Moscow 1956: the silenced spring
Joseph Stalin had been dead for three years when his successor, Nikita Khrushchev, stunned a closed gathering of Communist officials with a litany of his predecessor's abuses. Meant to clear the way for reform from above, Khrushchev's "Secret Speech" of February 25, 1956, shatter...
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| Sprache: | English |
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Cambridge, Massachusetts ; London, England
Harvard University Press
2017
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| Ausgabe: | First printing |
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| Zusammenfassung: | Joseph Stalin had been dead for three years when his successor, Nikita Khrushchev, stunned a closed gathering of Communist officials with a litany of his predecessor's abuses. Meant to clear the way for reform from above, Khrushchev's "Secret Speech" of February 25, 1956, shattered the myth of Stalin's infallibility. In a bid to rejuvenate the Party, Khrushchev had his report read out loud to members across the Soviet Union that spring. However, its message sparked popular demands for more information and greater freedom to debate. Moscow 1956: The Silenced Spring brings this first brief season of thaw into fresh focus. Drawing on newly declassified Russian archives, Kathleen Smith offers a month-by-month reconstruction of events as the official process of de-Stalinization unfolded and political and cultural experimentation flourished. Smith looks at writers, students, scientists, former gulag prisoners, and free-thinkers who took Khrushchev's promise of liberalization seriously, testing the limits of a more open Soviet system. But when anti-Stalin sentiment morphed into calls for democratic reform and eventually erupted in dissent within the Soviet bloc...notably in the Hungarian uprising...the Party balked and attacked critics. Yet Khrushchev had irreversibly opened his compatriots' eyes to the flaws of monopolistic rule. Citizens took the Secret Speech as inspiration and permission to opine on how to restore justice and build a better society, and the new crackdown only reinforced their discontent. The events of 1956 set in motion a cycle of reform and retrenchment that would recur until the Soviet Union's collapse in 1991.... |
| Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Beschreibung: | 434 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten |
| ISBN: | 9780674972001 |
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| 520 | |a Joseph Stalin had been dead for three years when his successor, Nikita Khrushchev, stunned a closed gathering of Communist officials with a litany of his predecessor's abuses. Meant to clear the way for reform from above, Khrushchev's "Secret Speech" of February 25, 1956, shattered the myth of Stalin's infallibility. In a bid to rejuvenate the Party, Khrushchev had his report read out loud to members across the Soviet Union that spring. However, its message sparked popular demands for more information and greater freedom to debate. Moscow 1956: The Silenced Spring brings this first brief season of thaw into fresh focus. Drawing on newly declassified Russian archives, Kathleen Smith offers a month-by-month reconstruction of events as the official process of de-Stalinization unfolded and political and cultural experimentation flourished. Smith looks at writers, students, scientists, former gulag prisoners, and free-thinkers who took Khrushchev's promise of liberalization seriously, testing the limits of a more open Soviet system. But when anti-Stalin sentiment morphed into calls for democratic reform and eventually erupted in dissent within the Soviet bloc...notably in the Hungarian uprising...the Party balked and attacked critics. Yet Khrushchev had irreversibly opened his compatriots' eyes to the flaws of monopolistic rule. Citizens took the Secret Speech as inspiration and permission to opine on how to restore justice and build a better society, and the new crackdown only reinforced their discontent. The events of 1956 set in motion a cycle of reform and retrenchment that would recur until the Soviet Union's collapse in 1991.... | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804177455312797696 |
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| adam_text | MOSCOW 1956
/ SMITH, KATHLEEN E.YYEAUTHOR
: 2017
TABLE OF CONTENTS / INHALTSVERZEICHNIS
JANUARY: AFTER THE ICE
FEBRUARY: A SUDDEN THAW
MARCH: A FLOOD OF QUESTIONS
APRIL: EARLY SPRING
MAY: FRESH AIR
JUNE: FIRST FLUSH OF YOUTH
JULY: INTELLECTUAL HEAT
AUGUST: BY THE SWEAT OF THEIR BROWS
SEPTEMBER: OCEAN BREEZES
OCTOBER: STORM CLOUDS
NOVEMBER: WINDS FROM THE EAST
DECEMBER: THE BIG CHILL
DIESES SCHRIFTSTUECK WURDE MASCHINELL ERZEUGT.
Academy of Sciences, 73, 171, 176,
181—182, 184, 189, 193, 195, 241,
345
Adamova-Sliozberg, Ol’ga, 110
Adams, Mark, 195
Adzhubei, Aleksei, 233, 338
Ageeva, RuF, 159—160, 165
Agriculture, 28-29, 31, 43, 75, 154,
174—175, 214, 310—311; students and,
167—168, 199. See also Virgin Lands
campaign
Akhmatova, Anna, 113, 126, 161, 269,
326-327, 347
Aksyonov, Vasily, 140
Albert-Ploshanskaia, Berta, 91
Alekhsakhin, Ivan, 103—105
Alexeyeva, Ludmilla, 3, 5
All-Union State Institute for Cinema-
tography (VGIK), 131, 134-136, 147,
155, 292, 304, 343
Alma-Ata, 62, 131, 221
Altai, 204-205, 209, 214, 217
Amnesty, 11, 27, 87, 90, 112, 116, 118,
158
Angelina, Pasha, 167
Angelina, Svetlana, 167—168
Anticosmopolitan campaign, 25, 63,
172, 193, 228, 314
Anti-party group, 324-325
Anti-Semitism, 10, 25, 52, 84, 150, 274,
280
Antonov-Ovseenko, Vladimir, 45
Aristov, Averkii, 29, 37, 39, 42, 103,
106-107
Arkhangelsk, 101—102, 104
Atarov, Nikolai, 257, 272—273
Atomic project: Soviet, 28, 76—77,
170-171, 178-180,188-189, 195,
236; American, 191; British, 235,
238
Avalov, Robert, 74, 77
Babel, Isaac, 261, 275
Baku, 33, 96-97
Balandina, Nina, 169, 189—191, 343
Barkova, Anna, 15, 110—120, 130,
136-138,327-328, 343
BBC (British Broadcasting Service), 75,
163, 295, 297-298
425
INDEX
Berg, Raisa, 191, 193
Berggol’ts, Olga, 126
Beria, Lavrenty: arrest and trial of, 15,
27—28, 32—33, 86, 145; ambitions of,
27; as scapegoat, 35, 52, 92, 104, 336;
and purges, 52, 85-86
Bierut, Bolesław, 291
Biisk, 203-204, 206, 208-209, 224
Bittner, Stephen, 17, 338, 341
Bohr, Niels, 173, 193
Boiarichkov, Aleksandr, 103
Borden, Richard, 225
Bratsk, 209-210
Brigantine Raises Saily The (novel),
200-201, 204-208, 224
Bugaev, Evgenii, 313
Bukharin, Nikolai, 67, 71, 89, 93
Bulganin, Nikolai, 29, 50, 53—54, 85,
231; trip to Britain, 234-238, 254, 310
Bulgaria, 229, 245, 247
Bureaucracy, 6, 56; culpability for
Stalinism, 69, 275; critiques of, 74-75,
92, 257-258, 260, 294, 330; former
prisoners and, 87-88, 90-93, 96, 111,
116-117, 138, 327; and the economy,
192, 224, 241-242, 266, 270; and
privilege, 241-242, 267. See also Not by
Bread Alone
Burzhdalov, Eduard, 311-315
Butyrka (prison), 178, 191
Central Committee (of the Communist
Party of the Soviet Union), 23, 27, 45,
49, 59, 61, 65, 72, 88-89, 96,107;
purges of, 36, 68, 75; and Secret
Speech, 42, 50, 53, 57; and ideological
vigilance, 63, 70, 72, 77, 189, 228,
259, 269-272, 275, 313, 315; alleged
cult of, 79; and rehabilitations, 90, 94,
98, 100, 102-104; and science, 176,
181, 185, 275; December letter of,
306-309, 314, 330; 1957 Plenum,
324-325, 337
Childhood, 19, 140-144
China, 8, 29, 44, 161, 228, 230, 279, 316
Chistiakov, A. N., 245
Chronicle of the Times of Viktor Podgursky,
139, 147, 150-154, 166, 208, 225-226
Chubar, Vlas, 37
Chudákov, Aleksandr, 299-300
Chudákova, Marietta, 336
Chudinova, Kseniia, 24, 82-85, 95,
98-99,101-102
Chudnovskii, Samuil, 24
Chukovskaia, Lidiia, 1, 2, 327, 335
Churchill, Winston, 237
Civil war (Russian), 18, 20-21, 28, 40,
66-67, 82, 97, 141, 172, 198, 261
Clements, Barbara, 92
Collectivization, 18-19, 22, 29, 41, 57,
114, 143,175, 198
Comintern (Communist International
movement), 88-89
Communist Party of the Soviet Union
(CPSU): changes after Stalin, 10,
28-29, 45, 54, 56, 69, 107-108, 342;
Stalin and, 18-19, 30, 51; treatment
of rehabilitated members, 90, 93—96,
98-99, 104, 106; and science, 172,
175-177,181, 185, 188-189, 194;
nomenklatura (elite), 241—242, 247, 254,
256-257, 273—275; and literature, 258,
269-273, 275-279, 321-322. See also
Central Committee; Old Bolsheviks;
Party Control Commission; Presidium
Corruption, 9, 162-163, 207, 209, 219,
222,224, 339-340
Cult of personality: Stalin’s, 31, 41,
52-53; Marxism and, 45-46, 50, 54,
336; historians and, 46, 64, 67-69, 312;
and nature of Soviet system, 69-70, 79,
316-318; writers and, 276-277
Cybernetics, 183, 191, 193
Delectorskaya, Lydia, 250
Democracy, calls for, 5, 69, 74—75, 258,
337
Djilas, Milovan, 278, 286
Dmitriev, Sergei, 25, 57, 70-71, 252,
256, 278-279, 291-292, 307, 309, 314
Dobrovoľskii, Arkadii, 130
Dobson, Miriam, 34
INDEX
427
Doctor’s Plot, 25, 27, 35, 52
Dolmatovskii, Evgenii, 271
Donetsk (Yuzovka), 19—20, 109
Drozhdov (fictional character), 257,
264—268, 273; “Drozhdovs,” 274—275,
277—278, 321. See also Not by Bread
Alone
Dubinin, Nikolai, 180
Dudintsev, Vladimir: and Not by
Bread Aloney 241, 256—25S, 260,
263-279, 319-324, 331-332; biog-
raphy, 261—263
Dudintseva, Natal’ia, 262
Dunham, Vera, 259
Dunskii, Iulii: in exile, 15—17, 130—135;
rehabilitation and return to Moscow,
109—111, 134-136, 327; as writer,
136—138, 343; and Incident at Mine 8y
197-198, 200, 210-214, 225, 264
Economy (Soviet): conditions in 1956,
13, 43-44, 310-311, 318, 324-325;
and new construction projects,
198—200, 207—211, 224; and innova-
tion, 270—271; and inequality, 278,
305. See also agriculture
Education, 141—142; higher, 145—152,
154-168,280, 292, 304-305
Ehrenburg, Ilya, 10, 16, 258, 300, 323
Eikhe, Robert, 40, 42, 52
Elie, Marc, 101
ЕтеГіапоѵа, Irina, 125—127
Erofeev, Venedikt, 155—156
Fadeev, Aleksandr, 94—95, 141
France, 229—230, 245, 291, 304. See also
Paris
Free speech, 74-76, 165-170, 281-290;
crackdown on, 77—78, 303, 305—307,
321-322, 329-333
Freethinkers, 3, 282—283, 294, 303—304,
306, 307, 329, 332, 342
Frid, Iuliia Romanovskaia, 134
Frid, Valerii: in exile, 15—17, 130—133,
334—335; rehabilitation and return to
Moscow, 109—111, 134—136, 327; as
writer, 136—138, 343—344; and Incident
at Mine 8y 197-198, 200, 210-214, 225,
264
Fürst, Juliane, 159, 340
Galpernin, Boris, 296
Gamzatov, Rasul, 248
Genetics: revival of, 16, 169—171, 181,
185, 187-188, 196; ban on, 25,
174—176; teaching of, 177, 181—182,
193, 340; research on, 191, 195
Genkin, Aleksandr, 219
Gerasimova, Olga, 219
German, Mikhail, 80
Gerovich, Slava, 194
Gidoni, Aleksandr, 283—284, 286, 298,
303, 344
Gilburd, Eleonory, 300
Ginzburg, Evgenia, 86—87, 93—94,
326
Gladilin, Anatoly: Chronicle of the Times
ofViktor Podgursky, 139—140, 147,
150—154, 166, 225—226; generation,
140—145; education of, 145—147; and
Brigantine Raises Sail 197, 200—201,
204—208, 224—225; writing career,
339-340, 344
Golikov, Aleksandr, 294
Gomułka, Wladislaw, 287—288
Gorbachev, Mikhail, 5—6, 57, 143, 145,
149-150, 258, 341
Gorbachev, Raisa (nee Titarenko), 149,
163
Gorky Literary Institute, 139, 145—147,
151, 154, 166, 197, 208, 277, 344
Gorsuch, Anne, 247, 253
Graham, Loren, 189, 195
Granin, Daniil: Secret Speech and,
68—69; European cruise, 241—242,
245—248, 251, 255; Picasso exhibit,
299; biography, 344
Great Britain, 177, 229-230, 291, 304;
Soviet travelers to, 228—238
Greece, 229, 244-246
Gudz, Galina, 120-123, 128, 130
INDEX
Gulag: conditions, 14-15, 33-34, 95-96,
101-104, 178; reform of, 95-96,
101-102; labor, 123, 203, 206, 210
Guseeva, Evgenia, 134
Historians, 45—46, 59, 61-69, 312—315.
See also Pankratova, Anna
Holmes, Larry, 141
Housing: conditions, 13, 19; Khrushchev
and, 21, 43, 318—319; shortages and
overcrowding, 113, 134, 138, 148, 201,
262; rules governing, 117-119,180;
inequality in, 211—213,
Hungarian Revolution, 290-291, 316,
330; impact on cultural and political
freedom in the Soviet Union, 225-226,
279, 307-309, 329, 339; opposition to
Soviet intervention, 280, 282, 290,
292-298, 303, 323, 330-331, 335;
Khrushchev and, 290—299
Iakovlev, Aleksandr, 43-44, 331
Ianushkevich, Sergei, 187
Incident at Mine 8 (film), 135—136,
197-198, 200, 210-214, 225-226
Industrial Academy, 21—22
Institute of International Relations,
149
Institute of Physics Problems, 187-188
Institute of the Brain, 173, 177-178
Inta, 15-16, 109, 111, 116, 130-133,
136, 197-198, 212-213, 225, 334
International Society for Aid to
Revolutionaries (MOPR), 88—90
Irkutsk, 203, 205
Iron Curtain, 4, 6, 228—229, 253
Israel, 84
Italy, 43, 229, 244-249, 252, 254-255,
344-345
Iunost 139,148,154, 166, 197, 204,
208, 223
Ivanov, Vsevolod, 271
Ivanov, Vyacheslav, 251
Ivanovo-Voznesensk (Ivanovo),
112-113
Ivinskaia, Olga, 124-128
Izmalkovo, 125-127
Izvestiia, 240, 320—321
Joravsky, David, 175-176
Journalists, 2, 112, 199, 244, 249, 252,
259-261, 267
Kaganovich, Lazar, 29, 33, 37, 42,
324-326, 332
Kalatozov, Mikhail, 213
Kaliaeva, Eza, 195
Kaluga, 112, 115
Kapitsa, Pyotr, 177, 187-188, 236
Kapitsa, Sergei, 188
Kapler, Aleksei, 16, 131-132, 134,
136-137
Kara Bugaz, 244
Karaganda, 103, 178
Kargopol’, 101—102
Katerli, Elena, 240—241, 244, 246,
248-249, 253-254, 327
Kazakhstan, 62, 98, 103, 112, 115, 146,
150, 178, 201, 209-210, 214
Kemerovo, 116, 328
Ketlinskaia, Vera, 275
KGB. See Secret Police
Khetagurova, Valentina, 198
Khrushchev, Nikita: Secret Speech, 1—2,
35-38, 42-43, 48, 50-53, 309-311,
334; earlyyears, 19-21; and purges,
22—24, 325—326; views of Stalin, 23,
26, 33-35, 316; and former prisoners,
95-96, 98-100, 111, 338; travel
overseas, 228, 230-238; and Eastern
Europe, 283-284, 287-288, 290,
316—318, 331; retreat from de-
Stalinization, 306—307, 315-316, 323,
331, 338
Khrushchev, Sergei, 233, 251
Khrushcheva, Nina (great-
granddaughter), 326
Kiev, 21, 55, 102, 104,147, 174, 313
Kirov, Sergei, 22, 36, 39, 41, 92, 105,
108, 114, 1^4, 346
INDEX
420
Kiselev, Lev, 182, 186
Kliatsko, Lidiia, 145, 152, 159, 166
Kochetkov, Igor , 156,158—159
Koľtsov, Nikolai, 172, 176-177, 183,
193
Kolyma, 14, 32-33, 93-94, 97, 103,
120-121, 123, 130
Kolyma Taies, 126,137, 327, 345
Komárov, Petr, 39, 90
Komi, 33, 90, 193, 329, 345
Komsomol, 57, 78, 80, 107, 139-141,
144, 153-154, 157-159, 161-162, 298,
305; and discipline, 155-157,164,
167-168, 183, 185-187, 301; and
stroiki, 197-199, 201-211, 318; and
Virgin Lands campaign, 214, 217—218,
222-223
Komsomoľskaiapravda, 261—262, 344
Komsomol’sk-na-Amur, 204, 223
Kon, Igor , 71
Kosior, Stanislav, 37, 45
Kotkin, Stephen, 267
Kott, Jan, 287, 289
Kozlov, Denis, 260, 273, 338
Ko zlov, Vladimir, 206
Krainova, Geta, 304
Krasnoïarsk, 98, 103, 204
Krementsov, Nikolai, 172
Krivenko, Nikolai, 245
Kruzhok (pl. kruzhki) (study circle), 142;
Liapunov circle, 180-187, 195
Kudrova, Irma, 296, 341
Kurchatov, Igor, 236
Kursk, 19, 142-144, 297
KuEin, Iurii, 97
Kuusinen, Otto, 90
Kuznetsov, Anatolii, 140, 208
Kuznetsov, Vladimir, 293, 295, 304
Lamm, Viktor, 215, 218
Lavarishek, Sarra, 90
Lenin, Vladimir: mausoleum, 31—32;
testament, 41, 51, 324; legacy, 46,
50-54, 64, 66, 69, 295; and Elena
Stasova, 88—89, 92; nostalgia for, 92,
102, 145, 295. See also Leninism
Lenin All-Union Academy of Agricul-
tural Sciences (VASKhNIL), 176,
180- 181, 184-185, 194
Leningrad (St. Petersburg): purges in,
22, 24, 36, 52, 61, 66, 72; responses to
Secret Speech, 63—72
Leningrad Institute of Technology
(LTI), 151, 156-157, 300, 350
Leningrad Library Institute, 150, 290,296
Leningrad State University (LGU), 147,
149, 286, 298, 340; Biology Depart-
ment, 176-177, 187, 191, 193, 340;
discussion of Not by Bread Alone, 278,
280-281, 295, 320
Leninism: return to, 5, 45, 53—54,
78, 164, 310, 335, 337-338; teaching
of, 19, 156—157; adherents to, 34, 316;
interpretations of, 74—76, 78, 294, 314,
331. See also Lenin, Vladimir
Lenoe, Matthew, 33
Levin, Mikhail, 130—133
Levykin, Konstantin, 223—224
Liapunov, Aleksei, 169, 180-184, 187,
189, 193-194, 196
Liapunova, Elena, 182—187, 189, 195,
340-342, 344
Liapunova, Natal’ia, 169-170, 182-187,
189, 191-192, 194-196, 340-342,
344-345
Literary Institute. See Gorky Literary
Institute
Literaturnaia gazeta, 277, 282—283, 321
Loewenstein, Karl, 258
Lubyanka (prison), 23
Lunarcharskii, Anatolii, 113-114
Lysenko, Trofim, 48, 141, 170, 174-182,
185, 194—195, 332, 340; Lysenkoism,
170-171, 310; opposition to, 171, 175,
181- 189, 193-196, 322, 340
Magadan, 177, 204
Makotinskaia, Valentina, 116, 118
Malenkov, Georgy, 27-29, 31, 36, 43,
49, 93, 100, 262; trip to Britain,
231—232; and anti-party group,
324-325
INDEX
Matveeva, Irina, 215-218, 220-221
Medvedev, Roy, 33, 96
Meier, Golda, 84
Mendel, Gregor, 173; Mendelian
genetics, 175-177,183-184
Mendeleev Institute, 215, 220
Mezentsev, Leonid, 75—76
Miassovo, 169-171, 173, 180, 187,
189-196
Michurin, Ivan, 175; Michurinist
biology, 182, 195-196
Mikhalkov, Sergei, 257, 273-274
Mikoyan, Anastas: and Stalin, 26, 28;
and Aleksei Snegov, 32-33, 86, 107;
and preparation for Secret Speech, 36,
38—39, 41, 44, 95; and Twentieth Party
Congress, 44-46, 50; and Olga
Shatunovskaia, 95—97, 99—100, 105,
107; and foreign affairs, 233, 291
Mikoyan, Artem, 45
Mikoyan, Sergo, 32—34, 95
Milchakov, Aleksandr, 50, 93-95, 105,
107
Molchanova, Inna, 196
Molotov, Viacheslav, 28, 33, 37-38, 42,
82, 84-85, 94, 105, 310, 318; and
anti-party group, 324-325
Monakhova, Margarita, 142
Morgan, Thomas Hunt, 193; Morganist
genetics, 176
Morozov, Pavlik, 141, 143
Moscow, 11, 15-16, 85; party organ-
ization, 21-24, 147, 188, 200-201, 249;
purges in, 22-23; Muscovites, 112,
160-161, 205-207; former prisoners
and, 109-110, 112, 116-121, 123-124,
127, 130, 132-134
Moscow Aviation Institute (MAI), 200,
215, 220
Moscow State Pedagogical Institute
(MGPI), 218, 301
Moscow State University (MGU), 147,
149, 155-157, 166, 172; Philology
Department (filfak) and students, 11,
155-156, 158-161, 164,167-168,
215-218, 221-222, 292-293,
299-300, 319-320; and Secret
Speech, 145, 283, 336; School of
Biology and Soil Sciences and
students, 160-161, 164-165, 169-170,
176-177, 181-187, 189, 193-194, 218;
cafeteria boycott, 161—165; School of
History and students, 221, 223, 292,
314; and free speech, 258, 277,
292-293, 298-299, 304-305, 319,
330
Mosfilm, 132, 134, 213, 225
Murmansk, 151, 157
Music, 11, 13, 156,158, 167, 180, 215,
229-230
Nagy, Imre, 291, 316
Naiman, Anatoly, 300, 302
Naiman, Eric, 199-200
Neigauz, Genrikh, 127
Neiguaz, Stanislav, 127
Nekliudova, Olga, 127-128, 130, 345
Nesterov, Vadim, 75, 77
NKVD. See Secret Police
Norilsk, 95, 199, 201-204
Nor fry Bread Alone, 226, 241, 256—258,
263-270, 296, 308, 328-329; discus-
sions of, 272-278, 280-281, 319-323,
329—330, 332, 340. See also Dudintsev,
Vladimir
Novozhenov, Iurii, 192
Novyi mir, 256, 260, 269-271, 273,
321
October Revolution. See Russian
revolution
Odessa, 59-61, 244
Old Bolsheviks, 8, 23-24, 33, 36-37, 40,
45-46, 50, 88, 93, 107, 122. See also
Stasova, Elena
Orlov, Sergei, 247-248
Orlov, Yuri, 19, 24, 73-77, 329, 345
Orlova, Raisa, 278
Orlovskii, Ernst, 78, 282—283, 286,
296-298
Osipov, Iosif, 249
Osipova, Galia, 217—218
INDEX
431
Osipova, Zoya, 343
Ovechkin, Valentin, 275—276
Pankratova, Anna: speech at the
Twentieth Party Congress, 46;
lectures after the Secret Speech,
58—59, 63—72, 336; biography, 59—63;
and gulag survivors, 63, 315, 327; and
reform, 65, 80—81, 337—338; travel to
Britain, 238—239; and Voprosy istorii,
311-315
Paris, 227, 229, 244, 248-250, 300, 340,
344
Partiinost 61—63, 78—79, 88, 105, 276,
337-338
Party Control Commission, 39, 89—90,
98-99, 102, 108
Passports: internal, 14—15, 97—98,
112, 117-121, 133, 180, 203; foreign,
177
Pasternak, Boris: and Doctor Zhivago, 14,
125, 128, 161, 258, 322; and Varlam
Shalamov, 14—15, 121—128, 130
Pasternak, Zinaida, 127
Paustovskii, Konstantin: and travel,
227-230, 240-251, 254-255, 345; and
Not by Bread Alone, 257, 274—277, 279,
308, 319—320, 322, 340; affirmations
of loyalty, 323, 339
Peredelkino, 14—15
Pervukhin, Mikhail, 29, 38
Petõfi Circle, 291, 330
Petrosian, Georgii, 102, 104
Piatnitskii, Osip, 89
Picasso, Pablo, 1956 exhibit, 281—282,
297-303, 330
Pimenov, RevoPt: and Secret Speech,
78—80; and Not by Bread Alone, 257,
278, 280-281, 286, 296-297, 321;
political activism, 280—283, 290,
336—337, 340, 342, 345; and Poland,
286—290; and Hungary, 294—295;
arrest and trial of, 303, 328
Pionerskaiapravda, 142, 261
Pobeda (steamship), 227, 229, 239—243,
247, 252-255, 270
Pokrovskii, Mikhail, 61
Poland, 56, 231, 281, 286-290, 304,
307, 309, 316; Polish press, 287—290,
297—298, 328. See also Poznan
Polevoi, Boris, 240, 244, 246, 248-249,
252
Pollock, Ethan, 194
Pomerantsev, Vladimir, 269—270
Pospelov, Petr, 39-42, 48, 51, 323
Poznan, 286—288, 298
Pravda, 13, 93, 114, 273, 315; April
editorial, 77—79, 81, 311; coverage
of Yugoslavia, 283—285; coverage of
Poland, 288—290. See also Polevoi,
Boris
Presidium (of the Central Committee
of the Communist Party of the Soviet
Union), 11, 26-29, 30-31, 316,
324—325; and Secret Speech, 36—42,
48—51, 55; and rehabilitations, 85—87,
100; and foreign affairs, 231, 284, 287;
and free speech, 332, 337
Purges, 22-24, 61-62, 82-85, 89, 97,
114—115, 121—122, 177; accountability
for, 32-34, 96, 104-105, 275, 325-326;
réévaluation of, 36—38, 42, 75;
Pospelov commission and, 39—41
Pustyntsev, Boris, 293—294, 298
Pyr’ev, Ivan, 134
“Raid-Brigades,” 156—158, 166
Rakhmanov, Leonid, 241, 247, 250
Rákosi, Mátyás, 47, 291
Rehabilitations: petitions for, 16, 34, 72,
132; old Bolsheviks and, 33, 45 82,
84—86, 90—94; rumors of, 46, 55, 71;
policies and process, 87—88, 90, 96,
98-99, 106-107, 325; impact of,
109-111, 130, 134, 136, 138, 327.
See also amnesty
Remneva, Marina, 160
“Report on the Cult of Personality
and Its Consequences.” See Secret
Speech
Rodos, Boris, 37, 41
Romanovskaia, Marina, 134
INDEX
Romm, Mikhail, 213-214
Ronkin, Valerii, 151, 156—159, 166
Rudenko, Roman, 96
Russian revolution, 20—21, 112—113,
313-314, 329
Rybakov, Anatoly, 23
Rybakova, Tat iana, 23-26
Saburov, Maksim, 29, 38, 42
Sanagina, Valentina, 116, 328
Saratov, 62, 147
Secret Police (Cheka, GPU, OGPU,
NKVD, MVD/MGB, KGB): role in
purges, 22, 24, 39-41, 83, 114-115;
reining in of, 27, 32, 341; vigilance
against anti-Soviet activity, 74, 99,
247-248, 280, 292, 302-304, 306,
309
Secret Speech, 1-2, 50-54, 309-311;
domestic reception of, 5—6, 56-57,
65-81, 92, 145, 326, 331-332,
335—337, 340—341; preparations
for, 34-49; foreign reception of,
55-56, 233, 283, 290-291, 307,
316. See also Twentieth Party
Congress
Semashko, Nikolai, 173
Semichastnyi, Vladimir, 50
Serov, Ivan, 96, 98
Seventeenth Party Congress (1934
“Congress of Victors”)» 36-37, 39, 48,
51, 68
Shalamov, Varlam, 13—15, 110—111,
120-130, 136-138, 327, 345-346
Shalamova, Elena (daughter), 120, 122,
128-130
Shatunovskaia, Olga, 86, 95—100,
102-107,109, 111, 324-326, 335,
346
Shaumian, Lev, 33
Shaumian, Stepan, 97
Sheinis, Leonid, 295—297
Shelest, Petr, 102, 104
Shepilov, Dmitrii, 42
Short Course of the History ofthe All-Union
Communist Partyy 45, 63—64, 72
Show trials: in the Soviet Union,
1, 22, 35, 66, 84, 89,105, 329,
346; in Eastern Europe, 283, 291,
307
Shterovka, 120, 138
Shulman, Elena, 199
Shvarts, Mikhail, 212-213
Shvernik, Nikolai, 39
Simkin, Gennadii, 144
Simonov, Konstantin, 269-273,
275-277, 322
Slavin, Lev, 273
Snegov, Aleksei: and Secret Speech, 32,
35, 42; testimony about purges, 32—34,
52, 86; and Twentieth Party Congress,
36, 50, 83; and de-Stalinization,
95-96, 99,107-108, 111, 324-326,
346
Socialist realism: in literature, 224—225,
251, 259-260, 263, 266, 268, 270,
287-288, 321; in art, 299-302
Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr, 191, 260,
326
Soyfer, Valery, 217, 220
Spechler, Dina, 269, 271
Stalin, Joseph: death and funeral, 1, 10,
18, 26-27, 84-85,144-145; cult of, 19,
31-32, 43-44, 64, 67-69, 218, 261;
personality of, 21, 26, 29, 35, 48, 84,
231, 237, 252, 284; and purges, 22-23,
39-41, 51-52, 84, 131, 325; evaluations
of, 34-38, 41-42, 45-46, 50-53, 56,
64-67, 70, 312, 326; defenses of, 73,
306, 311, 316, 335
Stasova, Elena: and Twentieth Party
Congress, 46—47, 55, 91—93, 338;
biography, 88-89, 346; assistance to
purge victims, 90-93, 107
Stavropol , 57, 149-150
Stepanishcheva, Zinaida, 119
Stroika (pi. stroiki) (construction site),
197-199, 201-210, 219, 224
Stromynka dormitory, 161—163
Students: lifestyle of, 11—13, 155—160,
163, 330; responses to Secret Speech,
57-58, 66, 80, 145, 336; activism of,
161-165, 167-168,281-282, 286,
INDEX
433
Turkey, 229, 244, 246, 250
Turkmen, 13—14, 120—121, 123, 125
Tvardovskii, Aleksandr, 269—270
Twentieth Party Congress (of the
Communist Party of the Soviet
Union): preparations for, 13, 30—31;
sessions, 43—49, 82—83
292—303; and idealism, 165—166,
320-321, 330, 339-342. See also
Komsomol; Leningrad State Univer-
sity; Moscow State University; Virgin
Lands campaign
Sunguf, 179-180, 189, 192
Suslov, Mikhail, 29, 38
Sverdlovsk (Ekaterinburg), 170—171,
180,189
Tamm, Igor’, 188
Taubman, William, 21, 23, 26, 35
Tbilisi, 73
Teachers, 55-56, 59, 61, 66-67, 71, 73,
141-142, 166, 312,315,328
Terekhin, Andrei, 293, 295, 304
Tess, Tafiana, 240, 249
Thaw, metaphor, 10, 16—18
Thermal-Technical Laboratory, 73—79,
337, 340, 345
Timofeev, Andrei, 171
Timofeev, Dmitrii (Foma), 178
Timofeev-Resovskaia, Elena (nee
Fidler), 172-173, 177, 179-180,
187
Timofeev-Resovskii, Nikolai: and
Miassovo, 169-171, 187, 189-196;
biography, 172-173, 177-180, 340,
346; appearances in Moscow, 180—181,
187-189, 335
Tito, Josip Broz: admirers, 283, 286,
292, 294, 304; and Stalin, 283; visit
to the USSR, 283—285; criticism of
Soviet Union, 316—318, 324. See also
Yugoslavia
Tourism: domestic, 157—159, 165—166;
overseas, 228—229, 238—255
Trauberg, Leonid, 134
Traveling Commissions, 82—84, 95,
99-107, 335
Trotsky, Lev, 61, 67, 313
Trotskyism: battle against, 39, 41, 51, 53,
62, 175; followers of, 61, 103; sympa-
thies with (alleged), 71, 89, 114, 122,
304, 309, 314
Tupolev, Andrei, 232
United States, 144, 230, 232-233, 238,
240, 304, 324; culture, 229, 303;
American tourists, 245, 247
Utesov, Leonid, 229
Vail7, Boris, 142-144, 149-150; and
Pimenov, 296—297; and Picasso
exhibit, 301—303; arrest and conse-
quences, 304, 329—330, 339—340,
346
VASKhNIL. See Lenin All-Union
Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Vavilov, Nikolai, 175, 193
Verblovskaia, Irena, 78, 80, 295—298,
328-329, 340, 346-347
Vidali, Vittorio, 31, 43, 46—49, 55—56,
88-91, 347
Vinokurov, Evgenii, 26
Viola, Lynne, 326
Virgin Lands campaign, 11, 28,
198-199, 203-204, 225, 310,
318; students and, 194, 199—200,
214-224
Vladimov, Georgii, 140
Voice of America (VOA), 297—298
Voprosy istorii, 62—63, 108, 308—309,
312-316
Vorkuta, 103—104
Voronin, Leonid, 186
Voronskaia, Galina, 91
Voronskii, Aleksandr, 112
Vorontsov, Nikolai, 182, 185, 187, 341,
344
Voroshilov, Kliment, 28, 33, 38, 42, 86,
94,311
Vospitanie, 141, 165—166
Vyshinsky, Andrei, 24
434 J INDEX
Wall newspapers, 157, 263, 277 , 281, 299
World War II, 24, 52, 56, 62, 112, 141,
177-178, 203, 261, 321-322
Writers’ Union, 26, 230, 270-271,
277-278, 323
Yagoda, Genrikh, 114—115
Yevtushenko, Yevgeny, 144
Yezhov, Nikolai, 37, 39, 88-89
Yugoslavia: press, 282—283, 286, 295,
298; relations with the Soviet Union,
283—286, 316—318; as model of
socialism, 285-286, 289, 292, 304.
See also Tito, Josip Broz
Yuzovka. See Donetsk
Zavadovskii, Mikhail, 176
Zelnik, Reginald, 62, 338
Zhemchuzhina, Polina, 82—85, 105
Zhukov, Georgii, 38, 103; and anti-party
group, 325
Zoshchenko, Mikhail, 269
Zubkova, Elena, 27, 66
Zubok, Vladislav, 323, 339
r
Bayerische
Staatsbibliothok
Muncha«
Titel: Moscow 1956
Autor: Smith, Kathleen E
Jahr: 2017
Prologue 1
1 JANUARY After the Ice 10
2 FEBRUARY A Sudden Thaw 30
3 MARCH A Flood of Questions 55
4 APRIL Early Spring 82
5 MAY Fresh Air 109
6 JUNE First Flush of Youth 139
7 JULY Intellectual Heat 169
8 AUGUST By the Sweat of Their Brows 197
9 SEPTEMBER Ocean Breezes 227
10 OCTOBER Storm Clouds 256
11 NOVEMBER Winds from the East 280
12 DECEMBER The Big Chill 306
Epilogue 334
Afterlives 343
Notes 349
Acknowledgments 421
Index 425
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Smith, Kathleen E. |
| author_GND | (DE-588)128448733 |
| author_facet | Smith, Kathleen E. |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Smith, Kathleen E. |
| author_variant | k e s ke kes |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV044271330 |
| callnumber-first | D - World History |
| callnumber-label | DK277 |
| callnumber-raw | DK277 |
| callnumber-search | DK277 |
| callnumber-sort | DK 3277 |
| callnumber-subject | DK - Russia, Soviet Union, Former Soviet Republics, Poland |
| classification_rvk | NQ 8302 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)982974532 (DE-599)BVBBV044271330 |
| dewey-full | 947.085/2 |
| dewey-hundreds | 900 - History & geography |
| dewey-ones | 947 - Russia & east Europe |
| dewey-raw | 947.085/2 |
| dewey-search | 947.085/2 |
| dewey-sort | 3947.085 12 |
| dewey-tens | 940 - History of Europe |
| discipline | Geschichte |
| edition | First printing |
| era | Geschichte 1956 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1956 |
| format | Book |
| fullrecord | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>04285nam a2200601 c 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">BV044271330</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-604</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20190912 </controlfield><controlfield tag="007">t</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">170412s2017 xxua||| |||| 00||| eng d</controlfield><datafield tag="010" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">016046251</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">9780674972001</subfield><subfield code="9">978-0-674-97200-1</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)982974532</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)BVBBV044271330</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-604</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="e">rda</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="044" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">xxu</subfield><subfield code="c">US</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="049" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-12</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-29</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-11</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-188</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-M352</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="050" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">DK277</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="082" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">947.085/2</subfield><subfield code="2">23</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">OST</subfield><subfield code="q">DE-12</subfield><subfield code="2">fid</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">NQ 8302</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-625)128982:</subfield><subfield code="2">rvk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">c 78.4</subfield><subfield code="2">ifzs</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Smith, Kathleen E.</subfield><subfield code="e">Verfasser</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)128448733</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Moscow 1956</subfield><subfield code="b">the silenced spring</subfield><subfield code="c">Kathleen E. Smith</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="250" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">First printing</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Cambridge, Massachusetts ; London, England</subfield><subfield code="b">Harvard University Press</subfield><subfield code="c">2017</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">434 Seiten</subfield><subfield code="b">Illustrationen, Karten</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">n</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">nc</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="500" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Includes bibliographical references and index</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Joseph Stalin had been dead for three years when his successor, Nikita Khrushchev, stunned a closed gathering of Communist officials with a litany of his predecessor's abuses. 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But when anti-Stalin sentiment morphed into calls for democratic reform and eventually erupted in dissent within the Soviet bloc...notably in the Hungarian uprising...the Party balked and attacked critics. Yet Khrushchev had irreversibly opened his compatriots' eyes to the flaws of monopolistic rule. Citizens took the Secret Speech as inspiration and permission to opine on how to restore justice and build a better society, and the new crackdown only reinforced their discontent. 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| geographic_facet | Sowjetunion Soviet Union Politics and government 1953-1985 Soviet Union History 1953-1985 Russland |
| id | DE-604.BV044271330 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T07:48:21Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780674972001 |
| language | English |
| lccn | 016046251 |
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| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-29 DE-11 DE-188 DE-M352 |
| physical | 434 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten |
| publishDate | 2017 |
| publishDateSearch | 2017 |
| publishDateSort | 2017 |
| publisher | Harvard University Press |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Smith, Kathleen E. Verfasser (DE-588)128448733 aut Moscow 1956 the silenced spring Kathleen E. Smith First printing Cambridge, Massachusetts ; London, England Harvard University Press 2017 434 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Includes bibliographical references and index Joseph Stalin had been dead for three years when his successor, Nikita Khrushchev, stunned a closed gathering of Communist officials with a litany of his predecessor's abuses. Meant to clear the way for reform from above, Khrushchev's "Secret Speech" of February 25, 1956, shattered the myth of Stalin's infallibility. In a bid to rejuvenate the Party, Khrushchev had his report read out loud to members across the Soviet Union that spring. However, its message sparked popular demands for more information and greater freedom to debate. Moscow 1956: The Silenced Spring brings this first brief season of thaw into fresh focus. Drawing on newly declassified Russian archives, Kathleen Smith offers a month-by-month reconstruction of events as the official process of de-Stalinization unfolded and political and cultural experimentation flourished. Smith looks at writers, students, scientists, former gulag prisoners, and free-thinkers who took Khrushchev's promise of liberalization seriously, testing the limits of a more open Soviet system. But when anti-Stalin sentiment morphed into calls for democratic reform and eventually erupted in dissent within the Soviet bloc...notably in the Hungarian uprising...the Party balked and attacked critics. Yet Khrushchev had irreversibly opened his compatriots' eyes to the flaws of monopolistic rule. Citizens took the Secret Speech as inspiration and permission to opine on how to restore justice and build a better society, and the new crackdown only reinforced their discontent. The events of 1956 set in motion a cycle of reform and retrenchment that would recur until the Soviet Union's collapse in 1991.... Khrushchev, Nikita Sergeevich 1894-1971 Geschichte 1956 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte Politik Political rehabilitation Soviet Union Entstalinisierung (DE-588)4152421-4 gnd rswk-swf Sowjetunion Soviet Union Politics and government 1953-1985 Soviet Union History 1953-1985 Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd rswk-swf Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 g Entstalinisierung (DE-588)4152421-4 s Geschichte 1956 z DE-604 LoC Fremddatenuebernahme application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029675934&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029675934&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029675934&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Smith, Kathleen E. Moscow 1956 the silenced spring Khrushchev, Nikita Sergeevich 1894-1971 Geschichte Politik Political rehabilitation Soviet Union Entstalinisierung (DE-588)4152421-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4152421-4 (DE-588)4076899-5 |
| title | Moscow 1956 the silenced spring |
| title_auth | Moscow 1956 the silenced spring |
| title_exact_search | Moscow 1956 the silenced spring |
| title_full | Moscow 1956 the silenced spring Kathleen E. Smith |
| title_fullStr | Moscow 1956 the silenced spring Kathleen E. Smith |
| title_full_unstemmed | Moscow 1956 the silenced spring Kathleen E. Smith |
| title_short | Moscow 1956 |
| title_sort | moscow 1956 the silenced spring |
| title_sub | the silenced spring |
| topic | Khrushchev, Nikita Sergeevich 1894-1971 Geschichte Politik Political rehabilitation Soviet Union Entstalinisierung (DE-588)4152421-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Khrushchev, Nikita Sergeevich 1894-1971 Geschichte Politik Political rehabilitation Soviet Union Entstalinisierung Sowjetunion Soviet Union Politics and government 1953-1985 Soviet Union History 1953-1985 Russland |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029675934&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029675934&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029675934&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT smithkathleene moscow1956thesilencedspring |
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