Russia's impact on EU policy transfer to the post-Soviet space: the contested neighborhood
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
London ; New York
Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
2017
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Routledge/UACES contemporary European studies series
33 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Literaturverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register |
| Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references (pages 226-262) and index ; revised dissertation |
| Beschreibung: | xiii, 274 Seiten Diagramme |
| ISBN: | 9781138944244 |
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Contents
List of illustrations viii
Acknowledgement ix
List of abbreviations x
1 Introduction 1
2 Theorizing Russia’s impact on neighborhood Europeanization 14
3 Constraining EU policy transfer? A bird’s-eye view 45
4 Migration management 102
5 Energy diversification 149
6 Anchoring policy change in times of crisis 185
7 Conclusion 206
Appendix: Interviews 220
References 226
Index 263
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Index
A A (Association Agreements) 12, 31,
38-9, 185, 186, 205; 2013 Vilnius
Eastern Partnership Summit 185, 188,
192, 194, 197; choosing between
competing integration regimes 186-8,
199 (mutual exclusivity 186-7, 194);
EEUCU/AA, DCFTA choice 12, 186,
186-7, 188, 189, 195, 196, 202;
DCFTA 186-7, 188, 190-4, 196-7,
199-203, 204, 205; declining to sign
AA 4, 9, 38-9, 43, 100, 185, 199,
201-202, 204, 215; multiple external
constraints 12, 185, 187; multiple
external incentives 31, 187; ‘pre-
ferential fit/external incentives’ inter-
play 9, 12, 185-6, 188, 203, 204, 207;
preferential fit of domestic actor/elite
12, 187, 204, 208-209, 215; signing
AA 185, 189-91, 196-7, 203; see also
Armenia and the AA; Georgia and the
AA; Moldova; Russia and the AA;
Ukraine
Abashidze, Aslan 93, 95, 98
Abkhazia 56, 82, 91, 93, 101, 155, 190-1;
Georgian hydropower plant 62
Abrahamyan, Hovik 134, 135, 195
Adeishvili, Zurab 120-1
Adjaria 79, 91, 93, 95, 98, 164
AENEAS (financial/technical assistance
program for migration and asylum)
81, 115, 126, 133, 134
AEPLAC (Armenian-European Policy
and Legal Advice Center) 139, 140
agency 3-4, 6; agency-centered factors
and compliance 20; agency-centered
perspective 3, 6, 7, 16; neighborhood
Europeanization in agency-centered
framework 27-36, 45, 206-207; see
also external incentives; preferential fit
ARF (Armenian Revolutionary
Federation-Dashnaktsutyun) 89, 90,
124, 133-4, 136, 138, 142
Armenia 1, 2, 39-42; Nagorno-
Karabakh conflict 56-7, 88, 89, 91,
126, 169, 193-6; assistance/ capacity
building 57, 80-3; CIS 23; CSTO 23,
132; EEU 23, 42, 195, 196; external
incentives 41-2; JLS 47, 57-60, 64-5,
68, 69, 72, 79, 81, 213; Russian mili-
tary involvement in 56-7, 193-4; see
also the entries below for Armenia
Armenia and the A A 12, 42, 100, 191-6;
CU 12, 43, 185, 191, 192-6 (shallow
compliance with 12, 186, 191, 194,
204, 205); declining to sign AA 100,
185, 204; preferential fit 191-3, 204;
Russia, rivaling policy conditionality
191, 193-4, 196, 204; see also AA '
Armenian domestic structures: author-
itarian tendencies 40-1; civil society
87, 101; corruption 59, 76, 79;
democratic transition 41; domestic
compatibility with Russia 79; eco-
nomic freedom and transition to a
market economy 74—7; government-
associated elite constellation 87-91,
98-9; hybrid regime 30, 39, 79, 87,
216; nationalism: hay dat, Araratism,
Miazum 91, 98, 124; rule of law 74,
75, 79; state capacity 77-9, 129; see
also Armenia; Armenian elections
Armenian elections 209; 1990 parlia-
mentary elections 41; 2003 presidential
election 40, 90; 2007 parliamentary
elections 40, 90; 2008 presidential
election 40, 90; 2012 parliamentary
elections 40-1; 2013 presidential
election 41; biometric passport 131-2
264 Index
Armenian energy diversification 2, 11-12,
52,168-80, 208; Armenia/Georgia
comparison 180-3; ArmRosGazprom
179, 193; capacity building 169-70,
173, 183; electricity 62, 150, 151-2,
169-74; ENP, full compliance 149,
180-1; ENP, non-compliance 66, 149,
168-9, 173-4, 176-7; ENP, shallow
compliance 179, 180, 182; Hrazdan
thermal power plant 86, 172, 179;
hydropower 51, 151, 169-73, 181, 183;
Iranian-Armenian gas pipeline 86,
177-80, 184; Kocharyan, Robert 169,
170, 175, 179,180; Lake Sevan 169,
170; Medzamor nuclear power 62,
173- 7, 182, 210 (closure of 12, 50, 52,
66, 83, 85-6, 87, 149, 150, 151, 173,
176; costs of closure 174, 182; new NPP
173, 175-7, 212); policies, polities and
politics misfits 150-2; policy con-
ditionality 173, 175-6, 210; preferential
fit 180, 183; preferential misfit 177;
privatization 169, 171, 175; regional
diversification 150, 177-80, 182;
renewable energy 51, 65, 73, 83, 149,
151-2, 169-73, 181, 183; Ter-
Petrosyan, Levon 169, 170, 171, 173;
USAID 170, 171, 174, 183; see also
Armenian energy diversification and
Russia; energy diversification
Armenian energy diversification and
Russia 183; asymmetric inter-
dependence favoring Russia 60-1, 62-3,
149, 184, 213; debt owed to Russia 86,
172, 174, 178, 193; gas supply 86, 149,
150, 165, 177-8, 179, 180; Gazprom
86, 178, 179, 193; negative incentives
facilitating reform 12, 86, 170-1, 173;
non-compliance regarding Medzamor
174- 7, 212; rivaling policy con-
ditionality 176-7, 178-80, 182, 210;
Russian state companies supporting
reform implementation 171—2;
strategic investments in infrastructure
149; see also Armenian energy
diversification
Armenian migration management 2, 11,
102, 103, 133, 123-40; Armenia/
Georgia comparison 140-4; capacity
building 128-9, 130-1, 132-3, 137-8,
139, 140, 144. 212; Compatriots Pro-
gram 11, 136-7, 143; CSTO 132; data
protection 47, 105-106, 138-40;
Department for Refugees and
Migration 105; DMR 124, 125, 126;
document security 65, 104, 129-33
(biometric passport 129-32, 138, 140,
143, 144); ENP, full compliance 11,
123, 126, 127, 132, 135, 138, 140;
ENP, shallow compliance 102, 139-40;
external incentives 127-8, 129, 132;
FMS 127, 136, 143; emigration,
reduction of 11, 124-5, 129, 140; IOM
72, 126, 127, 130, 133, 138, 140; JLS
sub-committee 127, 131, 138; Kochar-
yan, Robert 124, 129, 130, 134-5, 138,
140; MFA 128, 133; Migration
Agency 104, 126, 133^4, 135; national
action plans on migration and asylum
133-8, 212; policy and politics misfits
103-106; policy conditionality, lack of
131-2; preferential fit 124-5, 127,
128-9, 132, 138; preferential misfit
140; readmission 11, 65, 102, 103,
124-9, 140-1; Russia 126-7, 136-7,
138, 140, 142, 143, 144; Sargsyan,
Serzh 129, 130, 134-5, 136, 140; visa
facilitation 42, 81, 127-8, 137; visa
liberalization 42, 125, 128, 131, 137;
see also migration management
Âslund, Anders 202
authoritarian regime 9, 15, 216; Armenia
40-1; compliance with EU policies 16;
domestic change 16; Georgia 41;
interest to stay in power 15-16; Russia
40, 41; see also semi-democratic
regime
Azerbaijan 71, 91, 128, 150, 193, 216;
Nagorno-Karabakh conflict 56-7, 88,
89, 91, 126,169, 193-6; gas supply 162,
163, 165-8, 169; ; Shah Deniz gas
fields 162
Belarus 13, 59, 198, 216
Bendukidze, Kakha 93, 95-6, 97, 154, 155
Bertelsmann Foundation 30; BTI27, 76-7
Black Sea Synergy Initiative 71
Bogner, Alexander 44
BOMCA (Border Management Program
for Central Asia) 46
Borzel, Tanja A. 34
BSEC (Organization of the Black Sea
Economic Cooperation) 71
Buijanadze, Nino 93, 94-5, 96, 164
capacity building 34-6, 80, 207, 211;
Armenia 80-3 (energy diversification
169-70, 173, 183; migration
Index 265
management 128-9, 130-1, 132-3,
137-8, 139, 140, 144, 212); definition
34, 36; energy policy 12, 82-3; ENP,
full compliance 35; ENP, non-
compliance 36; EU 36, 80; explaining
variation in compliance patterns 11,
66, 81-3, 100; Georgia 80-3 (energy
diversification 155-7, 158-62, 168,
183; migration management 110, 114,
119, 120, 123, 143-4, 212); JLS 81-2;
measurement of 36; migration man-
agement 11, 143—4; preferential fit 35,
211-12; preferential misfit 36, 211;
‘reinforcement by support’ 34; rivaling
capacity building 35; Russia 35, 80,
81-2, 83 (CIS agreements 36, 81);
socialization 34, 80; Ukraine 34
CEEC (Central and Eastern European
countries) 1, 5, 25, 29
CIS (Commonwealth of Independent
States) 8, 13, 57, 213, 215; Armenia
23; capacity building 36, 81; CIS
Charter 46; energy policy 50-2, 55, 68,
71, 73; Georgia 23, 92; institutionali-
zation 24; JLS 46-7, 69-70, 72, 85;
migration management 46-7; policy
convergence/divergence 23; rule
codification 66-7, 68; Ukraine 6, 203;
visa-free regime with Russia 59, 85
civil society 87, 101, 119, 217-18; weak
civil society 28, 29, 87, 208
Civil Society Facility 217-18
CNC (Caucasian neighborhood coun-
tries) 48, 58, 59, 60
CoE (Council of Europe): Convention
and additional protocol on super-
visory authorities 139; Convention on
Laundering, Search, Seizure and Con-
fiscation of the Proceeds from Crime
46, 67; Convention for the Protection
of Individuals with regard to the
Automatic Processing of Personal
Data 47, 68, 105-106, 120
compliance 17-19; agency-centered fac-
tors 20, 27-36; capacity building 11,
34-36, 66, 80-3, 100; compliance with
ENP Action Plans 3^4, 14, 17-19;
‘convergence’ 17-18; definition 19;
domestic compatibility 66, 74-80, 100;
emerging compliance 19, 43, 63-65;
external incentives 11, 27, 30-34, 66,
83-7, 100, 110, 116, 120, 123, 124,
129, 137, 142, 143, 167, 182, 188, 207,
209; ENP, full compliance 19, 32, 33,
35, 63, 206-207 (Armenia [energy
diversification 149, 180-1; migration
management 11, 123, 126, 127, 133,
135, 138, 140); Georgia [energy diver-
sification 149, 154-6, 167-8, 180, 210;
migration management 109-10, 112,
114, 218]); institutional setting 66-74,
100; ENP, non-compliance 3, 4, 19,
26, 32-35, 63, 206-207, 209, 2010
(Armenia [energy diversification 66,
149, 168-9, 173—4, 176-7; JLS 64];
Georgia [energy 65-6; energy diversifi-
cation 152, 160-1, 181-2; JLS 64, 106;
migration management 110, 115-16,
119, 141]); policy conditionality 3-4,
11, 14, 31, 32, 83-7, 100, 108, 120,
142, 161, 188, 207, 209; preferential
fit/ preferential misfit 3-4, 11, 14,
27-30, 31, 32, 35, 87-99, 100, 119,
129, 140-143, 164, 180, 208, 209;
‘preferential fit/policy conditionality’
interplay 3, 4, 32, 33, 207, 208, 210,
214; Russia, rivaling policy con-
ditionality 4, 9, 32, 164, 167, 168,
176-178, 180-182, 209, 210; ENP,
shallow compliance 3, 9, 19, 32, 43,
63, 205, 206-209 (Armenia [energy
diversification 179, 180, 182; JLS 64,
102; migration management 102];
Georgia [energy diversification 180,
182; JLS 64, 102; migration manage-
ment 11, 102, 118-19, 120, 122-3,
142]); rationalist institutionalism
15-17, 19-20; a result of cost-benefit
analysis 5, 16, 19-20; see also energy
policy, compliance patterns; JLS,
compliance patterns; ‘preferential fit/
policy conditionality’ interplay
constructivism 5, 16, 214
Cooperation Council 69, 70, 184
Copenhagen Criteria 5, 74
corruption 1, 48, 76; Armenia 59, 76, 79;
control of 27, 78; Georgia 59, 76, 79,
93, 94, 150, 152, 153, 155, 156, 158,
162, 182; Moldova 197, 198-9;
Ukraine 200-201
Council of the European Union 41, 43,
84, 108, 121
Crimea, annexed by Russia 185, 201-202
CSTO (Collective Security Treaty
Organization) 13; Armenia 23, 132;
JLS 46, 47; migration management
47, 132; policy convergence/divergence
23
266 Index
CU (Eurasian Customs Union) 2; AAJ
CU choice 12, 186; Armenia 12, 43,
185, 191, 192-6 (shallow compliance
with 12, 186, 191, 194, 204, 205);
Georgia 43; Ukraine 201
CUG (Citizen’s Union of Georgia) 93, 94
Czech Republic 27, 76, 109, 125, 127
data protection 11, 103; 1981 Convention
on Protection of Individuals Regard-
ing Automatic Processing of Personal
Data 47, 68, 105-106, 120; 2001
Additional Protocol to the Data Pro-
tection Convention 105, 122; Armenia
47, 105-106, 138—40; ENP Action
Plans 68, 105; Georgia 47, 105-106,
120-3, 142, 143, 212; policy and poli-
tics misfits 105; see also migration
management
DCFTA (Deep and Comprehensive Free
Trade Area) 31, 38, 186-7, 188, 190-4,
196-7; Armenia 42, 81; Georgia 42;
Ukraine 199-201, 202, 203, 205
DCI (Development Cooperation
Instrument) 80, 81, 82, 83
Demirchyan, Karen 89, 91
democracy 74, 217, 219; democratic
transition 1, 39, 41; democratization 5,
16; EU member states 39-40; Free-
dom House Index 39-40; ‘partly free’
country 39, 41; see also semi-
democratic regime
document security 11, 103; Armenia 65,
104, 129-33 (biometric passport 129—
32, 138, 140, 143, 144); biometric
passport 46, 47, 84, 111-14; Georgia
104, 110-14 (biometric passport 111-
14, 143-4, 145, 212); readmission 104;
see also migration management
domestic actor 14, 206-207, 208, 217;
empowerment of 3, 8, 28, 35, 115,
162, 177, 183, 211, 212; preferences
over outcomes 15-16; see also ENC;
executive actor; veto player
domestic compatibility 25-7, 207;
administrative system compatibility
26; Armenia’s/Georgia’s greater com-
patibility with Russia 79; democracy
74; domestic resonance hypothesis 26,
74, 213-14; Eastern ENC’s greater
compatibility with Russia 25, 79, 214;
economic freedom and transition to a
market economy 74-7, 79, 100; eco-
nomic system compatibility 26, 27;
ENC 3, 7, 14, 26; explaining variation
in compliance patterns 66, 74-9, 100;
measurement of 26-7, 44; policy-
specific misfit 26, 27-8; regime type
26-7; rule of law 27, 74, 75, 79, 89,
100, 214; state capacity 26, 27, 77-9,
100, 212, 214
DRC (Danish Refugee Council) 110,
115, 119, 126
drug trafficking 22, 46, 47, 48, 49, 81; see
also JLS
EaP (Eastern Partnership) 31, 69, 81,
189, 191; Eastern Partnership Summit
116,185, 188, 192, 194, 197; Moldova
196-7; state actors, focus on 28-9; visa
liberalization 84, 116, 122, 128; see
also visa liberalization
EBRD (European Bank for Reconstruc-
tion and Development) 73, 82, 155,
158, 172
EEC (Energy Efficiency Center Georgia)
157-8, 161
EEU (Eurasian Economic Union) 13, 24,
33, 217; AA/EEU choice 186-7, 188,
189, 195, 196, 202; Armenia 23, 42,
195, 196
EIB (European Investment Bank) 82,
115, 155, 158
EIU (Economist Intelligence Unit) 30,
37, 195
EKENG (e-Govemance Infrastructure
Implementation Unit) 130, 139
EMCDDA (European Monitoring
Center for Drugs and Drug Addic-
tion) 49
ENC (European neighborhood coun-
tries) 3, 6, 7, 219; domestic compat-
ibility 3, 7, 14, 26; empowerment of
reform coalitions 10; furthering the
domestic agenda 4, 7, 32; institutional
context 3, 7, 10, 14, 16; inter-
dependence with EU/Russia 3, 7, 14,
16 (ENC’s asymmetric inter-
dependence with Russia and CIS 6,
21, 56-7); semi-democratic regime 2,
206, 219
Energy Community 70-1, 85, 161
energy diversification 49, 54, 55, 63, 65,
66, 68, 149; capacity building 82-3;
ENP Action Plans 52, 150, 151, 152,
157; EU demands 2, 52, 87, 173; EU/
Russia policy divergence 52-3; PC A
52, 150, 151, 157; ‘preferential fitJ
Index 267
policy conditionality’ interplay 157,
183; socialization 12, 161-2, 168, 177,
180; see also Armenian energy diversi-
fication; energy policy; Georgian
energy diversification
energy interdependence 22, 60-3; Arme-
nia 60-1, 62-3, 149, 184, 213; asym-
metric interdependence 22;
asymmetric interdependence favoring
Russia 42, 61-3, 149, 162, 184, 213;
EU 60-1; Georgia 60-1, 62-3, 149,
162, 213; symmetric interdependence
22; see also energy policy
energy policy 2, 7, 12, 42, 149, 208; 1994
Energy Charter Treaty 50, 51, 53, 54,
55, 68; CIS 50-2, 55, 68, 71, 73;
energy efficiency 49, 51-2, 53, 54, 55,
63, 65, 68, 73, 83; Energy Efficiency
Protocol 50, 53, 54; ENP Action Plans
52, 83; EU 49, 51, 53, 60-1, 70, 83,
85-6, 87; EU/Russia cooperation
53-5; EU/Russia policy divergence 49,
52-3, 54-5, 63, 99, 149, 183, 213;
PCA 50, 52, 53, 68, 70; regulatory
convergence 49, 50-1, 53, 54—5, 63, 65,
68, 83, 149; renewable energy 11, 49,
51, 65, 70, 73, 83, 149; Russia 50-1,
52-3, 83, 86-7, 211-12, 213; Ukraine
51, 55; USA 73; see also energy
diversification; energy inter-
dependence; energy policy, compliance
energy policy, compliance patterns 63,
65-6, 99, 100; capacity building 12,
82-3; emerging compliance 65, 79,
149; institutionalization 70-2; inter-
nationalization 72-4; non-compliance
65-6; policy conditionality 85-7; rule
codification 68; see also compliance
ENI (European Neighborhood Instru-
ment) 80
ENP (European Neighborhood Policy) 1,
2; an alternative to enlargement 17;
countries included in 13; Eastern
dimension 13, 39; EU membership
perspective, absence of 1, 5, 6, 15, 29,
31; failure 1, 206; review 1, 206, 217,
218; socialization 6, 7; state actors,
focus on 28-9; Ukraine 6; see also the
entries below for ENP; neighborhood
Europeanization
ENP Action Plans 3, 43; compliance with
3-4, 14, 17-19; data protection 68,
105; energy diversification 52, 150,
151, 152, 157; energy policy 52, 83;
JLS 46, 47, 67, 69, 81, 84; migration
management 2, 11, 103, 104, 115;
neighborhood Europeanization 10; not
legally binding agreements 17; see also
ENP
ENPI (European Neighborhood and
Partnership Instrument) 36, 80, 81, 82,
111, 121, 155
EPC (Electric Power Council) 50-1
EU (European Union) 1; capacity build-
ing 36, 80; economic potential and
military capacity 56, 57, 101; energy
policy 49, 51, 53, 60-1, 70, 83, 85-6,
87; as external actor/foreign policy
agent 4, 16, 43; interdependence 56-7,
101 (energy interdependence 60-1;
JLS interdependence 57-9); policy
conditionality 3, 5, 31, 84, 85-6; see
also ENP; EU policy transfer;
EU/Russia rivalry; neighborhood
Europeanization; PCA
EU policy transfer 3, 206, 215, 219;
agency-centered approach 27-36; a
bottom-up process 10; domestic actor
3, 10, 15; executive actor 9, 28-9, 207,
208, 215; failed implementation 8;
lesson drawing 4, 7, 11, 12, 29, 133,
207; practical implications for design-
ing EU policy transfer 217-19; ‘pre-
ferential fit/policy conditionality’
interplay 14, 27, 35-6, 37; Russia,
impact on EU policy transfer in the
ENC 6-7, 42, 208-10, 214, 215, 219;
semi-democratic regime 2, 3, 208; a
strategic choice under multiple con-
straints 3, 4, 7, 10, 14, 15; structural
and institutional approach 20-7; suc-
cessful EU rule transfer 206; see also
domestic compatibility; ENP; external
incentives; institutional context;
interdependence; neighborhood Eur-
opeanization; policy conditionality;
preferential fit; ‘preferential fit/policy
conditionality’ interplay; Russian con-
straining effects on EU policy transfer;
Russian supportive effects on EU
policy transfer
EU/Russia rivalry 9, 10, 219; AA 198-9,
202, 203, 204, 205; competition over
policy change 1-2, 7-8; see also
Russia, rivaling policy conditionality
EurAsEc (Eurasian Economic Commu-
nity) 13, 186
Eurasian integration 2, 9, 13
268 Index
Eurojust (European Union Judicial
Cooperation Unit) 48, 105
European Community 50, 80, 126
Europol (European Police Office) 22, 47,
48, 49, 59, 60, 105
Eurostat 22, 37
Evans, Mark 18
executive actor 3, 9, 215; A A, pre-
ferential fit of domestic actor/elite 12,
187, 204, 208-209, 215; Armenia,
government-associated elite constella-
tion 79, 87-91, 98-9; constraining
domestic change 10, 209, 214, 215;
empowerment of 28-9, 208, 217; gate-
keeper 9, 214, 216; Georgia, govern-
ment-associated elite constellation 79,
91-9, 123, 152; EU policy transfer 9,
28-9, 207, 208, 215; hybrid regime 28,
208; see also domestic actor; ENC;
veto player
external actor 16, 214; competition of
external actors 15; EU and Russia as
external actors 16, 18, 43; see also EU;
Russia
external incentives 2, 3, 6, 7, 30-4,
187-8, 207; AA 12, 31, 187, 203, 204;
Armenia 41-2 (migration management
127-8, 129, 132); ENC 2, 3, 7; EU
membership incentive, absence of 1, 5,
6, 15, 29, 31; explaining variation in
compliance patterns 11, 66, 83-7, 100,
188; Georgia 41-2 (migration man-
agement 108-10, 116-17, 121-2, 123);
migration management 11, 143; pro-
vided by EU/Russia 2, 3, 7, 9, 31;
‘reinforcement by reward or punish-
ment’ 34; see also agency; EU policy
transfer; policy conditionality; ‘pre-
ferential fit/policy conditionality’
interplay; sanction; visa facilitation;
visa liberalization
FATF (Financial Action Task Force) 48
Filat, Vlad 196, 197, 199
FMS (Federal Migration Service) 127,
136, 143
Freedom House 26, 30, 37, 44; Freedom
House Index 39-40
Freyburg, Tina 24, 25
Frieden, Jeffrey 15, 30
FRONTEX (European Agency for the
Management of Operational Coop-
eration at the External Borders of the
Member States of the European
Union) 22, 46, 49
Fule, Stefan 194
Gachechiladze, Levan 96
Gamsakhurdia, Zviad 91-2
Gazprom 54, 55; Armenia 86, 178, 193;
Georgia 86, 163-7 passim; see also
Russia
GD (Georgian Dream) 41, 57, 93, 96-7,
114, 161, 167; AA 189-90, 191;
reconciliatory policy toward Russia
98, 99, 189; see also Ivanishvili,
Bidzina
Georgia 2, 39^12; 2003 Rose Revolution
41, 80, 92, 164, 168; 2006 Georgian-
Russian spy crisis 85, 165; 2008 war
with Russia 33, 55, 80, 107, 128, 144;
assistance/ capacity building 57, 80-3;
CIS 23, 92; CU 43; external incentives
41-2; JLS 47, 57-60, 64, 65, 67, 68,
69, 72, 81; Russian military involve-
ment in 56, 92, 93, 98; see also the
entries below for Georgia
Georgia and the AA 12, 42, 100, 188-91,
203-204; PCA 19; political polariza-
tion 185; preferential fit 189, 191;
Russian sanctions and the speeding up
of EU integration 12, 186, 190-1, 204;
signing A A 185, 189-91; see also A A
Georgian domestic structures:
anti-Russian rhetoric 96, 98, 99, 154;
authoritarian tendencies 41; civil
society 87, 101, 119; corruption 59, 76,
79, 93, 94, 150, 152, 153, 155, 156,
158, 162, 182; democratic transition
41; domestic compatibility with Russia
79; economic freedom and transition
to a market economy 75; government-
associated elite constellation 91-9,
152; hybrid regime 30, 39, 79, 87, 91,
216; liberalism 75, 95-6, 106, 115;
reconciliatory policy toward Russia
98, 99, 189; rule of law 74, 75; state
capacity 77-9; territorial integrity
97-8, 117, 190-1; see also Georgia;
Georgian elections
Georgian elections: 1990 presidential
election 41; 2003 parliamentary
elections 94-5, 164; 2004 presidential
election 92; 2006 elections 110; 2008
elections 96; 2012 parliamentary elec-
tions 41, 91, 93, 119; 2013 presidential
election 41, 91, 123; biometric ID/
Index 269
passport 112-13, 145; see also
Georgia
Georgian energy diversification 2, 11-12,
52, 152-68; Armenia/Georgia com-
parison 180-3; Azerbaijan 162, 163,
165-8; BTC pipeline 162; BTE
pipeline 162, 163, 164, 165-6; capacity
building 155-7, 158-62, 168, 183;
corruption 150, 152, 153, 155, 156,
158, 162, 182; electricity 62, 150,
151-7, 167, 184; energy efficiency
158-61, 212; Enguri hydropower plant
62, 82, 86, 155; ENP, full compliance
149, 154-5, 156, 167-8, 180, 210;
ENP, non-compliance 152, 160-1,
181-2; ENP, shallow compliance 180,
182; hydropower 51, 151, 152-7,
181-2, 183; Khudoni hydropower
project 156; Mozdok-Tbilisi pipeline
165; policies, polities and politics mis-
fits 150-2; preferential fit 11, 157, 164,
167, 168, 180, 182, 183; preferential
misfit 161-2, 181-2; privatization 153,
154, 155-6, 164, 181; regional diversi-
fication 150, 162-8, 182; renewable
energy 51, 65, 73, 83, 149, 151-2,
157-62, 183; Saakashvili, Mikheil
153-4, 155-6, 157, 158, 164, 166-7,
168, 182, 184; SCP 162;
Shevardnadze, Eduard 12, 152-3, 155,
156, 157, 162, 163, 164, 168, 181-2;
USA 12, 163, 164, 168, 182, 210;
USAID 155, 159, 160, 161, 183; see
also energy diversification; Georgian
energy diversification and Russia
Georgian energy diversification and
Russia 167-8, 183, 184, 212; asym-
metric interdependence favoring
Russia 60-1, 62-3, 149, 162, 213; debt
owed to Russia 86, 163; gas supply
86-7, 150, 153, 162, 165-6, 167;
Gazprom 86, 163-7 passim; negative
incentives facilitate reform 12, 87,
153-5, 156, 157, 165-6, 181; rivaling
policy conditionality 162-4, 167, 168,
182, 210; see also Georgian energy
diversification
Georgian migration management 2, 11,
103, 106-23; Armenia/Georgia com-
parison 140-4; capacity building 110,
114, 119, 120, 123, 143-4, 212; CRA
110-14, 116-19, 121, 131; data pro-
tection 47, 105-106, 120-3, 142, 143,
212; document security 104, 110-14
(biometric passport 111-14, 143^4,
145, 212); ENP, full compliance
109-10, 111, 114, 218; ENP, non-
compliance 110, 115-16, 120, 141;
ENP, shallow compliance 11, 102,
118-19, 120, 122-3, 142; external
incentives 108-10, 116-17, 121-2, 123;
IOM 107, 109, 110, 115, 118; MFA
109, 111, 115; MIA 109, 115; MRA
105, 109, 115, 116, 118, 120; national
action plan on migration and asylum
115-20, 142, 212; policy conditionality
107-108, 110, 111-12, 114, 120, 142,
143-4, 218; policy, polity, politics mis-
fits 103-106; ‘preferential fit/policy
conditionality’ interplay 120; pre-
ferential misfit 116, 120, 123, 142,
143-4; readmission 81, 103-104,
106-10, 142, 143-4, 212, 218 (imple-
mentation of 106-107, 108-10, 142,
209); Russia, passportization as nega-
tive incentive 11, 107, 110, 111, 114,
116, 120, 142, 211; Saakashvili,
Mikheil 106, 107, 114, 115, 119, 123,
141; Shevardnadze, Eduard 106; visa
facilitation 42, 81, 107-108, 110, 111,
116, 121, 128, 142, 211, 218; visa lib-
eralization 42, 109, 114, 116, 119, 123,
142, 209, 218; VLAP 109, 114, 116,
119, 122; see also migration
management
Gevorgyan, Armen 135
Gilauri, Nika 96, 164-5
GIZ (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Inter-
nationale Zusammenarbeit) 160, 161
governance: external governance 4, 22,
24, 213 (neighborhood Europeaniza-
tion 5-6, 20, 34); good governance 9,
74, 219
GUAM (Georgia, Ukraine, Azerbaijan,
Moldova) 71
Gurgenidze, Lado 159
Gurgenidze, Vladimir 115
GYLA (Georgian Young Lawyers’
Association) 113, 121, 123
Hanf, Theodor 94, 98
Heritage Foundation: Economic
Freedom Index 27, 44, 75, 79, 101
human trafficking 22, 47, 48, 67; 1980
Hague Convention on Civil Aspects of
International Child Abduction 47, 68;
interdependence 58-9, 60; see also JLS
270 Index
hybrid regime 15, 28, 30, 32, 39, 79, 87,
91, 216; see also semi-democratic
regime
ICAO (International Civil Aviation
Organization) 132
ICHD (International Center for Human
Development) 133
IDP (internally displaced person) 46, 81,
104, 105, 118, 146
IE A (International Energy Agency) 73
ILO (International Labour Organization)
127, 133, 134
IMF (International Monetary Fund) 5,
37, 72-3, 86, 169, 195, 201
incentive see external incentive; policy
conditionality
INOGATE (Interstate Oil and Gas
Transportation to Europe) 70, 82, 83,
162, 168
institutional context 23-5, 207; ENC 3,
7, 10, 14, 16; ENP, compliance 25;
explaining variation in compliance
patterns 66-74, 100; institutional
setting hypothesis 25, 213; inter-
nationalization of external rules 23,
24-5, 72-4, 213; rule codification
66-8, 73, 100, 213; CIS 24; energy
policy 70-2; JLS 68-70; institutionali-
zation hypothesis 23-4, 73, 213;
interdependence 3, 7, 56-63, 207;
asymmetric interdependence 6, 20-1,
22, 216, 219; definition 20; economic
interdependence 57, 101; ENC, inter-
dependence with EU/Russia 3, 7, 14,
16; energy: policy interdependence 22;
ENP, compliance 23; EU 56-7, 101;
interdependence hypothesis 23, 63,
100, 213; measurement of 21—2; policy
divergence and 22-3; symmetric inter-
dependence 22, 59, 216; see also
energy interdependence; JLS, inter-
dependence; Russia and
interdependence
IO (international organization) 30, 38,
133
IOM (International Organization for
Migration) 72, 107, 109, 110, 115;
Armenia 72, 126, 127, 130, 133, 138,
140; Georgia 107, 109, 110, 115, 118
Iranian-Armenian gas pipeline 86, 177-
BO, 184
IRENA (International Renewable
Energy Agency) 73
Itera 162-3, 178, 179; see also Russia
Ivanishvili, Bidzina 41, 93, 96-7, 113,
188, 189-90, 191; see also GD
Jacoby, Wade 34
JLS (Justice, Liberty and Security) 2, 7,
22, 42, 46-9, 102, 208; Armenia 47,
57-60, 64-5, 68, 69, 72, 79, 81, 213;
CIS 46-7, 69-70, 72, 85; CSTO 46, 47;
ENP Action Plans 46, 47, 67, 69, 81,
84; ENP, shallow/non-compliance 64;
EU/Russia cooperation 48-9; EU/
Russia policy convergence 46-8, 49,
55, 63, 71, 99, 102, 144, 213; Georgia
47, 57-60, 64, 65, 67, 68, 69, 72, 81;
PCA 46, 47, 48, 67, 69; Road Map for
the Common Space on Freedom,
Security and Justice 48, 49; terrorism
46, 47, 48, 67; see also drug
trafficking; human trafficking; JLS,
compliance; JLS, interdependence;
migration management; money laun-
dering; organized crime
JLS, compliance patterns 63-6, 79, 99;
capacity building 81-2; institutionali-
zation 68-70; internationalization 72;
policy conditionality 84-5; rule
codification 67-8; see also JLS
JLS, interdependence 22, 57-60; asym-
metric interdependence 22; asym-
metric interdependence disfavoring
EU 57-9; asymmetric interdependence
favoring Russia 42, 57, 60; drug traf-
ficking 59, 60; organized crime 59, 60;
symmetric interdependence 22, 59; see
also JLS
Kavtaradze, Gia 120
Keohane, Robert O. 21, 44
KfW (German Development Bank-
Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau) 73,
82, 158, 160, 161
King, Nigel 44
Kocharyan, Robert 11, 88-90, 91, 98;
2003 presidential election 40; energy
diversification 169, 170, 175, 179, 180;
migration management 124, 129, 130,
134-5, 138, 140
Langbein, Julia 7, 34, 212
Lavenex, Sandra 19, 26
Levitsky, Steven 21
Liberty Institute 92, 101
Lisbon Treaty 61, 128
Index 271
Margvelashvili, Giorgi 41, 97
Menz, Wolfgang 44
Merabishvili, Vano 92, 121
methodology 10, 19, 36-9, 43--4; case
studies 10, 39-42; data 19, 21, 22,
26-7, 30, 37-8; interviewing 37-8, 44;
macro/micro-level analyses 10, 36-7;
policies and time frame 42-3;
problematization 38, 43
migration management 11, 46, 49, 64-5,
67, 102, 140^4; 1951 Geneva Conven-
tion 46, 67; 1967 Protocol 46, 67;
asylum and refugees 46, 67, 72; border
management 46, 49, 64, 72, 81, 102;
capacity building 11, 143—4; CIS 46-7;
CSTO 47, 132; deportation 32, 85;
ENP Action Plans 2, 11, 103, 104,
115; ENP, full compliance 11, 140;
ENP, shallow compliance 64, 102,
142; EU mobility partnerships 84,
109, 137; external incentives 11, 143;
illegal migration 22, 46-7, 48, 81, 103;
migrant worker 32, 60, 85, 197;
National Action Plans on Migration
and Asylum 11, 103, 104; PCA 103;
policy conditionality 84-5, 142, 143-4;
policy, polity, politics misfits 103-106;
preferential fit 11, 140, 142, 143;
preferential misfit 11, 142, 143-4;
remittances 22, 58, 59, 60, 115;
socialization 11, 120, 132, 143, 212;
Soderkôping/Budapest/Prague pro-
cesses 69, 81 ; see also Armenian
migration management; data
protection; document security;
Georgian migration management;
JLS; readmission; Russia and migration
management; visa facilitation; visa
liberalization
Millennium Challenge Corporation 73
Moldova 2, 13, 216; AA 12, 185, 196-9,
203, 205 (preferential fit 196, 198, 199;
Russian sanctions and the speeding up
of EU integration 12, 186, 196, 197-8,
199, 204, 215-16); AEI 196, 197,
198-9; corruption 197, 198-9; DP 197,
198, 199; LDP 196, 197, 198; political
crisis 1, 185, 196, 197, 198-9, 219;
visa facilitation 111; visa liberalization
109, 116, 196, 197; VLAP 109; see
also AA
money laundering 22, 46, 48, 59; CIS 46;
see also JLS
Moneyval 22, 46, 69
Nalbandian, Edward 127-8
NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organiza-
tion) 165, 191
neighborhood Europeanization 5, 45;
agency-centered framework 27-36, 45,
206-207; CEEC 29; ‘convergence’
17-18; definition 10; ‘enclaves of
Europeanization’ 8; ENP Action Plans
10; ‘external governance’ approach
5-6, 20, 34; ‘external incentives’ model
5; furthering the domestic agenda 4, 7,
32; ‘preferential fit/policy con-
ditionality’ interplay 186, 188, 207;
scholarship on 4-8; rationalist institu-
tionalism 14, 15-17, 23-4, 28, 37, 206;
Russia 6-7, 207; see also ENP; EU
policy transfer
NGO (non-governmental organization)
12, 30, 38, 72, 101, 117, 133
NIF (Neighborhood Investment Facility)
82, 155, 158
Nodia, Ghia 94, 98
Nogaideli, Zurab 96, 154
Nye, Joseph S. 21, 44
Open Society Foundation Georgia 109
organized crime 22, 46, 47, 48, 49, 57,
59, 64, 69, 72; CIS 47; inter-
dependence 59, 60; Second Protocol to
the European Convention on Mutual
Assistance in Criminal Matters 47, 68;
see also JLS
Orinats Yerkir 89, 90
OSCE (Organization for Security and
Co-operation in Europe) 56, 110, 130,
133; action plan to combat human
trafficking 67; action plans on
organized crime 47, 72; OSCE Minsk
group 57
Pamuk, Yasemin 34
Patarkatishvili, Badri 93, 94
PCA (Partnership and Cooperation
Agreements) 27, 43, 46, 68, 69;
Armenia 19, 51, 150; energy diversifi-
cation 52, 150, 151, 157; energy policy
50, 52, 53, 68, 70; Georgia 19, 51, 150;
JLS 46, 47, 48, 67, 69; migration
management 103; readmission 48, 108
PEEREA (Energy Charter Protocol on
Energy Efficiency and Related
Environmental Aspects) 51
policy conditionality 31, 33, 209-10, 212,
214, 216, 218; ‘conditionality-lite’ 6,
272 Index
31; energy policy 85-7 (Armenian
energy diversification 173, 175-6, 210);
ENP, full compliance 3^4, 14, 31, 32;
ENP, non-compliance with 4, 32;
ENP, shallow compliance 3-4, 32,
207, 209; EU 3, 31, 84, 85-6; explain-
ing variation in compliance patterns
11, 66, 83-7, 100, 188; IMF 86;
incentivize merely cosmetic, rather
than profound domestic changes 4,
207, 209; JLS 84-5; migration man-
agement 84-5, 142, 143-4 (Armenia
131-2; Georgia 107-108, 110, 111-12,
114, 120, 142, 143-4, 218); rivaling
policy conditionality 188; Russia 85,
86; World Bank 86; see also EU policy
transfer; ‘preferential fit/policy con-
ditionality’ interplay; Russia, rivaling
policy conditionality; sanction
policy convergence/divergence 45-55,
212; CIS/CSTO 23; energy, EU/Russia
policy divergence 49, 52-3, 54-5, 63,
99, 149, 183, 213; interdependence and
policy divergence 22-3; JLS, EU/
Russia policy convergence 46-8, 49,
55, 63, 71, 99, 102, 144, 213
Poroshenko, Petro 200, 202
preferential fit 27-30, 33; AA 12, 187,
204, 208-209, 215; Armenia 87-91
(AA 191-3, 204; energy diversification
180, 183; migration management
124-5, 127, 128-9, 132, 138); capacity
building 35, 211-12; definition 29,
187, 207; domestic actor empower-
ment 28; ENP, full compliance 14, 27,
209; ENP, shallow compliance 3-4,
187; explaining variation in com-
pliance patterns 66, 87-99, 100, 188,
208; Georgia 87, 91-8 (AA 189, 191;
energy diversification 11, 157, 164,
167, 168, 180, 182, 183); measurement
of 29-30; migration management 11,
140, 142, 143; Moldova and the A A
196, 198, 199; see also agency; EU
policy transfer; ‘preferential fit/policy
conditionality’ interplay; preferential
misfit
‘preferential fit/policy conditionality’
interplay 31-2; AA 9, 12, 185-6, 188,
203, 204, 207; energy diversification
157, 183; ENP compliance 3-4, 32-3,
207-208, 210, 214; EU policy transfer
14, 27, 35-6, 37; Georgian migration
management 120; neighborhood
Europeanization 186, 188, 207;
see also policy conditionality;
preferential fit
preferential misfit 27-8, 210; adaptation
costs 28, 29; Armenian energy diversi-
fication 177; capacity building 36, 211;
ENP, non-compliance 4, 26, 36, 209;
Georgian energy diversification 161-2,
181-2; migration management 11,
142, 143-4 (Armenia 140; Georgia
116, 120, 123, 142, 143-4); policy
conditionality 32, 188; see also
preferential fit
Prodi, Romano 1, 41, 206
Putin, Vladimir 36, 43, 95, 179, 190, 193
rationalist institutionalism 14, 15-17,
23^4, 28, 37, 206; compliance 19-20;
preferences over outcomes 15-16, 23
readmission 72, 102, 103; Armenia 11,
65, 102, 103, 124-9, 140-1; conclusion
of readmission agreements 11, 46, 47,
103, 104; document security 104; EU
readmission agreement 108; EU/
Russia readmission and visa facilita-
tion agreement 49, 107; Georgia 81,
103-104, 106-10, 142, 143-4, 212, 218
(implementation of 106-107, 108-10,
142, 209); illegal migration 103; PC A
48, 108; policy and politics misfits
103-104; third country national/
stateless person 103-104, 108; UN
Universal Declaration of Human
Rights 103; visa facilitation 49, 84; see
also migration management
regime, domestic compatibility 26-7; see
also authoritarian regime; democracy;
hybrid regime; semi-democratic regime
rule of law 27, 74, 75, 79, 89, 100, 214;
see also domestic compatibility
Russia 2, 6; approach to the neighbor-
hood as a form of coercion 33;
authoritarian regime 40, 41; capacity
building 35, 80, 81-2, 83 (CIS agree-
ments 36, 81); domestic compatibility
with 25, 79, 214; economic potential
56; energy policy 50-1, 52-3, 83, 86-7,
211-12, 213; as external actor/ foreign
policy agent 4, 7, 16, 18, 23, 43;
impact on EU policy transfer in the
ENC 6-7, 42, 208-10, 214, 215, 219;
military capacity 56-7, 92, 93, 98,
193-4; neglect of Russia in the study
on accession Europeanization 5;
neighborhood Europeanization 6-7,
207; state capacity 77-9; a structural
force 7; Ukraine 7, 215-16 (rivaling
policy conditionality 201-202, 204;
war 1, 2, 33, 185, 203, 216); visa-free
regime 59, 85, 102; see also the entries
below for Russia; Armenian energy
diversification and Russia; EU/Russia
rivalry; Gazprom; Georgian energy
diversification and Russia; UES
Russia and the A A 12; an ‘active sabo-
teur’ 188; incentives 188; inter-
dependence with Russia 204; sanctions
12, 201, 204 (rivaling policy con-
ditionality 191, 193-4, 196, 201-202,
204; speeding up EU integration 12,
186, 190-1, 196, 197-8, 199, 201, 204);
see also AA
Russia and interdependence 7, 56-7, 212,
213, 215; AA 204; ENC 6, 21, 56-7;
energy, asymmetric interdependence
favoring Russia 42, 61-3, 149, 162,
184, 213; JLS, asymmetric inter-
dependence favoring Russia 42, 57, 60;
migration management 57-8, 59-60;
see also interdependence
Russia and migration management 85;
Armenia 126-7, 138, 140, 142, 144
(Compatriots Program 11, 136-7,
143); Georgia, passportization as
negative incentive 11, 107, 110, 111,
114, 116, 120, 142, 211; impact on
non-compliance with ENP 144; inter-
dependence with Russia 57-8, 59-60;
negative incentives 142-3; see also
migration management
Russia, rivaling policy conditionality 3,
4, 9, 11, 31, 209, 214; absence of, as
condition for full compliance with EU
policies 4, 209; Armenia and the AA
191, 193^4, 196, 204; Armenian
energy diversification 176-7, 178-80,
182, 210; Georgian energy diversifica-
tion 162^4, 167, 168, 182, 210;
Ukraine and the AA 201-202, 204; see
also policy conditionality; Russian
constraining effects on EU policy
transfer
Russian constraining effects on EU
policy transfer 1-2, 7, 8, 18, 206, 214,
215; interdependence with Russia in
policy areas 10; Eurasian integration
2, 13; sanctions 2, 3, 4, 8, 12, 32, 85,
86, 142-3, 201, 204; see also EU
Index 273
policy transfer; Russia, rivaling policy
conditionality
Russian supportive effects on EU policy
transfer 4, 7, 8; AA, negative incen-
tives facilitate EU integration 12, 186,
190-1, 196, 197-8, 199, 201, 204;
energy diversification, enabling com-
pliance with ENP 183; negative incen-
tives facilitating reform 8, 9, 12, 32-3,
86, 87, 107, 110, 111, 114, 153-5, 156,
157, 165-6, 170-1, 173, 181, 188, 207,
211, 214, 215-16; see also EU policy
transfer
Saakashvili, Mikheil 11, 79, 91-8, 99,
189-90, 209; authoritarian tendencies
41; energy diversification 153—4,
155-6, 157, 158, 164, 166-7, 168, 182,
184; liberalism 75, 106, 115; migration
management 106, 107, 114, 115, 119,
123, 141; see also UNM
sanction 16, 32; EU 83; Russia 2, 3, 4, 8,
12, 32, 85, 86, 142-3, 201, 204;
also external incentives; Russia, rival-
ing policy conditionality; Russian sup-
portive effects on EU policy transfer
Sargsyan, Serzh 11, 41, 88, 89, 90, 98;
AA 192-3, 194-5; migration manage-
ment 129, 130, 134-5, 136, 140
Sargsyan, Tigran 129, 135, 136-7, 192,
194, 195
Sargsyan, Vazgen 88, 89, 91
Scharpf, Fritz 15
Schimmelfennig, Frank 19, 26, 31
Sedelmeier, Ulrich 31
semi-democratic regime 1, 15, 28, 215;
ENC 2, 206, 219; EU policy transfer
2, 3, 208; hybrid regime 30, 39—41, 87,
215, 216; see also authoritarian
regime; democracy; hybrid regime
Shevardnadze, Eduard 12, 79, 91-5, 98,
99, 101, 106, 209; energy diversifica-
tion 12, 152-3, 155, 156, 157, 162,
163, 164, 168, 181-2
Shevardnadze, Nugzar 93
SIPRI (Stockholm International Peace
Research Institute) 21, 101
socialization 5, 212; capacity building 34,
80; energy diversification 12, 161-2,
168, 177, 180; ENP 6, 7; migration
management 11, 120, 132, 143, 212
South Ossetia 56, 91, 93, 96, 101, 107,
191
‘spheres of influence’ 8, 45
274 Index
state: sovereignty 2, 67, 187, 196, 205,
216 (energy policy 29, 35, 215; JLS 29,
35, 43, 215); state capacity 26, 27,
77-9, 100, 212, 214
Stefes, Christoph 87
TACIS (Technical Assistance to the
Commonwealth of Independent
States) 36, 80, 81, 82, 183; Armenian
energy diversification 169, 173, 175,
176; Georgian energy diversification
155, 157; Georgian migration man-
agement 120, 123
TAIEX (technical assistance and
information exchange instrument) 34,
81, 83, 115, 116, 120, 126, 130, 133
Ter-Petrosyan, Levon 88, 89, 90, 91, 136;
energy diversification 169, 170, 171.
173
terrorism 46, 47, 48, 67, 85, 129, 130, 165
TIG (Targeted Initiative Georgia) 101,
109, 110, 117, 119, 144
TRACECA (Transport Corridor
Europe-Caucasus-Asia) 162, 168
Trans-Caspian Pipeline System 61
Transparency International 37, 156, 158,
168
Tsarukyan, Gagik 90, 195
Twinning 34, 81, 83, 137
Tymoshenko, Yulia 200, 201-202
UES (Unified Energy System) 50, 62, 86,
155, 172, 174
Ukraine 2, 12, 199-203, 205, 216, 219;
AA/DCFTA 12, 100, 185, 199-205 ;
external rivalry 202, 203, 204, 205;
multiple incentives 200-202); capacity
building 34; CIS 6, 203; corruption
200-201; CU 201; energy policy 51,
55; ENP 6; EU market rules 2; poli-
tical instability 185, 202-203, 205;
Russia 7, 215-16 (rivaling policy con-
ditionality 201-202, 204; war 1, 2, 33,
185, 203, 216); visa facilitation 111;
visa liberalization 109, 116; VLAP 109
UN (United Nations): 1948 Universal
Declaration of Human Rights 103;
1988 UN Convention against Illicit
Traffic in Narcotic Drugs 47, 67; 2000
UN Convention on Transnational
Organized Crime 47, 64, 67; 2001
Protocol against the Illicit
Manufacturing of and Trafficking in
Firearms 47, 64
UNDP (UN Development Programme)
46,110,129,160
UNHCR (UN High Commissioner for
Refugees) 72, 134
UNM (United National Movement) 91,
94-5, 97, 145, 160, 161, 167, 189-90;
biometric passports and election code
112-13; ‘witch hunts5 against 41; see
also Saakashvili, Mikheil
USA (United States of America) 5, 22,
25, 73; Georgian energy diversification
12, 163, 164, 168, 182, 210
USAID (US Agency for International
Development) 110, 130; Armenian
energy diversification 170, 171, 174,
183; Georgian energy diversification
155, 159, 160, 161, 183
veto player: domestic veto player 6, 28,
31; intra-elite/ intra-govemmental veto
player 87, 99, 133^4, 208;
non-governmental veto player 29, 208
visa facilitation 31, 49; Armenia 42, 81,
127-8, 137; Council of the European
Union: Common Approach on Visa
Facilitation 84; EU policy con-
ditionality 84; EU/Russia readmission
and visa facilitation agreement 49,
107; Georgia 42, 81, 107-108, 110,
111, 116, 121, 128, 142, 211, 218;
Moldova 111; readmission 49, 84;
Ukraine 111
visa liberalization 3, 31, 84, 87; Armenia
42, 125, 128, 131, 137; EaP 84, 116,
122, 128; Georgia 42, 109, 114, 116,
119, 123, 142, 190, 209, 218; Moldova
109, 116, 196, 197; Russia 116-17,
122; Ukraine 109, 116; VLAP 109,
114, 116, 119, 122
Voronin, Vladimir 196, 197
Way, Lucan A. 21, 216
World Bank 5, 21, 22, 72-3; Governance
Indicators 27, 74, 75, 77, 78, 79;
migration database 22
WTO (World Trade Organization) 22
Yanukovych, Victor 185, 199-203, 204,
216, 219
Yeganyan, Gagik 124-5, 127, 135
Yerkrapah 88, 89, 91
Zhvania, Zurab 93, 94-5, 96, 106, 163-4,
166
Bayerische
Staatsbibliothek
München |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Ademmer, Esther |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1059951045 |
| author_facet | Ademmer, Esther |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Ademmer, Esther |
| author_variant | e a ea |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV044195256 |
| callnumber-first | H - Social Science |
| callnumber-label | HC240 |
| callnumber-raw | HC240.25.F6 |
| callnumber-search | HC240.25.F6 |
| callnumber-sort | HC 3240.25 F6 |
| callnumber-subject | HC - Economic History and Conditions |
| classification_rvk | MK 5250 ML 7250 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)976425555 (DE-599)BVBBV044195256 |
| dewey-full | 320.60947 |
| dewey-hundreds | 300 - Social sciences |
| dewey-ones | 320 - Political science (Politics and government) |
| dewey-raw | 320.60947 |
| dewey-search | 320.60947 |
| dewey-sort | 3320.60947 |
| dewey-tens | 320 - Political science (Politics and government) |
| discipline | Politologie |
| era | Geschichte 2003- gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 2003- |
| format | Book |
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| genre | 1\p (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Hochschulschrift |
| geographic | Europäische Union. Mitgliedsstaaten Former Soviet republics Politics and government European Union countries Foreign relations Russia (Federation) Former Soviet republics Foreign relations Russia (Federation) Russia (Federation) Foreign relations Former Soviet repubics Georgien (DE-588)4022406-5 gnd Armenien (DE-588)4085931-9 gnd Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Europäische Union. Mitgliedsstaaten Former Soviet republics Politics and government European Union countries Foreign relations Russia (Federation) Former Soviet republics Foreign relations Russia (Federation) Russia (Federation) Foreign relations Former Soviet repubics Georgien Armenien Russland |
| id | DE-604.BV044195256 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-11-21T11:02:57Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781138944244 |
| language | English |
| lccn | 016009842 |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-029601903 |
| oclc_num | 976425555 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-188 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-188 |
| physical | xiii, 274 Seiten Diagramme |
| publishDate | 2017 |
| publishDateSearch | 2017 |
| publishDateSort | 2017 |
| publisher | Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Routledge/UACES contemporary European studies series |
| spelling | Ademmer, Esther (DE-588)1059951045 aut Russia's impact on EU policy transfer to the post-Soviet space the contested neighborhood Esther Ademmer Russia's impact on European Union policy transfer to the post-Soviet space London ; New York Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group 2017 xiii, 274 Seiten Diagramme txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Routledge/UACES contemporary European studies series 33 Includes bibliographical references (pages 226-262) and index ; revised dissertation Europäische Union European Union Former Soviet republics Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte 2003- gnd rswk-swf Außenpolitik Politik Russia (Federation) Foreign relations European Union countries Politiktransfer (DE-588)1104716577 gnd rswk-swf Europäische Nachbarschaftspolitik (DE-588)7613978-5 gnd rswk-swf Europäische Union. Mitgliedsstaaten Former Soviet republics Politics and government European Union countries Foreign relations Russia (Federation) Former Soviet republics Foreign relations Russia (Federation) Russia (Federation) Foreign relations Former Soviet repubics Georgien (DE-588)4022406-5 gnd rswk-swf Armenien (DE-588)4085931-9 gnd rswk-swf Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd rswk-swf 1\p (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 g Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 b Europäische Nachbarschaftspolitik (DE-588)7613978-5 s Politiktransfer (DE-588)1104716577 s Armenien (DE-588)4085931-9 g Georgien (DE-588)4022406-5 g Geschichte 2003- z DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, E-Book 9781315672007 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029601903&sequence=000004&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029601903&sequence=000005&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029601903&sequence=000006&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Ademmer, Esther Russia's impact on EU policy transfer to the post-Soviet space the contested neighborhood Europäische Union European Union Former Soviet republics Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 gnd Außenpolitik Politik Russia (Federation) Foreign relations European Union countries Politiktransfer (DE-588)1104716577 gnd Europäische Nachbarschaftspolitik (DE-588)7613978-5 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)5098525-5 (DE-588)1104716577 (DE-588)7613978-5 (DE-588)4022406-5 (DE-588)4085931-9 (DE-588)4076899-5 (DE-588)4113937-9 |
| title | Russia's impact on EU policy transfer to the post-Soviet space the contested neighborhood |
| title_alt | Russia's impact on European Union policy transfer to the post-Soviet space |
| title_auth | Russia's impact on EU policy transfer to the post-Soviet space the contested neighborhood |
| title_exact_search | Russia's impact on EU policy transfer to the post-Soviet space the contested neighborhood |
| title_full | Russia's impact on EU policy transfer to the post-Soviet space the contested neighborhood Esther Ademmer |
| title_fullStr | Russia's impact on EU policy transfer to the post-Soviet space the contested neighborhood Esther Ademmer |
| title_full_unstemmed | Russia's impact on EU policy transfer to the post-Soviet space the contested neighborhood Esther Ademmer |
| title_short | Russia's impact on EU policy transfer to the post-Soviet space |
| title_sort | russia s impact on eu policy transfer to the post soviet space the contested neighborhood |
| title_sub | the contested neighborhood |
| topic | Europäische Union European Union Former Soviet republics Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 gnd Außenpolitik Politik Russia (Federation) Foreign relations European Union countries Politiktransfer (DE-588)1104716577 gnd Europäische Nachbarschaftspolitik (DE-588)7613978-5 gnd |
| topic_facet | Europäische Union European Union Former Soviet republics Außenpolitik Politik Russia (Federation) Foreign relations European Union countries Politiktransfer Europäische Nachbarschaftspolitik Europäische Union. Mitgliedsstaaten Former Soviet republics Politics and government European Union countries Foreign relations Russia (Federation) Former Soviet republics Foreign relations Russia (Federation) Russia (Federation) Foreign relations Former Soviet repubics Georgien Armenien Russland Hochschulschrift |
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