Spatial concepts of Lithuania in the long nineteenth century:
"This book deals with the spatial concepts of Lithuania and other geo-images that either 'competed' in the nineteenth century with the term Lithuania or were of a different taxonomic level (Samogitia, Prussia's Lithuania, Lithuania Minor, Poland, the Western region, the Northwest...
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Boston
Academic Studies Press
2016
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| Schriftenreihe: | Lithuanian studies without borders
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| Zusammenfassung: | "This book deals with the spatial concepts of Lithuania and other geo-images that either 'competed' in the nineteenth century with the term Lithuania or were of a different taxonomic level (Samogitia, Prussia's Lithuania, Lithuania Minor, Poland, the Western region, the Northwest Region, Lita/Lite, Belarus, East Prussia etc.). The Russian, Lithuanian, Polish, Belarusian, Jewish, and German geo-images of this territory are analyzed in separate chapters of this volume. The spatial and topographical turns, especially the innovative perspective suggested by French Marxist Henri Lefebvre to look at the (social) space as a product of social creativity, research on so-called mental maps, postcolonial studies, and nationalism studies provided some theoretical background as well as analytical approaches for the studies published in this volume"...Provided by publisher |
| Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Beschreibung: | 471 Seiten Karten |
| ISBN: | 9781618115324 |
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| 520 | |a "This book deals with the spatial concepts of Lithuania and other geo-images that either 'competed' in the nineteenth century with the term Lithuania or were of a different taxonomic level (Samogitia, Prussia's Lithuania, Lithuania Minor, Poland, the Western region, the Northwest Region, Lita/Lite, Belarus, East Prussia etc.). The Russian, Lithuanian, Polish, Belarusian, Jewish, and German geo-images of this territory are analyzed in separate chapters of this volume. The spatial and topographical turns, especially the innovative perspective suggested by French Marxist Henri Lefebvre to look at the (social) space as a product of social creativity, research on so-called mental maps, postcolonial studies, and nationalism studies provided some theoretical background as well as analytical approaches for the studies published in this volume"...Provided by publisher | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text |
SPATIAL CONCEPTS OF LITHUANIA IN THE LONG NINETEENTH CENTURY
/
: 2016
TABLE OF CONTENTS / INHALTSVERZEICHNIS
POLAND OR RUSSIA? : LITHUANIA ON THE RUSSIAN MENTAL MAP / DARIUS
STALIUNAS
IMAGES OF LITHUANIA IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY / ZITA
MEDISIAUSKIENEI
THE PRE-1914 CREATION OF LITHUANIAN NATIONAL TERRITORY / DARIUS
STALIUNAS
"LITHUANIA
AN EXTENSION OF POLAND" : THE TERRITORIAL IMAGE OF LITHUANIA IN THE
POLISH DISCOURSE / OLGA MASTIANICA AND DARIUS STALIUNAS
BETWEEN ETHNOGRAPHIC BELARUS AND THE REESTABLISHMENT OF THE GRAND DUCHY
OF LITHUANIA : HOW BELARUSIAN NATIONALISM CREATED ITS "NATIONAL
TERRITORY" AT THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY / OLGA MASTIANICA
LITE ON THE JEWISH MENTAL MAPS / VLADIMIR LEVIN AND DARIUS STALIUNAS
LITHUANIA IN THE SPATIAL CONCEPTS OF GERMANS AND PRUSSIAN LITHUANIANS /
VASILIJUS SAFRONOVAS
IN LIEU OF A CONCLUSION
DIESES SCHRIFTSTUECK WURDE MASCHINELL ERZEUGT.
Index
Terms which were used very often in the book (Lithuania, Lithuanians,
Russiay Russian (Romanov) Empire) are not included in the index
A
Abolition of serfdom in 1861 in the
Russian Empire, 97n.4
Abramowicz, Ludwik, 246-47n.32
v
Adomaitis-Sernas, Juozas, 208
Adutiskis, 346
Agluona, River 133
Airénai, 134
Akelaitis, Mikalojus, 128, 147n.l48,
133-36, 163,171
Aksakov, Ivan, 66
Albrecht, Duke of Prussia, 397
Alekna, Antanas, 212-13, 226-27
Aleknavicius, Kajetonas, 162
Alexander I, Emperor of Russia, 34,107,
139-40
Alexander II, Emperor of Russia, 101
Alexander III, Emperor of Russia, 82
Aleksandravicius, Egidijus, 3, 26, 96, 99
Aleksiuk, Pavel, 292n.33
Aleksotas, 120n.71
Aliakhnovichy, 293
All-Russian Social-Democratic Workers’
Party (RSDRP), 346
Alie (Lyna, Lava), River, 383
Allenstein (Olsztyn), 403, 42
Amsterdam, 348
Andrusovo, Truce of (1667), 116
Angerapp (W^gorapa, Angrapa), River,
383, 412
Angerburg (W^gorzewo), 400
Anti-German campaing during World
War I, 37
Anti-Polish propaganda in the Russian
Empire, 39, 80-82
Anti-Polish policy of the Russian
government, 37, 39, 54, 64, 72
Anti-Polish policy of the
German Empire, 409
Antisemitism, 344
Apascia, River, 155
Arbeyter shtime fun Lite (The voice of
workers from Lithuania),
newspaper, 351
Arnasius, Jurgis, 422
Arsen’ev, Konstantin, 30n.24, 77
Ashmyany, 49,155, 214; District, 47, 55,
66, 71,123-24,126, 137,168, 195,
213-14n.88, 227n.l51, 216n.88,
288n.33, 295; River, 135-36
Astramovich, Aliaksandr (Ziazulia,
Andrej), 283n.l2, 297
Astrouna, 333n.85
Asmys, Mikelis (Aschmies, Michael),
423-25
Atlas narodonaseleniia Zapadno-Russkogo
kraia po veroispovedaniiam (Atlas of
the Population of Western Russia
According to Faiths), 52-53
Auguste Victoria, Kaiser Wilhelm I’s
wife, 399
Augustow, 323; District, 70, 218, 288n.33,
389; Province, 47, 56n.l31, 63,
70-71,119, 124-26,144-45,155, 168,
389, 446; Voivodoship, 125n. 89-26
Aukstaitija (Highland), 123,127,129,199.
See also Lithuania
Aukstaiciai (Highlanders), 130, 150,152,
162,197n.31,198n.32,199, 200n.38,
200n.41, 201; and their language 198.
See also Lithuanians
Austria (Habsburg Empire), 47, 144,
327n.51, 351n.l60, 415
Autochtonism, 36, 419
Index
451
Autonomist conventions in Vilnius, 301,
301n.99, 301-302n.l02, 302
Avraham, 332
Azukalnis, Valerijonas, 156
B
Babruisk, 142, 333, 336, 327n.53
Bacheikava, 333n.85
Bahdanovich, Maksim, 297-98
Bagushevich, Frantsishak, 137, 284
Bairasauskaite, Tamara, 114n.56
Bakalarzewo, 125
Balinski, Michal, 116-18,124-25,127-29
Balkans, 9
Baltic Countries, 314
Baltic Germans, 70
Baltic Provinces, 24, 340; governor-
general, 67
Baltic Sea, 119, 123, 130, 221; seacost,
227n.l53, 250, 254, 304
Baltris, Ansas, 423
Balts, 47, 381; habitat, 220, 227n.l50;
tribes, 225. See also Latvians;
Lithuanians, Prussians
Baranauskas, Antanas, 99,153-54,166
Baranov, Eduard, 60
Bardehnen (Bardinai), 427
Bartoszewicz, Joachim, 269n.l27
Barysau, 333n.85, 336
Basanavicius, Jonas, 195-96, 223
Bassin, Mark, 12
Batiushkov, Pompei, 52, 84
Belarus (Belorussia), 23n.l, 27, 27-28n.l4,
31-32, 32n.30, 34-35, 58, 66, 72, 83,
100,117,122,137-38,141,146,
146n.l47,173,174, 243-45, 245n.23,
246, 246n.24, 249, 251n.47, 252-53,
257-58, 260n.85, 265-66, 266n.ll3,
271, 280-81, 284, 284n.21, 285,
289-91, 294-96, 298-301, 301-2n.l02,
303-6, 325, 330, 330n.69, 331,
331n.72, 333, 335-36, 336n.99, 338,
342, 347, 358-59; autonomy of, 299,
301n.l02, 302; ethnographic (ethnic),
2, 44n.80, 97,148,172,174, 271, 298,
302, 358; education district, 32;
governor-generalship, 31; People’s
Republic (Belaruskaia narodnaia
Respuhlika - BNR), 289; Soviet
Socialist Republics, 336; province,
31; provinces, 31, 33-34, 63-65,
68, 70, 72, 83,122,136,141-42,
172, 290, 333, 446. See also
Raysn; Rus ’
Belarusian national movement (nation-
alism), 2, 14, 244, 249n.39, 254, 257,
271, 280-84, 284n.l8, 287n.32,
288-90, 292-93, 293n.59, 294,
295n.64, 296, 297n.75, 298, 300n.97,
301-2, 303n.l04, 304-6, 447; leaders
of, 354n.l72, 356; Revolutionary
Gramada of Belarus {Belaruskaia
revaliuacyinaia gramada - BRG),
298n.83; Social Democrats, 302;
Socialist Gramada (Belarusskaia
Sacyialistichnaia Gramada - BSG),
298, 298n.83, 299-300, 300n.97, and
leaflets of, 299, 299n.86, 300, 302-3;
Socialist Party of White Rus’
{Satsyialistychnaia partyia Belai Rusi
- SPBR), 300n.97. See also Spatial
image of Belarus and Lithuania in the
Belarusian discourse
Belarusians (Belorussians), 1, 5, 23, 23n.l,
35, 47, 51, 54, 68-69, 74,137-38,
146, 148,173-74, 201, 214n.88,
221n.l25, 244-45, 245n.20, 246,
248-50, 252, 260, 264-66, 266n.ll3,
281, 283, 285-86, 286n.28, 287,
287-88n.32, 288-91, 291n.45,
292-93, 293n.60, 294, 295n.64,
296, 300, 304-5, 338n.l07, 354,
354n.l72, 356, 356n.l76, 357-59;
Catholic, 74, 248n.33, 287, 287n.30;
culture of, 288, 290, 348; elite of, 5;
intelligentsia, 247, 281-83, 285-86,
288, 290, 293-98, 301-3, 304-6;
nation, 2, 138, 283, 289, 291, 293n.59,
301; Orthodox, 122, 287; "real
Belarusians,” 287; tribes, 291,
291n.43. See also Ruthenians
Belarusian, 137-38, 147, 248, 283-85,
287-88; 287n.32, 288, 288n.33, 295,
297, 304
Belavezha Forest, 267n.ll5
Bely, Ales’, 27n.l4, 99,122, 280
Beresneviciute-Nosalova, Halina, 105
Berghaus, Heinrich, 380, 388
452
Index
Bernhardi, Karl, 388
Bezzenberger, Adalbert, 383, 386-87,
404, 406-7, 425
Biadulia, Zmitrok (Plaunik, Samuil), 297
Bialystok, 145, 330n.63, 344, 346-47, 352;
District 1, 52, 60, 75,140, 288n.33
Biarezina, River 34n.37,137, 285n.23,
336, 342n.l21
Biaroza (Bereza Kartuska) 327n.52
Bielsk, 352
Birzai, 261n.88, 320, 322
Bismarck, Otto von, 399, 400
“Bismarck Towers,” 399-400
Bistrycia, 210n.72
Bittehnen (Bitenai), 427
Berlin, 376-77, 383, 391-92, 403, 408, 421
Bessarabia, 331n.73, 337
Black Sea, 227, 355
Blaszczyk, Grzegorz, 99
Blazer, Itzhak, 330
Bludov, Dmitrii, 58, 59n.l41
Bobr, 333n.85
Bobrovskii, Pavel, 51, 286-87n.30
Bobrzynski, Michal, 256
Bohlen, Peter, 383
Bopp, Franz, 383
Borenshtein, Avraham, 328, 330
Borussianistic historical master
narrative, 398
Bockh, Richard, 389, 408-11
Brandenburg, 373, 376, 378, ruler, 373
Braslau, 126,136, 294, 320, 342n.l21
Brest-Litovsk, 43, 117, 314, 316, 319, 320,
322, 331, 352
Brockhaus, encyclopedia, 401
Brubaker, Rogers, 10, 189, 446
Bruozis, Ansas, 418
Bug River, 41,123
Buthak, Jan, 241
Bulota, Andrius, 217
Buszynski, Ignacy, 129
Bykhau, 332n.75-33n.85
c
Calendars by Laurynas Ivinskis, 132, 160,
163-64,167-68,171
Carpathian Mountains, 43, 250
Cartography, 281, 372-74, 389, 409
Catherine II, Empress, 26, 28, 50;
monument of, 78, 79, 84
Chernyshev, Zacharii, 33, 34n.36
Chachersk, 321n.38
Charging Knight (The coat of arms
of the GDL), 298, 298n.79
Chareia, 333n.85
Charny, Shmuel, 354
Chashniki, 333n.85
Chavusy, 333n.85
Chelm: Region, 75; Province, 75
Chernigiv, 284, 314, Province 65, 288n.33,
300, 333-34, 347
Chlopicld, Edward, 126,129, 135
Chociszewski, Jozef, 263-65
Chodakowski, Zorian Dolçga
(Czarnocki, Adam), 113, 127-28
Chodkiewicz, Aleksander, 104
Chernobyl’, 317
Choroszcz, 318
Chud’, 349
Ciulda, Juozas, 151
v
Ciurlionis, Mikalojus Konstantinas,
292n.53
Citinzenship, 107
Cognitive maps, 7
Collona Walewski, Aleksander, 145
Colonization, 249, 418n.l31
Comité der Ostpreussischen und
Litthauischen Stände (Committee of
the Estates of East Prussia and
Lithuania), 378
Communication milieu, 372-74, 421, 427
Comparative linguistics and Indo-
European studies, 383
Congress of the Deutsche Kolonialge-
sellschaft , 404
Congress of Vienna, 9n.27
Copernicus, Nicolaus, 406
Courland: Province 1, 49n. 103, 59n.l41,
62n.l52, 67n.l71, 70,125-26,130-31,
149,164,168, 202n.47, 204, 207, 225,
227, 232, 314, 324, 328, 331, 335, 339,
340-41, 345
Cracow, 254, 263, 267, Province 144
Cracow’s school of history, 256
Cranz (Zelenogradsk), 403
Crimean war, 9n27
Index
453
Criteria defining geo-images: cultural, 11,
125n.89 135, 327-28, 340-42, 383-84,
446; ethnic (ethnographic), 26-28,
33, 62, 70-72, 84,100,124,128,
133-36,138,173,193-4,194n,16,
204, 206-7, 210, 213, 217, 220-21,
232, 247-48, 252, 270, 284, 294-95,
298, 301, 304, 424; geographic, 11,
33-34,133,154,195-6, 250, 262-63,
263n.98, 264-66, 356, 412, 445;
historical, 11, 24, 26-29, 33, 62,
99-100,115-21,130-33,147,169,
173,193, 206, 217, 226, 242, 244-49,
258, 263-66, 268, 336, 338, 342, 411,
424, 444, 449; linguistic, 125,127,
133,137, 155,157,163, 204-6,
210n.72, 220, 232, 244, 251n.47,
284-85, 287, 294, 298, 304, 328-31,
384-386, 408-11, 420, 424, 428;
economic, 247; pragmatic, 11, 249,
258, 447; religious, 27-28, 72, 287-7,
333-35; self-determination of the
population, 206-7, 217; territorial-ad-
ministrative division, 120,142-43,
145,147, 202, 215, 218, 221, 227n.l50,
244, 323-26, 39, 355, 445-46. See also
specific nationalisms
Criteria defining national identity:
anthropological, 113,139,194, 248;
common culture, 109-11,113-15,149;
ethnic origin, 51, 114, 208, 271; folk
culture, 113, 139, 156; history, 106-8,
115,168-69,192; language, 47-48,
50-51, 55-56, 84,100,110-15,128,
139,150-51,153, 156, 167-69,171,
192-3, 208, 232, 241-42, 248, 271,
282-84, 286, 380, 446; loyalty to the
state (political nation), 101-106,109,
115,150, 446; religion, 50-51, 55,
100,113-14,171, 247-48; social
status, 100,113; territory, 108-9,171.
See also specific national groups
Cultural landscape, 78, 84, 99,118, 173,
297, 383, 385-87, 389-91, 395-97,
402, 404-8, 410-12, 418, 448
Cultural transfer, 372, 372n.l
Curonian lagune, 227n.l53, 388n.57, 404
Czacki, Tadeusz, 104,106,108
Czerski, Stanislaw, 129,131
Czyiiski, Edward, 243n. 13,
248n.33-49n.39, 251n.47, 269n.l27
D
D^browski, Józef, 243n.l3, 245n.20, 246,
249n.39, 251n.47, 269n.l27
Dach, Simon, 406
Dambrauskas, Aleksandras (Jakstas,
Adomas), 292n.53
Danube, River, 166
Danzig (Gdansk), 423
Darbénai (Drobian), 339n.l09
Darkehmen (Darkiemis, Ozyorsk),
385-86, 400,424-26
Darshan, Moshe Itzhak, 335n.95
Dauguva (Düna, Western Dvina) River,
33,155
Daukantas, Simonas, 150-52,162, 223, 419
DaukSa, Jokübas, 153-55, 174
Davyd-Haradok, 292
Deime (Deyma), River, 385
Demonstrations in early 1860 in the fomer
PLC lands, 64
Dieveniskés, 214
Dethlefsen, Richard, 404
Discursive practice, 5, 8, 115, 282
“Divide and rule” principle, 69, 71, 75
Dnepr, River, 119, 134, 137, 250, 262,
266n.ll3, 285n.23, 321n.38, 329,
333, 342n.l21
Dohna-Schlobitten, Richard zu, 392
Dolbilov, Mikhail, 26, 45, 53
Domasevicius, Andrius, 203
Donelaitis, Kristijonas, 405-7, 427
Dovnar-Zapolskii, Mitrofan, 40, 281,
289-91
Dovydaitis, Juozapas Silvestras, 170
Dresden, 403
Drissa (Verkhniadzvinsk), 333n.85
Druia, 333n.85, River, 214
Druskininkai, 222, 232, 267n.ll5
Drybin, 332n.75
Dubingiai, Lake, 210
Dubirdnkai (Dubeningken), 424
Dubnov, Semion (Shimon), 316n.l8, 317,
318n.24, 321n.38
Dubroüna, 333n.85
454
Index
Dubysa, River 59m 140
Dunin-Martsinkevich,
Vintsent-Iakub, 285
Durnovo, Mikhail, 287
Dvinsk (Dinaburg, Daugavpils), 297, 337;
District 288n.33
Dziarzhynsk, 325
Dzisna, District, 50, 64, 71, 155, 196, 214,
261n.88, 288m 33, 333
E
East, 9, 9n.27
Eastern Christian (Orthodox) Church, 24,
43, 77-78
Eberhardt, Piotr, 240, 256
Eisenstadt, Avraham, 330
Eisiskes, 261n.88
Ekaterinoslav, Province, 333
Elections to Russian State Dumas in
Lithuania, 347, 350, 352, 357
Elias, Norbert, 449n.3
Elbing (Elbl^g), 423
Encunai (Enzuhnen), 424
Enlightenment, 9,101,102,109, 446
Entente countries, 425
Epstein, Yehiel Mikhel, 333-34,
327, 329
Erkert, Roderick, and his atlas in French
and Russian, 51-52, 56m 131
Espagne, Michel, 372n.l
Ethnographic expeditions: to Belarus,
287m32; to Lithuania, 31, 31n.29
Etnograficheskaia karta belorusskogo
plemeni: Belorusskie govory
(Ethnographic Map of the
Belarusian tribes: Belarusian
Dialects) (1903), by Efvimii
Karskii, 285-86, 289
Europe, 41, 55,107,146,189, 220, 263,
324, 353, 375, 387-88, 409, 411-15;
Central, 6, 8, 189; Eastern, 6, 8, 9,
189, 231, 280, 313, 324, 344; Western
8, 42, 51-52
Evangelical Lutheran Church in East
Prussia, 397, 424
Exhibitions, expositions, 205, 391-2,
402-3, 407
Exterritorial personal autonomy, 349
F
Fedorowicz, Irena, 256n.63
Feldmann, Wiichelm, 256
Filiushkin, Aleksandr, 38, 40
Finland, 6; Grand Duchy, 258
Finno-Ugric tribes, 349
Finns, 381n.30
Fishman, David E., 344
France, 10n.38, 28, 38,145, 378
Friedman, Naftali, 353
Friedrich Wilhelm I, King of Prussia, 374,
376, 397
Friedrich Wilhelm II, King of Prussia, 375
Froelich, George, 384
G
Gabrys, Juozas, 189, 219n.ll4, 221ml25,
224-25, 229
Gadon, Wlodzimierz, 130-32
Gaigalaitis, Vilius (Gaigalat,
Wiichelm), 425
Galicia, 35,144, 254, 264, 323m43,
330m65
Gargzdai, 339ml09
Gamys (Heron), newspaper, 7
Gellner, Ernest, 24
“Geo-body” (“national body”), 9-10, 12,
24, 218, 231, 254, 271, 444-45,
447-49. See also “national territory”
Geography textbooks as instruments of
socialization, 46, 208, 29In. 114,
221n.l25, 226, 231, 262-65, 412-13
German, Karl, 46
German, 388n.57
Germanic languages, 381
Germanization, 218, 392-93, 426
Germans, 7n.20, 36, 221, 226, 269n.l25,
371, 379, 381, 392, 409, 413, 418-19,
423; culture, 341, 396-97, 406, 418,
418n.l31, 419, and its penetration in
East Prussia, 221; nation, 405, 407;
nationalism, 391, 393, 396
Germany (German/Hohenzollern Empire;
German Reich), 4, 38, 218, 230, 254,
326, 371, 381, 388, 391-94, 396-99,
403-8, 414-16, 422, 443, 447; army,
371; colonial policy, 392; unification
in 1870-71, 399; lands, 449n.3;
Index
455
German-speaking lands, 379; Kaiser
of, 398; unification wars (1864,1866,
and 1870-1871), 400
Gibianski, Yosef, 323
Girferding, Aleksandr, 31n.29, 54, 55
Gintsburg, Gabriel Yaakov, 337
Gira, Liúdas, 292n.53, 295n.64
Gisevius, Eduard, 383
Gizbert-Studnicki, Wactaw, 267
Glagau, Otto, 383, 407n.l04
Glinski, Kazimierz, 269n.l24
Gloger, Zygmunt, 245n.23
Goldap (Goldap), 385-86, 388n.57, 400,
424-26
Goldshmidt, A. L, 354-56, 358
Gómalevskis, Petras, 170
Gomel, 321n.38, 346-47
Gorizontov, Leonid, 61n.l47
Gorki, 332n.79
Gorodetsk, District 288n.33
Gory Gorki, 332n.75
Goths, 38In.30
Grabijolai, 135
Grabowski, Kazimierz, 114n.56
Grand Duchy of Lithuania (GDL), 3, 25,
25n.7, 27, 31, 38-45, 50, 52n.ll4, 101,
103n.21, 103n.23,105, 108, 111,
115-20,122,122n.77,124,128-29,
139,142,166,169,172, 201-2, 214,
217, 227, 227n.l53, 244, 245-46n.23,
284n.21, 288, 296, 298n.39, 303, 305,
314, 316-19, 321, 321n.34, 322-23,
330,332, 336, 342, 355-56, 358-59,
372, 372n.2, 379, 419, 443-46; «1772
borders” of, 116,119,124,142, 172,
444-45; grand dukes and dukes of,
136; the former territory of GDL
(historical Lithuania), 14, 24n.3, 28,
28n.l7, 29-30, 32, 34, 46, 58-59,
62n.l52, 68, 83, 85, 96, 97n.4, 100-1,
106, 111, 114-15,119,121,125-26,
129,139-41,143-45,148-49,172,
201-2, 206, 241, 243-44, 246,
247n.32, 249-51, 253, 256, 259,
261-62, 264-71, 304, 322, 357, 375,
379, 444, 447, 449; Jewish history in
the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, 314;
map of the GDL, 227; Orthodox in
the GDL, 44n.83, 330n.69; the
penetration of the Catholic Church
in the GDL, 355; political autonomy
of the former GDL lands, 139-40,
300-1, 300n.97, 304-5; restoration of
the GDL, 105,142, 201-2, 246, 252,
259, 260n.85, 282, 300
"Great Russian” provinces (Great Russia),
64, 72,121n.73
Great Seimas of Vilnius ([GSV] Didysis
Vilniaus Seimas\ Lithuanian congress
CLietuviit susivaziavimas)), 202, 204-5,
209n.69, 210, 217, 221
Grigorovich, Ivan, 287n.32
Grimm, Jacob, 380, 381
Grinius, Kazys, 207
Grodna, 43, 62n.l52,123,136,156, 212,
222, 259-61, 292, 297-98, 318-20,
322, 342n.l21; District, 47, 58,124,
126,168, 195, 288n.33, 389; Lithua-
nia's Grodna Province, 31, 314;
Province, 1, 30n.23,25, 31-32n.31,
33-35, 46-47, 50n.l09-51, 71-72,
74-75,100,118n.66,119,121,126,
137,140-46,168,172,195-96, 203-4,
207, 221-22, 227, 232, 249, 251n.47,
265-66, 287n.30-88n.33, 289-90,
292, 294, 299, 302-3n.l04, 305,
323-24, 347, 352, 355, 389, 444-45,
447; Voivodoship, 145;
Grodek (Horodok), 318
Grunwald, the Battle (1410), 268
Grzeskowiak-Krawicz, Anna, 106n.l6
Grzymala, Franciszek, 114n.56
Gumbinnen (Gusev), 126,169, 374-75,
384, 388n.57, 397, 399, 400-1, 403,
409, 415, 424;
Gumbinnen Governmental District
{Regierungsbezirk Gumbinnen), 376,
382-83, 385,397, 415
Gusinsky, Asya, 312
H
Hagen, Ludwig Philipp von, 375n.ll
Haim, Rabbi in Volozhin, 337
Halouchyn, 332n.75
Halpern, Israel, 316, 317n.23, 318
Hal’shany, 261n.88
456
Index
Haretski, Maksim, 292n.53
Harley, John Brian, 6
Hartknoch, Christoph, 373
Hasidism, 313, 315; Habad, 315, 325-26,
333, 333n.82, 334-35, 338, 340, 343,
359, 446
Haslinger, Peter, 10
Heimat, 394, 394n.71, 395, 401-2, 404,
406-7, 411, 414-15; Heimatkunde,
414; Heimatliteratur (Home litera-
ture), 407
Heinrichsdorf, 384
Heise, Hermann, 403
Hennenberger, Caspar, 372
Herder, Johann Gottfried, 112, 406
Herzog, Maryin, 315
Heydekrug (Silute), 385, 399, 400, 402,
410, 412, 424-25, 427-28
Historical discourse studies, 13
Hlybokae, 26ln.88
Hohenstein (Olsztynek), 385
Hohenzollerns, dynasty, 381, 397-99, 443
Holy See, 31
Homeland, 12-13, 80, 101-3, 103n.22,
104-8, 111, 141,143-44,147, 153,
156, 158-60,162-63,172-73,192,
199, 206, 223, 226-27, 279, 283, 345,
415. See also “nationalterritory”
Hroch, Miroslav, 157, 162
Humboldt, Wilhelm von, 112, 381
Hymns and hymnals, 158-60, 167
I
Iasel’da, River, 287
Igumen (Chervyen’), 142
Iljin Company, 35
Ilükste, District 49n,103
Imageology, 280
Imeretinskii, Aleksandr, 76
The Imperial Academy of Sciences
(1803-1836) (The Imperial Saint
Petersburg Academy of Sciences
(1836-1917)), 49, 285
The Imperial Academy of Sciences in
Vienna, 387
Inflanty 1, 117, 119, 129, 149, 320; Polish
Inflanty, 118, 141, 144; Voivodo-
ship, 145
Inster (Instruch), 412
Insterburg (Chernyakhovsk), 384
Irkutsk, 340
Israel, land of, 324, 332, 337n.l01
Israel, Rabbi in Shldov, 336
Isserlein, Israel, 326
Ivanauskaite-Lastauskiene, Marija,
292n.53, 354n.l72
Ivanauskaite-Psibiliauskiene, Sofija,
354n.l72
Ivinskis, Laurynas, and his calendars,
163-68,171
Izabelin, 327n.52
Izhoria, 333n.85
J
Jabotinsky, Vladimir, 348-49
Jagiellonian princes, 159
Jalowecki, Boleslaw, and his “national
catechism,” 1-2
Jankowski, Czeslaw, 247n.32, 254-59,
270, 448
Jankus, Martynas, 421
Janowski, Aleksandr, 243n.l5
Jaroszewicz, Jozef, 123
Jaunjelgava (Friedrichstadt), 341
Jekabpils (Jacobstadt), 341
Jeleriska-Dmochowska, Emma, 269
Jelski, Aleksander, 244n.20
Jerusalem, 335
Jewish national movement (nationalism),
254, 301, 343, 349; activists of, 352;
Bund, 344-46, 351; The Jewish
People’s Group, 347, 349; The Jewish
Social Democratic Workers’ Party
Poalei-Zion, 346; Jewish Socialist
Workers’Party (SERP), 346; Jewish
Territorialist Organization (ITO),
346; Union for the Achievement of
Full Rights for the Jewish People in
Russia, 352; Zionist movement,
346-49; Zionist Socialist Workers’
Party, 345-46
Jews, 2, 7n.20,15, 46, 74, 163n.202, 193,
201, 245, 296, 300, 305, 314-18,
321n.38, 323, 327-29, 331, 333-59;
aliyah (emigration) to the Land of
Israel, 324; Ashkenazim, 324;
Index
457
Belarusian Hasidim, 324; bourgeoisie
in Warsaw, 344; in Courland, 340-41;
differences between Polish and
Lithuanian Jews, 316n.l7, 348; of
Eastern Europe, 312, 313n.6;
European, 325; Hasidic, 313, 324,
326, 332-35, 338n.l06, 343;
Haskalah, 343-44; intelligenstia, 344;
Litvaks (Lithuanian Jews), 312-13,
313n.6, 314, 314n.8, 321n.34, 322-23,
336, 341, 343, 344, 347; Maskilim,
331; Mitnagdic, 313, 324, 334n.88,
335n.96, 338, 342-43; Musar
movement, 335, 335n.95, 343,
343n.l26; in Muscovy, 317n.22;
non-Hasidic, 314, 324-25, 335; Pale
of Settlement in the Russian Empire,
323, 329, 338, 345, 353; in Palestine,
324-25; Polish, 323, 359; “Russian,”
348, 359. See also Hasidism; Spatial
image of Lithuania in Last European
Jewish discourse, Vaad Arba Aratzot;
Vaad Medinat Lita
Jezierski, Franciszek Salezy, 110
Joachim, Prince, Kaiser Wilhelm IPs
youngest son, 399
Jonava, 343n.l26
Jordans, dynasty of clergy, 382
Jucevicius, Liudvikas Adomas
(Jucewicz, Ludwik
Adam), 125-27,131
Jurbarkas, 320n.30, 339n.l09
Jurkowski, Roman, 256n.63
Juskyte, Jadvyga, 230, 231
K
Kairys, Klemensas, 153
Kairys, Steponas, 447
Kaisiadorys, 26In.88
Kalisk, 332-33n.85
Kalisz, Province 144
Kaluga, Province 290
Kalvaitis, Vilius, 423-24
Kalvarija, 155, 328; District 1, 47, 70, 124,
168,195, 215, 389
Kamen, 333n.85
Kamenskii, Aleksandr, 26
Kant, Immanuel, 406
Karamzin, Nikolai, 34, 40, 83
Karlin, 325, 343
Karpavicius, Mykolas Pranciskus,
103n.22,104, 111
Karskii, Evfimii, 281, 285-90, 293n.60
Kasakauskas, Kalikstas, 152n.l60
Kasarauskis, Ambraziejus, 133,134,151
Katinawa (Kattenau), 424
Katz, Dovid, 313n.6, 314, 318, 336,
338n.l08
Katzenelenbogen, M., 352
Katzenelenbogen, Shaul, 355
Katzenelenbogen, Uriah, 313n,7, 336, 354,
357, 359
Kaunas (Kovno, Kovna) 32, 62n.l52, 70,
120, 135,155,166, 260-61, 297, 314,
320, 327, 329-30, 344, 346, 350, 389,
448; District, 70, 126, 132, 168, 339;
governor of, 35-36; Province, 1,
30n.23, 25, 32n.31, 33, 36, 37n.52,
43, 43n.78, 49n.l03, 54, 59n.l40,
60-64, 67, 70-77, 84-85,118-19,121,
132, 144,146,155, 166,168,172,195,
203, 206n.61, 210-11, 222,
225-27n.l50, 232, 249, 251n.47,
261n.88, 262, 265-66, 269, 288n.33,
290, 293-94, 300-5, 312, 314, 323-25,
328, 335, 338, 339, 347, 351, 352, 355,
357-59, 444, 445; Voivodoship 145;
Khomich, Sergei, 280-81
Kedainiai, 59n.l40, 62,155, 261n.88, 320,
322, 339
Keime, 320n.30, 335n.95, 339n.l09,
343n. 126
Kernave, 134, 210n.72, 261n.88
Kholmech, 332n.75
Kiev (Kyiv), 267, 315, 323n.43;
Governor-generalship of, 74;
Province, 30, 65,140,144, 266, 329;
university, 74; Voivodship, 317
Kirkor, Adam Honory, 55n.l26,
56n.l32, 84
Kishinev, 112
Klein Tauerlaucken (Tauralaukis), 398
Kletsk, 342n.l21
Klimaitis, Pranas, 226-28
Klimas, Petras, 197, 447
Knaake, Emil, 405
458
Index
Koeppen (Keppen), Piotr, 47-50,
55-56n,131, 84,113,127, 167, 388
Koialovich, Mikhail, 45, 137
Koialovicius-Wijuk, Albertus, 379
Kolas, lakub (Mitskevich, Kanstantsin),
296-97
Kolyshki, 333n.85
Konopnicka, Maria, 269n.l24
Königsberg (Kaliningrad), 47, 126,155,
374, 377, 404, 406, 417, 422;
Departament 374; Governmental
District, 376, 384, 409; University of
Königsberg 382-84, 386, 406; Polish
language seminar at the University
of, 382n.30; Tiergarten 404,
Castle, 405
Kontseptsiia sobiraniia russkikh zemeF
(concept of the gathering of the
Russian lands), 26-27
Kopy s’, 321, 332n.75, 333n.85, 334
Korets, 338
Koreva, Anton, 138, 214, 232, 286n.28
Korotynski, Vintsent (Korotyñski,
Wincenty), 138n.l27
Kosciaikowski, Stanislaw, 245n.23
Kostsenevichy, 261 n. 88
Koydanov, 325, 343
Kraetke, Reinhold, 392
Krajowcy, 246, 247n.32, 251-52, 259, 282,
304,353
Kräslava (Kreslavka), 320, 333n.85
Krasnaluki, 333n.85
Kraupiszkas (Kraupischken), 424
Kraszewski, Józef Ignacy, 116, 123, 129
Kraziai, 320n.30, 339n.l09, 343
Krechetnikov, Mikhail, 28
Krekenava, 339m 109
Kremenchuk, 335
Kremenetz, lyceum, 104
Kretinga, 155, 339n.l09
Krychaü, 321n.38, 333n.85
Kulakauskas, Antanas, 3, 26, 96,157
Kulak, Teresa, 256
Kuntze, August, 384
Kupala, Janka (Lutsevich, Ivan), 279,
283n.l2, 284, 292m53, 297
Kurschat, Alexander (Kursaitis,
Aleksandras), 386
Kurschat, Friedrich, 382, 386, 389, 417, 425
Kursénai, 133, 343n.l26
Kurtuvênai, 133
Kuznetsov (Kalejs), Iulian, 31n.29, 56n.l33
L
Labiau (Labguva, Polessk), 155, 384-86,
400, 404, 424-26
Lachnicki, Ignacy Emanuel, 113
Lackner, Matthias, 382
Langhans, Paul, 410
Lasdehnen (Krasnoznamensk),
384n.38, 400
Lastoüski, Vaclaü, 290-92, 297-98,
354n.l72
Latgale, 64
Latyszonek, Oleg, 99,122n.77,136
Latvia, 166, 225
Latvian, languages as synonym to Baltic
languages, 381, 387, 388n.57
Latvians, 1, 23, 47, 47m92; 48, 49n.l03,
50n.l08, 54, 56ml31, 84, 122, 133,
167-68, 212, 222-23, 223n.l39;
227n.l50, 245, 356; Catholic, 141,
356; as a Lithuanian tribe, 356;
nation, 381n.30; relationship to
Lithuanians 222-23, 223n.l69; as
synonym to Balts, 381; tribes of,
122. See also Balts
Laukiszka (Laukischken), 424
Lauknei (Lauknen), 424
Lazduny, 214
Lebedkin, Mikhail, 50, 286n.28
Lebenzon, Avraham Dov, 337
Lefebvre, Henri, and his concept of the
production of social space, 5, 97
Leipünai, 155
Leipzig, University, 411
Lemberg, Hans, 9n.27
Leningrad, 312. See also St, 'Petersburg
Lepel’, District 288n.33
Levin, Dov, 314
Liady, 326, 331, 333-34, 342n.l22
Liavitski, Anton, (Iadvihin Sh) 295
Liberation War (1813-1815), 398, 400
Lida, 71, 124,127, 135-36, 212, 214,
261n.88; District 47, 52, 55, 58,123,
126,168,196, 213, 227n.l51, 261n.88
Index
459
Lielupé, River, 155
Liepäja (Libau, Libava), 156, 223, 341
Lipiñski, Tymoteusz, 111,116,118
Lipman, D. M., 338n.l07,n.l08, 341
Lipshitz, Yaakov Halevi, 328, 339nA10
Lipsk, 323
Liozna, 333n.85
Lite, almanac, 354-56
Lite-Zamet, 342
Lithuania: baptism of, 116,167; Christian-
ization, 246; districts, 70;
ethnographic (ethnic), 2-3, 7,14-15,
32, 41, 97,120,193, 204-5, 207,
209-10, 214, 222,244, 251, 251n.47,
252,254-55, 302, 306, 336, 346-47,
350, 358, 447-448; “genuine,” 389;
“The government of Lithuania in
Gumbinnen” [Regierung in Litthauen
zu Gumbinnen), 375; “Gudian
[Belarusian] Lithuania,” 420; interwar
Republic, 314, 335, 342, 358, 371, 443;
“Kaunas Lithuania,” 443; Lithu-
an-Samogitia” (“ Samog-Lithuania”),
197; province in the Russian Empire,
31, 443; provinces in the Russian
Empire, 31, 33-35, 65, 68, 83, 203,
314, 347, 353,445; Major, 219-20,
419-23; Minor, 4, 218, 218n.ll4,
220-21, 389, 419, 420, 420-21n.l36,
421-22, 428; “Poland’s Lithuania,”
120; propria (sobstvennaia/real), 44,
84, 336, 342, 342n.l21, 359, 443, 445;
old, 137; province in the Russian
Empire, 31, 443; Prussian, 2, 4,125,
125n.89,129,149,155,173, 208,
218-20, 382, 384, 387, 390-91,
396-94, 399-404, 407-8, 412, 416-17,
419- 23, 425, 428; Prussia’s Royal
Province of [Königlich Preussische-
Regierung der Provinz Litthauen), 375;
“Russian” (“Muscovian”), 120,
420- 21; Soviet Socialist Republic, 3;
synod of the Reformed Evangelicals
of (synod of the Vilnius Reformed
Evangelicals), 31. See also Highland;
Samogitia; Zamet
Lithuanian Literary Society, 384-86, 390,
395, 395n.73, 402-3
Lithuanian, 47n.92, 54, 69, 98,123,148,
151-52,152n.60,156,161-62,
164-65,169,199, 206, 211, 248,
269n.l25, 292n.53, 349-50, 381-84,
386; comparison with Sanskrit, 383;
Cyrillization, 55; Latin alphabet, 163,
203, 220, 225n.l45, 354; Lithua-
nian-Prussian language, 161; place
names in Lithuanian-Samogitian, 35;
Prussian, 387. See also Samogitian
Lithuanian and Belarusian Constitutional
Catholic Party [LBCCP] [Stronnictwo
konstytucyjno-katolickie na Litwie i
Bialorusi), political party, 260,
260n.85, 261
Lithuanian nationalism (national
movement), 2,14, 76,190-91,
192n.8,193,194n.l6,195,197, 200-2,
204, 209, 212n.83, 216-20, 225, 231,
233, 257, 293, 295n.64, 301-2, 304,
347, 350, 350n.l51, 353, 355-56, 413,
420, 426, 428, 444, 448; 1905
memorandum to the Russian
government, 202-3, 207n.l09, 221,
445; activists, 192-93, 201, 205, 207,
210-13, 216, 225, 228-29, 251, 295,
295n.64; “Amber Declaration,” 220;
Catholic press, 198-99; Christian
Democrats, 204; The Committee of
the Lithuanian Society to Assist
Victims of the War, 221n.l25;
conception of civic nation, 192;
cultural movement in Prussia, 393;
independent state as a goal, 217-18;
leftists, 7n.20,191,192n.8,194, 201,
207, 233, 351, 447; liberal press, 198;
Lithuanian (later—of Lithuania)
Democratic Party (LDP), 205-7, 209,
233n.l63, 301, and their press, 206;
Lithuanistic movement, 148, and
activists of this movement, 150;
National Democrats, 202n.48;
National Lithuanian Democratic
(NLD) Party, 206; “nationalization”
of nobility, 193-4; overcoming
regional split, 153-54,156-57,161,
167-71,173-74,197-201, 232, 444;
rightists, 7n.20,191,192n.8,194, 207,
460
Index
233, 255n.59; Social Democrats, 192,
194-3,195n.21, 203-4, 209n.69,
214n.91, 217, 221-22, 301-2, 351, and
their press, 204; territorial autonomy
within the ethnographic boundaries
of, 348, 350-53. See also Spatial image
of Lithuania in the Lithuanian
discourse
Lithuanians: acculturation of, 85;
assimilation of, 85,123,135,173, 414;
Belarusianized, 206, 221n.l25;
Catholic, 53, 85,168; culture of,
348-49, 355, 421, 426-27; elite of, 5;
intelligentsia, 15,156, 173-74,190,
195,197, 201-2, 206-7, 210-11,
214-17, 218n.l09, 220, 223, 225-26,
229, 231-32, 247, 293, 301, 444-45,
447; “Lithuanians-Samogitians,” 35,
54, 67, 69,152; nation, 1, 43, 54,116,
125-27, 149-52,156-57,160,167-68,
170,173-74,193, 200n.38, 201n.43,
218, 223, 226, 405, 407; relationship
to Slavs (Russians), 35, 47-48;
Polonized, 206; Protestants, 125,
168; Orthodox, 168; pagan faith of,
77,166-67, 355, 355n.l74; Prussian,
15, 48, 49n.l03,198, 218, 371, 378,
380-1, 383, 393-94, 403, 407, 410,
412-28; Prussian Lithuanians’
bilingualism, 416; tribe of, 39, 48,
125,129,167-68; tribes of, 122-23,
129,132,135, 157,173; "tribe of
heruli,” 165. See also Highlanders;
Samogitians
Litovskaia Rus’ (Lithuanian Rus’),
newspaper, 32
Liubavskii, Matvei, 40, 44
Liubeshiv, 325
Livonia, Province 144, 227n.l50
Lomonosov, Mikhail, 48n.99
Lomza, 70, 325
Lubavich, 329, 331, 334
Lubech, 321n.38
Lublin, 317n.23; Province 144
Lukoml, 333n.85
Lutsk-Zhytomyr Catholic Diocese, 76
Lutskevich, Anton, 287n.32, 289, 290,
294, 300, 302-4
Liutsin, District, 288n.33
Luksalte, Inge, 372n.2
Luksiene, Meile, 163
Luntz, Avraham Moshe, 350
Lviv (Lwow, Lemberg), 262, 321n.34, 328
M
Maciejauskas, Antanas, 203, 212, 225
Maciulis-Maironis, Jonas, 200n.38, 202,
211, 214, 223, 226, 293n.58
Magileu, 259, 260-61n.88, 297, 324, 331,
332; Province, 30n.23-31, 64-68,
72,101,118,119, 121-22, 136-37,
140-42,145-46,148, 265-66,
287-90, 294, 299, 303n.l04, 305,
323, 324-26, 333, 335, 347; Voivodo-
ship, 145;
Maimon, Yehuda Leib Ha-Cohen, 343
Majerski, Stanislaw, 243n.l3, 250, 262-65
Maksimov, Sergei, 287n.32
Maliszewski, Edward, 245n.20, 248n.36,
267n.ll4, 269n.l27
Malwiszkas (Mallwischken), 424
Map as instruments of acquiring
symbolic power, 5-7, 6n.l5, 7n.l9,
7n.20, 9n.31, 46n.87, 47-48, 55,
84-86, 189-90, 203, 205, 207-8,
210, 210n.72, 212, 214, 218n.H0,
222-25, 225n.l45, 226-29, 229n.l57,
n.158, 230-31, 231n.l60, 232,
245n.21, n.23, 250-51, 251n.48,
n.49, 252-53, 255, 263, 263n.98,
264-65, 265n.l04, 285-86, 289,
372-73, 388, 388n.57, 389,
409-41, 425
"Map of the Lithuanian-Latvian Land”
(1900) by Maciejauskas, 203, 225,
225n.l45
Marek, Pesach, 319n.28, 321n.38
Marienburg (Malbork), 403, 412, 423
Marienwerder (Kwidzyn), 423
Marijampole (Senapile), District 1, 47, 70,
124,168,195, 215, 389
Markovich, Moshe, 339
Maskuliüniene, Dziuljeta, 169
Matulionis, Povilas, 207, 209n.72,
227n.l50
May 3,1791, Constitution, 143
Index
461
Mazury, Province 144
Mazyr, City, 65, 261, 284; District 142,
288n.33
Medil River, 210n.72
Mehlauken (Zalesje), 400
Mehlkehmen (Kalinino), 400, 424
Memel (Klaipéda), 126, 382, 384-85,
398-99, 400-1, 402, 404,410,
417-18, 421-28; The Municipal
Museum in, 403
Memelgebiet, 411-12
Mendel, Menahem, 332
Mendelsohn, Ezra, 344
Mental maps, 5-6, 7-10,13,14n.54, 24,
24n.3, 25, 34, 57-58, 63, 86,118,172,
219, 232, 241-42, 270, 315, 323,
341-42, 352, 357-58
Merech, 343n.l26
Merimsky, David, 312
Merkys, Vytautas, 45n.87, 49n.l05,
62n.l52
Metageography, 280
Mickiewicz, Adam, his poem Pan-
Tadeusz, 101
Middle Ages, 226, 227n,150
Mielcke, Christian Gottlieb, 384, 385
Miller, Aleksei, and his distinction
between Russia as empire and
"national territory,” 24
Minsk, 258-61, 297, 342n.l21, 344,
346; Province, 1, 30n.23, 25,
31n.27, 33, 34, 46, 51, 58, 65-66,
71-72, 119, 121, 134, 136, 140-42,
144, 172, 227, 256, 265-66,
287-90, 292, 294, 299, 303, 305,
323, 324-25, 333, 336m99, 347,
444; Voivodoship 117, 145
Mir, 328n.55, 343
Mïtava (Jelgava), 223
Mochnacki, Maurycy, 109
Moltke, Friedrich, 392
Moltke, Julie von, 391
Moravskis, Alfonsas, 195n.21
Moscow, 31, 65~66n.l66,154, 206n.61,
331, 344; "nation of,” 107;
Dialectology Committee,
288n.32; university, 291
Moszyhski, Julian, 130
Mother tongue, 105, 111, 150,153,161,
162,194,195n.21, 284
Motieka, Egidijus, 217n.l09
Mstsislaü, 335, Voivodoship 117, 320
Munkac (Mukacheve), 329
Murav’ev, Andrei, 77-78
Murav’ev, Mikhail, 39, 45, 54, 64-65,
70-72, 77, 80-82 monument of, 78,
80, 80n.218, 81-82, 84; square, 79
Muscovy (the Grand Duchy of Moscow),
27, 43, 317, 330n.69
Muscovites, 144,159
Musninkai, 210n.72
N
Nadezhdin, Nikolai, 49
Nadrovia, 373, 385-87, 389, 411, 448
Nalkowska, Anna, 264, 265
Nalkowski, Waclaw, 250, 263, 445
Names of locations: changing, 35-37, 83
Napoleonic Wars, 139, 378
Napoleon’s army, 331
Narbutt, Justyn, 116
Narbutt, Teodor, 44n.83, 55, 56n.l32, 84,
123-25,127-28, 232
Narew River, 287-88n.33
Naród Polski ijego ojczyzna (The Polish
nation and its homeland) (1914),
brochure by Czeslaw Jankowski, 254
Nash krai (Our land), newspaper, 356-57
Nasha Dolia (Our Share, 1906),
newspaper, 303
Nasha Niva (Our Soil) (1906-1915),
newspaper, 281, 283-84, 284n.l6,
289-90, 292-93, 293n.58, 294-96,
296n.70, 296n.71, 297, 297n.74, 298,
303, 303n.l04
Natanga, 374, 396
Nathansohn, Yosef Shaul, 328
Nation state, 12,190, 257
National groups, non-dominant, of, 5, 11,
24, 74, 279, and their nationalisms,
189, 231
National identities, journal, 9
National minorities, 349
"National territory,” 2, 3, 5-6, 9-10,
10n.25, 11-14, 23-24, 56-57, 75, 83,
85-86,138,158,189-90,193-95,197,
462
Index
202, 211-12, 214, 220-21, 225-26,
232, 241-42, 251, 254-55, 271,
280-84, 289-90, 294, 298, 304-5,
347, 353, 359, 443, 445-49; core of,
11, 207-11, 215, 243, 254-56, 270,
447-48; emotional ties to, 13;
influence of cultural (nationhood)
idioms, 10-11,10-1 In. 38,101-15,
190, 446; influence on the definitions
of national identity, 11, 271, 447;
interplay of different discourses on,
11, 14, 271, 448-49; periphery of, 11,
207-11, 254, 448; semi-core of, 11;
Space-gathering centers (Sacred
centers), 12, 196; Symbolic appropri-
ation (nationalization,
homogenization) of space, 12-14,
77-83, 86, 229, 231, 267, 292, 296,
305, 396, 408, 427; territoriaBzation
of memory, 13. See also Homeland;
and specific nationalisms
Nationalism: ethno-symbolist interpreta-
tion of, 13; primordialistic, 193-94,
264, 283; studies of, 9, 11
Nationalization of the masses, 197, 226,
241, 281-82, 294-95, 297, 305,
394, 444
Naujamiestis, 320
Navahrudak, 44, 261, 327n.52,53,
333-34, 342n.l21; Voivodoship 117,
118n.66, 145
Nazimov, Vladimir, 25n.30, 68-69, 71
Nemaksiai (Nemokshty), 339n.l09
Nemezis, 295
Nemunas, River 12, 41,119-20, 123,131,
133-35,145, 148, 155, 208, 210n.72,
227, 262, 285n.23, 320, 342n.l21,
398; Basin, 356; Region, 119-21, 129,
152,169
Neris (Vilia), River, 59n.l40,123,135,
137,155,165, 210n.72, 262, 357
Nesselmann, Georg Heinrich Ferdinand,
383, 406
Neve!’, 312, 333n.85; District 288n.33
Nevezis, River, 126,130,132-33,155,164,
168, 338n.l08
Nezabitauskas, Kajetonas, 161, 162
Niasvizh, 261n.88, 327n.52, 343
Nibudzei (Niebudzen), 424
Nidden (Nida), 408, 424
Niederung, 424-25, 428
Nicholas I, Emperor of Russia, 31, 33
Nicholas II, Emperor of Russia, 82
Nizhyn, 314
Niz, 321, 321n.38; Ponizowie, 321n.38
Nobility: Lithuanian, 39, 97-98, 105-6,
114-15,118,121, 136-37,139, 141-43,
148-49,172,193-94, 204,
247-48n.32, 269; estates of, 269-71;
multi-stage identity of, 149; of PLC,
101-3, 103n.23,104-6. See also
Spatial image of Lithuania in the
Lithuanian society in the first half of
the nineteenth century
Nordenburg (Krylovo), 388n.57
Norkitten, 386, 400
Norkyciai, 47
North, 9n.27
Northwestern provinces (Northwest
Region; NWR), 30, 30n.26, 32n.30,
37, 39, 54, 63, 68, 71-74, 77, 121,
145, 173, 203, 216-17, 244-45,
245n.20, 246n.24, 257, 260-61, 265,
266n.lll, 281, 289-90, 323, 345-46,
349, 355, 358
Nosovich, Ivan, 287n.32
Novikov, Nikolai, 36
Novoaleksandrovsk (Zarasai) District, 35,
59n.l40, 64, 70-71, 126,168,
288n.33, 294, 338n.l07-39, 349n.l51
Novorossiia Province, 329
Novozybkov, 327n.53, 334
o
Ober-Eisseln (Gorino), 400
Oberland, 374, 395
Oder, River, 250
Oginski, Michal Kleofas, 105-7, 109,
139-40
Ogonczyk, Narcyz, 249
Old believers, 85
Oleksai (Alexen), 424
Onacewicz, Ignacy Zegota, 116,123
Opaliñski, Edward, 103n.23
Opole region of Silesia, 254
Ordensland, 394, 396, 416, 418-19
Orient, 8-9
Oriola, Waldemar von, 392
Index
463
Orlov, Province, 290
Orlowicz, Mieczysiaw, 266
Orlowski, Waclaw, 250
Orsha, 331, 333n.85
“Orthodoxy, autocracy, and
nationality (narodnost’),”
principles of, 42, 80
Oster, 321m38
Ostermeyers, 382
Ostmark, 418, 418m 131
Ostpreußisches Heimatmuseum, 404
Ottorzhennaia vozvratikh (To recover
what was torn away), medal, 26
Ovruch, District, 317-19
P
Pabreza, Jurgis Ambraziejus, 133,198
Pakruojis, 320
Palanga, 49n.l03,131, 155,196, 221, 225,
232, 251n.47, 320n.30, 339n.l09-41;
District, 1
Palesse, 117, 145, 289, 321n.38
Palestine, 324-25, 350
Panevezys (Upyte), 328, 339n.l09, 343;
District, 126,132,168
Papelkei (Popelken), 424
Parafiianovo, 261m 88
Paris, 130, 330
Passarge, Ludwig, 406
Pashkevich, Alaiza (Ciotka), 283n.l2
Pastovys, 210n.72
Pasvalys, 320
Pelikan, Waclaw, 49
Peleninkai (Pelleningken), 424
Pervalka, 210n.72
Petronis, Vytautas, 46m89-47n,95,
51-52, 229
Pietist laymen (.sakytojai), 413
Pikeliai, 328n.55
PÜlkallen (Dobrovolsk), 384-85, 400,
412, 424
Pilsudski, jozef, 239, 244
Pinsk, 142, 261n.88, 318-19, 322, 325,
333m82, 342-43, 346; District
287-88m33, 292
Pissa, 412
Pi vor as, Saulius, 99,158
Plague of 1709-1711, 374, 377, 397
Plater, Stanislaw, 113,115,119,127
Platon, Orthodox Metropolitan of
Kiev, 80
Ptock, Province, 144, 327n.53
Plunge, 320n.30, 339n.l09
Pobedonostsev, Konstantin, 80
Podlasie, Province, 144,149, 318, 324
Podolia, Province, 30m23, 34-35,140,
144, 313, 315, 329, 345
Pogodin, Mikhail, 41
Poland, 2, 23,105, 111, 122, 143-44,147,
154.159.172- 73, 239-47, 249-50,
251n.47, 253-54; 255n.59, 256,
258-59, 260n.85, 263-66, 268-71,
300n.97, 303, 315, 327-30, 337,
344-46, 354, 358, 380, 447; “border-
lands” (kresy) of, 240-41, 243, 250,
254, 258, 268, 270, and literature “of
the borderlands”, 268-71; core, 254;
ethnographic, 243, 243m 13, 448;
Great, 116-17, 268, 317n.l9, 324,
331; “Polish districts” in Prussia, 377;
ethnographic, 243, 243m13, 254, 258,
258m75, 259, 270, 448; historical
Poland, 264, 266, 270; Little, 116-17,
317n.l9, 324; “Poland-Galicia,”
327n.51; “Russian Poland,” 327m51;
Second Republic of, 247m 29,
316n.l5; Poland as Kingdom (until
1795), 1-2, 25, 25n.8, 26, 28-29, 34,
39, 41-43, 83,116,117,119, 129,
142n.l37,149,159,165,166-67, 227,
245m23, 267-68, 316-19, 321m34,
393, 445; history of, 259
Poland as Kingdom (Vistula region) in the
Russian Empire (Congress Poland),
1-2, 25, 46, 48, 71, 71nJ87, 75,
76n.l98,100-1,106,119,120,
120n.71,124, 130-31,139-40,143,
145.148.164.168.172- 73, 215, 217,
254, 257, 258, 260-64, 322, 324-25,
328-29, 353, 356, 446, and the army
of, 143
Polatsk, 66-67, 117,170, 332; District,
288n.33; Province, 332, 333
Poles, 1, 7n.20, 23, 36, 39, 46, 50-52,
52mll4, 54-56, 56nl32, 61, 69,71,
74-76, 76n.l98, 80-82, 84,104-5,
107,109,142n.l35, 149,159,169,193,
201, 217, 241-42, 244-45, 245m20,
464
Index
246, 246n.24, 247, 247-48n.32, 248,
248nJ3, 248n34, 250, 252, 254,
256-57, 259-60, 265-69, 271, 287,
296, 300, 305, 344, 349, 353, 356,
392, 447-48; Catholic, 393; "half,”
67; intelligentsia, 249, 259, 261-62,
447; literature, 269; nation, 80,104,
109,149, 241-42; politicians, 243-44,
249-50, 257n.69, 259; Polska Macierz
Szkolna (The mother of the schools
of Poland), 259-60; Polskie
Towarzystwo Krajoznawcze (the
Polish society of local studies), 265
“real,” 1, 67, 287; as slaves in
Medieval Lithuania, 248; society,
81-82,139, 243, 271; landowners in
Lithuania, 352
Polish, 69,114,114n.56, 125, 241, 248, 295
Polish-Catholic propaganda, 39
Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth (PLC),
26, 33, 58,102n.l6,105-6,108,
110-11,116-17, 144,158,166-67,172,
247, 323, 332, 359, 379; former
territory of, 33-34, 53, 58, 64, 98,
106,109-13,120,129,139,143-44,
146, 242, 251, 264, 447; “1772
border” of, 140,144, 242-43,
243n.l3, 263-64, 359, 447; map of,
245n.23; partitions of (1772-95),
25-26, 28-29, 34n.36, 38n.54, 78,
100,108, 110,115,120,131-32,150,
264, 316n.l7, 332; First partition
(1772), 26-27, 31, 33, 83, 116,136,
142, 145, 242-43; Second partition
(1792), 26-28, 31m27, 33, 38-39, 83;
Third (1795) partition, 26, 28,
62n.l52, 33, 38n.54, 62n.l52,104,
322, 332; plans for restoration of, 34,
83,139-41, 143-48, 270. See also
Union ofHorodlo; Union ofKrewo;
Union of Lublin
Poiish-Lithuanian conflict, 248n.32
Polish nationalism (national movement),
2, 239, 242, 270, 293n.59, 301, 447;
leaders (representatives) of, 242, 301;
National Democrats {Narodotoa
Demokracja - (Endecja)), 7n.20, 201,
241-42, 245, 245n.21, 247, 249,
259-60, 263, 267-68; Oswiata
(Education), the Polish Education
Society, 259-61, 261n.88; Socialist
Party (Polska partja socjalistyczna -
PPS), 239, 300, 300n.97; PPS na
Litwie, 204, 222, 351. See also Spatial
image of Lithuania in the modem
Polish discourse
Politicization of ethnicity, 74, 84
Polska etnograficzna (Ethnographic
Poland) (1914), by Czeslaw
Jankowski, 254-55
Poltava, Province 333
Pomerania, 378
Popov, Vasilii, 72
Porter, Brian A., 240, 242
Poska, Dionizas, 47n.94, 49,108,149-50,
152,162
Potapov, Aleksandr, 32n.30, 67, 70-71
Pott, August Friedrich, 383
Poznan, 144, 254
Pregel (Pregolya) River, 412
Prienai, 328n.54
Primers as tools of nationalization, 160-63
Pripyat River, 134
Prokuls (Priekule), 400, 417
Propojsk (Slauharad), 321n.38
Protestantism, 167
“Provinces annexed from Poland”
(“Polish provinces,” “the new
provinces annexed from Poland,”
“former Polish provinces,”), 25,
25n.8; 26, 29, 34
“The provinces (the land) returned from
Poland,” 25n.8, 28-29, 83
Prus, Boieslaw, 269
Prussia, 15, 32, 36,105,120,125-26,
129-31,144,155-56,165,168,173,
195, 208, 227, 227n.l50, 256, 322,
324, 355, 371-72, 372n.2, 373-74,
377-78, 380-81, 385, 387, 388n.57,
389, 391-93, 399, 405-6, 409-10,
414-15, 418, 420, 420n.l36, 422-23,
428; army units, 401, 401n.83; duchy
of, 373-74, 377; duke of, 372; East, 4,
47,125,144,196, 218, 219n.ll4, 220,
221, 232, 371, 374-75, 378-79, 384,
386, 390, 392-93, 393n.68, 394-98,
index
465
400, 403-6, 409, 411-15, 415n.l26,
416, 419-28; king of, 104, 376, 378,
392; kingdom of, 4,104, 414;
monarch, 393; “old-Prussian
patriotism,” 376, 377n.l5, 381,
382n.32, 383; province, 376, 378, 382,
394, 416, 417, 418, 418n.l31, 419, 423;
patriotism, 393; state, 384, 415;
society, 413; West, 375, 393-94, 396,
405, 414-16, 418, 418n.l31, 421-23
Prussian, 383, 386
Prussians, one of the Baltic tribes, 122,
167, 218, 376-77, 380-81, 382n.32.
See also Balts
Prushinski, Eustachy, 256
Pruskin, Pesah, 335n.95
Pruzhany, District, 288n.33
Pskov, Province 26, 288n.33, 290, 312
Pumpenai, 320
“Pupils’ Affair” in 1852-54, 61
Pushkin, Aleksandr, monument of, 78
Pypin, Aleksandr, 287n.32
R
Rabinovich-Teumim, Eliyahu David,
328n.55, 342
Rabinovich, Zeev Wolf, 333n.82
Radun’, 214
Ragachou, 321n.38
Ragnit, 383, 384-85, 400, 412, 424-28
Raila, Stanislovas, 211
Rakau, 261n.88
Rambynas, 427
Raseiniai, 320, 339, District 43n.78,
59n.l40, 60, 62, 70,130-32,168
Raysn, 15, 313n.4, 320, 321n.34, 322-25,
327, 327n.23, 329, 329n.61, 330-38,
340, 342, 358-59, 444, 446; medinat,
321-22, 331, 332, 332n.76, 333
Rechytsa, 142, 321n.38, 332n.75
Reformation, 372, 382, 396
Revolution, of 1905,109, 202, 204, 206-7,
215-17, 223, 225, 348, 350
Rhesa, Martin Ludwig, 381n.30-82
Reichsnation, 392-94
Representations of space, 5, 232, 271, 396
Republic as an ideal form of government,
103,103n.22
Rétablissement, 396
Rietavas, 320n.30, 339ml09, 343n.l26
Riga, 334-35, 340, 345
Rimsa, Petras, 219, 231
Rittich, Aleksandr, 210n.72, 388
Rodziewiczowna, Maria, 269
Rogalski, Leon, 117
Romanovs dynasty, 42
Romanticism, 113, 446
Römer, Eugeniusz, 247n.29, 250,
263, 445
Römeris, Mykolas (Römer, Michal),
251-53, 353-54n.l69
Romer-Ochenkowska, Helena, 262,
264, 268
Rominte (Krasnaya), 412
Rouba, Napaleon, 266-67
Royal Military and Domain Chamber
{Königliche Krieges- und zu Domainen-
cammer zu Gumbinnen) in
Gumbinnen (now Gusev), 374
Rozenboym, Shimshon, 314
Rüdininkai, 210n.72
Rupkalwen (Rupkalviai), 399
Rurikid dynasty, 41, 43
Rus’, 15, 38, 43-44, 44n.80, 50, 77, 82, 85,
136,144, 147, 245n.20, 246n.24, 291,
321, 321n.35, 330, 336, 358, 444;
Black Rus’ {Chiomaia Rus’), 291;
Carptho, 329; Chelmian, 25;
Czerwona, 321n.34; Lithuanian Rus’
{Litovskaia Rus’), 14, 32, 32n.30,
n.31, 44, 82,122,124,174, 252, 291;
Moscow (Muscowy), 38, 291;
Northwest, 82; Western, 44, 50, 82;
White Rus’ {Belaia Rus’), 27-28n.l4,
100,118-19,121-22,122n.77,129,
134-39,148,172,174, 280, 291,
296n.70; 299, 330. See als Raysn
Russia: autocracy, 42-43, 80; Council of
Ministers, 73; “East,” 42; emperor,
80,100, 105-6; Geographical Society
(the Imperial Russian Geographical
Society [IRGS] (since 1850), 49-50,
287n.32, 388n.55; government,
7n.20, 24, 26-27, 31-32, 37-38, 42,
44-45, 49, 57-60, 62-65, 65n.l64,
68-69, 71, 73, 77-84,101,106,131,
466
Index
142,160,199, 202-3, 221, 256,
258n.75, 259-61, 271, 323, 357-58,
445; “inner provinces,” (“inner
Russia”) 67, 83; Little, 127, 250,
331n.73, and its provinces, 34;
Ministry of Internal Affairs, 68,
73n.l93, 74-75; Ministry of Trans-
port, 37; as a national (Russian)
monarchy, 82; intellectual elite of the
empire, 14, 25, 40, 51, 56, 64-65, 83,
448; the ruling elite of the empire,
14, 25, 29, 38-41, 51, 56-57, 65,
74-75, 76n.l98, 83, 202, 221, 257,
445, 448; The Russian Language and
Linguistics Department of the
Russian Imperial Academy of
Sciences, 287n.32; West, 42; White,
331, 336. See also Spatial image of
Lithuania in the Russian discourse
Russian, 39, 287n.32
Russians, 2, 7n.20, 14, 23, 28, 39, 43,
44n.83, 49-50, 52, 54-55, 69, 74,
77-78, 80, 82, 85, 245, 287n.30,
289; Black, 138; Great, 26, 51;
historians, 38; Little, 54, 287;
nation, 42, 81; nationalism, 10, 85;
nationalists, 84 “real,” 54;
“tripartite nation,” 51, 285
“Russifiers,” 52
Ruthenian, 134-36
Ruthenians, 127,134-38,173-74; folk,
149, 174; territory populated by, 136,
174; tribes of, 134-36. See also
Belarusians
s
Safarik, Pavel Jozef, 47-49, 55, 112-13,
196,387-89
Sakyna, 133
Said, Edward, and his Orientalism, 8
Salantai, 320, 339n.l09
Sambia, 373-74, 382n.32, 396
Samland, 395
Samogitia (Zemaitija), 4, 14-15, 59,
59n.l40, n. 141, 60-62, 84,100,
121-24,125n.89,126-29,140-41,
145,149, 159, 164-66, 168, 171-73,
197, 198n.32, 199-200, 201n.43, 232,
292, 320, 328n.55, 338n.l08, 349,
358, 380, 444; Samogitian (Telsiai)
Diocese, 31, 60, 62n.l52, 76,
129-32,163,164, 170, 198n.32;
District of, 59; districts, 59n.l41,
60, 60n.l42, 61, 67, 67n.l71, 70;
Medininkai (Samogitian) Diocese,
131; principality (elderate), 59-61,
117-18, 130,132-33,148-49,159-60,
163, 320, 320n.33, 338, 359; proper,
133n.ll3; province of, 60. See also
Zamet
Samogitian, 59, 61,133, 151-52,152n.60,
156,161,164-65,168,173,198-99.
See also Lithuanian
Samogitians (;zematciai), 32n.31, 43n.78,
48, 60-61, 61n.l47, 68, 68n.l76,
69-70,131-32,146,149-52,154,156,
159-62,164-65,167-74,197,
197n.31, 198,198n.32,199-200,
200n.38, 200n.41, 201, 201n.43, 338,
354, 380, 387; “real,” 133n.ll3. See
also Lithuanians
Sandkrug (Smiltyne), 400
Sandomierz, Province 144
Saviscevas, Eugenijus, 99
Scalovia, 373, 385-87, 389, 411, 448
Schaaken (Nekrasovo), 388n.57
Schenk, Frithjof Benjamin, 9
Scheu, Hugo, 402
Schirwindt (Kutuzovo), 400
Schleicher, August, 380, 405
Schlögel, Karl, 4
Schlözer, August, 379, 380-81, 389
Schneersohn, Dov Ber, 331
Schneersohn, Itzhak Yosef, 334
Schneersohn, Menahem Mendl, 329
Schubert, Friedrich Wilhelm, 384
Schultz, 384n.38
Schweiger, Aleksandra, 250, 256
Sebezh, 333n.85, District 288n.33
Seda, 339n.l09
Sejny, 155, District, 1, 47, 70,124,168,
218n.ll0, 389
Senkovskff, Osip, 40-41
Shalit, Moyshe, 358
Shapiro, Haim Elazar, 329
Shcherbatov, Mikhail, 40
Shestakov, Ivan, 23, 35
Shirinskii-Shikhmatov, Aleksandr, 69
Index
467
Shteinberg, Aharon, 337
Sianno, 333n.85
Siberia, 8
Sidarevich, Anatol’, 299n.86
Sienkiewicz, Henryk, 269
Silesia, 254, 327n.51, 378, 418
Seduva, 339n.l09
Séta, 320
Siauliai, 155, 320n.30, District,
43n.78, 59n.l40, 60, 70,
130-32, 168
Siluva, 133,155
Simkus, Stasys, 292n.53
Simferopol, 337
Shkloü, 321, 324, 333n.85, 335n.95
Sirutavicius, Vladas, 99, 100
Skaisgirren (Bolshakovo), 400
Skrupskelis, Ignas, 376n.l5
Skuodas, 320n.30, 339n.l09
Slavic, 54,135, 388n.57
Slavic-Russian world, 41
Slavic tribes, 55, 134; 291; Drehovi-
chians, 134, 138, 291; Krivichians,
134,138, 291, 291n.45, 292, 305;
land of, 123; Radimichians, 291
Slavs, 35, 47, 49, 49n.l03, 50, 55,
61n.l47, 84-86,113,124-27,155,
194, 214-15, 226, 354, 381, 381n.30,
387; Catholic, 53; eastern, 26, 49,
50, 52n.ll5, 55-56, 61n.l47, 85,
443; nation, 125
Sliesoriùnas, Feliksas, 141
Slobodka, 320, 343
Slonim, 325n.46, 342n.l21, 343,
District, 168, 288nJ3
Slubicz, Maryan, 250
Slutsk, 142, 261 n.88, 319, 322
Smalianchuk, Ales’, 281, 292, 296
Smaliany, 333n.85
Smarhon’, 212
Smetona, Antanas, 192, 210, 447
Smith, Anthony D., 9, and
territorialisation of memory, 13;
Smolensk, 314, 338, Province, 30n.24, 58,
67,117,121n.73, 287nJ2-90, 294,
300, 303n.l04, 305, Voivodship 117,
120-21n.73
Sniadecki, Jçdrzej, 111
Sniadecki, Jan, 112,121
Sochaczew, 328, 330
Sokôlka, District 288n.3, 389
Sokolov, Nikolai, 287n.32
Sokolsk, District 1
Soloveitchik, Rabbi Simha, 335n.95
Solov’ev, Sergei, 44n.84
Sorbonne University, 189
Sotsialistishes flugblat (Socialist leaflet),
newspaper, 351
Southwest Russia (Southwest Region,
Southwest provinces), 30,121,
246n.24
Soviet-Lithuanian negotiatons in 1920, 314
Soviet Union, 291
Sozh, 342n.l21
Spatial image of Belarus and Lithuania in
the Belarusian discourse: impact of
idioms of nationhood, 282-84;
defining “national territory,” 284-96,
304-6; place of Vilnius in, 296-98,
305; image in political programs,
298-304; overlap of Belarusian and
Lithuanian “national territories,”
293, 306
Spatial image of Lithuania in East
European Jewish discourse: Lite as
the area of Litvish, 314-15; “gastro-
nomic border,” 315; Jewish Lite and
its subdivisions in the GDL, 316-23;
adaptation to the imperial adminis-
trative map, 323-26; in Rabbinic
literature, 326-30; concept of Raysn,
330-38; borders of Zamet, 338-42;
Lite in the narrow sense, 342-43; in
political activities, 343-47; percep-
tion of Lithuanian Lithuania, 347-58
Spatial image of Lithuania in German and
Prussian Lithuanian discourses:
ecclestical and scholarly in the
15th-18th centuries, 372-73; establish-
ment of the Department of, and “old
Prussian patriotism,” 374-378, 384;
as ethnographic territory, 379-80,
384-91; Lithuanian cultural land-
scape in the German conception,
391-412; perception of Prussian
Lithuanians, 413-28
Spatial image of Lithuania in the
Lithuanian discourse (Lithuanian
468
Index
Lithuania): impact of idioms of
nationhood on, 191-95; during the
initial stage of the national
movement, 195-201; during the
political stage, 201-7; the core and
periphery, 207-11, 448; “Lithuania’s
East,” 211-15; problem with the
Suwalki Province, 215-18; Prussian
Lithuania (Lithuania Manor),
218-21; Grodna Province, 221-22;
Latvia as a part of Lithuanian
“national territory,” 222-225; usage
in the nationalization of the masses,
225-31
Spatial image of Lithuania in the
Lithuanian society in the first half of
the nineteenth century: historical,
115-19,144,172-73, 444; “in the
popular sense,” 119-22,144,172,
444; “Proper” (“Primeval”),
122-23, 132,134-37,157,172-73,
444; Samogitia, 129-34; Lithuanian
Rus’, 134-39, 174; in political
manifestations, 139-148, 172; in
Lithuanian discourse, 148-57,
173-74; dissemination, 157-72
Spatial image of Lithuania in the modern
Polish discourse: 239-46, impact of
idioms of nationhood on, 241-42; the
argument for including Lithuania
within Poland, 246-51; image in
Lithuania, 251-59; usage in the
nationalization of the masses, 259-70
Spatial image of Lithuania in the Russian
discourse: renaming the region,
25-38; interpretation of the GDL,
38-45, 50, 77-78, 83; statistical data
and ethnographic argumentation,
45-56, 83; territorial-administrative
reforms, 56-77, 83; symbolic
appropriation of space, 77-84
Spatial practice, 5, 98,139, 210, 213, 215,
232, 260, 271, 303n.l04, 426, 444
Spatial turn (spatial turns), 4-6
Spector, Itzhak Elhanan, 327
Speicyte, Brigita, 99, 110, 118-19, 150,172
Spiridonov, Mikhail, 321n.35
Srubauskis, Pranciskus, 158
St. Petersburg: the Roman Catholic
Theological Academy of, 63;
university, 40n.63. See also Leningrad
Stakele, Stanislovas, 214n.88
Stampfer, Shaul, 312n.l
Stallupönen (Stalupenai, Nesterov), 385,
397n.75, 400, 424
Stanevicius, Simonas, 150-52
Statistics, 45-46, 51, 54-56, 83,100, 113,
125,167, 281, 385, 391, 408-10
Statute of Lithuania, 34
Steputat, Wilhelm (Steputaitis, Vilius), 393
Stolypin, Piotr, 75
Strakauskaite, Nijole, 417
Straszewicz, Eugeniusz, 256
Strecia River 210n.72
Strunaiciai, 210n.72
Subacius, Giedrius, 198
Subacius, Paulius, 12, 99,148, 153, 154
Subotniki (Subatnikai), 214
Sudermann, Hermann, 392, 407
Suwalki, 47,120; District, 215, 218n.ll0;
Province, 1, 2, 32n.31, 71-72, 75-76,
119,195, 203-4, 206n.61, 207, 215-18,
222, 227, 232, 244, 249, 251n.47,
254-55, 257, 290, 293n.60, 322, 325,
328, 351, 353, 355-56, 389, 445
Swedes, 159, 167
Svir’, 214
Svislach River, 137, 285n.23, 342n.l21
Swine (Oswinka, Putilovka) River, 385
Switzerland, 425
Syrokomla, Wladyslaw, 134
Systems of meanings, 395-97, 399, 404,
413, 420
Szczuczyn, 325
Sveksna, 339n.l09
Svencionys, 49, 71; District 52, 55, 137,
168, 213, 221 n.151 y 288n.33
T
Tacitus, 381
Tatare, Antanas, 152,154, 156, 169
Tatomir, Lucyan, 248n.36, 263-64
Tatars, 167
Taurage, 133, 339n.l09
Telsiai, 320n.30, 339n.l09; District,
43n.78, 59n.l40, 60, 70,130-32,168
Index
469
Temme, Jodocus, 383, 407
Ternopil, District 140
Territorialization of ethnicity, 68, 70, 73,
75, 84
Teshin, 254
Teutonic: era, 396; Knights, 124, 131;
Order, 385, 394-96, 415, 419
Tetzner, Franz, 406
“Tikroji Lietuva” (Real Lithuania)
(1899), a map by Adomaitis-
Sernas, 208
Tilsit (Sovetsk), 219, 383-85, 395, 397-98,
400, 401-5, 410, 412, 414, 417, 421,
424-26, 428
Tyszkiewicz, Eustachy, 99
Tyszkiewicz, Konstanty, 134-35
Todorova, Maria, 8, and her analysis of
the concept of Balkans, 9
Toeppen, Max, 385, 386
Tokts, Sergei, 99,138, 280, 284
Tollmingkehmen (Chistye Prudy), 397n.75
Tolstoi, Dmitrii, 66
Toplaukis, 47
Topographical turn, 6
Torun, 423; gymnasium, 373
Tourist literature (guide book, travel
guides) 77, 78, 266-67, 315, 316n.l5,
401, 404, 411-12
Trakai, 146n.l45,196, 267; Castle, 292;
District, 55, 71,126,168, 211-13,
26ln.88, 292, 295; Voivodoship 117,
120,124,128, 320;
Trakt Zapuszczanski, 117,126, 149
Trauschies, Georg, (Trausis, Jurgis), 417
Trempai (Trempen), 424
Trivus, Hillel David, 335
“Troe iunoshei” (Three Young Men),
essay by Uriah Katsenelenbogen, 357
Trotskii, Vitalii, 75
Trumpa, Vincas, 96n.l
Trunk, Israel Yehoshua, 330
Tumas-Vaizgantas, Juozas, 205
Turbovich, Zeev Volf, 343
Turks, 167
Turonak, Jury, 299n.86
Turov, 342n.l21
Tver’, Province 288n.33, 290
Tykocin, 317n.l9, 318-19
Tyla, Antanas, 157
Tzint2, Arie Leib, 327n.53
u
Ukrainian, 287n.32
Ukrainians, 51, 250, 264-65, 287;
Ukrainians-Ruthenians, 266,
266n.ll3; national movement
(“Ruthenian”), 254; culture of, 348
Ukraine, 27n.l4, 35,144, 312, 321n.38,
324, 327n.51, 328-29, 331n.73, 337,
345; Left-bank, 347; provinces, 144;
Right-bank, 25, 28n.l7, 29-30, 46;
Russian, 323n.43
Ulasaü, Aliaksandr, 290, 294, 303-4
Union of Horodlo (1413), 268
Union of Krewo (1385), 44n.83, 45, 78,
149-50, 246, 267
The Union of Lublin (1569), 45, 78,
115-16,120n.71,140,149-50,
246,317
Unuchak, Andrei, 293n.55
Uprisings: 1830-31 (Polish-Russian War),
29, 40, 59, 61, 83, 98,109,139-40,
143,146,148; 1863-64, 39, 54, 60,
64, 71, 77, 81, 85, 97n.4, 98,139,
143-48,174, 217n.l06, 267-68, and
different interpretations in Polish
and Russian narratives, 81, and
Whites, 144-46, and Reds, 144-47
Ushachy, 333n.85
Ushakov, Dmitrii, 287n32
Ustrialov, Nikolai, 42, 43-45, 50, 77, 84-85
Utena, 261n.88, 320, 330
Uvarov, Sergei, 32, 41-44, 77, 80, 83-84
Uzda, 261n.88
Uznemune, 119, 163
V
Vaad Arba Aratzot (Council of the Four
Lands), 316-17, 317n.l9, 317n.20,
318, 319n.27
Vaad Medinat Lita (Council of the Land
of Lithuania), 312n.4, 316-17,
317n.20, 317n.23, 318-19, 319n.27,
319n.28, 321-23, 332n.76, 338, 347;
the pinkas of, 316nT8, 317, 321, 330,
332, 332n.75; dissolution in 1764, 322
470
Index
Vaicekauskas, Mikas, 160
Vaivada, Vacys, 99
Valancius, Motiejus, 130-32,154,156,
164,170
Valiünas, Silvestras, 131
Valkininkai, 261m 88
Valmikas, Vincent as, 158
Vanagaitis, Jonas, 421
Varangians, 291
Varniai, 164, 338m 108
Vater, Johann Severin, 380
Vaükavysk, 288n.33, 327n.52, 342m 121
Velizh, District 288, 333n.85
Verbickis, Valerijonas, ethnographic map
of, 7ml9
Vestnik lugo-zapadnoi i Zapadnoi Rossi?
(Messenger of southwestern and
western Russia), 30n.25
Vieksniai, 339ml09, 343ml26
Vienna, congress of, 9m 27
Vileika, District 50, 55, 66-67, 195, 214,
227, 288m33, 295-96
Vileisis, Jonas, 205
Vileisis, Petras, 208, 231
Vileisis, Povilas, 214
Viliampole (Slobodke), 320
Vilkaviskis, District 1,195, 215
Vilkija, 335
Vilkmerge (Ukmerge), District 123,
126,168
Vilna Gaon (Rabbi Eliyahu ben Shlomo
Zalman), 324
Vilnius (Vil’na, Vil’nia, Vil’no, Wilno) 2,
40, 49, 63, 65-70, 76, 77-79, 86,125,
134-36,140-41,155-56,165,167,
169-70,192-93,196, 204, 206,
209-10n.72, 214-15, 226n.l45,
229n.l57, 231n.l60-32, 241, 245-46,
251-52, 256n.63-51, 259, 260-62,
264-65, 267, 271, 284, 296-97,
302m 102, 305-6, 313, 316n.l5, 319,
322, 331, 337, 344, 346, 347, 355, 445,
447; St. Anne’s Church, 297; Casde
Hill, 267, 296, 296n.71, 297m75;
church of the Our Lady of the Gate
of Dawn, 297, 298; as a city of Polish
culture, 267; Commission of
Archeography, 36; District, 52, 55,
71,123,126,168, 213, 227m 151, 252,
261m88, 288m33, 295; education
district, 32m32, 37, 63, 68; gover-
nor-generalship, 31, 63, 70, 73,
73m193, 74-75, 216; Lithuania’s
Vilnius Province, 31; palace of the
dukes, 298; Province, 1, 30m23, 33,
32n.31, 34-36, 41, 43, 46-47, 50, 55,
57-59, 61n.147-62, 64, 66-72, 74,
100,119,121,124,126,131,138,
140-41, 144,155,168, 172, 195-96,
203-4, 206m61-7, 209n.72-ll,
213-15, 222, 225, 227, 232, 248n.33-
49, 251m47, 261n.88-62, 265-66,
288n.33-90, 292, 294-96, 298, 300,
305, 314, 323, 324, 328, 347, 352;
Province Statistics Committee,
44n.83, 46; museum of antiquities,
45; Roman Catholic diocese of, 76,
260; Roman Catholic Theological
Academy, 63; university, 63, 66, 97,
267, and ideas of establishing a
Russian one, 76, professors and
students of, 106-7,110,127, and
projects of restoration, 297, 297m73;
Vilnius and Lithuania Orthodox
Diocese, 32; Voivodship, 117,124,
128, 145, 320
Vistula River, 123, 216
Vitsiebsk, 66-67,170, 265, 284, 297,
331-32, 337, 347; Belorussia’s
Vitsiebsk Province 31, 33, 63,136;
Province, 41, 30m23, 58, 64-65,
67-68, 71-72,101,118-119,121-122,
137, 140-42,144-46, 148, 172,
227m 150, 259n.79-60, 266, 287-90,
294, 300, 303m104, 305, 312, 323-25,
332, 333, 335, 337, 347; Voivodoship,
117,145, 320, 321m35;
Visinskis, Povilas, 209, 215n.98
Vladislavov (Kudirkos Naumiestis),
District 195, 215
Voigt, Johannes, 381
Volhynia, 30m23, 34-35, 140,144, 266,
313, 315, 324, 328-29, 331, 337, 338,
342-43, 345; Voivodoship, 317
Volksnation, 392-93, 410
Volozhin, 337
Index
471
Volter, Eduard, 56n.l33
Vyzunai, 320, 322
w
Wakar, Wlodzimierz, 248n.33, 251n.47
Walicki, Andrzej, 109
Wapinski, Roman, 240, 256, 258
Warmia, 395, 396
Warsaw, 117, 129, 140,145,148, 254, 268;
Sejm 102,103n.22; Grand Duchy of,
322; governor-general, 76
Wasilewski, Leon, 239, 244, 248-49n.39
Wasilkow, 318
Weeks, Theodore R., 80
Weinreich, Max, 339, 341
Wehlau (Znamensk), 388n.57, 342-43, 345
Werden, 397n.75
The West, 9
Western Region (Western provinces), 4,
28-30, 29n.l8, 30n.24, 30n.25, 39,
52, 54-55, 58, 64-65, 65n.l64, 67,
73, 83, 413
Weyssenhof, Jozef, 269
Wiechert, Ernst 285
Wilhelm I, Emperor of Germany, 374,
397, 399, 401
Wilhelm II, Emperor of Germany, 399
Wischwill (Viesvile), 397n.75
Wislicki, Adam, 265
Wolff, Larry, 8
World War I (Great War), 37, 74, 96,189,
197, 216-17, 219-20, 246, 247n.29,
250, 254n.58, 262, 268, 280-2, 289,
293n.55, 297-98, 304-5, 353, 358-59,
391, 391n.65, 397-98, 400, 403, 406,
411, 413, 421-28, 447
World War II, 96
Wortman, Richard, 82
Wyslouch, Boleslaw, 243n.l5
Y
Yerusalimsky, Moshe Nahum, 338
Yiddish, 313n.5, 314, 341, 350;
Germanized, 341; northeasten
dialect (Litvish), 313-15, 318,
330-31; Volhynian, 331, 331n.73
Yotvingians, 122,167, 249
z
Zabíudów, 318
Zahorski, Wladyslaw, 267
Zalman, Shneur, 326, 331, 333-34
Zamet, 15, 312n.4, 320, 320n.32, 321,
323-25, 327, 327n.53, 328,
329n.59, 330, 331, 337-43, 350,
358-59, 444; medinat, 320, 322,
337, 338n.l07, 339. See also
Samogitia
Zapadnorusizm (“western Russism”), 285
Zasulich, Vera, 345
Zavileiskii, District 47,126
Zawadzki, Józef, 164
Zagaré, 133, 155
Zasliai, 261n.88
Zditov, 342nT21
Zeltser, Arkadi!, 312n.l
Zemgale, 149,170
Zeimiai, 155
Zeimena, River 135, 210n.72
Zelvavicius, Juozapas, 156
Zemaiciij Kalvarija, 155, 159
Zemaiciij Naumiestis, 339n.l09
Ziablovskii, Evdokim, 46, 47n.92
Zielinski, member of Parliamen
(Sejm), 102
Ziesemer, Johannes, 412
Zhitlovski, Chaim, 356n.l77
Zlatopol, 329
Zodiskiai, 214
SPATIAL
CONCEPTS OF
LITHUANIA
IN THE LONG
NINETEENTH
CENTURY
Edited by DARIUS STALIUNAS
Boston
Table of Contents
List of Illustrations vi
Introduction 1
CHAPTER 1: Poland or Russia? Lithuania on the Russian Mental Map 23
Darius Staliunas
CHAPTER 2: Images of Lithuania in the First Half of the Nineteenth Century 96
Zita Medisauskiene
CHAPTER 3: The Pre-1914 Creation of Lithuanian National Territory 189
Darius Staliunas
CHAPTER 4: Lithuania—An Extension of Poland: The Territorial
Image of Lithuania in the Polish Discourse 239
Olga Mastianica and Darius Staliunas
CHAPTER 5: Between Ethnographic Belarus and the Reestablishment of the
Grand Duchy of Lithuania: How Belarusian Nationalism
Created Its National Territory at the Beginning of
the Twentieth Century 279
Olga Mastianica
CHAPTER 6: Lite on the Jewish Mental Maps 312
Vladimir Levin and Darius Staliunas
CHAPTER 7: Lithuania in the Spatial Concepts of Germans and
Prussian Lithuanians 371
Vasilijus Safronovas
CHAPTER 8: In Lieu of a Conclusion 443
Index 450 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author2 | Staliūnas, Darius 1970- |
| author2_role | edt |
| author2_variant | d s ds |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1042528462 |
| author_facet | Staliūnas, Darius 1970- |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV044032616 |
| callnumber-first | D - World History |
| callnumber-label | DK505 |
| callnumber-raw | DK505.28 |
| callnumber-search | DK505.28 |
| callnumber-sort | DK 3505.28 |
| callnumber-subject | DK - Russia, Soviet Union, Former Soviet Republics, Poland |
| classification_rvk | EZ 1635 NP 5980 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)975363582 (DE-599)BVBBV044032616 |
| dewey-full | 911/.479309034 |
| dewey-hundreds | 900 - History & geography |
| dewey-ones | 911 - Historical geography |
| dewey-raw | 911/.479309034 |
| dewey-search | 911/.479309034 |
| dewey-sort | 3911 9479309034 |
| dewey-tens | 910 - Geography and travel |
| discipline | Baltistik Geschichte Literaturwissenschaft Geographie |
| era | Geschichte 1800-1900 Geschichte 1795-1918 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1800-1900 Geschichte 1795-1918 |
| format | Book |
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| genre | (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Aufsatzsammlung |
| geographic | Lithuania Historical geography Lithuania Name History 19th century Lithuania Foreign public opinion Lithuania History 1795-1918 Litauen (DE-588)4074266-0 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Lithuania Historical geography Lithuania Name History 19th century Lithuania Foreign public opinion Lithuania History 1795-1918 Litauen |
| id | DE-604.BV044032616 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2025-01-07T13:13:36Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781618115324 |
| language | English |
| lccn | 016037745 |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-029439849 |
| oclc_num | 975363582 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-11 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-11 |
| physical | 471 Seiten Karten |
| publishDate | 2016 |
| publishDateSearch | 2016 |
| publishDateSort | 2016 |
| publisher | Academic Studies Press |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Lithuanian studies without borders |
| spelling | Spatial concepts of Lithuania in the long nineteenth century edited by Darius Staliūnas Boston Academic Studies Press 2016 471 Seiten Karten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Lithuanian studies without borders Includes bibliographical references and index "This book deals with the spatial concepts of Lithuania and other geo-images that either 'competed' in the nineteenth century with the term Lithuania or were of a different taxonomic level (Samogitia, Prussia's Lithuania, Lithuania Minor, Poland, the Western region, the Northwest Region, Lita/Lite, Belarus, East Prussia etc.). The Russian, Lithuanian, Polish, Belarusian, Jewish, and German geo-images of this territory are analyzed in separate chapters of this volume. The spatial and topographical turns, especially the innovative perspective suggested by French Marxist Henri Lefebvre to look at the (social) space as a product of social creativity, research on so-called mental maps, postcolonial studies, and nationalism studies provided some theoretical background as well as analytical approaches for the studies published in this volume"...Provided by publisher Geschichte 1800-1900 Geschichte 1795-1918 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte Gesellschaft Politik Geographical perception Lithuania History 19th century Spatial behavior Political aspects Lithuania History 19th century Spatial behavior Social aspects Lithuania History 19th century Territory, National Lithuania History 19th century Litauenbild (DE-588)4302719-2 gnd rswk-swf Lithuania Historical geography Lithuania Name History 19th century Lithuania Foreign public opinion Lithuania History 1795-1918 Litauen (DE-588)4074266-0 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Litauen (DE-588)4074266-0 g Litauenbild (DE-588)4302719-2 s Geschichte 1795-1918 z DE-604 Staliūnas, Darius 1970- (DE-588)1042528462 edt LoC Fremddatenuebernahme application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029439849&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029439849&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register HEBIS Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029439849&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Spatial concepts of Lithuania in the long nineteenth century Geschichte Gesellschaft Politik Geographical perception Lithuania History 19th century Spatial behavior Political aspects Lithuania History 19th century Spatial behavior Social aspects Lithuania History 19th century Territory, National Lithuania History 19th century Litauenbild (DE-588)4302719-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4302719-2 (DE-588)4074266-0 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
| title | Spatial concepts of Lithuania in the long nineteenth century |
| title_auth | Spatial concepts of Lithuania in the long nineteenth century |
| title_exact_search | Spatial concepts of Lithuania in the long nineteenth century |
| title_full | Spatial concepts of Lithuania in the long nineteenth century edited by Darius Staliūnas |
| title_fullStr | Spatial concepts of Lithuania in the long nineteenth century edited by Darius Staliūnas |
| title_full_unstemmed | Spatial concepts of Lithuania in the long nineteenth century edited by Darius Staliūnas |
| title_short | Spatial concepts of Lithuania in the long nineteenth century |
| title_sort | spatial concepts of lithuania in the long nineteenth century |
| topic | Geschichte Gesellschaft Politik Geographical perception Lithuania History 19th century Spatial behavior Political aspects Lithuania History 19th century Spatial behavior Social aspects Lithuania History 19th century Territory, National Lithuania History 19th century Litauenbild (DE-588)4302719-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Geschichte Gesellschaft Politik Geographical perception Lithuania History 19th century Spatial behavior Political aspects Lithuania History 19th century Spatial behavior Social aspects Lithuania History 19th century Territory, National Lithuania History 19th century Litauenbild Lithuania Historical geography Lithuania Name History 19th century Lithuania Foreign public opinion Lithuania History 1795-1918 Litauen Aufsatzsammlung |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029439849&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029439849&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029439849&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT staliunasdarius spatialconceptsoflithuaniainthelongnineteenthcentury |
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Inhaltsverzeichnis