of love) 511
Individual and group differences in love styles 513
Romantic love and attachment styles 514
Relationship dissolution 516
The investment model 516
How individuals initiate the end of a relationship 518
How individuals react when the other person
initiates the end of the relationship 520
Introducing forgiveness 521
What is forgiveness? 522
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Models of the forgiveness process 522 Personality disorders 586
The Enright model of forgiveness 523 General criteria for personality disorders: the
The Worthington (pyramidal) model 525 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Attachment and forgiveness 528 Disorders (DSM-5) (American Psychiatric
Forgiveness and personality 528 Association, 2013) 587
Final comments 531 Personality disorders: Cluster A: paranoid,
Summary 531 schizoid and schizotypal personality disorders 589
Connecting up 532 Personality disorders: Cluster B: antisocial,
Critical thinking 532 borderline, histrionic and narcissistic personality
Going further 532 disorders 591
Film and literature 533 Personality disorders: Cluster C: avoidant,
dependent and obsessive-compulsive personality
Social Attitudes and Culture 535 disorders 593
Genetic, biological and environmental influences
Key themes 535 on personality disorders 595
Learning outcomes 535 Five-factor correlates of personality disorders 599
Introduction 536 Issues with the conceptualisation and categorisation
Right-wing authoritarianism, conservatism of personality disorders 600
and social dominance 537 Final comments 601
Authoritarianism 537 Summary 601
Conservatism 540 Connecting up 602
Social dominance orientation 542 Critical thinkina 603
Theory of social dominance 542 Going further 603
The measurement of social dominance orientation 544 Film and literature 603
Right-wing attitudes and personality 545
Right-wing attitudes and Eysenck s theory
of personality 545 22 Individual Differences in Health
Five-factor theory of personality and conservatism 546 and Illness 605
Critical consideration of right-wing attitudes theory 547 Key themes 605
Religion 549 Learning outcomes 605
Dimensions of religiosity 549 Introduction 606
Religion and mental health 551 Defining health 607
Religion and personality 553 Personality, health and illness: how might they
Religion, personality, coping and mental health 555 be linked? 608
Critical review 557 Researching the links between personality, health
Culture and personality 557 and illness 610
Psychological anthropology 558 Type A and Type B personality 610
Configurationalist approach 558 Measurement of Type A/B personality 611
Basic and modal personality structure approach 558 Research on Type A/B personality 611
National character 560 Further psychological research on Type A personality 613
Personality and national culture: the work of Hofstede 562
! ntegrative model of personality 566
Evolution and human behaviour 566
The dispositional signature 567
Characteristic adaptations 567
Life narratives and the challenge of modern identity 568
The differential role of culture 569
Final comments 571
Summary 571
Connecting up 572
Critical thinking SI2
Going further 573
Film and literature 574
Well-being and Personality Disorders 575
Key themes 575
Learning outcomes 575
Introduction 576
The structure and measurement of well-being 576
Circumplex Theory of Affect: the structure of mood 5 77
Subjective and psychological well-being 578
Psychological well-being as a resilience across
the lifespan 583
Personality, mood and well-being 583
Type D personality 614
Individual differences in the reaction to physical illness 614
Conceptualising stress 615
Depression 617
Anxiety defined 618
Concepts especially relevant to health
psychology covered previously 619
Locus of control 620
Self-efficacy 620
Optimism 620
Intelligence 621
Expanding definitions of health and well-being 621
Personality and well-being: the positive
psychology approach 621
Final comments 622
Summary 623
Connecting up 624
Critical thinking 624
Going further 625
Film and literature 626
23 An Introduction to Psychometric Testing 627
Key themes 627
Learning outcomes 627
XVI
CONTENTS
Introduction 628 Deductive versus inductive arguments 671
Types and uses of psychometric tests 628 Fallacies in arguments 672
Developing a psychometric test 629 Fallacies of the undistributed middle 672
Developing items for a psychometric test 629 The fallacy of affirming the consequent 673
Writing items for a psychometric test 630 Argument directed at the person (argumentum
Clarity of questions 631 ad hominem, argument directed at the man ) 673
Leading questions 632 Appealing to ignorance or absence of fact
Embarrassing questions 633 (argumentum ad ignorantiam, argument
Hypothetical questions 633 to ignorance ) 674
Questions with reverse wording 633 Appeal to popular beliefs (argumentum ad populum,
Response formats 634 argument to the people ) 674
Instructions 636 Appeal to emotion (argumentum ad misericordiam,
Collecting the data 637 argument to pity ) 674
Reliability 638 False dilemma 675
Internal reliability (internal consistency) 638 Comparing populations 676
Using internal reliability to select items 639 Summary 676
Computing the scale (producing an overall score) 642 Going further 676
Test-retest reliability (reliability over time) 644
Validity 646
Advanced techniques in psychometric 25 Statistical Terms 677
evaluation: factor analysis 653 Key themes 677
Factor analysis 653 Learning outcomes 677
Exploratory factor analysis 654 Introduction 678
Confirmatory factor analysis 661 Tests of association 678
The International Personality Item Pool and the Higher Correlation coefficients 678
Education Academy in Psychology practicáis Factor analysis 679
web page 663 Multiple regression 682
Final comments 663 Tests of difference 682
Summary 666 Tests of difference for two sets of scores 682
Connecting up 666 Tests of difference for more than two sets of scores 683
Critical thinking 666 Meta-analysis 683
Going further 667 Effect size 684
Film and literature 668 Summary 685
Going further 685
Glossary G1
References and further reading R1 26 Research Ethics 686
Index 11 Key themes 686
Learning outcomes 686
Introduction 687
The following additional material can be What do we mean by research ethics?
fimml: found on the website Why do we need ethical codes? 687
(www.pearsoned.co.uk/maltby) Basic principles for ethical research 687
Research studies have to comply with all legal 687
requirements 687
24 Academic Argument and Thinking 669 Research participants 688
Key themes 669 NHS and social services/social care research 689
Learning outcomes 669 Ethical principles for conducting research with human
Introduction 670 participants (The British Psychological Society) 689
The structure of arguments: premises and conclusions 670 Going further 690
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Maltby, John 1969- Day, Liz Macaskill, Ann |
| author_GND | (DE-588)136498841 (DE-588)136499104 (DE-588)136499139 |
| author_facet | Maltby, John 1969- Day, Liz Macaskill, Ann |
| author_role | aut aut aut |
| author_sort | Maltby, John 1969- |
| author_variant | j m jm l d ld a m am |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV044310405 |
| classification_rvk | CR 5000 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)986515877 (DE-599)BSZ486530124 |
| dewey-full | 155.2 |
| dewey-hundreds | 100 - Philosophy & psychology |
| dewey-ones | 155 - Differential & developmental psychology |
| dewey-raw | 155.2 |
| dewey-search | 155.2 |
| dewey-sort | 3155.2 |
| dewey-tens | 150 - Psychology |
| discipline | Psychologie |
| edition | Fourth edition |
| format | Book |
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| genre | 1\p (DE-588)4123623-3 Lehrbuch gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Lehrbuch |
| id | DE-604.BV044310405 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T07:49:24Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781292090511 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-029714076 |
| oclc_num | 986515877 |
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| owner_facet | DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-739 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-824 |
| physical | xxvi, 668 Seiten, Glossary G1-G18, References R1-R37, Index I1-I30 Illustrationen, Diagramme 27 cm |
| publishDate | 2017 |
| publishDateSearch | 2017 |
| publishDateSort | 2017 |
| publisher | Pearson |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Maltby, John 1969- Verfasser (DE-588)136498841 aut Introduction to personality, individual differences and intelligence Personality, individual differences and intelligence John Maltby (University of Leicester), Liz Day (Sheffield Hallam University), Ann Macaskill (Sheffield Hallam University) Fourth edition Harlow, England ; London ; New York Pearson 2017 xxvi, 668 Seiten, Glossary G1-G18, References R1-R37, Index I1-I30 Illustrationen, Diagramme 27 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Previous edition: 2013. - Includes bibliographical references and index Intelligenz (DE-588)4027251-5 gnd rswk-swf Differentielle Psychologie (DE-588)4012259-1 gnd rswk-swf Persönlichkeit (DE-588)4045242-6 gnd rswk-swf Individualpsychologie (DE-588)4026745-3 gnd rswk-swf Persönlichkeitspsychologie (DE-588)4075996-9 gnd rswk-swf Personality Personality and intelligence Individual differences 1\p (DE-588)4123623-3 Lehrbuch gnd-content Persönlichkeitspsychologie (DE-588)4075996-9 s Persönlichkeit (DE-588)4045242-6 s Intelligenz (DE-588)4027251-5 s DE-604 Differentielle Psychologie (DE-588)4012259-1 s 2\p DE-604 Individualpsychologie (DE-588)4026745-3 s 3\p DE-604 Day, Liz Verfasser (DE-588)136499104 aut Macaskill, Ann Verfasser (DE-588)136499139 aut Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, PDF 978-1-292-09057-3 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, ePub 978-1-292-18063-2 Digitalisierung UB Bamberg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029714076&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk 2\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk 3\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Maltby, John 1969- Day, Liz Macaskill, Ann Personality, individual differences and intelligence Intelligenz (DE-588)4027251-5 gnd Differentielle Psychologie (DE-588)4012259-1 gnd Persönlichkeit (DE-588)4045242-6 gnd Individualpsychologie (DE-588)4026745-3 gnd Persönlichkeitspsychologie (DE-588)4075996-9 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4027251-5 (DE-588)4012259-1 (DE-588)4045242-6 (DE-588)4026745-3 (DE-588)4075996-9 (DE-588)4123623-3 |
| title | Personality, individual differences and intelligence |
| title_alt | Introduction to personality, individual differences and intelligence |
| title_auth | Personality, individual differences and intelligence |
| title_exact_search | Personality, individual differences and intelligence |
| title_full | Personality, individual differences and intelligence John Maltby (University of Leicester), Liz Day (Sheffield Hallam University), Ann Macaskill (Sheffield Hallam University) |
| title_fullStr | Personality, individual differences and intelligence John Maltby (University of Leicester), Liz Day (Sheffield Hallam University), Ann Macaskill (Sheffield Hallam University) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Personality, individual differences and intelligence John Maltby (University of Leicester), Liz Day (Sheffield Hallam University), Ann Macaskill (Sheffield Hallam University) |
| title_short | Personality, individual differences and intelligence |
| title_sort | personality individual differences and intelligence |
| topic | Intelligenz (DE-588)4027251-5 gnd Differentielle Psychologie (DE-588)4012259-1 gnd Persönlichkeit (DE-588)4045242-6 gnd Individualpsychologie (DE-588)4026745-3 gnd Persönlichkeitspsychologie (DE-588)4075996-9 gnd |
| topic_facet | Intelligenz Differentielle Psychologie Persönlichkeit Individualpsychologie Persönlichkeitspsychologie Lehrbuch |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029714076&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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