Geographic information systems (GIS) for disaster management:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Boca Raton, FL
CRC Press
[2015]
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| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | xv, 295 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten (teilweise farbig) |
| ISBN: | 9781482211689 |
Internformat
MARC
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804177062066388992 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | CONTENTS
Preface
Biography
1 A Survey of GIS for Disaster Management
Chapter Objectives
Introduction
GIS and Geographical Context
GIS and Situation Awareness
The Problem: Continued Need for GIS in Disaster Management
Scale, Scope, and Intensity of Disasters
Case Study: Burkina Faso—Disasters in the Developing World
The Need for Improved Coordination, Sharing, and Interoperability
Problems of GIS Awareness in Disaster Management
The Opportunity: Increased Awareness and Advocacy of GIS and Mapping
Crisis Mapping
Interview with Dr Jennifer Ziemke, Cofounder and Codirector of the International
Network of Crisis Mappers
Spatial Thinking and Disaster Management
Chapter Summary
Discussion Questions
References
2 Fundamentals of Geographic Information and Maps
Chapter Objectives
Introduction
Data vs Information
Scale
Three Ways of Representing Map Scale
Large- vs Small-Scale Maps
Why Scale Matters: Detail and Accuracy
Map Projections
Coordinate Systems
Universal Transverse Mercator Coordinate System
State Plane Coordinate (SPC) System
Datums
Reference Ellipsoids
Control Points
The Importance of Datums
Coordinate Systems: The Whole Picture
xiii
xv
I
I
I
2
5
9
9
10
14
16
17
18
20
23
24
25
25
29
29
29
30
30
31
32
33
35
39
39
43
43
43
45
46
47
v
CONTENTS
Basic Principles of Cartography 47
Mapping Principles 48
Data Measurement 48
Visual Variables 50
Figure and Ground Relationships 51
Map Types: Reference and Thematic 52
Reference Maps 52
Thematic Maps 55
Summary 58
Designing Usable Maps in a GIS Context 59
Common Examples of Poorly Made Maps Created with a GIS 61
Interview with Dr Anthony C Robinson 64
Chapter Summary 69
Discussion Questions 70
Resources 70
Principles of Mapping 70
Geodesy (including Datums and Reference Ellipsoids) 70
History of Cartography 70
Basics of Statistical Data Classification for Maps 70
Designing Good Maps in a GIS Context 70
Map Color 71
References 71
3 Geographic Information Systems 73
Chapter Objectives 73
Introduction 73
What Is GIS? 74
Organizing the World Geographically: Map Layers 77
What Can You Do (and Not Do) with GIS Software? 78
Data and Spatial Asset Management 78
Analysis 83
GIS Programming 83
Modeling 84
Cartography, Visualization, and Map Production 87
Geocoding 88
Limitations of GIS 88
Understanding GIS Data Models 89
Vector Models 89
Raster 92
GIS Metadata 95
Specific GIS Technology 96
GIS Technology Platforms and Disaster Management 97
ArcGIS 97
Google Maps and Other Google Geospatial Technology 100
CONTENTS
QGIS 101
Other Commercial, Free, and Open-Source or Openly Available GIS Technologies 102
OpenStreetMap 102
Other GIS Technologies 102
Free and Open-Source Datasets Relevant to Disaster Management 103
How to Choose the Right GIS Technology for Disaster Management 105
Getting Started with GIS Technology and GIS Technology Configuration Ideas 105
Chapter Summary 107
Discussion Questions 108
Resources Notes 109
References 110
4 Disaster Management and Geographic Information Systems 111
Chapter Objectives 111
Introduction 111
Disaster Management Cycle 112
Terms: Emergency, Disaster, Crisis, and Catastrophe 112
Disaster Management Cycle 113
Role of GIS within Disaster Management Policy and Practice 114
Policy in the United States: The National Incident Management System (NIMS) 115
Incident Command System (ICS) 116
United States Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Geospatial Concept of
Operations (GeoCONOPS) 118
United States National Spatial Data Infrastructure 118
Local Government: Cities, Towns, and Counties 120
County GIS: Interview with Scott McCarty 120
State 123
National 124
FEMA 124
GIS and Other US Federal Agencies 124
Non-US Federal-Level Disaster Management: Interview with Dr Michael Judex 126
Private Sector 129
Private-Sector Perspective: Interview with Alan Leidner 129
International Disaster Management Community and GIS 132
Nongovernmental Organizations 132
MapAction 132
Humanitarian OpenStreetMap Team (HOT) 133
Crisis Mappers 133
GISCorps 134
International Disaster Management Support Mechanisms 134
International Charter on Space and Major Disasters 134
Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System (GDACS) 135
World Bank GFDRR 135
CONTENTS
United Nations 136
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs: ReliefWeb 136
UN-SPIDER 136
UN-SPIDER Perspectives: Interview with Antje Hecheltjen 137
GIS, Disaster Management, and the United Nations: Interview with Dr Jörg Szarzynski 139
Chapter Summary 144
Discussion Questions and Activities 145
Resources Notes 146
References 147
5 Geographic Information Systems and Disaster Planning and Preparedness 151
Chapter Objectives 151
Introduction 151
Technology and Dataset Planning and Preparation 153
Essential Disaster Management Map Layers 153
Additional Sources of Ideas for Essential Disaster Management Map Layers 153
Department of Homeland Security Geospatial Data Model 161
Technology Planning and Preparation 161
Organizational Perspectives 161
Using GIS to Support Planning and Preparation Activities 163
Spatial Perspectives on Broader Planning and Preparation Activities 163
Common GIS Tasks for Disaster Planning and Preparation Activities 164
Evacuation Route Planning 164
Evacuation Zone Planning 166
Scenario Modeling to Answer What-lf Questions 170
Public Outreach and Citizen Participation 171
GIS and Disaster Management Planning: A United Nations Perspective 175
Interview with Lorant Czärän 175
Summary 182
Discussion Questions and Activities 183
Resources Notes 184
References 184
6 Geographic Information Systems and Disaster Response 187
Chapter Objectives 187
Introduction 187
Disaster Response Policy in the United States 189
Geographical Aspects of Situation Awareness 192
Maps and Emergency Operation Centers 193
G IS and Disaster Warnings 194
Spatial Data Deluge 194
Thematic Maps 195
Spatial Statistics 195
viii
CONTENTS
Hot Spot Mapping 195
Density Mapping 199
Real-Time GIS 200
Disaster Response GIS Products 201
Online Disaster Response Geographic Data Streams 203
GIS and Damage Assessment 203
Field Data Collection and Mobile GIS 204
Public and Disaster Response Mapping—Crisis Mapping and Citizen Reporting 208
Chapter Summary 208
Discussion Questions and Activities 210
Resources Notes 211
References 211
7 Geographic Information Systems and Disaster Recovery 213
Chapter Objectives 213
Introduction 213
Geographical Aspects of Disaster Recovery 214
Using GIS to Support Disaster Recovery Tasks 215
Geocollaboration 215
Restoring Critical Infrastructure 218
Debris Cleanup 220
Recovery Planning 221
Transition from Recovery to Mitigation 223
Interview with David Alexander: US Federal Government Geospatial Technology Leader
and Expert 225
Chapter Summary 230
Discussion Questions and Activities 230
Resources Notes 231
References 231
8 Geographic Information Systems and Disaster Mitigation 233
Chapter Objectives 233
Introduction 233
Vulnerability 234
Resilience 235
Disaster Mitigation Policy and International Perspectives on GIS 236
The United States National Mitigation Framework 236
International Perspectives on Disaster Mitigation: UNISDR 237
GIS Techniques for Disaster Mitigation 237
Spatial Indexing and Modeling of Risk and Vulnerability 238
Social Variables 238
Physical Variables 239
Using GIS to Develop Spatial Indexes of Vulnerability and Risk 240
CONTENTS
Chapter Summary
Discussion Questions and Activities
Resources Notes
References
9 Special Topics: The Future of GIS for Disaster Management, Developing a GIS for
Disaster Management Career, and Keeping Up with Current Trends
Chapter Objectives
Introduction
Special Topics
Visual Analytics
Big Data and Disaster Management
Serious Games for GIS and Disaster Management
Geographic Information Science and Disaster Management
The Future of GIS for Disaster Management
Interviews
Jen Zimeke, PhD, Crisis Mappers (Chapter I, Specialty: Crisis Mapping)
Anthony Robinson, PhD, Penn State (Chapter 2, Specialty: Cartography)
Alan Leidner, Booz Allen Hamilton (Chapter 4, Specialty: Private-Sector GIS)
Antje Hecheltjen, UN-SPIDER (Chapter 4, Specialty: Remote Sensing)
Michael Judex, PhD, German Federal Office of Civil Protection and Disaster
Assistance (Chapter 4, Specialty: Federal Government GIS (Germany))
Scott McCarty, Monroe County GIS (Chapter 4, Specialty: County Government GIS
(United States))
Lorant Czärän, United Nations Cartographic Section and Office for Outer Space
Affairs (Chapter 5, Specialty: Remote Sensing International GIS Organization,
United Nation)
David Alexander, US Federal Government (Chapter 7, Specialty: Federal Government
GIS (United States))
Research Agenda
Developing a GIS for Disaster Management Career
Interviews
Alan Leidner (Chapter 4)
Antje Hecheltjen (Chapter 4)
Michael Judex, PhD (Chapter 4)
Scott McCarty (Chapter 4)
Jörg Szarzynski, PhD (Chapter 4)
Lorant Czärän (Chapter 5)
David Alexander (Chapter 7)
GIS for Disaster Management Career Summary Points
Staying Current in the GIS for Disaster Management Field
Organizations
Conferences
Journals and Magazines
CONTENTS
Training and Education 280
Volunteer Opportunities 280
Chapter Summary 280
Discussion Questions and Activities 281
Resources Notes 282
References 282
|
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| isbn | 9781482211689 |
| language | English |
| lccn | 2014039282 |
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| spelling | Tomaszewski, Brian Verfasser (DE-588)1099925509 aut Geographic information systems (GIS) for disaster management Brian Tomaszewski Boca Raton, FL CRC Press [2015] xv, 295 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten (teilweise farbig) txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Katastrophenmanagement (DE-588)4447164-6 gnd rswk-swf Geoinformationssystem (DE-588)4261642-6 gnd rswk-swf Katastrophenmanagement (DE-588)4447164-6 s Geoinformationssystem (DE-588)4261642-6 s DE-604 DE-601 pdf/application http://www.gbv.de/dms/bowker/toc/9781482211689.pdf Inhaltsverzeichnis HEBIS Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029454052&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Tomaszewski, Brian Geographic information systems (GIS) for disaster management Katastrophenmanagement (DE-588)4447164-6 gnd Geoinformationssystem (DE-588)4261642-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4447164-6 (DE-588)4261642-6 |
| title | Geographic information systems (GIS) for disaster management |
| title_auth | Geographic information systems (GIS) for disaster management |
| title_exact_search | Geographic information systems (GIS) for disaster management |
| title_full | Geographic information systems (GIS) for disaster management Brian Tomaszewski |
| title_fullStr | Geographic information systems (GIS) for disaster management Brian Tomaszewski |
| title_full_unstemmed | Geographic information systems (GIS) for disaster management Brian Tomaszewski |
| title_short | Geographic information systems (GIS) for disaster management |
| title_sort | geographic information systems gis for disaster management |
| topic | Katastrophenmanagement (DE-588)4447164-6 gnd Geoinformationssystem (DE-588)4261642-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Katastrophenmanagement Geoinformationssystem |
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