Russia's securitization of Chechnya: how war became acceptable
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Abschlussarbeit Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
London ; New York
Routledge
2017
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| Schriftenreihe: | Routledge critical terrorism studies
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Literaturverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register |
| Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references (pages 222-230) and index |
| Beschreibung: | vii, 239 Seiten |
| ISBN: | 9781138187139 |
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Contents
Acknowledgements
1 Introduction
2 A theory on acceptable war
3 Method and sources
4 The interwar period: a case of de-securitization
5 Russian official representations of Chechnya and Russia
6 Historical representations of Chechnya and Russia
7 Political elite representations of Chechnya and Russia
8 Expert representations of Chechnya and Russia
9 Journalistic representations of Chechnya and Russia
10 Sealing off Chechnya
11 Bombing Chechnya
12 Cleansing Chechnya
13 Conclusions and perspectives
Bibliography
Index
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Index
Page numbers in italics denote tables, those in bold denote figures.
abductions 53, 55, 132-3, 136, 138,
147nl3, 196; Russian Presidential
Envoy to Chechnya 53, 57, 59; Shpigun
60-2, 208; of Valentin Vlasov 59
Amnesty International 167n54, 184,
197nl3, 198nl6, 198n26, 198n29,
198n30, 199n33
anti-terrorism 59-60, 76; law 181
anti-terrorist agenda 58; discourse 6
atrocities 196, 198n30, 216; committed by
Chechen 2, 74, 180; against civilians
137, 181, 193, 201n94, 213; by Russian
forces 190-2, 195
Austin, J.L. 15n29, 15n30, 22
Austinian speech act 7, 19, 21—4, 37;
theory7 9
Bacon, E. 5, 15n23
Balzacq, T. 9-10, 16n36, 40n21
bandit(s) 55, 58, 60, 62, 64, 67n70, 69-72,
75, 77, 80, 83n49, 83n50, 83n53, 87,
96nl5, 101, 103^1, 108, 117, 120, 123,
127n9, 128n29, 128n38, 132, 137-9,
146nl, 147nl3, 148n44, 149n77, 171-2,
174, 186, 188-9, 193; bases 155;
Chechen 74, 131, 133, 136, 191, 213;
destroyed 200n72; detention of 190;
fight against 76; formations 59, 73, 140;
strongholds 56
banditry7 75, 77, 94, 107
Beslan hostage crisis 4, 208
Bigo, D. 29, 42n55
bin Laden, Osama 14nl9, 58, 64, 66n40,
74—5, 78, 106, 119-20, 128n31, 135,
147n20, 205
Blandy, C.W. 1, 12nl
bomb attacks 71-2, 200n71; blasts 55;
Chechnya 177; explosions 67n71, 77,
82n20, 132; hit local school 178n28; in
Moscow 74, 147n20, 158, 162
bombed: Chechnya 148n37, 157, 168-9;
civilian convoys 170
bombings 9, 67n71, 131, 133, 167n66;
apartment 13n6, 112n3, 117; campaign
in Syria 214; of Chechnya 12, 50, 65,
102, 107, 156, 159, 168-77, 177nl6,
178n28, 191, 196, 215-16, 220n27; of
civilian targets 137, 170, 172, 174,
177nl7, 213; London 14nl9; Moscow
73—4, 82n20, 82n21, 83n56, 135;
remote-controlled devices 180; in
Russia 160; in Russian cities 29, 70, 76,
115; suicide 132, 147nl3; U.S.
bombings in Afghanistan 59; of U.S.
embassies 58, 64
bombs 19, 174; in Chechen territory7 131,
139, 169, 175; cluster 170-1, 178n28
Butler, J. 23, 31,39nl, 40n27, 42n79
Buzan, B. 7-8, 13n4, 14nl8, 14nl9,
19-20, 24—5, 30-1, 33-6, 39n5, 39n8,
42n58, 43n88, 204
C.A.S.E. Collective 42n56
Chechen 1-5, 11, 58-9, 79, 86, 90, 96n22,
99, 104—5, 119-20, 124, 126, 133-5,
138-9, 144-5, 158, 175-6, 189-90, 192,
196, 206-7, 216; abuses 202n99;
adversary 153; authorities 152, 168;
bandits 74, 213; banditry 94; bands 145;
bodies and lives 214; border 60-2, 65,
155, 205; campaign 83n49, 141; camps
201n92; children 177nl8; civilian
population 81, 125, 137, 142, 174, 180,
212; civilians 173, 194—5; conflict
232 Index
15n25, 54, 65n2, 95nl, 169, 218;
constitution 183; defiance of Russian
rule 15n24; diaspora 87, 136; discourse
96nl4; extremist forces 82n37;
extremists 64, 131, 172; field
commanders 55, 112n3; gunmen 66n22;
identity 146, 164; illegal detention
161-2, 188; independence 80;
involvement in Dagestan 83n55; leaders
88, 191; leadership 56, 123; mafia 63;
massacre survivors 200n70; nation
83n50, 118, 148n31; Other 46, 140;
parliament 100; people 105; population
52, 185; problem 101, 121; rebels
82n39; refugees 110, 157; refused
re-registration 159; regime 115;
Republic 57, 65n3, 102, 109, 197n8,
215; Russian relations 156; slavery 71;
soil 149n77; state 128n25; threat 7, 32,
45, 77-8, 103, 106-8, 111, 117, 122,
154, 208, 210-11; towns and villages
182; trace 67n71; victim 200n65;
violence 143, 186; warlords 82n24, 89,
200n71; wars 13n6, 65n8, 65nl0,
177nl6; woman killed 202nl03
Chechen fighters 63, 71, 142, 172, 175,
180, 200n72; aims 134; atrocities 74,
144; attacks by 145; blamed for civilian
deaths 192; characterizations of 72, 77,
81, 131; hostages held captive by 89;
incursion of 105; military operation
against 75; plan to use mustard gas 187;
representation of 132-3, 135, 138, 174;
Russian attacks on 61; as terrorist threat
189, 194; using humans shields 176;
war-crime 200n71
Chechen government 55, 206; Department
of the International Human Rights
Society 161; exile 152-3, 164n5;
interior Ministry 57
Chechen law 106, 132; enforcement
agencies 58; lawlessness 143
Chechen President 62, 206, 221n30;
Dudayev, General D. 2, 80, 100, 123,
191; Maskhadov, A. 12, 55, 57, 71, 81,
106, 217; Yandarbiyev, Z. 58
Chechens 2, 6, 11-12, 26, 62, 66n21, 70,
80-1, 100, 115, 123, 125, 127nl6, 130,
132, 139, 144-5, 154, 157, 159, 162-3,
173, 186, 212-14, 218, 220nl8;
abducting people 133, 136; Akkintsy
149n77; articulation of 205, 211;
construction of 138; dangerous 164,
188-9, 216; demonisation 67n70,
96nl5; detained 198n23, 198n29;
disappeared 198n28; disciplining 183;
fabrication of criminal charges against
160-1; good 105, 128n25; guilty
118-19, 126, 171, 176; isolation 29;
passports refused 167n69; registration
refused 166n49, 167n54, 167n61;
representation of 52, 151, 180, 195;
Russian dealings with 54; Russian
perceptions of 95nl 1; sealed off 152,
196, 215; terrorists 77, 87, 90; terrorist
threat 7, 161; terror unleashed against
65n9; tortured 200n61; as victims 89,
124, 137, 141, 175, 190; violence
against 1, 174; young 63
Chechen separatism 55; separatist military
presence 178; separatist movement
13nl0, 80
Chechen territory 71, 200n72; absence of
civilized society 136; bandit formations
56, 59; bombing of 12, 65, 131, 168-9,
172, 175, 177; cleanse 185, 194; cordon
sanitaire 139; guerrillas on 107, 152;
liberated 141; preventive strikes against
153; Russian control 187; Russian troops
entered 1, 75, 85, 156; terrorists on 76;
threat from 70; training camps 134
Chechen terrorists 120, 131, 156, 192, 213;
camp 60; threat 70, 90, 158-9
Chechen War 4-5, 13n2, 15n24, 127n5;
first post-Soviet 34, 86
Chechen War, First 1—4, 11-12, 46-7, 53,
62, 70, 75, 79-80, 87-8, 90, 93, 95,
96n22, 107, 110-11, 115-16, 124, 131,
137, 141-4, 169-71, 183, 185, 188, 190,
194, 203, 207,211,213,215;
Chechen War, Second 1-7, 11-12, 13n6,
15n23, 18-19, 23, 26-27, 30, 37, 46-7,
50, 52, 69, 71, 79-80, 94, 117, 120, 144,
152, 154, 168, 172, 177n6, 180-1,
183-5, 194, 196, 203, 205, 207-17,
219n8
children 117, 124, 129n45, 132, 137, 142,
160, 176, 177nl8, 178n28, 183-4, 189,
198n29
cleanse 12, 109, 159-60, 166n48, 180-1,
185, 194-5, 200n72, 216
cleansing 9; cleaning up 181, 186, 196;
ethnic 117, 132, 166n43, 191;
operations 50, 120, 140, 180-1, 192,
197nl5, 198nl6, 200n71,215
Communist Party of the Russian
Federation (CPRF) 97n47, 96n30, 98;
Chairman 104; impeachment process
Index 233
against Yeltsin 111; leader 55, 62, 91,
113n25; members 218; State Duma
Speaker 105, 107
Congress of Russian Communities (KRO)
92, 97n34, 97n42, 97n43
Connolly, W.E. 13n5, 25, 41n37, 206
constructivism common-sense 220nl6;
critical 16n44
Copenhagen School 15n30, 18, 20, 35,
41n45, 41n52, 43n88, 45; absence of
gender 43n83; approach 9, 11;
conception of security7 29;
conceptualizations 31; neglects post-
structuralist insights 28; version of
securitization 13n4
Copenhagen School securitization theory
7-8, 12, 18-19, 21-2, 25, 27-8, 31,
34-5, 37-8, 40nl0, 212
cordon sanitaire 75, 120, 139, 141, 152-3,
155-6, 169
counter-terrorism 14n20, 177nl7;
legislation 220n29; Russian operation
197nl2
counter-terrorist 159; campaign 1-3, 6, 12,
184, 190, 195, 203; measures 7, 171;
operation 69, 116, 154, 163, 176, 181,
186-7, 193, 197n7, 200n72, 214, 217;
crimes 60, 63-4, 133, 136-7, 160, 196,
201n88, 201n95; cracking down on 59;
denying 191; fight against 58; large-
scale 193; massive 117, 119; organized
93, 161-2; terrorist 199n34; war 1,
177nl 1, 191, 200n71, 217
criminal 44, 63-4, 93, 100, 115, 124, 133,
136, 138; actions 193; activity 128n39;
cases 152; charges fabricated 160-1; filth
105, 109; group 62; investigation 142;
law 75; post-national 87, 90; regime 79,
104; sphere 134; superstructure 137;
terrorist regime 131; underworld 73;
ways 123; world 88, 112n2
criminalitv 87, 90, 94
criminals 54, 71, 77, 90, 108, 117, 133,
136, 140
Croft, S. 14n20, 16n36, 25-6, 29, 41n33,
41n39, 87
Dagestan 73, 80, 101, 107, 115, 133, 143,
147n20, 149n68, 154, 165n29, 220n26;
bombings 220n27; border with
Chechnya 155, 157; counter-terrorist
operations 214; documents 134; fighting
77, 83n55; incursion into 13n6, 55,
62-3, 69, 72, 74, 104, 149n77, 208;
insurgency 216; military action in 100,
142; Novolak region 71, 157; offensive
187; Putin visit 8 In 14; state of
emergency declared 102; war in 67n68,
70-1, 76, 135
Dagestani 157; border with Chechnya
60-1; Congress 55; nation 71, 81nl4;
refugees 149n77; territories bombed
169; villages 62
Dagestanis 105, 132, 143, 149n77, 160
dehumanize(d) 78, 105, 136, 171
Derrida, J. 15n26, 22, 27, 31, 34, 39nl
de-securitization 63; interwar discourse
108; process 21, 54
detention centres 199n33; pre-trial 184
detention facilities 185; long-term 184,
189; temporary 183
detentions 19, 183—4, 190, 215; illegal
160-1, 188; temporarY isolators (TVS)
185
diasporas Caucasian 134; Chechen 87, 136
disappearance of civilians 181; forced
197nl5
disappeared 182; detainees 184, 198n28;
Maskhadov 138, 218
Donnelly, F. 8—9, 14n20, 16n36, 16n44,
43n85
Doty, R. 13n5, 16n38, 40n22, 43n84
Duma 47-8, 67n63, 72-4, 78-9, 102-3,
112nl, 112nl5, 152-3, 167n68, 199n41,
208; candidates 156, 161; Committee on
Nationality Issues 58, 104; Deputies 89,
96n23, 108, 163; discussion on
Chechnya 54; elections 93, 97n42,
97n47; factions 106, 207; impeachment
process against Yeltsin 111; limited
opposition 159; members 99, 173;
representatives 192; Speaker 55, 107;
vote 69
Duma Defence Committee 104; Chairman
105, 107
Duma Security7 Committee 113n22,
113n24; head 59, 105, 173; State
Speaker 107
Dunlop, J.B. 13n7, 15n24
ethnic cleansing 117, 132, 166n43, 191
Eurasian: Idea 91—2, 97n31; position 94;
power 91, 93; South 93
Eurasianism 92, 97n32; Official 97n51
Evangelista, M. 15n24, 127n5
executions 188; of detainees 184;
extrajudicial 198n20; mock 183; public
182
234 Index
existential threat 2, 8, 20, 25, 30-2, 34-5,
37, 45, 52, 54, 64-5, 80-1, 105, 117,
135, 140, 145, 180, 189, 204, 216;
discourse of 6-7, 28, 38, 49, 215;
representations 21, 23^1, 26-7, 29, 35,
42n58, 44, 78, 85, 98, 124, 126, 144,
151, 210; to Russia 3-4, 15n23, 18-19,
36, 81, 146, 160, 191, 212; terrorist
11-12,31,79, 101-2, 104, 111, 116,
127, 131, 143, 157, 161, 163^1, 168,
172^1, 176, 188, 192, 194-5, 205-7,
209,211,214,217-18
fabrication of criminal charges 160-1
filtration 120, 180—1; camps 192-3,
198n23, 198n29, 201n93; system 183,
185, 198n31
filtration points 180-1, 185, 215;
temporary 184, 189; violence 183, 186,
194
Floyd, R. 16n36, 39n7
foreign policy 40nl5, 42n74, 94; Concept
88; discourses 96nl8, 97n33; strategies
8
Foucault, M. 7, 15n26, 15n33, 16n45,
17n54, 28, 39nl
FSB see Russian Federal Security Service
of the Russian Federation
Gall, C. 13n7, 15n24
genocide 79, 87, 212
Gilligan, E. 15n24, 155, 165n21, 169,
177nl4, 177nl6, 182, 197nl3, 199n50,
200n61
Government of Moscow Order No. 46
197n8
Government of Moscow Order No. 80
197n8
Government of Moscow Order No. 164
219
Government of Moscow Order No. 1007
158-9, 166n39
Government of Moscow Order No. 1057
158, 159
great-power 92, 220n23; status 91, 109
great-powemess 94
guilt 77, 90; ascribed to both sides 174;
collective 118, 126, 213; complex of 71,
78-9, 93, 123; placed on Chechen side
104; placed on the Other 78; Russian
143, 173, 191; stripped of 141; for
terrorist acts 145
guilty 194; Chechens 119, 161, 176, 189,
216; collectively 118, 171; federal
forces 133; Russia 99, 101, 124, 137,
207, 213; Yeltsin 111
Guzzini, S. 40nl9, 204, 219nl
Haas, M. de 169, 177n6
Hacking, I. 14nl6
Hagmann, J. 5, 8, 14n21, 16n36, 26, 32,
41n53
Hansen, L. 13n5, 14nl8, 16n45, 20, 25,
28, 39nl, 40nl5, 40n32, 41n38, 41n39,
42n74, 45, 47
Holland, J. 14nl8, 14n20
Hopf, T. 212, 220nl6
hostages 71, 74, 80, 102; crises 4, 89, 208;
Russian soldiers 189; taking 105, 109,
133, 147nl 1; see also abductions
Hughes, J. 15n24, 15n25
human cost of war 1, 89, 110, 171, 190, 204
human rights 13n3, 63, 167n54, 214, 218;
activists 177nl6; advocates 179n37;
basic 165nl 1, 166n35; breaches of 6,
192; commissioner 201n93; defenders
175-6; European Court 170, 172;
International HR Society 161;
international law 197, 216; Memorial
Society Centre 96n23, 191;
organizations 160, 181-2, 184-5, 188,
190; protection 55; reports 49, 140, 174,
183; Russian Commissioner 89; UN
Special Rapporteur 15n27; unlawful
limitations 166n39; violations 50, 168,
180, 196,217
Human Rights Watch (HRW) 177nl6,
180-3, 191, 197n9, 197nl0, 197nll,
198nl9, 198n22, 198n23, 198n26,
198n29, 198n31, 199n33, 200n61,
200n62, 200n65
human shields 132, 173
Huysmans, J. 41n45
Ichkerian leadership 138; President
Maskhadov 46-7, 105, 138;
representatives 137; slaves 132
identity 8, 13n4, 20, 40nl5, 42n74, 43n86,
43n88, 219n4; boundaries 21, 38;
Chechens 144, 164, 189; Chechnya 12,
19, 205; checks 161, 183, 187;
collective 2; confirmed 28-9; core 193;
documents 197n7; European 41n45; key
representations 44; linguistic 152, 214;
Maskhadov 75, 100, 218; national 95n8,
219n7; no explicit positive 81,212;
opposite 123; of perpetrators 67n71;
re-defining 32; referent object 24, 27,
Index 235
31, 204; scholars 39nl; state 96nl8;
victim 173, 192
identity constructions 25-6, 33, 77-8, 85,
109, 218; boundaries 95; of Chechnya
180; confirm 28—9; constitute 24, 37;
linguistic 152, 168; ofMaskhadov 101;
post-structuralist ideas on 27; recurrent
34, 85
illegal detentions 160-1, 188
illegal immigrants 165nl9
immigration 16n38, 42n55, 43n84
Ingram, A. 92, 97n34, 97n43
inhuman 77, 133, 155; enemy 71, 80, 153;
threat 99, 135, 144, 173, 205; treatment
190
inhumane 118; Chechen fighter 132—4;
treatment 183^1, 216
insurgency 178n22, 216; Chechen 135,
143; counter-insurgency war 183
international terrorist 76; bands 113n22,
137; base 71; leader 219; network 90;
organizations 103; threat 34, 64, 110,
131, 135, 144, 189
interwar (inter-war) 63; domestic situation
in Chechnya 46; FSB document 74;
period 11, 24, 27, 30, 48, 52, 56, 61-2,
64, 71, 80, 85-6, 90-1, 94, 99-100, 103,
107, 109, 131, 141-3, 205, 208, 210-11,
217; representations 207, 218;
representations ofMaskhadov 77; years
2, 53-4, 59—60, 79
interwar (inter-war) discourse on
Chechnya 78; de-securitization 108;
reconciliation 65, 101, 116, 124,210
Islam 2, 63, 67n67, 81n8, 92, 119, 147n22;
extreme forms 58; fundamental 106;
Salafi 214; securitizing 16n36, 41n33,
95n4; see also Radical Islam, Wahhabi
Islam
Islamic 125; dress code 55; doctrines
127nl6; extremism 135; extremist 58,
64, 74, 138; factor in Chechnya 119;
foreign forces 63; fundamentalist strand
100; independent territory 81n8; order
123; radicalization 13nl0; radical threat
4, 62; resistance 165n29; state 71, 214
Isiamisation of Chechen separatist
movement 13nl0
Islamism 13nl0, 125
Islamist 62; armed groups 55; militant 76;
movements 119; organizations 125
Jackson, P.18, 20, 23, 32, 39n2, 40nl6,
40n28, 42n80
Jackson, R. 14nl9, 14n20
Jorgensen, M. 40n23, 40n26, 41n38, 51n2
Kassianova, A. 88, 96nl8
Khasavyurt Accord 13n2, 46, 54, 56, 78-9,
99, 107-9, 139, 141, 152, 164n4
killings of civilians 50, 55, 105, 109, 168,
197nl0, 197nl 1, 199n52, 200n62
Krause, K. 14nl2, 16n37
Krebs, R.R. 14n20, 23, 40n28
Kristeva, J. 15n26, 33
Laclau, E. 15n29, 16n54, 25, 28, 35, 39n3,
40n26, 41n38, 51n2
Lebed, General Aleksandr 54, 65n2, 99,
112n3, 115, 136, 141; accused of high
treason 55; recruited to KRO 97n42;
signed agreement 65n3
legitimation 9, 18, 20-1, 203; discursive
process 19; of emergency measures 31;
of gross violence 189; inter subjective
process 35, 38, 98, 204; ongoing process
98, 143; public 42n80, 146; of war 3
legitimization of the Second Chechen War
210
legitimize/legitimized/legitimizing 6, 21,
39, 49, 164, 208; abuses 193; bombing
172; emergency measures 30, 36, 38,
194; filtration points 185; heavy human
costs 204; illegal actions of servicemen
162; policies 20, 26, 157;
representations 3; Russian state action
on Chechnya 48; securitizing narrative
163; use of force 20; violent measures
126, 213; violent retribution 119
legitimize/legitimized/legitimizing
practices 157, 160; emergency 160;
material security 152; of Russian
servicemen 193; violent 1, 9, 11—12, 47,
187,212; of war 194
Lermontov, M. 52, 65nl, 86, 90
Levashov, B.K. 13n2, 150n83, 164n4
Lieven, A. 13n7, 15n24
looting 181—2, 197nl0, 200n62
Makinen, S. 113n22, 113n23, 113n26,
114n41, 114n51, 114n56, 114n57,
114n59, 114n60, 201 n85, 201n86
March, L. 91, 96n30
Maskhadov, President Aslan 2, 12, 45—7,
55, 60, 63, 65n3, 66nl7, 66n30, 71,
83n50, 88, 101, 110, 118, 127n9,
128n29, 144, 148n44, 148n47, 177nl,
220n30, 221n30; disappeared 138, 218;
236 Index
Maskhadov, President Aslan continued
government 105; illegitimacy 221n33;
killed 219, 221n34; leadership 176;
legally elected 81, 102; negotiations
with 121; position 58; proposal to
negotiate 83n44; regime 57, 64, 75, 99;
representations of 77, 100, 106, 119,
217; status 153, 164n5
massive violence 1, 26, 171, 173, 176
mass killings 133, 197nl3
McDonald, M. 7, 15n34, 16n36, 16n37,
27, 33, 41n47, 42n69, 42n79, 43n83
Memorial and Civic Assistance 165n27,
178n20, 178n28
Memorial and Demos 177nl7, 197nl2
Memorial Society 160-1, 165n27, 165n34,
166n43, 166n44, 167n57, 167n61,
167n71, 178n20, 178n21, 178n28,
179n37, 197n6, 197nl0, 197nl2,
198nl7, 198nl9, 198n31, 199n59,
200n62; activities of Russian troops
202n96; collection of evidence of abuse
167n66; disappearances 198n28; Human
Rights Centre 96n23; refusal of
passports 167n69; registration poll
166n46, 166n49; torture and abuse
200n65; zachistki 199n55
Memorial Society reports 178n35, 182-5,
191, 197nl5, 198nl6; bombing civilian
convoy 177nl7; cluster bombs 170;
xenophobia 216
Mikiewicz, E. 96nl9, 149n80
Ministry for Internal Affairs (MVD) 53,
59-62, 64, 69, 77, 131, 143, 154,
165nl9, 166n48; forces 133, 157; troops
155
mobilization 3, 103; discursive 210,
214-15
mobilized 2, 14nl9, 20, 126
Moscow Helsinki Group 162
Muslim 77; Brotherhood 135; burial 219;
countries 62, 78, 106, 205; faith 117;
movement 76; Peoples 87; populations
214; pseudo-Muslim state 74; republics
143; states 63
Muslims 2, 87; Russian 214
mutilation 199n36
Neumann, I.B. 13n5, 41n39, 84n64, 91,
93, 96n27, 206, 219n4, 220n23
Northern Caucasus 2, 6, 57-60, 62, 69, 71,
73, 75, 79, 86-7, 100-2, 104, 119-20,
122-3, 128n32, 128n29, 131-2, 134,
138, 142-3, 153, 156, 165n25, 165n28,
166n49, 170, 177nl7, 192, 197n8,
197nl2, 199n45, 214, 217, 219n3,
220n21, 220n26
Operation Foreigner 159, 162
OSCE 90, 221n31
Other 4, 28, 36, 89, 206, 209, 212;
Chechen 46, 138, 140; dangerous 98,
119, 188, 205, 211, 214; EU constitutive
41n39; as existential threat 6; fixations
23; Orientalized 26, 87; radical 3, 11,
79, 90-3; re-articulation as a threat 78;
representations 2, 29; Russia’s 37, 52,
86; Self and Other 16n38, 21,25, 94;
Soviet Union as 13n5; terrorist 144;
threatening 100
Othering 5, 206
Otherness 41n39, 77; of Chechnya 123,
125; radical 8, 25-6, 52, 206, 209
passport(s) Chechen 157; checks 194;
refusing to issue 167n69; taken 159
Peoples, C. 14nl8, 16n37
politics of security 16n37, 16n38, 43n84
post-Copenhagen School securitization
theory 8, 32
post-Soviet 13n3, 88, 95nl, 97n31,
220n28; Chechen war 1-2, 4, 34, 86;
Russia 13nl0
post-structuralist 1, 7, 9-10, 16n45, 19,
21-2, 28, 31, 33-5; approach 5, 12, 194;
bias 44; ideas 20; ideas on identity
construction 25, 27; insights 24, 37,
41n42; perspective 39nl; propositions
18; reading of securitization 3, 8, 11,29,
36, 38-9; re-conceptualizations 23;
re-interpretation 40nl0; Self/Other
literature 13n5; view 40n22; work
41n39
post-structuralist discourse 23; concept 9,
19, 33; theory7 7, 28, 151
post-structuralists 22, 25, 39nl, 40nl5
post-structuralist securitization theory 23,
26, 32, 37; foundation 219n2;
underpinnings 19; version 9-10, 53
Putin, Prime Minister Vladimir 3^1, 12,
13nl 1, 14n23, 18, 47, 69-75, 81nl4,
82nl7, 82n25, 82n26, 82n29, 82n30,
82n37, 83n42, 83n45, 83n49, 83n53,
83n57, 84n65, 84n66, 93, 102-3, 107-8,
112nl2, 113n35, 113n39, 114n55, 115,
123, 127n2, 138, 146nl, 146n3, 147nl6,
153, 164n3, 164n6, 164nl0, 192-5,
199n41, 199n42, 200n60, 202n99, 205,
Index 237
215, 217, 219n9, 219nl0, 220nl4; aim
to destroy terrorists 76; authorized as
speaker 10; Beslan address 219n6;
bombing civilians 172-3; calls for unity
94, 144; controversial statement 100;
draft plans for oil pipeline 156; fighting
terrorist threat 163; framing of
Maskhadov 105; freedom of the press
220n28; FSB Chief 60, 63, 67n71, 140;
government 152; imagery of Russia 98;
jackals 129n45; Khasavyurt Accord
78-9; meeting 106; narrative 99; press
conference 82n38; promise to destroy
bandits 171; proposal to replace
elections 208; regime 8, 109, 209;
rejected Maskhadov’s proposal 83n44;
rise to power 32, 36, 207, 219n8; speech
219n7; state honours for servicemen
142; state sense 122
Radical Islam 2; Radical Islamic threat 4,
62
Ram, H. 86-90, 95nl
Ramzan Dzhabarov 119, 127nl6
Ramzan Kadyrov 128n25, 205
rape 132-3, i47nl3, 181^1, 197nl0,
198n23, 198n29, 200n62
registered 166n49; see also unregistered
registration 46, 166n46; denied 159,
167n54; documents required 166n49;
requirements 157, 160-1; of temporary
residents 158
re-registration 152, 159, 162, 164; of
Caucasians 167n61
Ringmar, E. 213, 220nl7
Russell, J. 15n24, 67n70, 88, 95nll,
96nl5, 96n22, 198n21
Russian 203; demonisation of Chechens
67n70, 96nl5; republic 1, 4, 12; White
House 207
Russian Federal Assembly 47-9, 99, 108,
110, 152, 154, 163, 210; Chairman 104;
Federation Council, Presidential
Address 14nl4, 220n22
Russian Federal Council 65n9, 79, 208;
Speaker 114n62
Russian Federation 2, 58, 65n3, 76, 80, 92,
106, 127n4, 134, 136, 141, 153-6,
165n34, 171, 187-8, 197n8, 206,
213-14, 221n30; Armed Forces (OGV)
165n28; bombing 177nl7; Chechens
detained 161; collapse of 100;
Communist Party 91, 96n30; damage to
security 107; Heroes of 142; human
rights 167n54, 192; laws 75, 159,
166n39; military forces 57, 102;
Minister for Internal Affairs 65n9;
Security Council 60; violence against
citizens 216—17
Russian Federation Council 54, 74, 76, 99,
112nl, 152—3; Chair of the Committee
on Constitutional Laws 106; debates
47-8, 73; head of 107, 113n36;
members 173
Russian Federation Federal Security
Service (FSB) 53, 61-2, 64, 67n46, 72,
86, 112n3, 143, 147nl4, 165nl9,
165n28, 199n34; accounts 132, 135;
Chief 63, 67n71, 140, 208; Director 74;
documentation of Maskhadov 218;
representations 94
Russian identity 27, 41n39, 80, 93-4, 146;
articulation 102, 214; boundaries of 44;
construction of 79, 219n6; core elements
126; ethnic nationalist 219n7; formation
206; national 87; official articulation
110, 144; re-articulation of 8, 78, 122,
124, 143, 207; re-constituted 19;
reconstruction of 140; state 88
Russian Security Council 69; secretary
68n72
Russian soldiers 76, 89, 131, 139, 142,
188, 211; advancing into Chechnya 137;
atrocities 191, 195; attacked by Chechen
militants 55, 180; executed civilians
182; held hostage 189; killed 82n39;
tortured 187; troops 1, 61, 64, 65n9, 75,
102, 107, 202n96; victims 124
Russian warfare 3; in the Caucasus 52,
171; warfare in Chechnya 173
Russo-Chechen conflict 1-2, 4, 15n24;
relations 3, 124, 205
Rybkin, Ivan 55-8, 66nl4, 66nl5, 66nl6,
66n21, 68n72
Sakwa, R. 13n2, 15n24, 177nl6
Salter, M.B. 16n36, 26, 33, 41n43, 42n76
Saussure, F.de 22, 40n23
schools 29, 142, 163, 178n28
Second World War 104, 113n25, 118
securitization 8-9, 15n23, 16n38, 24, 31,
39nl; of Chechen threat 32, 45, 78-9,
86, 103, 158, 192, 206, 208, 212; current
approach 41n53; facilitate or impede 33,
39n8; fails 35; macro 14nl9; politics of
16n45; re-reading 10; second generation
11, 19; speech act 22, 25; study of 5, 7,
28, 43n87; successful 29; of terrorist
238 Index
securitization continued
threat 64, 160; vehicles for 40n32;
versions of 13n4, 37, 53; and war 12,
27, 30, 38-9, 130, 204
securitization intersubjective process 116,
211—12; of legitimation 204
securitization mechanism 30; causal
40nl9; for social cohesion 206
securitization post-structuralist approach
28, 194; reading 3, 8, 10-11, 16n45, 29,
35-6, 38-9; theory 23, 26, 32, 37
securitization process 9—10, 14nl9, 21, 29,
49, 211; actors empowered 31—2, 111;
classification/representation agreed 204;
conceptualization of audience
acceptance 37; core 7; emergency
measures enabled 28, 30; intersubjective
23; linguistic and material practices 70;
meanings of security 43n85;
reconsidered 6; three components 20;
unknown to Russian public 209
securitization theory, post-Copenhagen
School 8; see also Copenhagen School
securitization theory, post-Copenhagen
School securitization theory
securitizing actors 7, 19—22, 24, 30-1, 35,
38, 39n8, 45, 98, 204, 211,215
Self/Other boundary 21; post-structuralist
literature 7, 13n5
separatists 54, 63, 141
significant audience 7, 20, 22, 35
slavery 71, 132, 147nll
slaves 132, 186; trade 102
Slavic 79; appearance 134; non-Slavic
216; Slavophilism 91
Slavs 84n62, 157; non-Slavs 87
Smith, G. 91, 97n32, 97n35, 97n51
Snetkov, A. 5, 14n23, 16n35
State Duma see Duma
Stepashin, Sergey 13n6, 57, 59-62, 67n46,
67n63, 69-70, 100, 103, 109, 112n8,
113n21, 153
Stritzel, H. 9-10, 16n36, 16n54, 17n55,
25, 31, 33, 40n21, 41n42, 42n63, 42n65,
42n69
Taureck, R. 16n36, 40nl 1, 40n21
terrorist 6, 29, 45, 59, 62, 64, 71, 74-6, 81,
90, 105, 119, 136, 138, 140, 146nl, 187,
218; acts 4, 63, 72, 83n50, 87, 109,
113n24, 145, 164nll, 166n48, 172, 175;
bands 83n44, 113n22, 137; bases 131,
155, 177n5; bombings 70, 76; camp 2,
60, 176, 185, 215; Chechen regime 104;
crimes 199n34; danger 157; discourse 5;
International 219n8; intervention
129n45; label 126, 212; leader 219;
methods 77; movements 135;
organizations 103, 165nl9; Other 144;
problem 192; scare 163; talk 101, 206;
war 78, 112n2, 117-18, 134, 205
terrorist attacks 53, 58, 72, 134, 140, 142,
145, 208; against federal forces 194; in
Moscow 2, 137, 160—1, 218; in Russian
cities 139; in Volgodonsk 75, 158
terrorists 4, 12, 54, 56, 67n70, 70-1, 74-6,
82n24, 83n50, 83n53, 96nl5, 100, 117,
125, 128n41, 142, 169-73, 175-6,
180-1, 187, 192-3, 195, 199n47,
200n60, 214, 221n30; accomplice 105,
218; categorization as 6, 58, 77, 87, 90,
199n45; Chechen 119-20, 131, 174,
213; collusion with 129n45;
dehumanized 78, 136, 186; destroy 73,
109, 128n38, 189, 200n72; international
72, 83n44, 102, 154; neutralizing
165nll; normal 127nl6; potential 159,
208; qualified 121; suspected 163;
women 134
terrorist threat 5, 7, 12, 75, 78, 81, 82n30,
93-4, 104, 108-9, 119, 121-2, 126, 131,
138, 163, 172-3, 185-6, 205-6, 218;
Chechen 70, 77, 90, 156, 158-9, 183,
212, 215; existential 2, 11, 24, 31,
79-80, 101-2, 111, 116, 124, 127, 140,
143, 151, 157, 161, 164, 168, 174, 176,
188, 192, 194—5, 210—11, 214, 217;
international 34, 64, 110, 135, 144, 189;
securitization 160, 207, 209, 216
Tishkov, V. 15n24, 125, 129n67
Tolz, V. 87, 91, 95n8, 95n9
torture(d) 4, 9, 19, 29, 74, 140, 181, 184-5,
187-9, 193, 196n2, 197nl5, 198n23,
199n33, 199n36, 200n61, 200n65, 216;
of children 198n29; claims 201n92;
methods 182—3; reports 201n93
torturers 123, 128n38, 189
Trenin, D. 13nl0, 15n24, 179n38
Unified Group of the Russian Federation
Armed Forces (OGV) 165n28
unregistered 159, 185; deportation of non-
registered people 158
Urban, J.B. 92, 97n37
Vladikavkaz 63, 67n71, 134, 136
Volgograd 4, 134, 158, 161
Vuori, J. 16n36, 39nl7, 43n86, 43n87
Index 239
Wagnsson, C. 13n8, 42n78, 84n63, 127n4
Wahhabi Islam 62-3, 70, 76-7, 119, 188;
bases 135; strongholds 134
war 2-3, 12, 13n7, 14nl9, 26, 37, 44, 47,
55, 70-1, 77, 81, 85-6, 90, 94, 99, 115,
117-18, 126, 130, 137, 140, 160, 163,
168, 174, 180, 190, 203-6, 208, 211-14,
216; acceptable 6—9, 11, 18, 23, 34; art
of 199n47; beginning of 171, 198n28,
220n30; call to 56, 95, 210, 215;
Caucasian 123; civil 57; civilians died
177nl6; Cold 13n4, 39n8, 41n39;
conduct of servicemen 154;
consequence of 83n60; cost of 54;
counter-insurgency 183; crimes 1,
177nl 1, 191, 200n71, 217; criticisms of
193; in Dagestan 76, 135, 157; declared
72; discourse of 45—6, 79, 86, 108, 143,
146; fostered by enemies 120; fuelling
114n61; full-scale 62, 67n68, 101; Great
Patriotic 97n30; guerrilla warfare 182;
human rights violations 196; illegal and
extreme methods 187; information 175;
in Iraq 5, 8, 14n20, 43n85; legitimate
undertaking 219n2; new 111-12, 156;
official securitization 192; outbreak of
84n64; pay for 104; policy of 52-3, 116;
policy legitimized 36, 49; progressed
176; propaganda 153; public opinion
181; real 113n24; retaliation 139;
securitization for 19, 30, 38-9;
securitizing narrative 27, 103, 173, 194;
against terrorism 121, 207; terrorist 74,
78, 112n2, 134, 205; times of 144-5;
unfolded 88; waged 80, 167n68; see
also human cost of war
war against Chechnya 3, 75, 146; all-out
79, 107; new 1, 11, 36-7, 115, 130, 168;
public acceptance 13n2; second 111,
126
war in Chechnya 1, 13n3, 15n24, 56, 62,
199n49, 216; evolving 136; first 115,
141; first post-Soviet 4; human cost 89;
public opinion against 181; second all-
out 145
warlords 2; Chechen 82n24, 89, 96n22, 99,
119, 138, 200n71; radical 138
war-mongering 210; leadership 204;
political leadership 206
War on Terror 14nl9, 15n28, 121;
America’s 14n20; legitimized breaches
of human rights 6; Russia’s version 5,
15n24, 136, 198n21, 219n8
war/warfare practices 6, 44, 183, 188, 196;
brutal 15n23; made legitimate 3, 194,
216; material 12; physical 146, 151,
215; Russian 181; unacceptable 180
Waever, O. 7-9, 13n4, 14nl9, 15n30,
18-22, 24, 31, 33, 35, 39n4, 39n5, 39n7,
4On 18, 40n20, 41n39, 41n45, 42n74,
43n88, 164nl, 204, 220n24
Wilhelmsen, J. 13n9, 13nl0, 127n2,
219n2, 220n28
Wilkinson, C. 28, 41n52, 43n86
Williams, M.C. 2, 14nl2, 16n37, 40n32
women 127, 129n45, 132, 134, 176,
178n28, 182-4; Russian 89
xenophobia 216
Yeltsin, President Boris 54—8, 66nl3,
66nl4, 69, 72-3, 75, 77, 81nl4, 82n20,
90, 96nl3, 114n62, 199n41, 200n60,
207, 209; choice of FSB chief 208;
government 91; impeachment process
against 111; period 110; regime 61-2,
87, 94, 104, 111, 115, 122, 140, 153,
205—6; Russia 92; signed agreement 100
zachistki (cleansing operations) 50, 102,
175, 180-3, 185-6, 189-95, 197nl3,
199n55, 200n71, 216
Zyuganov, G.A. 55, 62, 67n64, 91-2,
96n30, 97n33, 97n35, 100, 104-5, 108,
112n7, 113n25, 113n26, 113n33,
114n51, 114n55, 114n61
(
i
o:iOC«töK
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Wilhelmsen, Julie 1969- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)101554424X |
| author_facet | Wilhelmsen, Julie 1969- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Wilhelmsen, Julie 1969- |
| author_variant | j w jw |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV044227088 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)991549413 (DE-599)BVBBV044227088 |
| era | Geschichte 1999-2001 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1999-2001 |
| format | Thesis Book |
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| genre | (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Hochschulschrift |
| geographic | Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Russland |
| id | DE-604.BV044227088 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T07:47:08Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781138187139 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-029632846 |
| oclc_num | 991549413 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | vii, 239 Seiten |
| publishDate | 2017 |
| publishDateSearch | 2017 |
| publishDateSort | 2017 |
| publisher | Routledge |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Routledge critical terrorism studies |
| spelling | Wilhelmsen, Julie 1969- Verfasser (DE-588)101554424X aut Russia's securitization of Chechnya how war became acceptable Julie Wilhelmsen London ; New York Routledge 2017 vii, 239 Seiten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Routledge critical terrorism studies Includes bibliographical references (pages 222-230) and index Dissertation basiert auf einer Dissertation Geschichte 1999-2001 gnd rswk-swf Terrorismus Motiv (DE-588)4482648-5 gnd rswk-swf Zweiter Tschetschenienkrieg (DE-588)4632776-9 gnd rswk-swf Legitimation (DE-588)4114382-6 gnd rswk-swf Terrorismus (DE-588)4059534-1 gnd rswk-swf Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 g Legitimation (DE-588)4114382-6 s Zweiter Tschetschenienkrieg (DE-588)4632776-9 s Terrorismus Motiv (DE-588)4482648-5 s Geschichte 1999-2001 z DE-604 Terrorismus (DE-588)4059534-1 s 1\p DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-1-315-64335-9 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029632846&sequence=000004&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029632846&sequence=000005&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029632846&sequence=000006&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Wilhelmsen, Julie 1969- Russia's securitization of Chechnya how war became acceptable Terrorismus Motiv (DE-588)4482648-5 gnd Zweiter Tschetschenienkrieg (DE-588)4632776-9 gnd Legitimation (DE-588)4114382-6 gnd Terrorismus (DE-588)4059534-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4482648-5 (DE-588)4632776-9 (DE-588)4114382-6 (DE-588)4059534-1 (DE-588)4076899-5 (DE-588)4113937-9 |
| title | Russia's securitization of Chechnya how war became acceptable |
| title_auth | Russia's securitization of Chechnya how war became acceptable |
| title_exact_search | Russia's securitization of Chechnya how war became acceptable |
| title_full | Russia's securitization of Chechnya how war became acceptable Julie Wilhelmsen |
| title_fullStr | Russia's securitization of Chechnya how war became acceptable Julie Wilhelmsen |
| title_full_unstemmed | Russia's securitization of Chechnya how war became acceptable Julie Wilhelmsen |
| title_short | Russia's securitization of Chechnya |
| title_sort | russia s securitization of chechnya how war became acceptable |
| title_sub | how war became acceptable |
| topic | Terrorismus Motiv (DE-588)4482648-5 gnd Zweiter Tschetschenienkrieg (DE-588)4632776-9 gnd Legitimation (DE-588)4114382-6 gnd Terrorismus (DE-588)4059534-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Terrorismus Motiv Zweiter Tschetschenienkrieg Legitimation Terrorismus Russland Hochschulschrift |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029632846&sequence=000004&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029632846&sequence=000005&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029632846&sequence=000006&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT wilhelmsenjulie russiassecuritizationofchechnyahowwarbecameacceptable |