Statistics with R: a beginner's guide
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Los Angeles ; London ; New Delhi ; Singapore ; Washington DC ; Melbourne
Sage
2018
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | xix, 369 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme |
| ISBN: | 9781473924895 9781473924901 |
Internformat
MARC
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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|---|---|
| adam_text | CONTENTS
Online Resources xi
About the Author xiii
Acknowledgements xv
Preface xvii
1 Introduction and R Instructions 1
Basic Terminology 2
Data: Qualitative or Quantitative 5
Data: Cross-Sectional or Longitudinal 7
Descriptive Statistics 9
Probability 9
Statistics: Estimation and Inference 10
Summary 11
Appendix: An Introduction to R 14
Our Approach to Writing This Book 26
2 Descriptive Statistics: Tabular and Graphical Methods 27
Methods of Presenting Qualitative Data 28
Methods of Presenting Quantitative Data 33
Cross-tabulations and Scatter Plots 36
Summary 44
Appendix: Basic Data Manipulation 47
3 Descriptive Statistics: Numerical Methods 55
Measures of Central Tendency 56
Measures of Location 59
Exploratory Data Analysis: The Box Plot Display 60
Measures of Variability 62
The z-Score: A Measure of Relative Location 65
Measures of Association; The Bivariate Case 69
The Geometric Mean 74
Summary 77
Appendix: Vectorization 80
4 Introduction to Probability 83
Some Important Definitions 84
Counting Rules 85
viii O
CONTENTS
Assigning Probabilities 89
Events and Probabilities 91
Probabilities of Unions and Intersections of Events 94
Conditional Probability 98
Bayes7 Theorem 102
Summary 104
5 Discrete Probability Distributions 109
Some Important Definitions 110
The Discrete Uniform Probability Distribution 112
The Expected Value and Standard Deviation of a Discrete Random Variable 114
The Binomial Probability Distribution 115
The Poisson Probability Distribution 121
The Hypergeometric Probability Distribution 126
The Hypergeometric Probability Distribution: The General Case 129
Summary 131
Appendix: Using R to Find Probabilities—Binomial, Poisson, and Hypergeometric 134
6 Continuous Probability Distributions 137
Continuous Uniform Probability Distribution 138
Normal Probability Distribution 142
Exponential Probability Distribution 152
Optional Material: A Derivation of the Cumulative Exponential
Probability Function 157
Summary 158
Appendix: Using R to Find Probabilities for Continuous Probability
Distributions—Uniform, Standard Normal, General Normal, and Exponential 160
7 Point Estimation and Sampling Distributions 165
Populations and Samples 167
The Simple Random Sample 168
The Sample Statistic: xt s, and p 171
The Sampling Distribution of x 171
The Sampling Distribution of p 178
Some Other Commonly Used Sampling Methods 182
Summary 185
Appendix: Using R to Select a Random Sample from a Data Set 188
8 Confidence Interval Estimation 191
Interval Estimate of p When a is Known 193
Interval Estimate of p When a is Unknown 198
Sample Size Determination in the Case of p 205
Interval Estimate of p 206
CONTENTS
O ix
Sample Size Determination in the Case of p 208
Summary 210
9 Hypothesis Tests: Introduction, Basic Concepts, and an Example 215
Summary 226
10 Hypothesis Tests about Means and Proportions: Applications 231
The Lower-Tail Hypothesis Test about /z: a is Known 232
The Two-Tail Hypothesis Test about /z: a is Known 235
The Upper-Tail Hypothesis Test about /z: a is Unknown 237
The Two-Tail Hypothesis Test about ju: a is Unknown 240
Hypothesis Tests about p 242
Calculating the Probability of a Type II Error: p 247
Adjusting the Sample Size to Control the Size of p 250
Summary 252
11 Comparisons of Means and Proportions 25 7
The Difference between fix and /z2: Independent Samples 258
The Difference between ¡ix and /z2: Paired Samples 264
The Difference between px and p2: Independent Samples 271
Summary 276
12 Simple Linear Regression 283
Simple Linear Regression: The Model 284
The Estimated Regression Equation 285
Goodness of Fit: The Coefficient of Determination, i2 291
The Hypothesis Test about px 296
Alternative Approaches to Testing Significance 302
So Far, We Have Tested Only bx; Will We Also Test b0? 303
Assumptions: What Are They? 304
Assumptions: How Are They Validated? 305
Optional Material: Derivation of the Expressions for the
Least Square Estimates of po and px 309
Summary 311
13 Multiple Regression 319
Simple Linear Regression: A Reprise 320
Multiple Regression: The Model 324
Multiple Regression: The Multiple Regression Equation 325
The Estimated Multiple Regression Equation 325
Multiple Regression: Two Independent Variables 326
Assumptions: What Are They? Can We Validate Them? 335
Tests of Significance: The Overall Regression Model 336
X
O
CONTENTS
Tests of Significance: The Independent Variables 340
There Must Be An Easier Way Than This, Right? 344
Using the Estimated Regression Equation for Prediction 345
Independent Variable Selection: The Best-Subsets Method 346
Summary 353
Index
363
|
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| discipline | Informatik Soziologie Psychologie Mathematik Wirtschaftswissenschaften |
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| spelling | Stinerock, Robert Verfasser (DE-588)1152271407 aut Statistics with R a beginner's guide Robert Stinerock Los Angeles ; London ; New Delhi ; Singapore ; Washington DC ; Melbourne Sage 2018 xix, 369 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier R Programm (DE-588)4705956-4 gnd rswk-swf Statistik (DE-588)4056995-0 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4123623-3 Lehrbuch gnd-content Statistik (DE-588)4056995-0 s R Programm (DE-588)4705956-4 s DE-604 Digitalisierung UB Passau - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029631258&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
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| title | Statistics with R a beginner's guide |
| title_auth | Statistics with R a beginner's guide |
| title_exact_search | Statistics with R a beginner's guide |
| title_full | Statistics with R a beginner's guide Robert Stinerock |
| title_fullStr | Statistics with R a beginner's guide Robert Stinerock |
| title_full_unstemmed | Statistics with R a beginner's guide Robert Stinerock |
| title_short | Statistics with R |
| title_sort | statistics with r a beginner s guide |
| title_sub | a beginner's guide |
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| topic_facet | R Programm Statistik Lehrbuch |
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