The roots and consequences of civil wars and revolutions: conflicts that changed world history
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Santa Barbara, California ; Denver, Colorado
ABC-CLIO
[2017]
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| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register |
| Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Beschreibung: | xiv, 529 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten, Portraits |
| ISBN: | 9781440842931 |
Internformat
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a The roots and consequences of civil wars and revolutions |b conflicts that changed world history |c Spencer C. Tucker |
| 264 | 1 | |a Santa Barbara, California ; Denver, Colorado |b ABC-CLIO |c [2017] | |
| 264 | 4 | |c © 2017 | |
| 300 | |a xiv, 529 Seiten |b Illustrationen, Karten, Portraits | ||
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| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a Includes bibliographical references and index | ||
| 648 | 7 | |a Weltgeschichte |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Civil war | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Revolutions | |
| 650 | 4 | |a World history | |
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| 776 | 0 | 8 | |i Erscheint auch als |n Online-Ausgabe |a Tucker, Spencer, 1937- |t Roots and consequences of civil wars and revolutions |d Santa Barbara, California : ABC-CLIO, 2017 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804177435745320960 |
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| adam_text | Contents
Chronological Entry List, ix
Alphabetical Entry List, xi
Introduction, xiii
Entries, 1
Contributors, 495
Index, 497
VII
Index
Abacha, Sani, 419
Abercromby, Ralph, 191
Aboukir, Battle of (1779), 187
Aboukir Bay, Battle of (1798), 184,185
Abrams, Creighton, 428
Abydos, Battle of (411 BCE), 10
Achillas, 29
Act of Accord (1460), 66
Act of Union (1707), 133
Act of Union (1800), 320
Actium, Battle of (31 BCE), 39
Adamites, 57
Adolphus, Gustavus, 94
ADRIC (Auxiliary Division of the RIC),
324
Adronicus II Palaeologus (Adronikos II
Palaiologus), 44
Adronicus III Paleolongus, 44-45
Aegean Sea, map of (460-404 BCE), 2
Aegina, 3
Aetolia, 5
Afghanistan, Babylonian War (311-309
BCE), 20
Afranius, Lucius, 29, 33
Agathocles, 22
Agrarian Law (1950), 348
Agrippa, Marcus, 30, 39
Aguiyi-Ironsi, Johnson, 415
Ahenobarbus, Lucius Domitius, 29, 32-33
Ahiara Declaration (1969), 418
Aix-la-Chapelle (1818), 200
Albania, Greek Civil War (1946-1949) and,
374,376
Albert, Marshal Duke of Saxe-Teschen,
175
Albinus, Decimus Juius Brutus, 38
Albrecht (Albert) of Austria, 59
Alcala-Zamora,Niceto, 356-357
Alcibiades, 8,10
Alekseyev, Mikhail, 296
Alexander, Duke of Albany, 70
Alexander I, Czar of Russia, 200, 202
Alexander II, Czar of Russia, 291
Alexander III, Czar of Russia, 291
Alexander III (Alexandar the Great) of
Macedonia, 12, 16-17
Alexander IV, 19, 20, 21-22
Alexander Polyperchon, 16
Alexander V, Pope, 55
Alexandre, Charles, 171
Alexandria, Siege of, 29
Allen, Ethan, 151
Allerheim, Battle of (1645), 106
Alphonso XIII, King of Spain, 356
Alvinczi von B0tberek, József, 180-181
Amadeus, Victor, 101,180
Amago Haruhisa, 77
Amago Katsuhisa, 78
American Civil War (1861-1865)
causes, 233-236
consequences, 252-254
course (1861), 236-239
course (1862), 239-244
course (1863), 244-249
course (1864), 250-251
course (1865), 252
map of, 238, 245
timeline, 254-263
American Duties Act (1764), 147-148
American Revolution (1775-1783)
casualty statistics, summary of, 147
causes, 147-151
consequences, 160-161
course, 151-160
497
498 I Index
French Revolution and, 169
map of, 149
timeline, 161-168
Amin, Idi, 469
Amphipolis, 3, 7
Anatolia, 11. See also Byzantine Empire
Anderson, Robert, 234
Andropov, Yuri, 390
Anegawa, Battle of (1570), 78
Angkor Wat, 425
Anglo-Irish Treaty (1921), 324, 325
Anna, Empress, 47, 48
Ansei Purge (1858-1860), 265
Antietam, Battle of (1862), 243-244
Antigenes, 18, 19
Antigonus (Antigonus the One-Eyed), 16-21
Antigonus Gonatus, 21-22
Antigonus II Gonatas of Macedon, 23
Antigonus III Doson, 23-24
Antingonus, 16
Antiochus I, 22
Antiochus I Soter, 23
Antiochus IV Epiphanes, 23
Antipater, 16,18,19
Antiphilus, 18
Antonius, Gaius, 32
Antony, Mark, 29, 32, 33-34, 38
Anuradhapura Massacre (1985), 456
Anytus, 11
Apocaucus, 47^18
April Theses (1917), 296
Arab Spring, 480,482. See also Libyan Civil
War (2011)
Aranthalawa Massacre (1987), 458
Arcesilas, 18
Archidamian War (431-421 BCE), 4-7
Archidamus II, 4-7
Archon, 18
Argead Dynasty, 20
Arginusae, Battle of (406 BCE), 10
Argos, 7, 11-12
Aristocratic Reaction (1787-1789), 171
Armenia, Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (1918),
298-299
Army of the Covenant, 122
Arnim, Hans Georg von, 96
Arnold, Benedict, 151,152-153, 156-157
Arrhidaeus, 17, 19
Articles of Confederation, 160-161
Artillery
Battle of Gettysburg (1863), 248
Boshin Civil War (1868-1869), 269
Hussite Wars, 57
Thirty Years’ War (1618-1648), 97
War of the Roses (1455-1485), 65
Arusha Accords (1993), 472
Asaba Massacre (1967), 414,417
Asakura Yoshikage, 78
Asander, 17
Ashikaga Shogunate, 77, 78
AshikagaYoshihisa, 79
Ashikaga Yoshimasa, 79
Ashikaga Yoshimi, 79
Asquith, Herbert H., 322, 323
Assembly of Notables (1788), 171
Astley, Lord, 125
Aston, Arthur, 128
Athens, Battle of (1944-1945), 372
Athens, Greece, map of, 2. See also
Peloponnesian Wars (460-404 BCE)
Atropates, 18
Attica, 4, 9
Audley, Lord, 65
Augereau, Pierre, 180,182
Augustus, 39
Augustus, Frederick, Duke ofYork, 177
Aussig, Battle of (1426), 54, 58
Austria. See also European Revolutions
(1848); Thirty Years’ War (1618-1648)
Duel Monarchy of Austria-Hungary,
216
European Revolutions (1848), 205-210
French Revolution and, 176,180,183,
189,190
Hungarian independence and, 383-384
War of the Second Coalition (1798-1802),
185-188
Wars of the French Revolution (1792-
1802), 174
Autumn Harvest Uprising (1927), 340
Autumn Offensive (1947), 337
Auxiliary Division of the RIC (ADRIC), 324
Azai Nagamasa, 78
Azana Diaz, Manuel, 357
Azerbaijan, Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (1918),
298-299
Azhari, Gholam-Reza, 446
Azuchi-Momoyama period (1573-1600), 77
Index I 499
Babangida, Ibrahim, 419
Babylon
Babylonian War (311-309 BCE), 20
Wars of the Diadochi (323-275 BCE) and,
17
Bach, Alexander, 215-216
Bach System, 215-216
Bagaza, Jean-Baptiste, 469
Bagradas River, Battle of (49 BCE), 29, 33
Bakhtiar, Shapour, 446
Bakufu. See Boshin Civil War (1868-1869)
Bakuhan, 82-83
Balewa, Abudakar Tafawa, 415
Balkans, 23, 294, 372, 373, 376. See also
Byzantine Empire
Bandaranaike, Sirimavo, 455^456
Bandaranaike, Solomon, 455
Bandit Suppression Campaigns (1930-1934),
341,342
Baner, Johan, 101, 102, 103
Banks, Nathaniel R, 241, 250, 251
Bapheus, Battle of (1302), 44
Barcelona, Battle of (1642), 103
Barnet, Battle of (1471), 63, 69-70
Barquín, Ramon, 403
Barras, Jacques, compte de, 159
Barthélemy, François-Marie, 182
Batista, Fulgencio, 399,401^404
Battle of 13 Prairial (1794), 178
Battle of Aboukir (1779), 187
Battle of Aboukir Bay (1798), 184, 185
Battle of Abydos (411 BCE), 10
Battle of Actium (31 BCE), 39
Battle of Allerheim (1645), 106
Battle of Anegawa (1570), 78
Battle of Antietam (1862), 243-244
Battle of Arginusae (406 BCE), 10
Battle of Athens (1944-1945), 372
Battle of Aussig (1426), 54, 58
Battle of the Bagradas River (49 BCE), 29, 33
Battle of Bapheus (1302), 44
Battle of Barcelona (1642), 103
Battle of Barnet (1471), 63, 69-70
Battle of Bemis Heights (1777), 155
Battle of Benburb (1646), 125-126
Battle of Bennington (1777), 155
Battle of Bergen, First (1799), 187
Battle of Bergen, Second (1799), 187
Battle of Blore Heath (1459), 63, 65
Battle of Botsworth Field (1485), 71
Battle of Breitenfeld (1631), 88, 97-98
Battle of Breitenfeld, Second (1642), 104
Battle of Bull Run, First (1861), 237
Battle of Bull Run, Second (1862), 242-243
Battle of Bunker Hill (1775), 152
Battle of Cape St. Vincent (1797), 182
Battle of Casale (1640), 103
Battle of Castricum (1799), 187
Battle of Chaeronea (338 BCE), 12
Battle of Chancellorsville (1863), 246
Battle of Changsha (1942), 336
Battle of Changzhou (1863-1864), 225
Battle of the Chesapeake (1781), 159
Battle of Chickamauga (1863), 249
Battle of Cixi (1862), 225
Battle of Cnidus (394 BCE), 11-12
Battle of Copenhagen (1801), 191
Battle ofCrannon, 16, 18
Battle of Custoza (1848), 211
Battle of Dannoura (1185), 77
Battle of Demotika (1352), 50
Battle of Dessau Bridge (1626), 87
Battle of the Downs (1639), 88, 103
Battle of Dublin (1922), 325-326
Battle of Dyrrhachium (48 BCE), 29
Battle of Edgecote Moor (1469), 69
Battle of Edgehill (1642), 121
Battle of Fleurus (1622), 87
Battle of Fleurus (1794), 178
Battle of Fredericksburg, First (1862), 244
Battle of Fredericksburg, Second (1863), 246
Battle of Freeman’s Farm (1777), 155
Battle of Freiburg (1644), 105
Battle of Fujian Pocket (1864-1865), 225
Battle of Gaines Mill (1862), 242
Battle of Gaza (312 BCE), 19
Battle of Gettysburg (1863), 247-248
Battle of Grammos (1948), 376
Battle of Guanzhong (1861-1864), 225
Battle of Guilford (1781), 158
Battle of Hexham (1464), 68
Battle of Hochst (1622), 92
Battle of Hohenlinden (1800), 190
Battle of Hondschoote (1793), 177
Battle of Hof rice (1423), 58
Battle of Hubei (1864), 225
Battle of Ilerda (49 BCE), 29, 33
Battle of Inlon River (1867), 225
500 I Index
Battle of Ipsus (301 BCE), 16, 21
Battle of Jankau (1645), 88,105
Battle of Jemappes (1792), 175
Battle of Jinan (1948), 345
Battle of Jintian (Guiping) (1851), 226
Battle of Kápolna (1848), 200
Battle of Kápolna (1849), 209
Battle of Kazan (1774), 140,142
Battle of King’s Mountain (1780), 158
Battle of Kizugawaguchi, First (1576), 78
Battle of Kizugawaguchi, Second (1578), 78
Battle of Kuningtou (1949), 337
Battle of Küstendil (Velbuzhd), 44
Battle of Langport (1645), 125
Battle of Las Mercedes (1958), 404
Battle of Lech River (1632), 88, 98
Battle of Leipzig (1631), 97-98
Battle of Leipzig (1642), 104
Battle of Lens (1648), 88
Battle of Leuctra (371 BCE), 12
Battle of Lipany (1434), 59
Battle of Long Island (1776), 153
Battle of Longtan (Lung-tan) (1927), 340
Battle of Ludford Bridge (1459), 66
Battle of Lutter (1626), 88, 94
Battle of Lutzen (1632), 88
Battle of Maltepe (1329), 44
Battle of Malvern Hill (1862), 242
Battle of Manassas, First (1861), 237
Battle of Manassas, Second (1862), 242-243
Battle of Mantinea (418 BCE), 7
Battle of Marathon (490 BCE), 5
Battle of Marston Moor (1644), 122
Battle of Mechanicsville (1862), 242
Battle of Mikayo Bay (1869), 266
Battle of Mill Springs (1862), 239
Battle of Mimaomote (1579), 78
Battle of Misrata (2011), 480,484-487
Battle of Miyajima (1555), 77
Battle of Miyako Bay (1869), 270
Battle of Mohács (1526), 60
Battle of Monmouth (1778), 156
Battle of Munda (45 BCE), 30, 37
Battle of Mutina (43 BCE), 38
Battle of Nakatomigawa (1582), 78
Battle of Nanjing (1938), 336
Battle of Nanjing, Third (1864), 225
Battle of Nantwich (1644), 122
Battle of Naseby (1645), 124-126
Battle of Německy Brod (Deutschbrod), 58
Battle of New Market (1864), 250
Battle of Newbury, First (1643), 121-122
Battle of Newbury, Second (1644), 123-124
Battle of Newport (1778), 156
Battle of Nicopolis (48 BCE), 36
Battle of the Nile (47 BCE), 35
Battle of the Nile (1798), 184,185
Battle of Nördlingen (1634), 88, 100
Battle of Nördlingen (1635), 88
Battle of Nördlingen (1645), 106
Battle of Notium (406 BCE), 10
Battle of Novara (1848), 212
Battle of Oenophyta (457 BCE), 2
Battle of Omosu (1580), 78
Battle of Oshikibata (1554), 77
Battle of Pakozd (1848), 200
Battle of Pea Ridge (1862), 239
Battle of Peritherorion (1345), 43
Battle of Perryville (1862), 249
Battle of Pharsalus, 34-35
Battle of Pharsalus (48 BCE), 29
Battle of Philippi, 38-39
Battle of Plataea (479 BCE), 5
Batde of Pylos (425 BCE), 6-7
Battle of Rain (1632), 98
Battle of Raphia (217 BCE), 23
Battle of Rathmines (1649), 128
Battle of Rivoli (1797), 170
Battle of Rocroi (1643), 88, 104
Battle of Ruspina (46 BCE), 29
Battle of the Saintes (1782), 159
Battle of Sanhe (1858), 225
Battle of Saratoga, First (1777), 155
Battle of Saratoga, Second (1777), 155
Battle of Scarriffhollis (1650), 131
Battle of Schleswig (1848), 200
Battle of Sekigahara (1600), 77, 78
Battle of Shanghai (1861-1862), 225
Battle of Shanghai (1937), 336
Battle of Shanghai, First (1932), 341
Battle of Shenyang (1948), 345
Battle of Shiloh (1862), 240
Battle of Siping (1946), 336
Battle of Siping, Third (1947), 344
Battle of Sphacteria (425 BCE), 7
Battle of St. Albans (1455), 63
Battle of Stephaniana (1344), 43
Battle of Stones River (1863), 249
Index I 501
Battle of Sudomer (1420), 54
Battle of Sullivan’s Island (1776), 153
Battle of Sybota (433 BCE), 4
Battle of Tanagra (458 BCE), 2
Battle of Tatarahama (1569), 78
Battle of Tewkesbury (1471), 70
Battle of Thapsus (46 BCE), 30, 36
Battle of Toba-Fushima (1868), 266, 269
Battle of Torisaka (1568), 77
Battle of Tomavento (1636), 101
Battle of the Trebbia (1799), 186
Battle of Trenton (1776), 154
Battle of Tsaritsyn (1774), 140
Battle of Tumham Green (1642), 121
Battle of Ueno (1868), 269
Battle of Utica (49 BCE), 29
Battle of Valcour Island (1776), 153
Battle of Valmy (1792), 175, 176
Battle of Valvasone (1797), 182
Battle of Vitkov Hill (1420), 54, 57
Battle of Wakefield (1460), 67
Battle of Warsaw (1922), 304
Battle of Wattignies (1793), 177
Battle of White Mountain (1620), 59, 60, 87,
91-92
Battle of Wiesloch (Mingolsheim) (1622), 92
Battle of the Wilderness (1864), 250
Battle of Wimpfen (1622), 92
Battle of Wolgast (1628), 88
Battle of Zablati (1619), 91
Battle ofZela (47 BCE), 36
Battle of Zurich, Third (1799), 187
Battle of Zusmarshausen (1648), 88
Battle wagons, Hussite Wars, 57
Bavain, Eusebio, 211
Bay of Pigs (1961), 405
Bayingama, Peter, 470
Beaufort, Edmund, 64, 70
Beaufort, Henry, 66, 67
Beaulieu, Jean Pierre, 179, 180
Beauregard, P. G. T., 234, 240
Belgium
European Revolutions (1848), causes,
201-202
Rwanda and, 467, 472-473
Bello, Alhaji Ahmadu, 414
Bern, Jozef, 208, 210
Bemis Heights, Battle of (1777), 155
Benburb, Battle of (1646), 125-126
Benghazi, Libya, 482-486, 487
Bennington, Battle of (1777), 155
Benso, Camillo, 216
Bergin, First Battle of (1799), 187
Bergin, Second Battle of (1799), 187
Bernard of Saxe-Weimar, 100, 101, 102
Bethlen, Prince Gabor (Gabriel), 91, 106
Biafra War. See Nigerian Civil War
(1967-1970)
Bibikov, Alexander, 142
Bishops’War (1839), 120
Bismarck, Otto von, 216
Black and Tan War, 324. See also Irish War
of Independence and Civil War
(1919-1923)
Black and Tans, 324
Black Death, 50, 72
Black Flags, Russian Revolution, 299
Black Friday (1978), 444
Black July (1983), 456
Black Sea, Byzantine Empire (1355), 49
Bloody Sunday (1920), 324
Blore Heath, Battle of (1459), 63, 65
Blum, Leon, 360
Boeotia, 2, 3, 5
Bogomolov, Fedor, 141
Bohemia, Peace of Westphalia (1648), 108
Bohemian War (1468-1478), 60
Bohemian Wars. See Hussite Wars
(1419-1434)
Bohuslav of Svamberk, 56
Bolsheviks
Russian Civil War (1917-1922), 299-305
Russian Civil War (1917-1922),
consequences, 305-308
Russian Revolution (1917), 296-299
Bonaparte, Louis Napoleon, 205, 215
Bonaparte, Napoleon, 169, 177, 179-188, 212
consequences of French Revolution,
188-192
Bonaventure de Longueval, Charles, 91
Boni, 31
Borodin, Mikhail, 339
Boshin Civil War (1868-1869)
causes, 265-268
consequences, 270-272
course, 268-270
timeline, 272-274
Bosporus, 10, 144
502 I Index
Boston, Siege of (1775-1776), 151, 152
Boston Massacre (1770), 148
Boston Port Bill (1774), 148, 150
Boston Tea Party (1773), 148
Botsworth Field, Battle of (1485), 71
Bragg, Braxton, 249
Brasidas, 7
Breckinridge, John C., 250
Breda, Siege of (1624-1625), 87
Breitenfeld, Battle of (1631), 88, 97-98
Breitenfeld, Second Battle of (1642), 104
Brenek of Švihov, 56
Bright, John, 321
Britain. See also American Revolution (1775-
1783); European Revolutions (1848);
Irish War of Independence and Civil War
(1919-1923)
American Civil War (1861-1865), 237-
239, 243
antislavery campaign, 413
Battle of Copenhagen (1801), 191
Boshin Civil War (1868-1869), 265-267,
268, 271
Chinese Civil War (1927-1949), 339
Crimean War (1853-1856), 292
Dominion of Canada (1867), 254
French Revolution and, 183
Greek Civil War (1946-1949), 370, 371,
372, 374
Iranian Revolution (1978-1979), 440
League of Armed Neutrality (1780),
190-191
Libyan Civil War (2011), 481,485-486
Nigeria and, 413, 415
Opium War, Second (1856-1860), 230
Quasi* War (1798-1800), 184-185
Russian Civil War (1917-1922), 299, 301
Spanish Civil War (1936-1939), 360
Sri Lanka (Ceylon) and, 455
Treaty of Amiens (1802), 192
War of the Second Coalition (1798-1802),
185-188
Brown, John, 234
Brugha, Cathal, 323
Brune, Guillaume Marie Anne, 187
Brunet, Jules, 269-270
Brunswick, Karl Wilhelm, Duke of, 174, 176
Brunswick Manifesto, 174
Brusilov, Aleksei A., 296
Brutus, Decimus, 33, 38-39
Buchanan, James, 234
Buddhism. See also Sri Lankan Civil War
(1983-2009)
Budenny, Semen M., 304
Buell, Don Carlos, 239,249
Buhari, Muhammad, 419
Bulgaria, 374. See also Byzantine Empire
Bull Run, First Battle of (1861), 237
Bull Run, Second Battle of (1862), 242-243
Bunker, Elsworth, 428
Bunker Hill, Battle of (1775), 152
Burgoyne, John, 151, 154, 155
Burnside, Ambrose E., 242, 244
Burundi, 467^169
Butler, Benjamin F., 240, 250
Butler, James, 128
Byron, John Lord, 122-123
Byzantine Empire
fall of, 50
map (1355), 49
territories of, 43
Byzantine Empire Civil War (1341-1347)
causes, 43-45
consequences, 49-50
timeline, 51-53
Byzantium, 10
Caballero, Francisco Largo, 360
Cabello, Candido, 361-362
Caesar, Julius, 37-38. See also Caesarian-
Pompeian Civil War (49^45 BCE)
Caesarian-Pompeian Civil War (49^45 BCE)
causes, 29-32
consequences of, 38-39
course of, 32-38
principal battles, summary of, 29-30
timeline, 39-42
Caesar’s Civil War. See Caesarian-Pompeian
Civil War (49-45 BCE)
Calles, Plutarco Elias, 283
Callicratidas, 10
Calonne, Charles Alexandre, vicomte
de, 171
Calvary. See Land forces
Calvinism, 89, 108. See also Thirty Years’
War (1618-1648)
Calvinus, Domitius, 36
Cambodia, Vietnam and, 432-433
Index I 503
Cambodian Civil War (1967-1975)
causes, 424-427
consequences, 431-434
course, 427-431
timeline, 435-437
Campaign to Suppress Bandits (1930-1934),
341,342
Campaign to Suppress Bandits (1947), 336
Canada. See also Russian Civil War
(1917-1922)
American Revolution (1775-1783),
152-153
Dominion of Canada, creation of (1867),
254
Cantacuzenus (Kantakouzenos), John,
45-50
Cantacuzenus (Kantakouzenos), Matthew,
49-50
Cantacuzenus (Kantakouzenos), Michael,
49-50
Cape St. Vincent, Battle of (1797), 182
Cárdenas, Lázaro, 284-285
Carl, Maximilian Anton, 182
Carleton, Guy, 153
Carnot, Lazare, 177, 182
Carragh Mutiny (1914), 322
Carranza, Venustiano, 279, 280, 282, 283
Carson, Edward, 321-322
Carter, Jimmy, 406, 442, 447
Casale, Battle of (1640), 103
Casement, Roger, 322, 323
Cassander, 16, 17, 19-20, 21
Cassius, 38-39
Castro, Fidel, 399, 402^408
Castro, Raul, 402^403
Catherine II, Czarina of Russia (Catherine the
Great), 139-146,188
Catholic Association, 320
Catholic Church. See also Hussite Wars
(1419-1434); Thirty Years’ War
(1618-1648)
Civil Constitution of the Clergy
(1791), 173
English Civil Wars (1642-1651), 128-129,
132
European Revolutions (1848), 211, 215
French Revolution (1789-1799), 170-171,
188, 191-192
Hungarian Revolution (1956), 385
Ireland, The Troubles (1968-1998), 329
Irish War of Independence and Civil War
(1919-1923), 319, 320
John (Jan) Hus, 54-56
Mexican Revolution (1910-1920),
276-277, 284-285
Peace of Westphalia (1648), 107-109
Quebec Act (1774), 150
Spanish Civil War (1936-1939), 355, 364
Test Act (1672), 319, 320
Catholic League, 89, 91
Cavaignac, Louis-Eugene, 205
Cavendish, William, 122
Central Plains War (1930), 336
Cespedes у Quesada, Carlos Manuel de, 401
Cessation of Arms (1643), 121
Ceylon. See Sri Lankan Civil War
(1983-2009)
Chaeronea, 3
Chalcis, 3
Chamberlain, Joseph, 321
Chamberlain, Joshua, 248
Chamberlain, Neville, 360
Championnet, Jean Etienne, 185
Chancellorsville, Battle of (1863), 246
Chandragupta Maurya, 20
Chang Tso-lin. See Zhang Zuolin
Changchun, Siege of (1948), 337
Changsha, Battle of (1942), 336
Changzhou, Battle of (1863-1864), 225
Charles, Archduke, 180, 182,185,186, 187
Charles Albert, King of Sardinia, 211, 212
Charles Emmanuel IV, King, 185
Charles I, King of England, 102-103,118֊
128. See also English Civil Wars
(1642-1651)
Charles II, King of England, 128,129-130
Charles II, King of Scotland, 130,132
Charles Town, Siege of (1780), 157
Charles X, King of France, 201
Charter of Universal Peace, 59
Checka, 300
Chen Cheng, 336, 337
Chen Decai, 225
Chen Kunshu, 225
Chen Yi, 337, 345
Chen Yucheng, 225
Cheng Xuechi, 225
Chesapeake, Battle of (1781), 159
504 I Index
Chiang Kai-shek, 336, 339, 346-347
Chiang Kai-shek (Jiang Jieshi), 341-345
Chickamauga, Battle of (1863), 249
China. See also Chinese Civil War (1927-
1949); Taiping Rebellion (1851-1864)
Khmer Rouge and, 433^434
Korean War and, 346-347
People’s Liberation Army (PLA), creation
of, 344
People’s Republic of China (PRC),
founding of, 345
Sengoku Period, Japan (1467-1603) and,
81
Sino-Japanese War, Second (1937-1945),
342-343
Sino-Soviet Split (1960-1989), 347
Twenty-One Demands (1915), 337
World War I and, 337-338
China Incident (1937), 342
Chinese Civil War (1927-1949)
causes, 335-340
consequences, 345-348
course, 340-345
important conflicts, summary table,
336-337
map, major battles (1945-1949), 335
timeline, 349-353
Chinese Communist Party (CCP). See
Chinese Civil War (1927-1949)
Chinese Revolution (1912), 230
Chinese Workers and Peasants Red Army, 340
Chios, 10
Chóshu, 266-271
Chosokabe Motochika, 78
Christian, Duke of Brunswick, 92, 93
Christian I, 87
Christian IV, King of Denmark, 94
Christians. See Catholic Church; Protestants;
Thirty Years’ War (1618-1648)
Christoffer, Hans, 107
Chrzanowski, Wojciech, 212
Churchill, Winston, 371, 372
Cicero, 38
Civil Constitution of the Clergy (1791), 173
Civil Rights Movement, United States,
253-254
Civil wars, definition of, xiii
Cixi, Battle of (1862), 225
Cleon, 5, 7
Cleopatra VII, 29, 35, 39
Cleophon, 10
Clerfayt, Count von, 178
Clinton, Bill, 448
Clinton, Henry, 151,153, 154,156, 157
Cnidus, Battle of (394 BCE), 11-12
Coercive Acts (1774), 148, 150
Cold War. See also Communism; Hungarian
Revolution (1956)
end of, Cuba and, 407
Nigerian Civil War (1967-1970), 417,419
Colli, Michelangelo, 179
Collins, Michael, 323, 325,326
Communism. See also Cambodian Civil War
(1967-1975); Chinese Civil War (1927-
1949); Cuban Revolution (1953-1959);
Greek Civil War (1946-1949);
Hungarian Revolution (1956)
collapse of, Cuba and, 407
Iranian Revolution (1978-1979), 440
Nigerian Civil War (1967-1970), 417
People’s Republic of China, founding of,
345-348
Russian Civil War, consequences of
Bolshevik victory, 305-308
Sino-Soviet Split (1960-1989), 347
Spanish Civil War (1936-1939), 359
Sri Lankan Civil War (1983-2009), 455-
456, 458, 459
Compact of Jihlava, 59
Concert of Europe, 200, 201
Cond6, Prince de, 106,107
Congress of Berlin (1884), 467
Congress of Vienna (1815), 202
Congress System, 200
Conon, 11-12
Conscription, England’s first use, 65
Conservatism, rise of, 188-189
Constantine I (the Great), 43. See also
Byzantine Empire Civil War
(1341-1347)
Constantine II, King of Greece, 373, 378
Constantinople, 44,45^47, 48,50
Constituent Assembly, French Revolution,
171-173
Constitutional Convention (1787), 161
Continental Congress (1774), 150
Continental Congress (1775), 151-152
Continental Congress (1776), 153
Index I 505
Convention of Malmo (1848), 213-214
Convention of Mortefontaine (1800), 185
Convention Parliament, 133
Conyers, Sir William, 68-69
Coote, Charles, 131
Copenhagen, Battle of (1801), 191
Corcyra, 4
Cordoba, Gonzalo Andres Domingo
Fernández de, 92-93
Cordoba y Ramos, José de, 181-182
Corduba, 37
Corinth, 3,4, 11
Corinthian War (395-387), 11
Cornwallis, Charles, 157-159
Coronea, 3
Cortés, Hernán, 275
Cosgrave, William, 326-327
Council of Thirty, 11
Coup of 18 Brumaire (1799), 187, 189
Covenanters, 120, 129-130
Crassus, Marcus Licinius, 29, 31
Craterus, 16, 18
Crimean Peninsula. See also Byzantine
Empire
Crimean War (1853-1856), 291, 292
Critias, 11
Crittenden, George B., 239
Croatia, European Revolution (1848), 200
Cromwell, Oliver, 122-123, 124, 125, 127,
128-132
Crusaders, Hussite Wars (1419-1434), 56-59
Cuban Missile Crisis (1962), 405-406
Cuban Revolution (1953-1959)
causes, 399-402
consequences, 405^108
course, 402-404
timeline, 408^411
Cultural Revolution (1966-1976), 348
Curio, Gaius Scribonius, 29, 31, 32, 33
Curtis, Samuel R., 239
Curzon Line, 304
Custine, Adam Philippe, 175
Custoza, Battle of (1848), 211
Cyprus, invasion of (1974), 378
Cyrus, 10
Cyzicus, 10
Czech Republic. See also Hussite Wars
(1419-1434)
European Revolutions (1848), 205-210
Czechoslovakia, 299, 301-303. See also
Russian Civil War (1917-1922)
Dâil Éireann, 323, 325
Dannoura, Battle of (1185), 77
Dardanelles, 10
Darius II, 10
Davis, Jefferson, 234, 236, 241, 247
de Créqui, Charles, 101
de Croix, Charles, 178
de Grasse, François-Joseph-Paul,
comte, 159
de Lesseps, Ferdinand, 212
de Los Balbases, Marqués, 91
de Rivera, José Antonio, 358
de Rivera, Miguel Primo, 356
de Valera, Eamon, 323, 325, 326, 327-329
de Vere, John, 71
December Events (1944-1945), 372
Decembrist Revolt (1825), 201
Decimus, 29
Declaration of Breda (1660), 132-133
Declaration of Independence (1776), 153
Declaration of Pillnitz (1791), 174
Declaration of the Rights of Man and the
Citizens (1789), 173
Declaratory Act (1766), 148
Defenestration of Prague, 60, 89
Delian League, 1, 3
Dembririski, Henryk, 209
Demetrius, 16, 17, 20-21
Demetrius Poliorcetes, 19, 20, 21
Democracy, European Revolutions (1848)
and, 215-216
Democratic Army of Greece (DSE). See
Greek Civil War (1946-1949)
Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka.
See Sri Lankan Civil War (1983-2009)
Demosthenes, 5, 6-7, 9
Demotika, Battle of (1352), 50
Deng Xiaoping, 336, 348
Denikin, Anton, 303, 304
Denmark. See also European Revolutions
(1848); Thirty Years’ War (1618-1648)
European Revolutions (1848), 213
Thirty Years’ War, Danish Phase (1625-
1629), 94-95
Desaix, Louis Charles, 189-190
Dessau Bridge, Battle of (1626), 87
506 I Index
d’Estaing, Jean-Baptiste, 156, 157
Devereux, Robert, 121
Diaz, Porfirio, 276, 277-279
Diderot, Denis, 139
Didius, Gaius, 37
Directory, French Revolution, 179-188
Divine right of royalty, demise of, 144, 188,
215-216
Doi Kiyoyoshi, 78
Dollar Farm Massacre (1983), 456
Dominion of Canada (1867), 254
Domitius, Lucius, 29, 33
Don Cossacks, 300-301
Down, Earl Van, 239
Downs, Battle of (1639), 88, 103
Duan Qirui, 336
Dubh, Hugh, 130
Dublin, Battle of (1922), 325-326
Duel Monarchy of Austria-Hungary, 216
Dulles, John Foster, 392
Dumouriez, Charles François, 175, 176-177
Duncan, Adam, 183
Duraiappah, Alfred, 456
Dusan, 47, 48
Dutch. See Netherlands
Dutch Revolt (1568-1648), 107
Dyrrhachium, Battle of (48 BCE), 29
Early, Jubal, 248, 250-251
East India Company, 148
Easter Rising (1916), 319, 322-323
Eastern Roman Empire. See Byzantine
Empire
Economic factors
American Civil War (1861-1865), 233,
235, 237-239, 252-254
American Revolution (1775-1783), 147-
150, 152, 157, 161
Bakuhan system, Japan, 82-83
Boshin Civil War (1868-1869), 265, 271
Caesarian-Pompeian Civil War (49-45
BCE), 37
Cambodian Civil War (1967-1975), 425,
426,427, 431-432
Chinese Civil War (1927-1949), 339, 341,
342, 344
Cuba, Soviet Union and, 406,407
Cuba, Spanish rule of, 399^100
Cuba, United States and, 407—108
Cuban Revolution (1953-1959), 401
English Civil Wars (1642-1651), 118-121,
127, 132
European Revolutions (1848), 201,
202-203, 205
French Revolution (1789-1799), 169-171,
172, 173, 183
French Revolution (1848), 203-205
Greek Civil War (1946-1949), 377-378
under Henry VII, King of England, 73
Hungarian Revolution (1956), 386, 389,
392, 393
Iran and, 449
Iranian Revolution (1978-1979), 440, 441,
444-445
Irish War of Independence and Civil War
(1919-1923), 319-321, 327, 328
Mexican Revolution (1910-1920), 277,
279, 282, 284-285
Nigerian Civil War (1967-1970), 414-415,
418-419
Onin War (1467), 79
Peace of Westphalia (1648), 107-109
Peloponnesian Wars (460-404 BCE) and,
4, 7, 8, 9
People’s Republic of China and, 347-348
Porfiriato (1876-1911), 278-279
Pugachev’s Rebellion (1773-1775), 139-
140,142, 144
Quasi-War (1798-1800), 184-185
Russian Civil War, consequences of
Bolshevik victory, 305-308
Russian Revolution (1905), 290, 292, 294
Russian Revolution (1917), 295, 297-299
Rwandan Civil War (1990-1993), 470
Spanish Civil War (1936-1939), 355-356,
364
Sri Lankan Civil War (1983-2009), 459
Taiping Rebellion (1851-1864), 224, 227,
229-230
Thirty Years’ War (1618-1648), 94, 95
War of the Roses (1455-1485), 65, 68
Eden, Anthony, 372
Edgecote Moor, Battle of (1469), 69
Edgehill, Battle of (1642), 121
Edict of Restitution (1629), 95, 96,108
Edmund, Earl of Rutland, 67
Edward III, King of England. See also War of
the Roses (1455-1485)
Index j 507
Edward IV, King of England, 66, 67-70
Edward V, King of England, 70-71
Effiong, Philip, 418
Egesta, 8
Egypt. See also Byzantine Empire
British control of (1801), 191
Caesarian-Pompeian Civil War (49-45
BCE), 35-36
French Revolution and, 183-184, 185,
187, 189
Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS), 488
Mark Antony and Octavian, 39
Wars of the Diadochi (323-275 BCE),
22-24
Eire, 328-329
Eisenhower, Dwight D., 392, 426, 440
Eliot, John, 120
Elis, 3, 7
Emancipation Proclamation (1863),
244, 253
Enahoro, Anthony, 413
Enghein, Louis II de Bourbon, 104-105,
106
England. See also Britain; English Civil Wars
(1642-1651); War of the Roses
(1455-1485)
map, mid-17th Century, 119
English Civil Wars (1642-1651)
casualty estimates, summary table, 118
consequences, 132-133
Great Rebellion (1642-1646), causes of,
118-121
Great Rebellion (1642-1646), course of,
121-127
map, England, Scotland, and Ireland, mid-
nth Century, 119
Second Civil War (1648-1651), causes of,
127
Second Civil War (1648-1651), course of,
127-132
Third Civil War (1649-1651), 128
timeline, 133-138
Enomoto Takeaki, 269, 270
Epipoiae, 9
Eretria, 3
Estonia, Russian Civil War (1917-1922),
299, 301
Euboea, 3, 10
Eumenes, 16, 17, 18, 19
European Revolutions (1848)
in Austrian Empire, 205-210
battle summary chart, 200-201
causes, 200-203
consequences, 215-216
in France, 203-205
in Germany, 213-214
in Italy, 210-213
timeline, 216-223
Euryalus, 8, 9
Eurydice, 19
Evagoras, 20
Evangelical Union of the Protestant States, 89
Ever Victorious Army, 225, 229
Ewell, Richard, 248
Extraordinary Commission to Combat
Counter-Revolution, 300
Ezo Republic, 266
Fairfax, Ferdinando, 122
Fairfax, Thomas, 122, 124, 127
Falange Española (Spanish Phalanx),
357-358
Federalist Revolt (1794), 176
Felipe IV (Philip IV), King of Spain, 100
Feng Yuxiang, 336, 339-340
Fenian Brotherhood, 320
Ferdinand, Archduke Franz, 295
Ferdinand, King of Hungary, 100, 207
Ferdinand I (Ferdinand the Silly), 205, 206
Ferdinand II, King of Bohemia and Emperor,
60, 91-96, 99-100, 101, 102
Ferdinand III, 102, 103, 105, 106, 107
Ferdinand IV, 185, 186
Ferdinand VII, 200
Ferguson, Patrick, 158
15 February Revolution. See Libyan Civil War
(2011)
Fifty-Year Peace, 7
Fighting forces. See Land forces; Naval forces
Finland
Russian Civil War (1917-1922), 299, 301
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (1918), 298-299
First Defenestration of Prague (1419), 56-59
First Triumvirate, 29-31
Five Days of Milan (1848), 211
Fletcher, Frank, 281
Fleurus, Battle of (1622), 87
Fleurus, Battle of (1794), 178
508 I Index
Fonseka, Sarath, 460
Foote, Andrew H., 239
Formosa, 346-347
Fort Stanwix, Siege of (1777), 155
Forty-Eighters, 214
Four Courts, 325
Four Modernizations Program (1975), 348
Four-Comers War (1866), 267
Fox, Vincente, 284
France. See also European Revolutions
(1848); Russian Civil War (1917-1922);
Thirty Years’ War (1618-1648)
American Civil War (1861-1865), 238-
239, 243
American Revolution (1775-1783), 147,
154, 155, 157, 159,160, 161
Boshin Civil War (1868-1869), 267, 268,
269-270
Cambodia and, 426
Crimean War (1853-1856), 292
French Revolution (1848), 203-205
Libyan Civil War (2011), 485-486
Peace of Westphalia (1648), 107-109
Quasi-War (1798-1800), 184-185
Russian Civil War (1917-1922), 299, 301
Rwandan Civil War (1990-1993), 471-472
Second Mexican Empire (1864-1867),
276, 277
Spanish Civil War (1936-1939), 360
Thirty Years’ War, French-Swedish Phase
(1635-1648), 95, 100-107
Treaty of Amiens (1802), 455
Treaty of Paris (1782), 160
War of German Liberation (1813-1814),
213
War of the Roses (1455-1485), 69, 70, 72
Franco, Francisco, 358-361, 364-365
Frankfurt Assembly (1848-1849), 216
Franz Joseph I, 208, 209, 214
Frederick, Duke of York, 187
Frederick Henry, Prince of Nassau, 94
Frederick I, 58-59
Frederick V of Bohemia, 91
Frederick V of the Palatinate, 60
Frederick VII, King of Denmark, 213
Frederick William II, King of Prussia, 174
Frederick William IV, King of Prussia, 213,
214
Fredericksburg, First Battle of (1862), 244
Fredericksburg, Second Battle of
(1863), 246
Freeman’s Farm, Battle of (1777), 155
Freiburg, Battle of (1644), 105
Fremont, John C., 241
French and Indian War (1754-1763), 147
French Indochina, 426
French Revolution (1789-1799)
American Revolution and, 161
causes of, 169-171
consequences, 188-192
Directory Period, 179-188
major battles, summary table, 170
Period of Legislative Assembly, 173-174
Period of States General and National
(Constituent) Assembly, 171-173
Radical Period (1792-1794), 175-179
Russia and, 144, 185-188
timeline, 192-199
French Revolution (1848), 203-205
Frunze, Mikhail, 304
Fujian Pocket, Battle of (1864-1865), 225
Gaddafi, Muammar, 480,481. See also
Libyan Civil War (2011)
Gage, Thomas, 150-151, 153
Gaines Mill, Battle of (1862), 242
Gallas, Matthias, 100, 101,102, 105
Gandhi, Rajiv, 457,458-459
Gapon, Georgi, 293
Garibaldi, Giuseppe, 212
Gates, Horatio, 155,157-158
Gaul, 22, 29-31
Gela, 8
Geleen, Gottfried von, 102
Geneva Accords (1954), 426, 427
Genocide. See also Rwandan Civil War
(1990-1993)
Cambodia, 424,431, 432, 433
Nigerian Civil War (1967-1970), 418
George, Duke of Clarence, 69
George, Johann, 97
George, John, 91, 96, 102
George II, King of Greece, 371, 373
George ΠΙ, King of England, 148, 150, 152,
160. See also American Revolution
(1775-1783)
George of Poděbrady, 59
George V, King of England, 322
Index I 509
Georgia, Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (1918),
298-299
Germain, George, 154, 157
Germany. See also Austria; Thirty Years’ War
(1618-1648)
American Revolution (1775-1783), 147,
151, 153, 154, 155
Chinese Civil War (1927-1949), 342
European Revolutions (1848), 202,
205-210, 213-214
French Revolution, 190
Hungarian independence and, 383-384
Irish War of Independence and Civil War
(1919-1923), 322
Mexican Revolution (1910-1920), 281-282
Peace of Westphalia (1648), 107-109
Rome-Berlin Axis, 364-365
Russian Civil War (1917-1922), 299, 301
Russian Revolution (1917), 296
Rwanda and, 467
Spanish Civil War (1936-1939), 358-360,
362
Thirty Years’ War (1618-1648), map of, 90
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (1918), 301
War of German Liberation (1813-1814),
213
World War I, China and, 337-338, 341
World War I, Russia and, 295, 298
World War II, Greece and, 371, 372
World War II, Hungary and, 384-385
World War II, Ireland and, 328
World War II, Soviet Union and, 308
Gero, Emö, 386, 387-389
Gettysburg, Battle of (1863), 247-248
Girondins, 173-174,176
Gladstone, William, 321
Glorious First of June (1794), 178
Glorious Revolution (1688), 133
Glover, Thomas Blake, 268
Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus (Pompey the
Great), 29-31. See also Caesarian-
Pompeian Civil War (49-^15 BCE)
Go-Daigo, Emperor of Japan, 78
Goldie, George Taubman, 413
Goltz, Rüdiger von der, 301
Gómez, José Miguel, 401
Good Friday Agreement (1998), 329
Gorbachev, Mikhail, 393
Gordon, Charles George, 229
Goremykin, Ivan, 294
Görgey, Artúr, 208, 209, 210
Goring, Lord, 123, 124
Government of Ireland Act (1948), 329
Government of Ireland Bill (1893), 321
Go won, Yakubu, 415,419
Graham, James, 123, 129-130
Grammos, Battle of (1948), 376
Grand Remonstrance (1641), 121
Grant, Ulysses S., 239, 246-247,249,
250-252
Grau San Martín, Ramón, 401, 402
Graves, Thomas, 159
Gravier, Charles, 154
Great Britain. See Britain
Great Conde, 106, 107
Great Leap Forward (1958), 348
Great Purge, 307
Great Rebellion (1642-1646), 118-127. See
also English Civil Wars (1642-1651)
Great Roman Civil War. See Caesarian-
Pompeian Civil War (49^15 BCE)
Greco-Turkish War (1919-1922), 370-371
Greece. See also Byzantine Empire;
Peloponnesian Wars (460-404 BCE);
Russian Civil War (1917-1922)
Battle of Crannon, 16
European Revolutions (1848), causes, 201
Greco-Turkish War (1919-1922), 370-371
Greek Genocide (1914-1922), 371
map of (460-404 BCE), 2
National and Social Liberation (EKKA),
372
National Liberation Front (EAM), 371-373
National Popular Liberation Army (ELAS),
371-373
Wars of the Diadochi (323-275 BCE),
20-21
World War I and, 370
World War II and, 371
Greek Civil War (1946-1949)
causes, 370-373
consequences, 377-378
course, 373-377
summary table, 370
timeline, 378-381
Greek Communist Party (KKE). See Greek
Civil War (1946-1949)
Green Army, Russian Revolution, 299
510 I Index
Greene, Nathanael, 158-159
Grosz, Károly, 393
Guam Wing, 225
Guan Wen, 225
Guangxi Campaign, Second (1945), 336
Guantanamo Bay, 401
Guanzhong, Battle of (1861-1864), 225
Guébriant, Jean de, 102, 104
Guernica, Spain, 362-363
Guevara, Ernesto “Che,” 402, 406
Guilford, Battle of (1781), 158
Guiping, Battle of (1851), 226
Gulf of Corinth, 2
Gustavus Adolphus (Gustav II Adolph,
Adolphus the Great), 95-100
Guzman,Gaspar, 93
Gylippus, 8, 9
György I Rákóczi, 106
Habsburg dynasty
Archduke Ferdinand, 60
European Revolutions (1848), 205-210
Hungarian independence and, 383-384
Wars of the French Revolution (1792-
1802), 174
Habyarimana, Juvenal, 469,470,471,
472^73
Halleck, Henry W., 239, 242, 250
Hamas, 448
Hamilton, James, 127
Hancock, Winfield Scott, 248
Hatzfeld, Melchior von, 102
Hayao Tada, 336
Haynau, Julius Jacob von, 210
He Long, 340
He Men Heng, 225
Heian Era (794-1192), 77
Hellenic League, 21
Hellespont, 10
Helots, 1, 11-12
Hendrik, Frederik, 98, 101,102
Heng Samrin, 433
Henry IV, King of England, 63
Henry V, King of England, 63
Henry VI, King of England, 63-65, 68. See
also War of the Roses (1455-1485)
Henry VII, King of England, 72-73
Hentzi, Heinrich, 209
Herat Antiochus, 23
Herbert, William, 69
Herrero, Rodolfo, 283
Hessians, 147, 151, 154,155
Hetsugi Akitsura, 77
Hexham, Battle of (1464), 68
Hezbollah, 448,449
Hideaki Kobayakawa, 81-82
Hideyoshi Toy atomi, 80-81
Hindu. See also Sri Lankan Civil War
(1983-2009)
Hirtius, 38
Hisatake Chikanobu, 78
Hitler, Adolf, 308, 358-359,364-365, 371.
See also World War II
Hitosubashi Keiki. See Tokugawa Yoshinobu
Hizen, 266, 267, 270
Hkieu Samphan, 431
Ho Chi Minh, 426
Ho Chi Minh Trail, 430
Hoche, Louis Lazare, 177, 179,182
Höchst, Battle of (1622), 92
Hohelinden, Battle of (1800), 190
Hojo Ujimasa, 78
Hollare, Marinus, 97
Holy Roman Empire. See also Catholic
Church; Thirty Years’ War (1618-1648)
Christian, Duke of Holstein, 94
Peace of Westphalia (1648), 107-109
Treaty of Lunéville (1800), 190
Home Rule Bill (1914), 322
Home Rule Bill (1920), 324
Hondschoote, Battle of (1793), 177
Hong Rengan, 228
Hong Xiuquan, 224, 225, 227, 229
Hong Yang, 224
Hood, John Bell, 251
Hood, Samuel, 159
Hooker, Joseph, 244-247
Horn, Gustavus, 100
Hofrice (1423), Battle of, 58
Horthy, Nicholas, 384-385
Hosokawa Katsumoto, 79
Hotze, Friedrich von, 186, 187
Houchard, Jean Nicolas, 177
House of Lancaster. See War of the Roses
(1455-1485)
House of York. See War of the Roses
(1455-1485)
Howard, Oliver O., 253
Index I 511
Howe, Richard, 156, 178
Howe, William, 151,152, 153, 154, 156
Hsin-hai Revolution (1911), 335-337
Huai-Hai Campaign (1949), 337
Huaihai (Huai-Hai) Offensive (1948), 345
Hubei, Battle of (1864), 225
Huerta, Victoriano, 280-282
Humiliation of Olmiitz (1850), 214
Humphrey, Duke of Goucester, 64
Hun Sen, 434
Hunan Soviet, 340
Hundred Flowers Movement (1956), 348
Hundred Regiments Offensive (1940), 336,
343
Hundred Years War (1337-1453), 64, 65
Hungarian Independence Front, 385
Hungarian Revolution (1848), 206
Hungarian Revolution (1956)
causes, 383-387
consequences, 391-393
course, 387-391
map of, 383
timeline, 393-397
Hungary. See also European Revolutions
(1848); Hungarian Revolution (1956)
Duel Monarchy of Austria-Hungary, 216
European Revolutions (1848), 205-210
Habsburg Dynasty and, 91
Hungarian Republic, establishment of, 393
Hungarian Revolution (1848), 206
Russian Civil War (1917-1922), 299
Hunter, David, 250
Hurley, Patrick J., 343
Hus, Jan (John), 54
Hussein, Saddam, 447
Hussite Revolution. See Hussite Wars
(1419-1434)
Hussite Wars (1419-1434)
causes, 54-56
consequences, 59-60
course, 56-59
timeline, 60-62
Hutus. See Rwandan Civil War (1990-1993)
Idris, King of Libya, 480, 481
Iemochi, Shogun, 267
Ifeajuna, Emmanuel, 415
Ikki, 80
Ilerda, Battle of (49 BCE), 29, 33
Imjin War (1592-1598), 81
India
Babylonian War (311-309 BCE), 20
Sri Lankan Civil War (1983-2009)
and, 457
Indochina War (1946-1954), 347, 426
Industrialism, rise of, 189
Infante Ferdinand, Cardinal, 100, 101
Infantry. See Land forces
Inlon River, Battle of (1867), 225
Intolerable Acts (1774), 148,150
Ionian Sea, map of (460-404 BCE), 2
Iran
Babylonian War (311-309 BCE), 20
Iraq and, 447^148, 449
Israel and, 448, 449
Lebanon and, 448, 449
nuclear weapons and, 448
Organization of Intelligence and
National Security (SAVAK),
440-441, 443, 444
as state sponsor of terrorism, 448
White Revolution (1963), 441
Iranian Revolution (1978-1979)
causes, 435-437
consequences, 446-449
timeline, 449-453
Iraq
Babylonian War (311-309 BCE), 20
Iran and, 447^148, 449
Ireland. See also English Civil Wars (1642-
1651); Irish War of Independence and
Civil War (1919-1923)
map, mid-17th Century, 119
The Troubles (1968-1998), 329
in World War II, 328-329
Ireton, Henry, 125, 131
Irish Citizen Army, 322
Irish Free State, 324-325, 327
Irish National Volunteers, 322
Irish Nationalist Party, 320
Irish Parliamentary Party, 323
Irish Potato Famine (1845-1848), 202-203,
319-320
Irish Republican Army (IRA), 323-327,
328-329
Irish Republican Brotherhood, 322
Irish Uprising (1641), 129
Irish Volunteers, 322
512 I Index
Irish War of Independence and Civil War
(1919-1923)
casualty summary table, 319
causes, 319-323
consequences, 327-329
course, 323-327
timeline, 329-333
Ishida Mitsunari, 78, 81
Islam. See also Iranian Revolution
(1978-1979)
in Libya, 481
Sri Lankan Civil War (1983-2009), 458
Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS), 488
Israel, Iran and, 448,449
Italy. See also Byzantine Empire; Caesarian-
Pompeian Civil War (49^15 BCE);
European Revolutions (1848); Russian
Civil War (1917-1922)
Battle of Rivoli (1797), 170
European Revolutions (1848), 205-213,
216
French Revolution, 179, 180-181, 189
and Greece during World War II, 371
Peloponnesian Wars (460-404 BCE),
7-10
Rome-Berlin Axis, 364-365
Spanish Civil War (1936-1939), 358-359,
362
Treaty of Amiens (1802), 192
Treaty of Florence (1801), 191
War of the Second Coalition (1798-1802),
185-188
Iwakura Tomomi, 265, 267, 271
Jackson, Thomas J. (Stonewall), 237,
241-246
Jaffe, Adolph, 338-339
James I, King of England, 93, 118
James III, King of Scotland, 67, 70
Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna (JVP), 458
Jankau, Battle of (1645), 88, 105
Japan. See also Boshin Civil War (1868-
1869); Russian Civil War (1917-1922);
Sengoku Period, Japan (1467-1603)
Chinese Civil War (1927-1949) and, 336,
340-342
Hundred Regiments Offensive (1940), 343
Meiji Restoration (1867), 83
Russian Civil War (1917-1922), 299
Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905),
292-293
Sino-Japanese War, Second (1937-1945),
342-343
Treaty of Kanagawa (1854), 265
Twenty-One Demands (1915), 337
Japanese Disturbance of Imjin (1592), 81
Japanese Revolution. See Boshin Civil War
(1868-1869)
Jayewardene, J. R., 457
Jelacic, Baron, 207
Jemappes, Battle of (1792), 175
Jervis, John, 181-182
Jiang Jieshi, 339, 341-347. See also Chiang
Kai-shek
Jiangsu Li, 225
Jiangxi Soviet Republic, 341
Jindrich of Hrade, 56
Jintian Uprising (1851), 225, 226
John Apocaucus, 48
John the One-Eyed, 56-57
John V Palaeologus, 45,46-50
John VI, Cantacuzenus (Kantakouzenos),
45-50
Johnson, Andrew, 252
Johnston, Albert S., 239-240
Johnston, Joseph E., 236,237, 241, 252
Jones, Michael, 128
Joubert, 182, 185, 186
Jourdan, Jean-Baptiste, 177, 179, 180,
185-186
Juarez, Benito, 277
Juba of Numidia, King, 29, 30, 33, 36
Judea, Maccabean Revolt (167-160 BCE), 23
July Days (1917), 296
July Revolution, France (1830), 201-202
June Days Uprising, Paris, France (1848),
200, 205
Justinian II, 43
Kabila, Joseph, 475
Kabila, Laurent-Desire, 474-475
Kádár, János, 389, 390, 391-393
Kagame, Paul, 469,470-471
Kampuchea, 433
Kamyarengwe, Alexis, 471
Kápolna, Battle of (1848), 200
Kápolna, Battle of (1849), 209
Kar, Vasily Alexeyevich, 142
Index I 513
Karamanlis, Konstantinos, 377, 378
Kato Yoshiaki, 78
Katsu Kaishu, 269, 271
Kayibnanda, Grégoire, 469
Kazan, Battle of (1774), 140, 142
Kellermann, François C., 175
Kennedy, John E, 405-406
Kent Massacre (1983), 456
Kerensky, Alexander E, 295-297
Khan, Reza, 440
Khmer Rouge, 431-434. See Cambodian Civil
War (1967-1975)
Khomeini, Ayatollah Ruhollah, 441^148
Khrushchev, Nikita, 386, 390, 405-406
Kido Takayoshi, 271
Kikkawa Motoharu, 78
Kikkawa Tsuneie, 78
King’s Mountain, Battle of (1780), 158
Kissinger, Henry, 347, 428-429
Kiyoshi Hasegawa, 336
Kizugawaguchi, First Battle of (1576), 78
Kizugawaguchi, Second Battle of (1578), 78
Knights’ Revolt (1522), 88
Kobayakawa Takakage, 77, 78
Kolchak, Aleksandr, 303
Köméi, Emperor of Japan, 265-266, 267
Kondor Legion, 359
Kono Michinao, 77
Korea
China and, 346-347
Sengoku Period, Japan (1467-1603)
and, 81
Korechika Anami, 336
Koriyama, Siege of (1540-1541), 77
Kornilov, Lavr, 296, 303
Korsakov, Alexander, 186, 187
Korybut, Prince Sigismund, 58
Kosciuszko, Tadeusz, 144
Kossuth, Lajos (Louis), 206, 207-210
Kovács, Béla, 385
Kozuki Castle, Siege of (1578), 78
Krasnov, Pyotr, 301
Кию Yoshitaka, 78
Kumaratunga, Chandrika, 459
Kumudini Boat Massacre (1985), 456
Kuningtou, Battle of (1949), 337
Kuper, Augustus, 266-267
Küstendil (Velbûzhd), Battle of, 44
Kutna Нога, 60
Labienus, Titus, 29, 30, 36, 37
Ladislaus Jagiellon, 60
Ladislaus the Posthumous, 59
Lafayette, Motier, Marie Joseph du, marquis,
159,174, 175
Lai Wenguang, 225
Lamachus, 8-9, 10
Lamian War (322 BCE), 18
Land Act (1870), 321
Land forces. See also Timelines
American Civil War (1861), 237
American Civil War (1862), 239-244
American Civil War (1863), 244-249
American Civil War (1864), 250-251
American Revolution (1775-1783),
150-160
Boshin Civil War (1868-1869), 266, 269
Byzantine Empire Civil War (1341-1347),
43
Caesarian-Pompeian Civil War (49—45
BCE), 32, 33, 34-35, 36, 37
Chinese Civil War (1927-1949), 339,
340-345
Cuban Revolution (1953-1959), 399
English Civil Wars (1642-1651),
121-132
European Revolutions (1848), 200-201
Fourth War of the Diadochi (308-301
BCE), 21
Greek Civil War (1946-1949), 370, 374,
376
Hungarian Revolution (1956), 384
Hussite Wars (1419-1434), 54, 56-57
Irish War of Independence and Civil War
(1919-1923), 322
Libyan Civil War (2011), 480
Mexican Revolution (1910-1920), 282-283
Nigerian Civil War (1967-1970), 414,
415-418
in Peloponnesian Wars (460-404 BCE), 1,
4-5, 8, 9-10, 12
Pugachev’s Rebellion (1773-1775), 142
Russian Civil War (1917-1922), 290,
299-305
Sengoku Period, Japan (1467-1603),
80,81
Spanish Civil War (1936-1939), 358-364
Sri Lankan Civil War (1983-2009), 454
Taiping Rebellion (1851-1864), 226-229
514 j Index
Thirty Years’ War (1618-1625), Bohemian
Phase, 91-94
Thirty Years’ War (1630-1635), Swedish
Phase, 95-100
Thirty Years’ War (1635-1648), French-
Swedish Phase, 101
War of the Roses (1455-1485), 63, 65,
66-71
Wars of the Diadochi (323-275 BCE), 16,18
Langport, Battle of (1645), 125
Lannes, Jean, 189
Laomedon, 17
Las Mercedes, Battle of (1958), 404
Latin America, European Revolutions (1848),
201
Latin American Wars of Independence
(1808-1833), 169
Latour, Theodor Baillet von, 207
Latvia, Russian Civil War (1917-1922), 299,
301
Laud, William, 120
Lazaros, 48
League of Armed Neutrality (1780), 190
League of Heilbronn, 100
League of Nations, 308, 327, 328, 341
Lebanon, Iran and, 448,449
Lech River, Battle of (1632), 88, 98
Lecourbe, Claude, 186
Lee, Charles, 156
Lee, Robert E., 235, 241-252
Leganez, Marquis, 103
Legislative Assembly, French Revolution and,
173-174
Leiberich, Karl Mack von, 185
Leipzig, Battle of (1631), 97-98
Leipzig, Battle of (1642), 104
Lenin, Vladimir L, 296, 306-307, 308
Lens, Battle of (1648), 88
Leonnatus, 17, 18
Leontini, 7
Leopold II, 174
Leopold William, Archduke, 103, 106, 107
Lepidus, Marcus Aemilius, 32, 38
Lerdo Law (1856), 277, 278
Lerroux, Alejandro, 357
Lesbos, 10
Leslie, Alexander, 122
Leslie, David, 122-123,130, 131
Leuctra, Battle of (371 BCE), 12
Li Fuzhong, 229
Li Hongzhang, 225, 228
Li Huatang, 336
Li Hung-chang, 228
Li Lisan, 340, 341
Li Shixian, 225
Li Xiucheng, 225
Li Zongren (Tsungjen), 336, 340, 345
Liaoxi Corridor Offensive (1947), 344
Liberalism, European Revolutions (1848) and,
202-203, 215-216
Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LITE). See
Sri Lankan Civil War (1983-2009)
Libyan Civil War (2011)
causes, 480-^82
consequences, 487^488
course, 482-487
timeline, 488-493
Libyan Insurgency. See Libyan Civil War
(2011)
Libyan Revolution. See Libyan Civil War
(2011)
Lin Biao, 336, 337, 343-344
Lincoln, Abraham, 234, 235-236, 237,
240-244, 251, 252
Lincoln, Benjamin, 157
Lipany, Battle of (1434), 59
Lithuania, Russian Civil War (1917-1922),
299, 301
Liu Bocheng, 336, 337
Liu Chih, 337
Liu Handong, 336
Liu Mingchuan, 225
Liu Xiangtu, 336
Lon Nol, 427,428,429,430,431
Long March (1934-1935), 342
Longstreet, James, 242-243,248
Longtan (Lung-tan), Battle of (1927), 340
Louis II, King of Hungary and Bohemia, 60
Louis Philippe, King of France, 203-205
Louis XI, King of France, 69,70
Louis ΧΙΠ, King of France, 101, 104
Louis XIV, King of France, 169, 170-171
Louis XV, King of France, 169
Louis XVI, King of France, 154, 172-173,
174, 175
LTTE (Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam). See
Sri Lankan Civil War (1983-2009)
Lu Jianying, 225, 227
Index I 515
Lu Xubin, 225
Ludford Bridge, Battle of (1459), 66
Lutherans. See Thirty Years’ War
(1618-1648)
Lutter, Battle of (1626), 88, 94
Lutzen, Battle of (1632), 88
Lysander, 10, 11
Lysimachus, 16, 17,19-20, 21, 22
Ma Jiyuan, 337
MacArthur, Douglas, 347
Maccabean Revolt (167-160 BCE), 23
MacDonald, Etienne Jacques Joseph
Alexandre, 186, 190
Macedonia
Amphipolis, 3
Battle of Crannon, 16
Byzantine Empire Civil War (1341-1347),
47
Wars of the Diadochi (323-275 BCE),
22-24
Machado у Morales, Gerardo, 401
Madero, Francisco, 276, 278-280
Magaw, Robert, 153
Magdeburg, Siege of (1630-1631), 95-96
Magnus, 29
Magon, Richardo Flores, 278, 279
Magyars, 205, 207, 216
Maille-Breze, Armand de, 103, 105,106
Master, Pal, 390, 391
Mallory, Stephen R., 238
Maltepe, Battle of (1329), 44
Malvern Hill, Battle of (1862), 242
Manassas, First Battle of (1861), 237
Manassas, Second Battle of (1862), 242-243
Manin, Daniele, 211, 213
Mannerheim, Karl, 301
Mansfeld, Count, 92-93
Mantinea, 7
Mantinea, Battle of (418 BCE), 7
Mantua, Siege of (1796), 180
Mao Zedong (Tse-tung), 340, 341, 343, 344,
345, 348
Maps
American Civil War (1861-1865), 238, 245
American Revolution (1775-1783), 149
Battle of Naseby (1645), 125
Battle of Valmy (1792), 176
Byzantine Empire (1355), 49
Chinese Civil War (1927-1949), major
battles, 335
England, Scotland, and Ireland, mid-17th
Century, 119
Germany during the Thirty Years’ War
(1618-1648), 90
Greece, Peloponnesian Wars (460-404
BCE), 2
Hungarian Revolution (1956), 383
Mexican Revolution (1910-1920), 281
Roman Republic (44 BCE), 30
Russian Civil War (1917-1922), 302
Taiping Rebellion (1853), capture of
Nanjing, 227
Marathon, Battle of (490 BCE), 5
March Revolution, Russia (1917), 295-296
Margaret of Anjou, Queen, 64-68, 70
Marie Antoinette, 173
Marshall, George C., 344
Marshall Plan, 377-378
Marston Moor, Battle of (1644), 122-123
Marti, José, 400
Martin V, Pope, 56
Marxism, rise of, 188-189. See also
Communism
Mary of Gueldres, 67
Masséna, André, 179, 186, 187, 189, 190
Massilia, Siege and Battle of (49 BCE), 29
Matsui Iwane, 336
Matthias (Mátyás) Corvinus (Matthias the
Just), 60
Matthias II, 60
Maupeou, René Nicolas Charles Augustin de,
170
Maurice, Prince of Nassau, 92, 93-94
Maximillian, Duke of Bavaria, 91, 93, 96, 98,
106
Mayo, Henry, 280-281
Mazarin, Cardinal Jules, 107
Mazzini, Giuseppe, 211, 212
Mbonyumutwa, Dominique, 469
McClellan, George B., 236, 237-244
McDowell, Irwin, 236, 238, 240, 241
McKinley, William, 401
Meade, G. Gordon, 244, 247-249
Mechanics ville, Battle of (1862), 242
Mediterranean Sea
Byzantine Empire (1355), 49
map of (460-404 BCE), 2
516 I Index
Megara, 2, 3
Meiji, Emperor of Japan, 267, 270-272
Meiji Restoration (1867), 83,270
Melander, Peter, 107
Mêlas, Michael, 187,189-190
Meleager, 17
Mello, Francesco de, 104
Melos, 3,7
Menander, 17
Menou, Jacques, 191
Mercy, Franz von, 105, 106
Meridian Ridge Campaign (1947), 337
Metallus, Quintus Caecilius, 30
Metternich, Klemens Wenzel von, 200, 201,
205,213
Mexican Revolution (1910-1920)
causes, 275-279
consequences, 283-285
course, 279-283
map of major battles, 281
timeline, 285-288
Mexico
land rights, reforms in, 285
Lerdo Law (1856), 277
Porfiriato (1876-1911), 277-279
Mexico-American War (1846-1848), 276
Miaja, José, 362
Michael IX, 44
Michelson, Ivan Ivanovich, 142
Mikayo Bay, Battle of (1869), 266
Miklós, Béla, 385
Mikoyan, Anastas I., 389
Miletus, 3
Mill Springs, Battle of (1862), 239
Mimaomote, Battle of (1579), 78
Minamotono-Yoritomi, 77
Mindarus, 10
Mindszenty, József, 385
Ming Dynasty, 81
Mingolsheim, Battle of (1622), 92
Misrata, Battle of (2011), 480,484-487
Missouri Compromise (1820), 234
Mithridates I of Parthia, 23
Mithridates of Pergamum, 29, 35, 36
Miyagawa Fusanaga, 77
Miyajima, Battle of (1555), 77
Miyako Bay, Battle of (1869), 270
Móga, János, 207,208
Mohács, Battle of (1526), 60
Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Shah of Iran, 440,
442^46
Mohammed, Ramat, 419
Moji, Siege of (1561), 77
Momchil, 47
Monarchies, European Revolutions (1848)
and, 215-216
Monck, George, 132-133
Mongolia, Russian Civil War (1917-1922),
299
Monmouth, Battle of (1778), 156
Monroe, James, 201
Monroe Doctrine (1821), 201
Montagnards, 176
Montagu, Edward, 124
Montgomery, Richard, 152-153
Moreau, Jean Victor, 178,180, 182, 190
Morejon, Rios, 403
Morgan, Daniel, 158
Mori Motonari, 77
Mori Terumoto, 78
Moscardô, José, 361-362
Mossadeqh, Mohammad, 440
Motier, Marie Joseph du, 159,174, 175
Movement of the Taiping Heavenly
Kingdom. See Taiping Rebellion
(1851-1864)
Muhammed, Murtala, 416
Mukden Incident (1931), 341
Mulcahy, Richard, 323
Mund, Pros, 105
Munda, Battle of (45 BCE), 30, 37
Munro, Robert, 127
Murakami Takeyoshi, 78
Muromachi period (1336-1573), 77
Museveni, Yoweri, 469-470
Mussolini, Benito, 359, 364-365, 371
Mutina, Battle of (43 BCE), 38
Mwami Mwambutsa IV, King of
Burundi, 469
Mytilene, 5
Nader Shah, 439-440
Nagy, Ferenc, 385
Nagy, Imre, 386, 387-391, 393
Nakatomigawa, Battle of (1582), 78
Nanchang Uprising (1927), 340
Nanjing, Sack of (1853), 225, 226-228
Nanjing, Third Battle of (1864), 225
Index I 517
Nantwich, Battle of (1644), 122
Napoleon IE, Emperor of France, 215
Naseby, Battle of (1645), 124-126
Nasica, Pius Scipio, 30
National and Social Liberation
(EKKA), 372
National Assembly, French Revolution,
171-173
National Liberation Front (EAM), 371-373
National Popular Liberation Army (ELAS),
371-373
Nationalism, rise of, 188
Arab countries, 481
European Revolutions (1848), 202-203,
215-216
Ireland, 328-329
Libya, 481
Russian Revolution (1905), 291-292
Native Americans, American Revolution
(1775-1783), 154, 161
Naupactus, 3
Naval forces. See also Timelines
American Civil War (1861-1865), 236,
237-241, 246, 251, 252
American Revolution (1775-1783), 151—
157, 159
Battle of Actium, 39
Boshin Civil War (1868-1869), 266-271
Byzantine Empire Civil War (1341-1347),
47
Caesarian-Pompeian Civil War (49-45
BCE), 32, 33, 35, 36, 37
English Civil Wars (1642-1651), 121, 129
French Revolution (1789-1799), 177, 178,
181-184, 187
under Henry VII, King of England, 73
Ireland, 328
League of Armed Neutrality (1780),
190-191
Libya and, 481
Mexican Revolution (1910-1920), 280-282
in Peloponnesian Wars (460-404 BCE), 1,
3-11
Quasi-War (1798-1800), 184-185
Spanish Civil War (1936-1939), 358
Thirty Years’ War (1618-1648), 97,
102-103, 105, 106
War of the Roses (1455-1485), 66
Wars of the Diadochi (323-275 BCE), 21
Naxos, 3
Negrin, Juan, 360
Nelson, Horatio, 182, 183-184, 190-191
Německy Brod (Deutschbrod), Battle of, 58
Neoptolemus, 17
Netherlands. See also Thirty Years’ War
(1618-1648)
Battle of Copenhagen (1801), 191
Boshin Civil War (1868-1869) and, 267,
268
European Revolutions (1848), causes,
201-202
French Revolution and, 176, 178, 183, 187
League of Armed Neutrality (1780),
190-191
Peace of Westphalia (1648), 108
Sri Lanka (Ceylon) and, 454-455
Wars of the French Revolution (1792-
1802), 174
Neville, Anne, 69
Neville, John, 68
Neville, Richard, 65
New Market, Battle of (1864), 250
New Model Army, 124, 125, 127
Newbury, First Battle of (1643), 121-122
Newbury, Second Battle of (1644), 123-124
Newport, Battle of (1778), 156
Ngo Dinh Diem, 426
Nguyen Van Thieu, 431
Nian Rebellion (1851), 226
Nicanor, 20
Nicholas I, Czar of Russia, 202, 209-210, 214
Nicholas II, Czar of Russia, 291-295
Nicias, 8-9
Nicolau, Weyler y, 400
Nicopolis, Battle of (48 BCE), 36
Nigerian Civil War (1967-1970)
causes, 413-415
consequences, 418-419
course, 415-418
timeline, 419-423
Niho Takayasu, 77
Nile, Battle of (47 BCE), 35
Nile, Battle of (1798), 184, 185
Ninnajinomiya Yoshiaki, 269
Nisaea, 7
Nixon, Richard, 347, 428-431
Nomi Munekatsu, 78
Nordlingen, Battle of (1634), 88, 100
518 I Index
Nordlingen, Battle of (1635), 88
Nordlingen, Battle of (1645), 106
Northern Expedition (1926-1928), 336, 339
Notium, Battle of (406 BCE), 10
Novara, Battle of (1848), 212
Ntaryamira, Cyprien, 472-473
Nuclear weapons, 347,448
Nzeogwu, Chukwuma Kaduna, 415
Obama, Barack, 407^408
Obasanjo, Olusegun, 419
Obote, Milton, 469^170
Obregon, Alvaro, 282, 283
O’Connell, Daniel, 320
O’Connell, J. J., 325-326
O’Connor, Rory, 325
Octavianus (Octavian), Gaius Julius Caesar,
38-39
Octavius, Gaius, 30
October Days (1789), 173
October Manifesto (1905), 293-294
October Revolution (1917), 297-299
Oda Nobunaga, 78, 80
Oenophyta, Battle of (457 BCE), 2
Ojukwu, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu, 415,
418
Okrhan I, 44
Okubo Toshimichi, 271
Olympias, 19
Omosu, Battle of (1580), 78
O’Neill, Owen Roe, 127, 130-131
Onin War (1467), 77, 79
Operation CACTUS (1988), 458
Operation FREEDOM DEAL (1970-1973),
429
Operation HIROSHIMA (1968), 417-418
Operation ICHIGO (1944), 336
Operation KORONIS (1948), 376
Operation MENU (1969), 428
Operation MONGOOSE, 405
Operation ODYSSEY DAWN (2011), 486
Operation PERISTERA (1948-1949), 376
Operation POOMALAI (1987), 457
Operation TAIL-WIND (1970), 418
Operation TIGER CLAW (1967), 417
Operation TORCH (1949), 376
Operation UNIFIED PROTECTOR (2011),
486
Operation VADAMARACHCHI (1987), 457
Operation VERANO (1958), 404
Opium War, First (1839-1842), 224
Opium War, Second (1856-1860), 230
Optimates, 31
Oquendo, Don Antonio, 102-103
Orenburg, Siege of (1774), 142
Organization of Intelligence and National
Security (SAVAK), 440-441,443,444
Orleans, Gaston de, 106
Orlov, Alexis, 139
Orlov, Grigori, 139
Orozco, Pascual, 279
Oshikibata, Battle of (1554), 77
Ötori Keisuke, 271
Ott, Karl, 189
Ottoman Empire
Crimean War (1853-1856), 292
French Revolution and, 189
Greco-Turkish War (1919-1922), 370-371
Hungarian independence and, 383-384
map (1355), 49
Russian Civil War (1917-1922), 299
War of the Second Coalition (1798-1802),
185-188
Ottoman Turks, 43,44,45-50
Ouchi Yoshitaka, 77
Oudinot, Nicholas, 212
Oveissi, Gholam-Ali, 444
Oxenstierna, Axel, 99, 100-101
Oxyartes, 18
Pacification ofDunse, 120
Pakistan, Babylonian War (311-309 BCE),
20
Pakozd, Battle of (1848), 200
Palestinians, Iran and, 448, 449. See also
Byzantine Empire
Pan Am Right 103,482
Panin, Peter L, 142
Pansa, 38
Papagos, Alexander, 375, 376, 377
Papandreou, Georgios, 372, 378
Pappenheim, Gottfried H. zu, 95, 97, 99
Paris Peace Accords (1973), 431, 432
Paris Peace Conference (1919), 338
Parker, Hyde, 190-191
Parliament Act (1911), 321
Parnell, Charles Stewart, 320
Parthian Empire, map, 44 BCE, 30
Index I 519
Pasha, Mustafa, 187
Pashkievich, Ivan, 209-210
Paul, King of Greece, 378
Paul I, Czar, 187, 190
Pea Ridge, Battle of (1862), 239
Peace of Antalcidas (387 BCE), 11-12
Peace of Augsburg (1555), 88, 95, 108
Peace of Dynasta (311 BCE), 19
Peace of Nicias (421 BCE), 7
Peace of Westphalia (1648), 107-109
Pearse, Patrick, 322, 323
Peasants’ Revolt (1524), 88
Peithon, 17, 18, 19
Peloponnese, 5, 7
Peloponnesian League, 2-3
Peloponnesian Wars (460-404 BCE)
causes, 1-4
consequences of, 11-12
First War (460-446 BCE), 2-3
Second War (431-404 BCE), 3-11
timeline, 12-15
Pelusium, 18
Pemberton, John C., 246-247
Peng Dehuai, 336
Pennington, John, 102-103
People’s Liberation Army (PLA), 340, 344
People’s Republic of China (PRC), 345-348.
See also China
Perdiccas, 16, 17, 18, 19
Pericles, 4-5, 8
Peritheorion, Battle of (1345), 43
Perry, Matthew, 265, 272
Perryville, Battle of (1862), 249
Pershing, John J., 283
Persia. See also Iranian Revolution
(1978-1979)
Russian Civil War (1917-1922), 299
Persian Empire
Corinthian War (395-387), 11-12
map of (460-404 BCE), 2
Peloponnesian Wars, causes of, 1
Peter III, Czar of Russia, 139, 141
Petition of Right (1628), 119
Petlyura, Hetman Simon, 304
Petrius, Marcus, 29, 33
Peucestas, 18
Phaeax, 8
Pharnaces of Bosporus Cimmerius, King,
35-36
Pharsalus, Battle of (48 BCE), 29,
34-35
Philhellenism, 370
Philip II of Macedonia, 12
Philip III, King of Spain, 91
Philip III of Macedón, 17, 19
Philip IV, King of Spain, 100
Philip V of Macedón, 23-24
Philippi, Battle of (42 BCE), 38-39
Philotas, 17
Phrataphernes, 18
Piccolomini, Ottavio, 103-104, 107
Pichegru, Charles, 178-179,182
Picket, George, 248
Pigot, Robert, 156
Pilsudski, Josef, 304-305
Pimiente Don Francisco, 106
Piraeus, 2,4, 11
Pius II, Pope, 59
Plague
Byzantine Empire Civil War (1341-1347),
50
in England, 72
in Peloponnesian Wars (460^104 BCE), 5
Plan de San Luis Potosí (1910), 279
Plantation of Ulster, 320
Plastiras, Nikolaos, 372
Plataea, 5-6, 7
Plataea, Battle of (479 BCE), 5
Platt Amendment (1901), 401
Plehve, Vyacheslav von, 292
Plutarch, 21
Pol Pot (Saloth Sdar), 427, 431, 433-434
Poland
European Revolutions (1848), 202,
205-210
French Revolution and, 144
Hussite Wars (1421-1427), 58
Russia and, 144
Russian Civil War (1917-1922), 299,
304-305
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (1918), 298-299
Wars of the French Revolution (1792-
1802), 174
Pole, William de la, 64
Polish-Lithuanian-Teutonic War (1409-1411),
58
Polk, James K., 276
Polk, Leonidas, 239
520 I Index
Polyperchon, 19
Pompeius Magnus (Pompey the Great),
29-31. See also Caesarian-Pompeian
Civil War (49-45 BCE)
Pompey the Younger, 36, 37
Pope, John, 239, 242
Pope Pius IX, 211-212
Populares, 31
Porfiriato (1876-1911), 277-279
Porter, David Dixon, 246
Porter, Fitz John, 242, 243
Portugal
European Revolutions (1848), 201
Sri Lanka (Ceylon) and, 454-455
War of the Second Coalition (1798-1802),
185-188
Porus, 18
Potemkin, Grigory, 139
Potidaea, 4
Prabhakaran, Velupillai, 456,460
Prague, Defenestration of, 56, 60
Preliminary Peace of Leoben (1797), 182
Premadsa, Ranasinghe, 458
Prevost, Augustine, 157
Pride, Thomas, 128
Pride’s Purge, 128
Prokop the Great, 58, 59
Protestant Reformation, 88. See also Hussite
Wars (1419-1434); Thirty Years’ War
(1618-1648)
Protestants
English Civil Wars (1642-1651), 128-129,
132
Ireland, The Troubles (1968-1998), 329
Irish War of Independence and Civil War
(1919-1923),319, 320
Peace of Westphalia (1648), 108
Quebec Act (1774), 150
Test Act (1672), 319, 320
Prussia. See also European Revolutions
(1848)
Wars of the French Revolution (1792-
1802), 174
Psarros, Dimitrios, 372
Ptolemy Ceraunus, 22
Ptolemy I Soter, 16, 17, 18, 19-20, 21
Ptolemy II, 23
Ptolemy Philadelphus, 22
Ptolemy VI, 23
Ptolemy VIII Euergetes, 23
Ptolemy XII, 35
Ptolemy XIII, 29, 35
Puchner, Anton, 208
Pugachev, Yemilian (Emilian) Ivanovich,
141-144
Pugachev’s Rebellion (1773-1775), 139-146
Punctuation of Olmiitz (1850), 214, 216
Pylos, Battle of (425 BCE), 6-7
Pyrrhus, 21-22
Qin Rigang, 225
Qing. SeeTaiping Rebellion (1851-1864)
Qing Dynasty, 335
Quartering Act, 148, 150
Quasi-War (1798-1800), 184-185
Quebec Act (1774), 150
Race to the Dan (1781), 158
Radetsky von Radetz, Johan Josef Wenzel,
211,212
Rain, Battle of (1632), 98
Rajapaksa, Mahinda, 459, 460
Rajk, László, 385
Rákosi, Mátyás, 385
Rail, Johann, 154
Rantzau, Josias von, 105
Raphia, Battle of (217 BCE), 23
Rathmines, Battle of (1649), 128
Reagan, Ronald, 447,481^482
Rebellion of Tuxtepec (1876), 277
Reconstruction, United States (1865-1877),
253
Red Army, Chinese Workers and Peasants,
340
Red Army, Russian Civil War, 299-305
Red River Campaign (1864), 251
Red Sheep Rebellion, 224
Red Terror (1922), 306
Reform Bill (1832), 202
Reign of Terror (1793-1794), 170, 177,178
Religion. See also Iranian Revolution
(1978-1979); Sri Lankan Civil War
(1983-2009); Thirty Years’ War
(1618-1648)
Boshin Civil War (1868-1869),
consequences of, 272
divine right of royalty, demise of, 144, 188,
215-216
Index I 521
English Civil Wars (1642-1651) and, 118,
120, 121, 122, 127, 128-129, 132
Ireland, The Troubles (1968-1998), 329
Irish War of Independence and Civil War
(1919-1923), 319, 320
Mexican Revolution (1910-1920) and,
276-277, 284-285
in Nigeria, 419
Peace of Westphalia (1648), 108
Pugachev’s Rebellion (1773-1775), 141,
142
Quebec Act (1774), 150
Russian Revolution (1905), 291, 293
Russian Revolution (1917), 298
Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) and, 355,
364
Taiping Rebellion (1851-1864), 224, 228
Test Act (1672), 319, 320
Tokugawa Shogunate and, 83
Republic of China Army (ROC Army),
340-345
Revolution, definition of, xiii
Revolution of Ayutla (1854-1855), 276-277
Reza Pahlavi I, Shah of Iran, 440
Rhodes, 21
Richard, Duke of Gloucester, 69, 70-71
Richard, Duke of York, 64-65. See also War
of the Roses (1455-1485)
Richard, Earl of Warwick, 65-70
Richard III, King of England, 71
Richardson, Charles, 266-267
Richelieu, Cardinal, 95, 100-101, 104, 107
Richthofen, Wolfram von, 362
Rivoli, Battle of (1797), 170
Robespierre, Maximilian, 175-176
Robin of Redesdale, 68-69
Rochambeau, Jean-Baptiste Donatien de
Vimeur, compte de, 157, 159, 174
Rocroi, Battle of (1643), 88, 104
Roman Empire. See also Caesarian-Pompeian
Civil War (49-45 BCE); Thirty Years’
War (1618-1648)
Constantine I and, 43
establishment of, 38-39
Roman Republic, map of 44 BCE, 30
Rome-Berlin Axis, 364—365
Roosevelt, Franklin, 360
Rosecrans, William, 249
Rossi, Pellegrino, 211
Rout of Jiangnan Army Group, First (1856),
225
Rout of Jiangnan Army Group, Second
(1860), 225
Royal Irish Constabulary (RIC), 323-324
Royal Niger Company, 413
Rudolph II, Holy Roman Emperor, 60
Rule of the Major Generals, 132
Rump Parliament, 128, 132
Rumyantsev, Pyotr, 139
Rupert of the Rhine, 121, 122, 124, 125
Ruspina, Battle of (46 BCE), 29
Russia. See also Russian Civil War (1917-
1922); Soviet Union
Crimean War (1853-1856), 291, 292
European Revolutions (1848), causes, 201
Pugachev’s Rebellion (1773-1775),
139-146
Russian Revolution (1905), 290-294,
308- 309
Russian Revolution (1917), 294-299,
309- 311
Russo-Japanese War (1904—1905),
292-293
Treaty of Aigun (1858), 230
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics,
305-308
War of the Second Coalition (1798-1802),
185-188
World War I and, 295
Russian Civil War (1917-1922)
allied forces, summary table, 290
causes, 290-299
consequences of, 305-308
course of, 299-305
map, Allied interventions, 302
timeline, 308-317
Russian Orthodox Church, 291, 293, 298
Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905), 292-293
Rwandan Civil War (1990-1993)
causes, 461-465
consequences, 472^4-75
course, 470-472
summary table, 468
Rwandan Revolution (1959), 467^468
Rwigyema, Fred, 469, 470
Sack of Nanjing (1853), 225, 226-228
Saga Rebellion (1874), 271
522 I Index
Saigo Takamori, 267-268, 270, 271
Saintes, Battle of (1782), 159
Sakamoto Ryoma, 268
Saloth Sdar (Pol Pot), 427, 431,433-434
Samos, 3, 10
Samurai warriors, 77. See also Sengoku
Period, Japan (1467-1603)
Sandoval, Don Gomez de, 103
Sanhe, Battle of (1858), 225
Sanjabi, Karim, 445, 446
Sanjo Sanetomi, 271
Sankin kotai, 82-83
Santa Anna, Antonio Lopez de, 276
Saratoga, First Battle of (1777), 155
Saratoga, Second Battle of (1777), 155
Satsuma, 266, 267, 268-269, 270, 271
SAVAK (Organization of Intelligence and
National Security), 440-441, 443, 444
Scarriffhollis, Battle of (1650), 131
Scherer, Barthelemy, 186
Schleswig, Battle of (1848), 200
Schleswig-Holstein War, First (1848-1852),
213-214
Schmalkaldic League, 88
Schofield, John M., 251
Schuyler, Philip, 152-153, 155
Schwarzenberg, Felix zu, 208, 215-216
Scobie, Ronald MacKenzie, 372
Scotland. See also English Civil Wars
(1642-1651)
Army of the Covenant, 122
Irish War of Independence and Civil War
(1919-1923), 320
map, mid-17th Century, 119
War of the Roses (1455-1485), 70
Scott, Winfield, 236
Second Battle of St. Albans (1461), 67
Second Palaeologan Civil War. See Byzantine
Empire Civil War (1341-1347)
Second Triumvirate, 38-39
Sedgwick, John, 246
Segesta, 7, 8
Seinen War (1877), 271
Sekigahara, Battle of (1600), 77, 78
Seko, Mobuto Sese, 474-475
Seleucid Empire (312-63 BCE), 20,
22-24
Seleucus, 16, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22
Selinus, 7
Senggelinquin, 225
Sengoku Period, Japan (1467-1603)
causes, 77-79
consequences, 82-83
course, 79-82
principal battles, summary table,
77-78
timeline, 83-86
Serbia. See also Russian Civil War
(1917-1922)
Byzantine Empire Civil War (1341-1347),
45-50
Ottoman Turks, invasion by (1371), 50
Seven Days’ Campaign (1862), 242
Seven Years’ War (1756-1763), 139, 147
Sextus Pompey, 37
Shagari, Shehu, 419
Shandang Campaign (1945), 336
Shanghai, Battle of (1861-1862), 225
Shanghai, Battle of (1937), 336
Shanghai, First Battle of (1932), 341
Shanghai Campaign (1949), 337
Sharif-Emami, Jafar, 444, 446
Shays, Daniel, 160
Shays’ Rebellion (1786), 160
Shenyang, Battle of (1948), 345
Sheridan, Philip J., 251,252
Sherman, William T., 249, 250, 251
Shields, James, 241
Shiloh, Battle of (1862), 240
Shimizu Muneharu, 78
Shimoda, Siege of (1590), 78
Shogun, roles of, 82-83. See also Boshin
Civil War (1868-1869)
Shunroku Hata, 336
Sibyrtius, 18
Sicily, Peloponnesian Wars (460-404 BCE)
and, 7-10
Sickles, Daniel, 246
Sicyon, 3
Siege and Battle of Massilia (49 BCE), 29
Siege of Alexandria(48-47 BCE), 29
Siege of Boston (1775-1776), 151,152
Siege of Breda (1624-1625), 87
Siege of Changchun (1948), 337
Siege of Charles Town (1780), 157
Siege of Fort Stanwix (1777), 155
Siege of Koriyama (1540-1541), 77
Siege of Kozuki Castle (1578), 78
Index j 523
Siege of Magdeburg (1630-1631), 95-96
Siege of Mantua (1796), 180
Siege of Moji (1561), 77
Siege of Orenburg (1774), 142
Siege of Plataea (428 ВСЕ), 6
Siege of Shimoda (1590), 78
Siege of Stralsund (1628), 88
Siege of Tachibana (1569), 77
Siege of Takamatsu (1582), 78
Siege of Toda (1542-1543), 77
Siege of Vicksburg (1863), 246-247
Siege of Yorktown (1781), 159
Siegel, Franz, 250
Sigismund, King, 55, 56, 57-58, 59
Sigismund, Marshal Dagobert, 179
Sihamoni, Norodom, 434
Sihanouk, Norodom, 426-427, 428,
429, 434
Simnel, Lambert, 73
Sindikubwabo, Theodore, 473
Sinhala. See Sri Lankan Civil War
(1983-2009)
Sinn Fein, 323-327
Sinn Fein Rebellion (1916), 323
Sino-Japanese War, Second (1937-1945),
342-343
Sino-Soviet Split (1960-1989), 347
Siping, Battle of (1946), 336
Siping, Third Battle of (1947), 344
Sirik Matak, 427
Skorpadski, Pavlo, 301
Slavery. See also American Civil War
(1861-1865)
British antislavery campaign, 413
in Cuba, 399-400
Slovakia, European Revolutions (1848),
205-210
Smallholders Party, 385
Social Revolution (1959), 467468
Socialism, rise of, 188-189. See also
Communism
Society of United Irishmen, 320
Socrates, 11
Sogo Masayasu, 78
Soldiers. See Land forces
Solemn League and Covenant, 120, 122
Sonnö-jöi, 265
Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO)
(1954), 347
Soviet Union. See also Hungarian Revolution
(1956); Russia
China and, 338-339, 341, 347
Cuba and, 405408
Greek Civil War (1946-1949) and, 372,
376, 377
Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) and,
359-360
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics,
305-308
Spain. See also Byzantine Empire; European
Revolutions (1848); Spanish Civil War
(1936-1939); Thirty Years’ War
(1618-1648)
American Revolution (1775-1783), 155
Cuba and, 399-401
European Revolutions (1848), 201
French Revolution (1789-1799),
181-182
Spanish-American War (1899-1902),
400401
Treaty of Paris (1782), 160
World War I, 355-356
Spanish Civil War (1936-1939)
causes, 355-358
consequences, 364-365
course, 358-364
timeline, 365-368
Spanish-American War (1899-1902),
400-401
Sparta, Greece. See also Peloponnesian Wars
(460-404 BCE)
map of (460-404 BCE), 2
Sphacteria, 6-7
Sphacteria, Battle of (425 BCE), 7
Spinola, 92, 93-94
Sri Lankan Civil War (1983-2009)
causes, 454-456
consequences, 460-461
course, 456460
timeline, 461465
St. Albans, Battle of (1455), 63
St. Albans, Second Battle of (1461), 67
Stalin, Joseph, 297, 306, 307, 359, 372, 374
Stamp Act (1765), 148
Stanley, Thomas, 71
Stanley, William, 71
Stark, John, 155
Stasanor, 18
524 I Index
States General (1614), 171-173
Stephaniana, Battle of (1344), 43
Steuben, Wilhelm von, 155
Stolypin, Pyotr Arkadyevich, 294
Stones River, Battle of (1863), 249
Strachan, Archibald, 130
Stralsund, Siege of (1628), 88
Stuart, Charles, 128, 244, 246, 248
Stuart, James E. B., 242
Su Yu, 337
Sudomer, Battle of (1420), 54
Sue Harukata, 77
Sugar Act (1764), 147-148
Sullivan, John, 156
Sullivan’s Island, Battle of (1776), 153
Sun Chuanfang, 340
Sun Yixian (Yatsen), 335-337, 338, 339
Sun-Joffe Manifesto (1923), 338-339
Suramarit, Norodom, 426
Suslov, Mikhail A., 389
Suvorov, Aleksandr, 139, 142,185, 186, 187
Svetoslav, Theodore, 44
Svyatopolk-Mirsky, Pyotr Dmitrievich,
292-293
Sweden. See also Thirty Years’ War
(1618-1648)
Peace of Westphalia (1648), 107-109
Thirty Years’ War, French-Swedish Phase
(1635-1648), 95, 100-107
Thirty Years’ War, Swedish Phase (1630-
1635), 95-100
Switzerland
European Revolutions (1848), 202
War of the Second Coalition (1798-1802),
186
Sybota, Battle of (433 BCE), 4
Syracuse, Peloponnesian Wars (460-404
BCE) and, 7-10
Syria. See also Byzantine Empire
Wars of the Diadochi (323-275 BCE), 19-
20, 22
Syrian Wars (274-168 BCE), 23
Szdlasi, Ferenc, 385
Tabaru Chikakata, 77
Taborites, 55, 58
Tachibana, Siege of (1569), 77
Taiping Civil War. See Taiping Rebellion
(1851-1864)
Taiping Rebellion (1851-1864)
causes, 224
consequences, 229-230
course, 226-229
principal battles and events, summary table,
225
timeline, 231-232
Taiwan, 346-347
Taiwo, Ibrahim, 416-417
Takamatsu, Siege of (1582), 78
Takeda Katsuyori, 78
Tamils. See Sri Lankan Civil War
(1983-2009)
Tan Shaoguang, 225
Tan War, 324
Tanagra, Battle of (458 BCE), 2
Tang Enbo, 336, 337
Tang Shengzhi, 336
Tarleton, Banastre, 158
Tatarahama, Battle of (1569), 78
Taxiles, 18
Taylor, Richard, 251
Teachtai Dala, 323
Tegea, 3, 7
Teller Amendment (1898), 401
Ten Years’ War (1868-1878), 400
Test Act (1672), 319, 320
Tewkesbury, Battle of (1471), 70
Thailand, Khmer Rouge and, 434
Thapsus, Battle of (46 BCE), 30, 36
The Troubles (1968-1998), 329
Thebes, 2, 3,5, 11
Thermidorean Reaction, 178
Thessaly, 21
Thirty Years’ Peace, 3
Thirty Years’ War (1618-1648)
Battle of White Mountain, 59
Bohemian Phase (1618-1625), 90-94
causes, 60, 87-90
consequences, 107-109
Danish Phase (1625-1629), 94-95
French-Swedish Phase (1635-1648),
100-107
principal battles and events, 87-88
Swedish Phase (1630-1635), 95-100
timeline, 109-116
Thomas, George H,, 239, 249
Thrace, 7
Thrasybulus, 11
Index I 525
Three Alls Campaign (1940), 343
Thucydides, 1, 4, 7, 8
Thurii, 7
Thurn, Count, 90-94
Tiananmen Square Incident (1989), 348
Tilly, Johann Tserclaes von, 91-98
Timelines
American Civil War (1861-1865), 254—263
American Revolution (1775-1783),
161-168
Boshin Civil War (1868-1869), 272-274
Byzantine Empire Civil War (1341-1347),
51-53
Caesarian-Pompeian Civil War (49^45
BCE), 39-42
Cambodian Civil War (1967-1975),
435—437
Chinese Civil War (1927-1949), 349-353
Cuban Revolution (1953-1959), 408-411
English Civil Wars (1642-1651), 133-138
European Revolutions (1848), 216-223
French Revolution (1789-1799), 192-199
Greek Civil War (1946-1949), 378-381
Hungarian Revolution (1956), 393-397
Hussite Wars (1419-1434), 60-62
Iranian Revolution (1978-1979), 449^153
Irish War of Independence and Civil War
(1919-1923), 329-333
Libyan Civil War (2011), 488-493
Mexican Revolution (1910-1920), 285-288
Nigerian Civil War (1967-1970), 419-423
Peloponnesian Wars (460-404 BCE),
12-15
Pugachev’s Rebellion (1773-1775),
144-145
Russian Revolutions (1905, 1917), and
Civil War (1917-1922), 308-317
Sengoku Period, Japan (1467-1603), 83-86
Spanish Civil War (1936-1939), 365-368
Sri Lankan Civil War (1983-2009),
461-465
Taiping Rebellion (1851-1864), 231-232
Thirty Years’ War (1618-1648), 109-116
War of the Roses (1455-1485), 73-76
Wars of the Diadochi (323-275 BCE),
24-27
Tito, Josip Bronz, 374, 376
Tlepolemus, 18
Toba-Fushima, Battle of (1868), 266, 269
Toda, Siege of (1542-1543), 77
Tokugawa Iemochi, 265, 267
Tokugawa Ieyasu, 78, 80, 81-82
Tokugawa Shogunate, 77. See also Boshin
Civil War (1868-1869)
Tokugawa Yoshinobu, 267, 268-270, 271
Tone, Wolfe, 181
Torisaka, Battle of (1568), 77
Tornavento, Battle of (1636), 101
Torstenson, Lennart, 102, 103-104, 105
Tosa, 266, 267, 270
Touchet, James, 65
Tour d’Auvergne, Henri de la, 105
Townsend Acts (1767), 148
Toyotomi Hideyori, 83
Toyotomi Hideyoshi, 78, 80, 83
Trade
American Civil War (1861-1865), 233, 235
Boshin Civil War (1868-1869), 265, 271
Caesarian-Pompeian Civil War (49^15
BCE), 37
Chinese Civil War (1927-1949), 339, 341,
342
European Revolutions (1848), 201
under Henry VII, King of England, 73
Irish War of Independence and Civil War
(1919-1923), 327
Opium War, Second (1856-1860), 230
Peloponnesian Wars (460-404 BCE) and, 4
People’s Republic of China and, 347
Porfiriato (1876-1911), 278-279
Quasi-War (1798-1800), 184-185
Taiping Rebellion (1851-1864), 227
Treaty of Aigun (1858), 230
Treaty of Amiens (1802), 192, 455
Treaty of Bärwalde (1631), 95
Treaty of Breda (1650), 130
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (1918), 298-299, 301
Treaty of Campo Formio (1797), 183
Treaty of Ciudad Juarez (1911), 279
Treaty of Compiègne (1624), 93
Treaty of Florence (1801), 191
Treaty of Fontainbleau (1631), 96
Treaty of Kanagawa (1854), 265
Treaty of Linz (1645), 106
Treaty of London (1839), 202
Treaty of Lübeck (1629), 95
Treaty of Lunéville (1800), 190
Treaty of Münster (1648), 106-107
526 I Index
Treaty of Nikolsburg (1621), 92
Treaty of Osnabrück (1648), 107
Treaty of Paris (1634), 100,101
Treaty of Paris (1782), 160
Treaty of Portsmouth (1905), 293
Treaty of Prague (1635), 101
Treaty of Riga (1920), 304
Treaty of Ripon (1839), 120
Treaty of San Ildefonso (1796), 181
Treaty of Tianjin (1858), 230
Treaty of Trianon (1919), 384
Treaty of Triparadisus (321 BCE), 19
Treaty of Uxbridge (1645), 124
Treaty of Varkiza (1945), 372-373
Trebbia, Battle of (1799), 186
Trebonius, Gaius, 29, 33
Trenton, Battle of (1776), 154
Trepov, Dmitri Feodorovich, 293
Triennial Act (1840), 120
Trollope, Sir Andrew, 66
Tromp, Maarten Harpertszoon, 102-103
Troppau Protocol (1820), 200
Trotsky, Leon, 297, 298, 300, 303
Truce of Ulm (1647), 106
Truman, Harry S., 346-347, 374
Truman Doctrine (1947), 374, 377
Tseng Kuo-fan, 228, 229
Tudor, Henry, 71
Tudor, Jasper, 70, 71
Tukhachevsky, Mikhail N., 303-304, 307
Tureene, Marshal, 106, 107
Turgot, Anne Robert Jacques, 170, 171
Turkey. See also Byzantine Empire
Cyprus, invasion of (1974), 378
Greco-Turkish War (1919-1922), 370-371
Tumham Green, Battle of (1642), 121
Tutsi. See Rwandan Civil War (1990-1993)
Twagiramungu, Faustin, 472
Twas. See Rwandan Civil War (1990-1993)
Twelve Years’ Truce, 92
Two-Thirds Decree (1795), 179
Ueno, Battle of (1868), 269
Uganda, 469-470, 473^74
Ugljesa, John, 50
Ukraine
Russian Civil War (1917-1922), 304
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (1918), 298-299
Ulster Volunteer Force, 322
Umur I, 47, 48
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. See
Soviet Union
Union Overland Campaign (1864), 251-252
United African Company, 413
United Kingdom. See Britain
United Nations (UN)
Balkans Investigating Committee (1947),
373
Hungarian Revolution (1956) and, 392
Rwandan Civil War (1990-1993), 468,
472-473,475
Sri Lankan Civil War (1983-2009) and,
460-461
United States. See also American Civil War
(1861-1865); American Revolution
(1775-1783); Russian Civil War
(1917-1922)
Boshin Civil War (1868-1869), 266-267
Cambodia and, 426
Cambodian Civil War (1967-1975),
428-431
China and, 346-347
China in World War I, 338
Chinese Civil War (1927-1949), 336, 342,
343-344
Civil Rights Movement, 253-254
Cold War, Spain and, 365
Cuba and, 400-401,402,404, 405-408
Greek Civil War (1946-1949), 370, 374,
375-376, 377
Hungarian Revolution (1956), 391-392
Iran and, 447-449
Iranian Revolution (1978-1979), 440-441,
447
Irish War of Independence and Civil War
(1919-1923), 320
Libyan Civil War (2011), 481^182
map, American Revolution (1775-1783),
149
Mexican Revolution (1910-1920),
280-283
Mexico-American War (1846-1848), 276
Native Americans, wars with, 161
Quasi-War (1798-1800), 184-185
Russian Civil War (1917-1922), 299, 301
Spanish Civil War (1936-1939), 360
Spanish-American War (1899-1902),
400-401
Index I 527
Treaty of Kanagawa (1854), 265
Vietnam and, 426
Ushakov, Fyodor, 139
Utica (49 BCE), 29
Utraquists, 58, 59
Utsunomiya Toyotsuna, 77
Uwilingiyimana, Agathe, 473
Vafiadis, Markos, 373, 374-375, 376
Valcour Island, Battle of (1776), 153
Valley Campaign (1862), 241
Valley Forge, 155
Vaimy, Battle of (1792), 175, 176
Valvasone, Battle of (1797), 182
Van Fleet, James, 375
Van Nassau, 97
Varela, José Enrique, 362
Varus, Attius, 29, 30, 33
Venables, Robert, 129
Vergennes, Charles Gravier, comte de, 171
Vicksburg, Siege of (1863), 246-247
Victor, Claude, 189
Victor Amaedeus I, Duke of Savoy, 101
Victor Emmanuel II, 212
Viet Cong. See also Cambodian Civil War
(1967-1975)
Vietnam, 426,432-433. See also Cambodian
Civil War (1967-1975)
Vietnam War (1957-1975), 347, 426
Villa, Francisco “Pancho,” 279-280,
282-283
Villaret-Joyeuse, Louis, 178
Villiers, George, 119
Vitkov Hill, Battle of (1420), 54, 57
Vladislaus II (Ladislaus Jagiellon), 60
Voltaire, 139
von Mansfeld, Ernst, 90-91
Wakefield, Battle of (1460), 67
Wales. See also English Civil Wars
(1642-1651)
Wallenstein, Albrecht von, 94—95
Waller, William, 123, 124
WanYi, 336
Wang Haiyang, 229
Wang Shitai, 337
War in the Vendee Region (1792-1796), 170
War of German Liberation (1813-1814), 213
War of the First Coalition (1794), 178
War of the Reform (1858-1861), 277
War of the Roses (1455-1485)
causes, 62-65
consequences, 72-73
course, 65-72
timeline, 73-76
War of the Second Coalition (1798-1802),
185,190
War of the Yang Earth Dragon. See Boshin
Civil War (1868-1869)
Warbeck, Perkin, 73
Ward, Artemus, 151
Ward, Frederick Townsend, 225, 229
Warring States, Japan. See Sengoku Period,
Japan (1467-1603)
Wars of the Diadochi (323-275 BCE)
Babylonian War (311-309 BCE), 20
causes, 16-18
Celtic Invasions and Consolidation
(280-275 BCE), 22
consequences of, 22-24
First War (322-320), 18-19
Fourth War (308-301 BCE), 20-21
Lamian War (322 BCE), 18
Second War (319-315 BCE), 19
Struggle between Lysimachus and Seleucus
(285-281 BCE), 22
Struggle over Macedon (298-285 BCE),
21-22
Third War (314-311 BCE), 19-20
timeline, 24-27
Treaty of Triparadisus (321 BCE), 19
Wars of the First Coalition (1792-1797), 174
Wars of the French Revolution (1792-1802),
174, 191-192
Wars of the Second Coalition (1799-1801),
174
Warsaw, Battle of (1922), 304
Warsaw Pact, 390, 391
Washington, George, 152, 153-157, 159
Wattignies, Battle of (1793), 177
Wayne, Anthony, 156
Weapons
American Civil War (1861-1865),
240, 241
American Revolution (1775-1783), 153,
154
Boshin Civil War (1868-1869),
269, 271
528 j Index
Hussite Wars, 57
Nigerian Civil War (1967-1970), 417
nuclear weapons, 347
Pugachev’s Rebellion (1773-1775), 142
Sengoku Period, Japan (1467-1603), 81
Thirty Years’ War (1618-1648), 97
War of the Roses (1455-1485), 65
Weisloch, Battle of (1622), 92
Welles, Gideon, 238
Wenceslaus, King, 55, 56
Wentworth, William, 120
Werneck, Baron, 182
Werth, Johann von, 105
West Indies, 159
Wheeler, Earl, 428
White Army, Russian Civil War, 299-305
White Mountain, Battle of (1620), 60, 87,
91-92
White Revolution (1963), 441
Wijeweera, Rohana, 458
Wilderness, Battle of (1864), 250
Wilhelm, Karl, Duke of Brunswick, 174, 176
Wilhelm II, Kaiser, 301
Wilson, Harold, 417
Wilson, Henry, 325
Wilson, Woodrow, 280-282, 283, 338,413
Wimpfen, Battle of (1622), 92
Wind of Destruction (1959), 467-468
Windischgratz, Alfred von, 206, 207,208, 209
Winter, Jan Willem de, 183
Winter King, 60
With, Witte Corneliszoon de, 103
Witte, Sergei, 293-294
Wladyslaw П Jagiello, King of Poland, 58
Wolgast, Battle of (1628), 88
Woodville, Elizabeth, 68, 71
World War I
China and, 337-338, 341
Greece and, 370
Hungarian independence and, 384
Irish National Volunteers and, 322
Nigeria and, 413
Russia and, 295, 298
Spain and, 355-356
World War II
Greece and, 371, 372
Hungary and, 384-385
Iran and, 440
Ireland and, 328-329
Libya and, 480
Nigeria and, 413
Sino-Japanese War, Second (1937-1945)
and, 342-343
Soviet Union and, 308
Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) and,
364-365
Wrangel, Carl Gustav, 102, 107
Wrangel, Friedrich Heinrich von,
213-214
Wrangel, Karl Gustav, 105
Wrangel, Pyotr N., 303, 304
Wu Peifu, 336, 339
Wurmser, Dagobert Sigmund von, 177, 180,
181
Wycliffe, John, 54
Wycliffites, 56
Xiang Rong, 225, 228
Xiao Jingguang, 337
Xinghua Campaign (1945), 336
Xinhai Revolution (1911), 335-337
Xue Yue, 336
Yamana Mochitoyo, 79
Yamanaka Yukimori, 78
Yan Xishan, 336
Yang Xiuqing, 224, 225, 226, 228
Ye Ting, 340, 343
Yorktown, Siege of (1781), 159
Yoshiaki Ashikaga, 80
Yoshida Shoin, 265, 268
Yoshimitsu, 79
Yoshinobu, Shogun, 267, 268-270, 271
Young Ireland, 320
Yuan Shikai (Shih-kai), 335-338
Yudenich, Nikolai, 303
Yugoslavia, Greek Civil War (1946-1949)
and, 374, 376
Yukio Kasahara, 336
Zablatí, Battle of (1619), 91
Zach, Anton, 189
Zachariadis, Nikolaos, 373-374, 376
Zapata, Emiliano, 279-280, 282, 283
Zealots, 47
Zela, Battle of (47 BCE), 36
Želivsky, Jan, 56, 57
Zeng Guofan, 225, 228, 229
Index | 529
Zeng Guoquan, 225
Zhang Fakui, 336
Zhang Guoliang, 225
Zhang Xueliang, 340, 341, 342
Zhang Zuolin, 336, 339, 340
Zheng Dongguo, 337
Zhili- Anhui War (1920), 336
Zhili-Fengtian War, First (1922), 336
Zhili-Fentian War, Second (1924), 336
Zhou Enlai, 339, 345-346
Zhou Fengqi, 225
Zhu De, 336, 340
Zizka, Jan, 54, 56
Zuo Zongtang, 225
Zurich, Third Battle of (1799), 187
Zusmarshausen, Battle of (1648), 88
X.
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Tucker, Spencer 1937- |
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| dewey-search | 355.02/18 |
| dewey-sort | 3355.02 218 |
| dewey-tens | 350 - Public administration and military science |
| discipline | Militärwissenschaft |
| era | Weltgeschichte gnd |
| era_facet | Weltgeschichte |
| format | Book |
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| isbn | 9781440842931 |
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| physical | xiv, 529 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten, Portraits |
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| spelling | Tucker, Spencer 1937- Verfasser (DE-588)121815552 aut The roots and consequences of civil wars and revolutions conflicts that changed world history Spencer C. Tucker Santa Barbara, California ; Denver, Colorado ABC-CLIO [2017] © 2017 xiv, 529 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten, Portraits txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Includes bibliographical references and index Weltgeschichte gnd rswk-swf Civil war Revolutions World history Revolution (DE-588)4049680-6 gnd rswk-swf Bürgerkrieg (DE-588)4008784-0 gnd rswk-swf Bürgerkrieg (DE-588)4008784-0 s Revolution (DE-588)4049680-6 s Weltgeschichte z DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe Tucker, Spencer, 1937- Roots and consequences of civil wars and revolutions Santa Barbara, California : ABC-CLIO, 2017 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029664833&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029664833&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Tucker, Spencer 1937- The roots and consequences of civil wars and revolutions conflicts that changed world history Civil war Revolutions World history Revolution (DE-588)4049680-6 gnd Bürgerkrieg (DE-588)4008784-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4049680-6 (DE-588)4008784-0 |
| title | The roots and consequences of civil wars and revolutions conflicts that changed world history |
| title_auth | The roots and consequences of civil wars and revolutions conflicts that changed world history |
| title_exact_search | The roots and consequences of civil wars and revolutions conflicts that changed world history |
| title_full | The roots and consequences of civil wars and revolutions conflicts that changed world history Spencer C. Tucker |
| title_fullStr | The roots and consequences of civil wars and revolutions conflicts that changed world history Spencer C. Tucker |
| title_full_unstemmed | The roots and consequences of civil wars and revolutions conflicts that changed world history Spencer C. Tucker |
| title_short | The roots and consequences of civil wars and revolutions |
| title_sort | the roots and consequences of civil wars and revolutions conflicts that changed world history |
| title_sub | conflicts that changed world history |
| topic | Civil war Revolutions World history Revolution (DE-588)4049680-6 gnd Bürgerkrieg (DE-588)4008784-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Civil war Revolutions World history Revolution Bürgerkrieg |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029664833&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029664833&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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