Wczesnośredniowieczny gród w Połupinie, stan. 2: nowe analizy i interpretacje źródeł archeologicznych i przyrodniczych
Gespeichert in:
| Weitere Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Polish |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Zielona Góra
Wydawnictwo Fundacji Archeologicznej
2016
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Monografie Wczesnośredniowieczne
Tom 2 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | 335 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten, Diagramme |
| ISBN: | 9788394098537 8394098533 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Wczesnośredniowieczny gród w Połupinie, stan. 2 |b nowe analizy i interpretacje źródeł archeologicznych i przyrodniczych |c pod redakcją Bartłomieja Gruszki |
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| 490 | 1 | |a Monografie Wczesnośredniowieczne |v Tom 2 | |
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Spis treści
Bartłomiej Gruszka
Wprowadzenie.5
Juliusz Twardy, Jacek Forysiak
Przyrodnicze uwarunkowania lokalizacji wczesnośredniowiecznego grodu w Połupinie,
stan. 2, gm. Dąbie (woj. lubuskie).9
Jacek Forysiak, Juliusz Twardy
Charakterystyka litologiczna utworów wypełnienia starorzecza w Połupinie
i ich znaczenie paleogeograficzne.23
Krystyna Milecka
Analiza palinologiczna osadów organicznych starorzecza
w okolicach grodziska w Połupinie.31
Anna Łuczak, Bartłomiej Gruszka
Sytuacja osadnicza w okolicach Krosna Odrzańskiego w okresie VIII-X wieku
w świetle analiz GIS.43
Bartłomiej Gruszka
Układ przestrzenny wczesnośredniowiecznego grodu w Połupinie, stan. 2.71
Marzena Makowiecka, Daniel Makowiecki
Badania archeozoologiczne szczątków kostnych z miejscowości Połupin,
stan. 2, woj. lubuskie.101
Joanna Sawicka
Paciorek „oliwkowaty” z metalową tuleją z grodziska w Połupinie, stan. 2.
Analiza porównawcza. 109
Arkadiusz Michalak
Zabytki metalowe z badań grodziska w Połupinie.119
Arkadiusz Michalak, Bartłomiej Gruszka, Andrzej Sikorski, Marcin Biborski, Piotr Gunia
Zagadka brązowej tarczki z Połupina wciąż nierozwiązana.131
Bartłomiej Gruszka
Znaleziska ceramiczne z badań wczesnośredniowiecznego grodu w Połupinie, stan. 2
Chronologia oraz analiza stylistyki, formy i techniki wykonania.143
Bartłomiej Gruszka
Próba określenia chronologii grodu w Połupinie na podstawie wyników analizy porównawczej
źródeł archeologicznych i oznaczeń wieku metodą 14C.239
Andrzej Sikorski
Odciski tkanin na fragmentach naczyń z grodziska w Połupinie, stan. 2.245
Piotr Gunia
Wyniki badań petrograficznych wczesnośredniowiecznych naczyń
z grodziska w Połupinie, stan. 2.255
Piotr Gunia
Wyniki badań geochemicznych wczesnośredniowiecznych naczyń
z grodziska w Połupinie, stan. 2.309
Bartłomiej Gruszka, Jacek Forysiak, Piotr Gunia, Anna Łuczak, Marzena Makowiecka, Daniel Makowiecki,
Arkadiusz Michalak, Krystyna Milecka, Joanna Sawicka, Andrzej Sikorski, Juliusz Twardy
Grodzisko w Połupinie, stan. 2 w świetle analiz archeologicznych i przyrodniczych
Podsumowanie i postulaty badawcze.325
Summary.333
Wczesnośredniowieczny gród w Połupinie, stan. 2.
Nowe analizy i interpretacje źródeł archeologicznych i przyrodniczych
SUMMARY
Over 50 years ago Edward Dąbrowski finished
archaeological excavations carried out for several
seasons at the stronghold in Połupin. From that
time it became one of these early medieval sites
located in the present-day Lubuskie province
around which considerable large body of lite-
rature has grown (see below), and, at the same
time, much controversy aroused, particularly
with regard to the stronghold s chronology and
origin of the famous small bronze plate. The ve-
rification of Edward Dąbrowski s conclusions
was difficult due to the lack of comprehensive
study and publication of the finds discovered at
the site. Filling this gap was therefore the main
aim of this publication. Apart from the analysis
of archival finds complemented by the results of
specialized analyses, the publication focuses on
the reconstruction of natural environment of the
stronghold s closest surroundings, and it presents
the Połupin site against a broader settlement con-
text. The essential part of this work is also devo-
ted to the recent findings concerning the site’s
chronology, obtained through the comparative
analysis of the sherds and other artefacts (spurs
and a bead), and verified by radiocarbon dating.
Połupin, site 2 was discovered in the summer
of 1961 during a detailed surface survey conduc-
ted by the archaeological expedition investigating
the nearby stronghold in Krosno Odrzańskie.
This summer, from the mid-July to mid-Septem-
ber the newly discovered site was excavated by
Edward Dąbrowski. The research was aimed to
answer several questions about its function, size
and chronology. Due to the complete levelling
of the rampart constructions, initially it was not
assumed that the studied site might have been
the relics of a stronghold.
In total, during three seasons, the area of 2.5
ares including 7 trenches was excavated. The inve-
stigations allowed the researchers to recognize the
stratigraphy of cultural layers, mainly along the
sites north-south axis (with circa 10° to the east),
which was documented on numerous colour profi-
les. Available documentation from the excavation
is complemented by monochrome photographs
depicting particularly plan views of features.
Publishing of this book was made possible
thanks to the financial support of the Ministry
of Culture and National Heritage, within the
program of the archaeological artefacts protec-
tion, priority 5. Part of the results presented in
the book, primarily those concerning radiocar-
bon dating, was financed under the grant of the
National Science Centre.
The stronghold in Polupin, site 2, was erected
in the Middle Odra River valley, in the upper part
of the valley s left slope. The surrounding area is
a very characteristic place in the latitudinal Odra
River valley, which at the close of the last glacial
period was part of the Berlin-Warsaw Urstromtal.
Here the valley narrows considerably to reach the
width of only about 2 km. Location of a defensive
settlement in this place allowed its inhabitants to
control the situation at the bottom of the valley
334 · Summary
used probably as the main thoroughfare linking
the northern Lusatia and Brandenburg in the
west with Greater Poland and further with Ma-
sovia in the east. The place for the location of
the stronghold was chosen very carefully. It was
erected more than 40 m over the valley bottom,
which assured undisturbed view of the area and
gave the opportunity for its continuous monito-
ring. The stronghold was situated between two
well-formed denudation valleys, on the narrow
denudation spur in the shape of a characteristic
“tip”. The topography of the stronghold area and
its closest surroundings certainly played a sub-
stantial role. There occurred some natural ob-
stacles in the form of steep, in some places even
rugged, slopes of denudation spur and the Odra
River valley. The choice of this specific location
was influenced by natural terrain that guaranteed
its defensive properties and, on the other hand,
by the flat surface of the denudation spur, which
facilitated all the construction works.
Geographic environment of the stronghold’s
surroundings was largely diverse. Probably it of-
fered the early medieval communities sufficient
climate for farming, and in many places also su-
itable water conditions. However, the relief of left
slope of the Odra River valley was not conducive
for any economic activity. All such activities were
only carried out on the nearby bottom of the
Odra River valley, where environmental con-
ditions allowed for growing meadows, animal
grazing and breeding, pastoralism and fishing.
Good connection between the area of economic
activity and the residential area situated on the
denudation spur was enabled through nume-
rous moderately inclined slopes of the bottom
of denudation valleys. Due to the gradual slope
reduction it was easy to move between the Odra
River valley and the adjacent upland. Given poor
sandy-gravel ground and low class soils develo-
ped on it, as well as the lack of permanent surface
water, the fluvioglacial upland surrounding the
Odra River valley most likely was not a very at-
tractive area for the early medieval communities.
In order to reconstruct the natural environ-
ment in the examined region a palynological
analysis was carried out. A core of mineral and
organic sediments was drilled from an oxbow
in Odra valley. Samples for pollen analysis were
taken every 4 or 2 cm in the upper part of the
core. Pollen diagram reveals changes in regional
and local plant communities during the last 3000
years BP. Mixed pine-oak forest and deciduous
forests with Querus, Carpinus betulus, Ulmus and
Corylus avellana were the main types of regional
ecosystems. On local habitats expansive areas of
Alnus communities were found. There were only
some open plants communities. Three phases of
human activity were found. The first took place
in the Bronze Age, the second one during the
Roman Period. The last phase is related to the
early Middle Ages when a rampart existed near-
by the examined site. In that period the landsca-
pe changed significantly. Clear deforestation is
observed and, first of alAlnus forest diminished.
The area was occupied by anthropogenic ecosys-
tems instead. A lot of open plant communities
appeared. The presence of many herbs like Rumex
or Plantago lanceolata indicates significance of
meadows and pastures. Cultivation of cereals
and other crops was not so important.
The proportions and quantity of particular
groups of indicators in relation to human pre-
sence and activity suggest that economy of the
community inhabiting Polupin was mostly based
on breeding, while land cultivation was rather
complementary. Zooarchaeological analysis has
shown that animal breeding was of crucial im-
portance to the overall economy of inhabitants
of the examined stronghold.
The excavations carried out in Polupin have
provided vital information about space organiza-
tion within the area surrounded by the rampart.
Due to the incomplete documentation, it was not
possible to precisely localize some features; ho-
wever it did not exclude the possibility to distin-
guish several characteristic elements of buildings
of residential, economic and defensive character.
The residential part of the stronghold was
most likely situated along the inner part of the
rampart, i.e. in the safest place in the stronghold,
in so called blind spot of fire. The maidan, besi-
Summary ■ 335
des several probable residential buildings (pits 1
and 2), was occupied by the features of processing
function (probably birch-tar pit and smoke pit)
and by the unspecified constructions, from which
only post holes remained.
Basing on the NMT analysis one can propose
a hypothesis that the stronghold was surrounded
from the west, south and east by a horseshoe-
-shaped rampart, while from the north, i.e. the
Odra River valley, functioned another kind of
defensive system characterized by terraces incised
into the strongly steep slope and reinforced by
stones. However, to verify this hypothesis further
excavations are required.
Post-deposition processes caused almost com-
plete destruction of the relics of ramparts. Their
remains were traceable only in the south-western
and south-eastern part of the stronghold, altho-
ugh not much can be said about their construc-
tion. This remark relates also to the construction
techniques used in the building of the maidan.
The choice the stronghold location was based
on the natural defensive characteristics of the
area. The place was bordered from the west and
east by deep denudation valleys, which, apart
from their defensive features, could be used as
a thoroughfare between the stronghold and the
area of economic activity at the bottom of the
Odra River valley. The northern foreground, be-
sides the hypothetical artificial terraces system,
was limited by the wet river valley.
The important reason for the elaboration of
archival finds from site 2 in Polupin was the need
for the verification of the stronghold’s chronology
and finds discovered in its area.
The most numerous category of artefacts
includes fragments of vessels. The macroscopic
analysis (of style, form and technology) and spe-
cialist investigations have revealed that pottery
discovered in Polupin represents two styles. The
first, traditional one, corresponds to the older
phases of the Middle Ages. It is characterized by:
small range of coating, lack of decoration, poor
profile and occurrence of undeveloped rims. The
second, progressive style, involves technologically
advanced production using specially prepared
clay paste including selected, fine-grained tem-
per. This style is represented by vessels of mainly
robust, vase-shaped forms with decoration in
the form of plastic rollers (from one to several)
placed under the rim. Their origin can be traced
primarily in Merovingian pottery workshops,
which produced (mostly in the 7th century) the
so called Knickwandtopfe.
Using the data concerning style and techno-
logy of vessels, which were obtained through the
study of numerous pottery assemblages from the
Middle Odra River area, one can try to establish
chronological position of the vessels discovered
in Polupin. The analysis indicates quite high
percentage of coated vessels (circa 65%), along
with the low share of decorated forms (circa
10%), which suggests that the analyzed vessels
were manufactured not earlier than at the end of
the 8th century, but most likely in the first half
of the 9th century. These findings are supported
by radiocarbon dating and the analysis of other
categories of finds (hooked spurs and a bead). The
results of our analysis have significantly contri-
buted to the shift in the dating of the stronghold
in Polupin. Previous data, which were published
in the relevant literature from the mid-1960s,
indicated that the stronghold was 200 years older.
Currently we know also slightly more about
the most interesting find from Polupin, i.e. a
bronze plate ornamented with amethyst. Spe-
cialist analyses (metallographic, gemological,
or of textile impressions) along with the com-
parative study of analogous finds from the area
of Hungary have revealed that there are no clear
indicators that would allow us to link this arte-
fact with the Avar culture. This is the only well
founded conclusion which can be demonstrated
at this stage of research on the plate from Polu-
pin. The new data obtained through the analyses
appear to undermine also the thesis about its
early medieval origin; however the early dating
cannot be entirely excluded, since the plate was
discovered within the stronghold, in the early
medieval context.
Translated by Arkadiusz Michalak |
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| genre | (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Aufsatzsammlung |
| geographic | Woiwodschaft Lebus (DE-588)4596737-4 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Woiwodschaft Lebus |
| id | DE-604.BV044035142 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-10-18T18:12:36Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9788394098537 8394098533 |
| language | Polish |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-029442300 |
| oclc_num | 968471494 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 335 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten, Diagramme |
| publishDate | 2016 |
| publishDateSearch | 2016 |
| publishDateSort | 2016 |
| publisher | Wydawnictwo Fundacji Archeologicznej |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Monografie Wczesnośredniowieczne |
| series2 | Monografie Wczesnośredniowieczne |
| spelling | Wczesnośredniowieczny gród w Połupinie, stan. 2 nowe analizy i interpretacje źródeł archeologicznych i przyrodniczych pod redakcją Bartłomieja Gruszki Zielona Góra Wydawnictwo Fundacji Archeologicznej 2016 335 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten, Diagramme txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Monografie Wczesnośredniowieczne Tom 2 Zusammenfassung auf Englisch Geschichte 500-1050 gnd rswk-swf Archäologie (DE-588)4002827-6 gnd rswk-swf Ausgrabung (DE-588)4129464-6 gnd rswk-swf Wallburg (DE-588)4189008-5 gnd rswk-swf Woiwodschaft Lebus (DE-588)4596737-4 gnd rswk-swf Połupin 2 (Polska ; stanowisko archeologiczne) Połupin (Polska) / zabytki (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Woiwodschaft Lebus (DE-588)4596737-4 g Wallburg (DE-588)4189008-5 s Archäologie (DE-588)4002827-6 s Ausgrabung (DE-588)4129464-6 s Geschichte 500-1050 z DE-604 Gruszka, Bartłomiej 1976- (DE-588)1181808278 edt Wydawnictwo Fundacji Archeologicznej pbl Monografie Wczesnośredniowieczne Tom 2 (DE-604)BV044035138 2 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029442300&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029442300&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Wczesnośredniowieczny gród w Połupinie, stan. 2 nowe analizy i interpretacje źródeł archeologicznych i przyrodniczych Monografie Wczesnośredniowieczne Archäologie (DE-588)4002827-6 gnd Ausgrabung (DE-588)4129464-6 gnd Wallburg (DE-588)4189008-5 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4002827-6 (DE-588)4129464-6 (DE-588)4189008-5 (DE-588)4596737-4 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
| title | Wczesnośredniowieczny gród w Połupinie, stan. 2 nowe analizy i interpretacje źródeł archeologicznych i przyrodniczych |
| title_auth | Wczesnośredniowieczny gród w Połupinie, stan. 2 nowe analizy i interpretacje źródeł archeologicznych i przyrodniczych |
| title_exact_search | Wczesnośredniowieczny gród w Połupinie, stan. 2 nowe analizy i interpretacje źródeł archeologicznych i przyrodniczych |
| title_full | Wczesnośredniowieczny gród w Połupinie, stan. 2 nowe analizy i interpretacje źródeł archeologicznych i przyrodniczych pod redakcją Bartłomieja Gruszki |
| title_fullStr | Wczesnośredniowieczny gród w Połupinie, stan. 2 nowe analizy i interpretacje źródeł archeologicznych i przyrodniczych pod redakcją Bartłomieja Gruszki |
| title_full_unstemmed | Wczesnośredniowieczny gród w Połupinie, stan. 2 nowe analizy i interpretacje źródeł archeologicznych i przyrodniczych pod redakcją Bartłomieja Gruszki |
| title_short | Wczesnośredniowieczny gród w Połupinie, stan. 2 |
| title_sort | wczesnosredniowieczny grod w polupinie stan 2 nowe analizy i interpretacje zrodel archeologicznych i przyrodniczych |
| title_sub | nowe analizy i interpretacje źródeł archeologicznych i przyrodniczych |
| topic | Archäologie (DE-588)4002827-6 gnd Ausgrabung (DE-588)4129464-6 gnd Wallburg (DE-588)4189008-5 gnd |
| topic_facet | Archäologie Ausgrabung Wallburg Woiwodschaft Lebus Aufsatzsammlung |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029442300&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029442300&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV044035138 |
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