Syrian orthodox Christians in the late Ottoman period and beyond: crisis then revival
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Piscataway, NJ
Gorgias Press
2017
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Gorgias eastern christian studies
43 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | xx, 506 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten |
| ISBN: | 9781463205751 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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Table of Contents
Table of Contents.vii
Foreword by Ignatius Aphrem II.xiii
Acknowledgments.xv
Tables, Figures and Appendices.xvii
Introduction. 1
I. Purpose and General Scope.1
II. The Syrian Orthodox Christians — A Historical Background.3
i. Christology and Schisms.3
ii. Ensuing Unrest in Byzantine Syria.5
iii. In Sassanid Mesopotamia.5
iv. Cultural Identity.7
v. Under Early Islam.8
vi. Under the Saljuqs and the Crusades.10
vii. Revival and Renaissance Despite the Turmoil.11
viii. Twelfth Century Turmoil.12
ix. The Rise of the Zangi Atabegs.13
x. The Mongol Era.16
xi. Response to Mongol Invasion. 20
xii. Fragmentation of the Mongol Rule.20
xiii. The Syrian Orthodox Patriarchate and its Dioceses.22
xiv. Syrian Orthodox Relations with Rome.24
III. Christianity in the Middle East, Trends of Historicity.26
IV. The Syrian Orthodox in Pre-WWI Traveler Accounts.31
V. Trends in Recent Studies.33
i. Studies on Syrian Orthodoxy through the Prism of Identity.33
ii. Sayfo and related studies.39
VI. Archival Sources.41
i. The archives at the Monastery of Deir al-Zacfaran (Dayro d-
Kurkmo) and the Church of the Forty Martyrs in Mardin.41
ii. Aphram Barsoum’s personal archives at the Syrian Orthodox
Patriarchate in Bab Tuma, Damascus.42
iii. St. Mark’s Convent Archives in Jerusalem (Dayro d-Mor Marqos).42
iv. Aphram Barsoum’s Manuscript on the Syriac Dioceses.42
v. Kitab al Ahadeet (Book of Oral Accounts).43
vi. Lambeth Palace Library Archives.43
vii
viil The Syrian Orthodox Christians: Crisis then Revival
vii. The National Archives at Kew, London.43
Chapter One: Under the Ottoman Umbrella: The Millet System and its
Evolution.45
1.1 The Historical Framework.46
1.2 The Millet System in Action ֊ The Three Initial Millets.50
1.2.1 The Rum (Greek) Millet.50
1.2.2 The Armenian Millet.51
1.2.3 The Jewish Millet. 54
1.3 The Missions and the Millets.54
1.3.1 Background.54
1.3.2 Catholic Missions.55
1.3.3 Protestant Missions. 58
1.4 The Syriac Christians in the Millet System. 61
1.4.1 Historical and General Perspectives.61
1.4.2 Under Ottoman Rule.63
1.4.3 The Syrian Orthodox and the Millet System.64
1.4.4 Relations with the Porte. 68
1.4.5 The Orthodox Suryani Qadim Patriarchal General Regulation
(Ortodoks Suryani Kadim Patrklgi Nizamnamey — i Umumiyesi).68
1.4.6 Sultans and Patriarchs — Certain Parallels Worthy of Note.69
1.5 From Millet to Nationalism.71
1.5.1 General Developments.71
1.5.2 Social Transformation of the Millets.72
1.5.3 The Tanzimat and Subsequent Eras.73
1.6 Revival and Nationalism in the Arab Lands.77
1.6.1 In Greater Syria.77
1.6.2 In Iraq.82
1.7 Concluding Remarks.87
Chapter Two: Syrian Orthodoxy in the Nineteenth Century.89
2.1 General.89
2.2 Sources for this Chapter.90
2.3 The Land, the People and their Recent History.90
2.3.1 General.90
2.3.2 Travellers’ Accounts.94
2.4 Tur Abdin: the “Heartland of the Syriac Tradition”.100
2.4.1 History and People.100
2.4.2 Oswald Parry in Tur Abdin.104
2.4.3 Aphram Barsoum in Tur Abdin.106
2.4.4 Under the Mercy of the Kurdish Rulers.106
2.4.5 Tur Abdin, a Separate Patriarchate.108
2.5 Ottoman Population Statistics. 108
2.6 Linguistic Profile.110
2.7 People Writing to their Patriarch.110
2.7.1 Introduction.110
2.7.2 Analysis of Letters to the Patriarch.111
Table of Contents ix
2.8 State of Society and Leadership.121
i) “People without schools must inevitably decline”.121
ii) The Latin Priests and the French Consul.122
iii) Parry Visits a School: Telling Reflections.122
2.9 A Period of Intense Conversion to Catholicism.123
2.10 The Church property Issues — A manifestation of the Divisions.126
2.11 Conversion to Protestantism.128
2.12 Church Leadership.131
2.12.1 Dioceses.131
2.12.2 Patriarchs.132
2.12.3 A Patriarch with Resolve — Peter III (1872—1894).133
Chapter Three: Antioch, Canterbury and India.137
3.1 Introduction.137
3.2 Syriac Christianity in Southern India: A Brief Background.138
3.3 The Synod of Diampor (1599 CE): A New Start for the Church of
India.140
3.4 Arrival of Mar Gregorius Abdul Jalil al-Mosulli.141
3.5 British Interest in the Syriac Christians of Southern India.142
3.6 Patriarch Peter’s Visit to England.144
3.6.1 Purpose and Initial Steps.144
3.6.2 Encountering Closed Doors.146
3.6.3 Shedding light on the Anglican Position on the Syrian
Orthodox Church in India.149
3.6.4 Audience with Queen Victoria, then Departure.151
3.7 Patriarch Abdul Masih and Canterbury.153
3.8 Patriarch Abdullah and Canterbury.153
3.9 The Apostolicae Curae: The Source of a Temporary Rapprochement.155
3.10 Patriarchal Visits to India.157
3.11 Subsequent Developments in India.158
3.12 Concluding Notes.159
Chapter Four: Syrian Orthodoxy in the Period 1895—1914: External
Aggression and Internal Decline.163
4.1 Introduction. 163
4.2 The Geopolitical Dimension.164
4.2.1 Wars of Independence and Consequences on Ottoman Society.164
4.2.2 European Power Politics.166
4.2.3 Simmering Internal Unrest Among the Majority Muslims and its
Consequences.167
4.2.4 The 1894—1896 Violence Against the Armenians.170
4.3 The Impact of Violence on Christian Communities (Syrian Orthodox
and Assyrians).170
4.4. Patriarch Abdul Masih II (Abdul Masih) (1895-1904): Witness to
Bloodshed and Communal Destruction.171
4.4.1 His Early life and Election to Patriarchate.171
x The Syrian Orthodox Christians: Crisis then Revival
4.4.2 A Troubled Era: The 1895 Violence and the Syrian Orthodox
Communities.172
4.4.3 Eyewitness Accounts of the 1895 Violence.174
4.4.4 Consequences of Abdul Masih’s Patriarchate: His Deposition.182
4.4.5 Abdul Masih after Deposition: Manifestation of Continued
Decline.185
4.5 At the Turn of the Twentieth Century, Attrition Under Multiple
Threats.187
4.6 Patriarch Abdullah II Sattuf (1906—1915) — Oscillating Allegiance in a
Time of Turmoil.189
4.6.1 Early Ecclesiastic Career.189
4.6.2 On Abdullah’s Departure to the Catholic Church.192
4.6.3 Abdullah Sattuf the Patriarch.198
4.6.4 Facing the Wrath of Community and Clergy.206
4.7 Beyond Church Leadership.212
4.7.1 The Nizamnamah — Milla Constitution.213
4.7.2 Journalism.214
4.7.3 Theme of Periodicals in Anatolia.215
4.7.4 Beyond Anatolia.216
4.7.5 A Promising Personality.216
4.8 Concluding Discussion.217
Chapter Five: Massacres and Exodus — From Sayfo To Safety.221
5.1 Introduction.221
5.2 Sayfo.222
5.3 A Devastated Community with a New Leader: Elias III Shakir
(1917-1932).229
5.4 International Forums and Treaties — The Paris Peace Conference.231
5.4.1 Sèvres and Lausanne.231
5.4.2 The Case for the Syriac Christians.232
5.4.3 Barsoum’s Attempt for a Dialogue with the British and the
French.233
5.4.4 Barsoum’s Nationalist Position.235
5.4.5 Barsoum’s Address Before the Paris Peace Conference.236
5.5 In the Upper Mesopotamian Homeland in the Aftermath of the
War.237
5.5.1 The Patriarch Preaches Allegiance.237
5.5.2 The Expulsion of the Patriarchate from Turkey.239
5.5.3 The Further Alienation of the Non-Muslim Minorities.241
5.6 Following the Exodus.243
5.6.1 Resetdement and Challenges.243
5.6.2 The Exodus of the Last Edessans — The Last Caravan from
Ur fa.245
5.6.3 Help Arriving from Expatriates.247
5.6.4 Exploring the Prospects of Foreign Aid.248
5.7 Re-Building Church Institutions.250
Table of Contents xi
5.7.1 The Dawn of a New Freedom — Welcoming the Patriarch in
Mosul.251
5.7.2 Patriarch Elias III in Mosul and then in India.252
5.7.3 The Mar Matti Synod of 1930.253
5.7.4 Patriarch Elias III Terminates his Journey in India.254
5.8 Concluding Remarks.254
Chapter Six: Syrian Orthodoxy at the Threshold of its Second Renaissance.257
6.1 Overview.257
6.2 Motivations for Revival.259
6.2.1 Motivations Derived from Inherited Characteristics.259
6.2.2 Congenial and Supportive New Environment.263
6.2.3 The Role of the Church in the New Age.267
6.2.4 The Rise of a Core of Motivated Reformers.267
6.3 Milestones of the Revival.268
6.3.1 Re-settlement of Refugees and Church Construction.268
6.3.2 The Education of the Clergy.268
6.3.3 Church-Community Interaction in Education. 269
6.3.4 Liturgical Development.269
6.3.5 Translation Movement.270
6.3.6 Restoration of Historical Name and Identity.271
6.4 The Reformers and their Contributions.272
6.4.1 Patriarch Aphram I Barsoum (1887—1957).272
6.4.2 Bishop Philoxenus Yuhanna/Yuhanon Dolabani (1885—1969).285
6.4.3 Nicmatullah Denno (1885—1951).287
6.4.4 Nacum Fariq (1868-1930).290
6.4.5 Second and Subsequent Generations of Reformers.291
6.5 An Overview of the Second Half of the Twentieth Century —
Achievements and New Challenges.297
An Expanding Cultural Renaissance.298
An Expanding Ecumenical Vision.299
Ordeal and Challenges — Losing the Homeland.301
Tur Abdin after Emigration.302
An Expanding Diaspora and Emerging Challenges.302
Conclusion.305
Epilogue.311
Bibliography.313
Appendices.339
Archival Documents.387
Digitizing the Archives.489
Index.493 |
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| spelling | Dinno, Khalid Verfasser (DE-588)1069670316 aut Syrian orthodox Christians in the late Ottoman period and beyond crisis then revival Khalid S. Dinno Piscataway, NJ Gorgias Press 2017 xx, 506 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Gorgias eastern christian studies 43 Syrisch-Orthodoxe Kirche von Antiochien (DE-588)4028442-6 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte gnd rswk-swf Geschichte Türkei Osmanisches Reich (DE-588)4075720-1 gnd rswk-swf Syrian Orthodox Church / History Christianity and other religions / Islam / History Turkey / History / Ottoman Empire, 1288-1918 Osmanisches Reich (DE-588)4075720-1 g Syrisch-Orthodoxe Kirche von Antiochien (DE-588)4028442-6 b Geschichte z DE-604 Gorgias eastern christian studies 43 (DE-604)BV022947127 43 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029693109&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Dinno, Khalid Syrian orthodox Christians in the late Ottoman period and beyond crisis then revival Gorgias eastern christian studies Syrisch-Orthodoxe Kirche von Antiochien (DE-588)4028442-6 gnd Geschichte |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4028442-6 (DE-588)4075720-1 |
| title | Syrian orthodox Christians in the late Ottoman period and beyond crisis then revival |
| title_auth | Syrian orthodox Christians in the late Ottoman period and beyond crisis then revival |
| title_exact_search | Syrian orthodox Christians in the late Ottoman period and beyond crisis then revival |
| title_full | Syrian orthodox Christians in the late Ottoman period and beyond crisis then revival Khalid S. Dinno |
| title_fullStr | Syrian orthodox Christians in the late Ottoman period and beyond crisis then revival Khalid S. Dinno |
| title_full_unstemmed | Syrian orthodox Christians in the late Ottoman period and beyond crisis then revival Khalid S. Dinno |
| title_short | Syrian orthodox Christians in the late Ottoman period and beyond |
| title_sort | syrian orthodox christians in the late ottoman period and beyond crisis then revival |
| title_sub | crisis then revival |
| topic | Syrisch-Orthodoxe Kirche von Antiochien (DE-588)4028442-6 gnd Geschichte |
| topic_facet | Syrisch-Orthodoxe Kirche von Antiochien Geschichte Türkei Osmanisches Reich |
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