Integral logistics management: operations and supply chain management within and across companies
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Sprache: | English |
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Boca Raton
CRC Press
[2016]
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Ausgabe: | Fifth edition |
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ISBN: | 9781498750547 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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adam_text | Titel: Integral logistics management
Autor: Schönsleben, Paul
Jahr: 2016
Detailed Contents
At a first reading of the book, some sections are optional in the sense that they are not
necessary to understand the material that follows. An asterisk (*) indicates these sections.
Part A. Fundamentals, Strategies, and Design Options in Integral Logistics
Management....................................1
1 Logistics, Operations, and Supply Chain Management...........................................3
1.1 Basic Definitions, Issues, and Challenges...........................................................3
1.1.1 Products, Services, and the Product Life Cycle...................................................................4
1.1.2 Logistics and Operations Management, the Synchronization between Supply and
Demand, and the Role of Inventories..................................................................................6
1.1.3 The Supply Chain, Supply Chain Management, and Integral Logistics Management......10
1.1.4 The Role of Planning and Control and the SCOR Model.................................................12
1.2 Business Objects...............................................................................................15
1.2.1 Business-Partner, and Order-Related Business Objects....................................................15
1.2.2 Product-Related Objects....................................................................................................18
1.2.3 Process-Related Business Objects.....................................................................................21
1.2.4 Resource-Related Business Objects..................................................................................23
1.2.5 Rough-Cut Business Objects.............................................................................................26
1.3 Strategies in the Entrepreneurial Context.........................................................29
1.3.1 Entrepreneurial Objectives in a Company and in a Supply Chain....................................30
1.3.2 Resolving Conflicting Entrepreneurial Objectives............................................................31
1.3.3 Customer Order Penetration Point (OPP) and Coordination with Product and Process
Design................................................................................................................................35
1.3.4 Target Area Flexibility: Investments in Enabling Organizations, Processes, and Basic
Technologies......................................................................................................................37
1.3.5 Enabling Technologies Toward Personalized Production.................................................40
1.4 Performance Measurement...............................................................................42
1.4.1 The Basics of the Measurement, Meaning, and Practical Applicability of Logistics
Performance Indicators......................................................................................................43
1.4.2 Performance Indicators in the Target Area of Quality......................................................44
1.4.3 Performance Indicators in the Target Area of Costs.........................................................44
1.4.4 Performance Indicators in the Target Area of Delivery....................................................46
1.4.5 Performance Indicators in the Target Area of Flexibility..................................................48
1.4.6 Performance Indicators of the Primary Entrepreneurial Objective...................................50
1.5 Summary...........................................................................................................51
1.6 Keywords..................................................................................................................................................................51
1.7 Scenarios and Exercises................................................52
1.7.1 Improvements in Meeting Entrepreneurial Objectives......................................................52
1.7.2 Entrepreneurial Objectives and ROI..................................................................................53
1.7.3 Assessing the Economic Value Added (EVA) of Supply Chain Initiatives......................54
1.7.4 Rough-Cut Business Objects................................................................................................................................................57
1.8 References........................................................................................................................................59
2 Supply Chain Design: Business Relations and Risks
61
2.1 Ownership and Trade in a Supply Chain..........................................................61
2.1.1 The Make-or-Buy Decision — Transaction Costs as the Basis of Forming Companies ..62
2.1.2 Global Trading — Value Content Requirements and Tariff-Orientation in a Supply
Chain..................................................................................................................................66
2.1.3 Total Cost of Ownership in a Global Supply Chain..........................................................69
2.2 Strategic Procurement.......................................................................................72
2.2.1 Overview on Strategic Procurement..................................................................................73
2.2.2 Traditional Market-Oriented Relationship Compared with Customer-Supplier
Partnership.........................................................................................................................75
2.2.3 Strategic Procurement Portfolios.......................................................................................78
2.2.4 Strategic Selection of Suppliers.........................................................................................80
2.2.5 Basics of Supplier Relationship Management and E-Procurement Solutions...................83
2.3 Designing a Partnership Relationship...............................................................85
2.3.1 Target Area Strategies for Intensive Cooperation.............................................................85
2.3.2 The Advanced Logistics Partnership (ALP) Model, a Framework for Implementation of
Intensive Cooperation in the Supply Chain.......................................................................88
2.3.3 Top Management Level: Building Trust and Establishing Principal Relationships.........89
2.3.4 Middle Management Level: Working Out Collaborative Processes in the Supply Chain 90
2.3.5 Operational Management Level: Collaborative Order Processing — Avoiding the
Bullwhip Effect..................................................................................................................93
2.3.6 Example Practical Application..........................................................................................95
2.3.7 The Virtual Enterprise and Other Forms of Coordination among Companies..................97
2.4 Supply Chain Risk Management.....................................................................100
2.4.1 Identification of Supply Chain Risks...............................................................................102
2.4.2 Assessment of Supply Chain Risks.................................................................................103
2.4.3 Handling Supply Chain Risks..........................................................................................106
2.5 Summary.........................................................................................................107
2.6 Keywords........................................................................................................108
2.7 Scenarios and Exercises..................................................................................108
2.7.1 Advanced Logistics Partnership (ALP)...........................................................................108
2.7.2 Evaluate Company Relationships in the Supply Chain...................................................109
2.7.3 The Bullwhip Effect........................................................................................................112
2.8 References.......................................................................................................113
3 Supply Chain Design: Location Planning and Sustainability.............................117
3.1 Design Options for Production, Distribution, and Service Networks.............118
3.1.1 Design Options for Production Networks.......................................................................118
3.1.2 Design Options for Distribution Networks......................................................................122
3.1.3 Network Structure for Decentralized Distribution, and Design Options for Retail
Networks..........................................................................................................................122
3.1.4 Design Options for Service Networks.............................................................................130
3.1.5 Design Options for Transportation Networks.................................................................135
3.2 Location Selection and Location Configuration.............................................140
3.2.1 Location Selection Using Qualitative Methods...............................................................141
3.2.2 Location Selection and Location Configuration with Linear Programming...................149
3.3 Sustainable Supply Chains..............................................................................150
3.3.1 The Changing Concept of Sustainability with Reference to the Triple Bottom Line.....151
3.3.2 Economic Opportunities for Social Commitment...........................................................154
3 3 3 Economic Opportunities for Environmental Commitment.........-..............155
3.3 A Energy Management Concepts and Measures for Improved Environmental
Performance...................................158
3.3.5 The Measurement of the Environmental Performance.......................................161
3.4 Summary...................................162
3.5 Keywords......................................163
3.6 Scenarios and Exercises........................................163
3.6.1 Location Configuration with Linear Programming.........................................................163
3.7 References..................................167
Part B. Strategic and Tactical Concepts of Planning Control in Integral
Logistics Management...................................169
4 Business Process Analysis and Concepts for Planning Control......................171
4.1 Elements of Business Process Management...................................................173
4.1.1 Basic Definitions of Work, Task, Function, and Process................................................173
4.1.2 Terms in Business Process Engineering..........................................................................174
4.1.3 Order Management and Graphical Representation of Logistics Processes.....................176
4.2 Push and Pull in the Design of Business Processes........................................178
4.2.1 Pull Logistics...................................................................................................................178
4.2.2 Push Logistics..................................................................................................................180
4.2.3 The Temporal Synchronization between Use and Manufacturing with Inventory Control
Processes..........................................................................................................................182
4.3 Important Techniques of Analysis in Business Process Engineering.............183
4.3.1 Organization-Oriented Process Chart..............................................................................184
4.3.2 Manufacturing and Service Processes in the Company-Internal and Transcorporate
Layout..............................................................................................................................186
4.3.3 Detailed Analysis and Time Study of Processes.............................................................188
4.4 Characteristic Features Relevant to Planning Control in Supply Chains.... 190
4.4.1 Principle and Validity of Characteristics in Planning Control....................................190
4.4.2 Six Features in Reference to Customer, and Item or Product or Product Family...........191
4.4.3 Five Features in Reference to Logistics and Production Resources................................196
4.4.4 Seven Features in Reference to the Production or Procurement Order...........................202
4.4.5 Important Relationships between Characteristic Features...............................................206
4.4.6 Features of Transcorporate Logistics in Supply Chains..................................................209
4.5 Branches, Production Types, and Concepts for Planning Control..............211
4.5.1 Branches of Industry in Dependency upon Characteristic Features................................211
4.5.2 Production Types.........................................................................................................213
4.5.3 Concepts for Planning Control....................................................................................215
4.5.4 Selecting an Appropriate Branch Model, Production Type, and Concept for Planning
Control......................................................................................................................................................................217
4.6 Summary..................................................................................................................................................219
4.7 Keywords........................................................................................................................................................................220
4.8 Scenarios and Exercises................................................................................................................................220
4.8.1 Concepts for Planning Control within the Company.............................................. 220
4.8.2 Synchronization between Use and Manufacturing with Inventory Control Processes.... 221
4.8.3 Basic Process Analysis and Manufacturing Processes in the Company-Internal Layout221
4.9 References.......................................................................................................223
5 The MRP II / ERP Concept: Business Processes and Methods..........................225
5.1 Business Processes and Tasks in Planning Control....................................225
5.1.1 The MRP II Concept and Its Planning Hierarchy............................................................225
5.1.2 Part Processes and Tasks in Long-Term and Medium-Term Planning...........................227
5.1.3 Part Processes and Tasks in Short-Term Planning Control.........................................230
5.1.4 Reference Model of Processes and Tasks in Planning Control...................................232
5.1.5 Beyond MRP II: DRP II, Integrated Resource Management, and the Theory of
Constraints .....................................................................................................................235
5.2 Master Planning — Long-Term Planning.......................................................238
5.2.1 Demand Management: Bid and Customer Blanket Order Processing and Demand
Forecasting.......................................................................................................................239
5.2.2 Sales and Operations Planning and Resource Requirements Planning...........................241
5.2.3 Master Scheduling and Rough-Cut Capacity Planning...................................................245
5.2.4 Supplier Scheduling: Blanket Order Processing, Release, and Coordination.................250
5.3 Introduction to Detailed Planning and Execution...........................................252
5.3.1 Basic Principles of Materials Management Concepts.....................................................252
5.3.2 Overview of Materials Management Techniques............................................................255
5.3.3 Basic Principles of Scheduling and Capacity Management Concepts............................258
5.3.4 Overview of Scheduling and Capacity Management Techniques...................................261
5.3.5 Available-to-Promise and Capable-to-Promise...............................................................265
5.4 Logistics Business Methods in R D (*)........................................................267
5.4.1 Integrated Order Processing and Simultaneous Engineering..........................................267
5.4.2 Release Control and Engineering Change Control..........................................................270
5.4.3 Different Views of the Business Object According to Task...........................................272
5.5 Summary.........................................................................................................274
5.6 Keywords........................................................................................................275
5.7 Scenarios and Exercises..................................................................................275
5.7.1 Master Scheduling and Product Variants........................................................................275
5.7.2 Available-to-Promise (ATP)............................................................................................276
5.7.3 Theory of Constraints......................................................................................................277
5.7.4 Master Planning Case......................................................................................................277
5.8 References.......................................................................................................282
6 The Lean / Just in-Time Concept and Repetitive Manufacturing......................283
6.1 Characterizing Lean / Just-in-Time and Repetitive Manufacturing................284
6.1.1 Just-in-Time and Jidoka — Increasing Productivity through Reduction of Overburdening,
Unevenness, and Useless Effort, or Waste......................................................................284
6.1.2 Characteristic Features for Simple and Effective Planning Control Techniques of
Repetitive Manufacturing................................................................................................287
6.2 The Lean / Just-in-Time Concept....................................................................288
6.2.1 Lead Time Reduction through Setup Time Reduction and Batch Size Reduction.........288
6.2.2 Further Concepts of Lead Time Reduction.....................................................................291
6.2.3 Line Balancing — Harmonizing the Content of Work....................................................296
6.2.4 Just-in-Time Logistics.....................................................................................................298
6.2.5 Generally Valid Advantages of the Lean / Just-in-Time Concept for Materials
Management....................................................................................................................300
6.2.6 Generally Valid Advantages of the Lean / Just-in-Time Concept for Capacity
Management................................302
6.3 The Kanban Technique 302
6.3.1 Kanban: A Technique of Execution and Control of Operations..................303
6.3.2 Kanban: A Technique of Materials Management..........................305
6.3.3 Kanban: Long- and Medium-Term Planning.............................308
6.4 The Cumulative Production Figures Principle................................................309
6.5 Implementing Procedure and Comparison of Techniques..............................311
6.5.1 Implementing Procedure.......................................................311
6.5.2 Comparison of Techniques: Kanban versus Order Point Technique (*).........................313
6.6 Summary............................................316
6.7 Keywords..........................................317
6.8 Scenarios and Exercises........................................317
6.8.1 Operation Time versus Operation Cost, or the Effect of Varying Setup Time
and Batch Size..........................................................................317
6.8.2 The Effect of Cellular Manufacturing on Lead Time Reduction....................................318
6.8.3 Line Balancing — Harmonizing the Content of Work....................................................319
6.8.4 Calculating the Number of Kanban Cards.......................................................................321
6.9 References.......................................................................................................322
7 The Concept for Product Families and One-of-a-Kind Production...................323
7.1 Logistics Characteristics of a Product Variety Concept..................................323
7.1.1 High-Variety and Low-Variety Manufacturing...............................................................324
7.1.2 Different Variant-Oriented Techniques, and the Final Assembly Schedule...................326
7.2 Adaptive Techniques.......................................................................................329
7.2.1 Techniques for Standard Products with Few Variants....................................................329
7.2.2 Techniques for Product Families.....................................................................................333
7.3 Generative T echniques....................................................................................335
7.3.1 The Combinatorial Aspect and the Problem of Redundant Data....................................335
7.3.2 Variants in Bills of Material and Routing Sheets: Production Rules of a Knowledge-
Based System...................................................................................................................337
7.3.3 The Use of Production Rules in Order Processing..........................................................339
7.4 Generative and Adaptive Techniques for Engineer-to-Order.........................341
7.4.1 Classical Procedure and Different Archetypes of Engineer-to-Order.............................341
7.4.2 Approach for Basic Engineer-to-Order...........................................................................343
7.4.3 Approach for Repeatable Engineer-to-Order..................................................................344
7.5 Summary.............................................346
7.6 Keywords...................................................................348
7.7 Scenarios and Exercises.................................................348
7.7.1 Adaptive Techniques for Product Families........................... 348
7.7.2 Generative Techniques — the Use of Production Rules in Order Processing................349
7.7.3 Generative Techniques — Setting the Parameters of a Product Family.........................349
7.8 References..........................350
8 The Concept for the Process Industry........351
8.1 Characteristics of the Process Industry 352
8.1.1 Divergent Product Structures and By-Products...............................................................352
8.1.2 High-Volume Line Production, Flow Resources, and Inflexible Facilities....................356
8.1.3 Large Batches, Lot Traceability, and Loops in the Order Structure................................358
8.2 Processor-Oriented Master and Order Data Management..............................359
8.2.1 Processes, Technology, and Resources...........................................................................359
8.2.2 The Process Train: A Processor-Oriented Production Structure.....................................361
8.2.3 Lot Control in Inventory Management............................................................................363
8.3 Processor-Oriented Resource Management....................................................364
8.3.1 Campaign Planning..........................................................................................................364
8.3.2 Processor-Dominated Scheduling versus Material-Dominated Scheduling....................367
8.3.3 Consideration of a Nonlinear Usage Quantity and of a Product Structure with Loops... 368
8.4 Special Features of Long-Term Planning.......................................................369
8.4.1 Determining the Degree of Detail of the Master Production Schedule...........................369
8.4.2 Pipeline Planning across Several Independent Locations...............................................370
8.5 Summary.........................................................................................................373
8.6 Keywords........................................................................................................374
8.7 Scenarios and Exercises..................................................................................374
8.7.1 Batch Production versus Continuous Production............................................................374
8.7.2 Manufacture of By-Products...........................................................................................375
8.7.3 Production Planning in Process Industries......................................................................376
8.8 References.......................................................................................................377
9 ERP and SCM Software.........................................................................................379
9.1 Software in the Area of ERP and SCM: An Introduction...............................379
9.1.1 History and Origin of ERP Software...............................................................................379
9.1.2 Scope and Range of ERP and SCM Software.................................................................381
9.2 Contents of ERP and SCM Software..............................................................383
9.2.1 Classical MRP II /ERP Software....................................................................................383
9.2.2 Software for Customer Order Production or the Variant-Oriented Concept...................384
9.2.3 Software for the Process Industry or the Processor-Oriented Concept...........................386
9.2.4 Software for Transcorporate Planning Control in a Supply Chain..............................386
9.2.5 Software for Customer Relationship Management (CRM).............................................388
9.2.6 Standard or Company-Specific Software?......................................................................390
9.3 Factors for Successful Implementation of ERP and SCM Software...............391
9.3.1 Possibilities and Limitations of the IT Support of Planning Control..........................392
9.3.2 Factors That Influence Individual Acceptance and the Range of Implementation
of ERP Software..............................................................................................................396
9.4 Summary.........................................................................................................399
9.5 Keywords........................................................................................................400
9.6 Scenarios and Exercises..................................................................................400
9.6.1 Factors That Influence People s Acceptance of ERP Software......................................400
9.6.2 Standard or Company-Specific Software........................................................................401
9.6.3 Software for Transcorporate Planning Control...........................................................401
9.7 References.......................................................................................................402
Part C. Methods of Planning Control in Complex Logistics Systems...................403
10 Demand Planning and Demand Forecasting........................................................405
10.1 Overview of Demand Planning and Forecasting Techniques.........................406
10.1.1 The Problem of Demand Planning.............................................406
10.1.2 Subdivision of Forecasting Techniques.....................................408
10.1.3 Principles of Forecasting Techniques with Extrapolation of Time Series and the
Definition of Variables....................................409
10.2 Historically Oriented Techniques for Constant Demand................................413
10.2.1 Moving Average Forecast.....................................414
10.2.2 First-Order Exponential Smoothing Forecast..................................................................416
10.2.3 Moving Average Forecast versus First-Order Exponential Smoothing Forecast............419
10.3 Historically Oriented Techniques with Trend-Shaped Behavior (*)..............419
10.3.1 Regression Analysis Forecast..........................................................................................420
10.3.2 Second-Order Exponential Smoothing Forecast.............................................................421
10.3.3 Trigg and Leach Adaptive Smoothing Technique...........................................................424
10.3.4 Seasonality.............................................................................................-.........................426
10.4 Future-Oriented Techniques...........................................................................428
10.4.1 Trend Extrapolation Forecast..........................................................................................428
10.4.2 Intuitive Forecasting Techniques.....................................................................................430
10.5 Using Forecasts in Planning............................................................................431
10.5.1 Comparison of Techniques and Choice of Suitable Forecasting Technique...................431
10.5.2 Consumption Distributions and Their Limits, Continuous and Discontinuous Demand 432
10.5.3 Demand Forecasting of Variants of a Product Family....................................................435
10.5.4 Safety Demand Calculation for Various Planning Periods.............................................436
10.5.5 Translation of Forecast into Quasi-Deterministic Demand and Administration of the
Production or Purchase Schedule....................................................................................438
10.6 Summary.........................................................................................................439
10.7 Keywords........................................................................................................440
10.8 Scenarios and Exercises..................................................................................441
10.8.1 Choice of Appropriate Forecasting Techniques..............................................................441
10.8.2 Moving Average Forecasting Technique........................................................................442
10.8.3 First-Order Exponential Smoothing................................................................................442
10.8.4 Moving Average Forecast versus First-Order Exponential Smoothing Forecast............443
10.9 References.......................................................................................................444
11 Inventory Management and Stochastic Materials Management........................445
11.1 Stores and Inventory Management..................................................................446
11.1.1 Characteristic Features of Stores Management...............................................................446
11.1.2 Inventory Transactions..............................................................................................................................449
11.1.3 Physical Inventory and Inventory Valuation...................................................................451
11.2 Usage Statistics, Analyses, and Classifications..............................................453
11.2.1 Statistics on Inventory Transactions, Sales, and Bid Activities......................................453
11.2.2 The ABC Classification and the Pareto Chart...............................................................455
11.2.3 The XYZ Classification and Other Analyses and Statistics..........................................457
11.3 Order Point Technique and Safety Stock Calculation.....................................458
11.3.1 The Order Point Technique..............................................458
11.3.2 Variants of the Order Point Technique..............................................460
11.3.3 Safety Stock Calculation with Continuous Demand...................................452
11.3.4 Determining the Service Level and the Relation of Service Level to Fill Rate (*).........468
11.4 Batch or Lot Sizing.........................................................................................473
11.4.1 Production or Procurement Costs: Batch-Size-Dependent Unit Costs, Setup
and Ordering Costs, and Carrying Cost...........................................................................474
11.4.2 Optimum Batch Size and Optimum Length of Order Cycle: The Classic Economic
Order Quantity.................................................................................................................476
11.4.3 Optimum Batch Size and Optimum Length of Order Cycle in Practical Application.... 479
11.4.4 Extensions of the Batch Size Formula (*).......................................................................482
11.5 Summary.........................................................................................................485
11.6 Keywords........................................................................................................486
11.7 Scenarios and Exercises..................................................................................486
11.7.1 The ABC Classification...................................................................................................486
11.7.2 Combined ABC-XYZ Classification...............................................................................487
11.7.3 Safety Stock Variation versus Demand Variation...........................................................488
11.7.4 Batch Size Depending on Stockout Costs (*)..................................................................489
11.7.5 Effectiveness of the Order Point Technique....................................................................490
11.8 References.......................................................................................................490
12 Deterministic Materials Management...................................................................491
12.1 Demand and Available Inventory along the Time Axis..................................492
12.1.1 Projected Available Inventory.........................................................................................493
12.1.2 Projected Available Inventory Calculation......................................................................495
12.1.3 Scheduling and Cumulative Projected Available Inventory Calculation........................497
12.1.4 Operating Curves for Stock on Hand..............................................................................499
12.2 Deterministic Determination of Independent Demand...................................501
12.2.1 Customer Order and Distribution Requirements Planning (DRP)..................................501
12.2.2 Consuming the Forecast by Actual Demand (*).............................................................503
12.3 Deterministic Determination of Dependent Demand......................................504
12.3.1 Characteristics of Discontinuous Dependent Demand....................................................504
12.3.2 Material Requirements Planning (MRP) and Planned Orders.........................................506
12.3.3 Determining the Timing of Dependent Demand and the Load of a Planned Order........510
12.4 Batch or Lot Sizing.........................................................................................512
12.4.1 Combining Net Requirements into Batches....................................................................512
12.4.2 Comparison of the Different Batch-Sizing Policies........................................................515
12.5 Analyzing the Results of Material Requirements Planning (MRP)................517
12.5.1 Projected Available Inventory and Pegging....................................................................517
12.5.2 Action Messages..............................................................................................................518
12.6 Summary.........................................................................................................519
12.7 Keywords........................................................................................................521
12.8 Scenarios and Exercises..................................................................................521
12.8.1 Projected Available Inventory Calculation......................................................................521
12.8.2 MRP Technique: Determining Net Requirements and Planned Release........................522
12.8.3 Order Point Technique versus MRP Technique..............................................................523
12.9 References.......................................................................................................524
13 Time Management and Scheduling.......................................................................525
13.1 Elements of Time Management.........................526
13.1.1 The Order of the Operations of a Production Order............................526
13.1.2 Operation Time and Operation Load...................................528
13.1.3 The Elements of Interoperation Time..................................529
13.1.4 Administrative Time.........................................530
13.1.5 Transportation Time..................................531
13.2 Buffers and Queues....................................532
13.2.1 Wait Time, Buffers, and the Funnel Model..................................533
13.2.2 Queues as an Effect of Random Load Fluctuations.........................536
13.2.3 Conclusions for Job Shop Production...................................539
13.2.4 Logistic Operating Curves......................................540
13.3 Scheduling of Orders and Scheduling Algorithms..........................................542
13.3.1 The Manufacturing Calendar...........................................................................................542
13.3.2 Calculating the Manufacturing Lead Time......................................................................543
13.3.3 Backward Scheduling and Forward Scheduling..............................................................545
13.3.4 Network Planning.................................................548
13.3.5 Central Point Scheduling.................................................................................................551
13.3.6 The Lead-Time-Stretching Factor and Probable Scheduling..........................................552
13.3.7 Scheduling Process Trains...............................................................................................556
13.4 Splitting, Overlapping, and Extended Scheduling Algorithms.......................556
13.4.1 Order or Lot Splitting......................................................................................................556
13.4.2 Overlapping.....................................................................................................................557
13.4.3 An Extended Formula for Manufacturing Lead Time (*)...............................................558
13.4.4 Extended Scheduling Algorithms (*)..............................................................................560
13.5 Summary.........................................................................................................561
13.6 Keywords........................................................................................................563
13.7 Scenarios and Exercises..................................................................................563
13.7.1 Queues as an Effect of Random Load Fluctuations (1)...................................................563
13.7.2 Queues as an Effect of Random Load Fluctuations (2)...................................................564
13.7.3 Network Planning............................................................................................................564
13.7.4 Backward Scheduling and Forward Scheduling..............................................................565
13.7.5 The Lead-Time-Stretching Factor and Probable Scheduling..........................................567
13.8 References.......................................................................................................568
14 Capacity Management............................................................................................569
14.1 Fundamentals of Capacity Management.........................................................570
14.1.1 Capacity, Work Centers, and Capacity Determination....................................................570
14.1.2 Overview of Capacity Management Techniques.............................................................573
14.2 Infinite Loading....................................................................................................................................................................574
14.2.1 Load Profile Calculation........................................................................................................................575
14.2.2 Problems Associated with Algorithms for Load Profile Calculation..............................577
14.2.3 Methods of Balancing Capacity and Load......................................................................579
14.2.4 Order-Wise Infinite Loading...........................................581
14.3 Finite Loading...........................................582
14.3.1 Operations-Oriented Finite Loading.................................................................... 582
14.3.2 Order-Oriented Finite Loading............... ...............586
14.3.3 Constraint-Oriented Finite Loading........... ...................591
14.4 Rough-Cut Capacity Planning.........................................592
14.4.1 Rough-Cut Network Plans and Load Profiles.................................................................593
14.4.2 Rough-Cut Infinite Loading............................................................................................596
14.4.3 Rough-Cut Finite Loading...............................................................................................599
14.5 Summary.........................................................................................................600
14.6 Keywords........................................................................................................602
14.7 Scenarios and Exercises..................................................................................602
14.7.1 Capacity Determination...................................................................................................602
14.7.2 Algorithms for Load Profile Calculation.........................................................................604
14.7.3 Rough-Cut Capacity Planning.........................................................................................605
14.8 References.......................................................................................................608
15 Order Release and Control..................................................................................... 609
15.1 Order Release..................................................................................................610
15.1.1 Order Proposals for Production and Procurement and Order Release............................610
15.1.2 Load-Oriented Order Release (Loor)..............................................................................613
15.1.3 Capacity-Oriented Materials Management (Corma).......................................................619
15.2 Shop Floor Control..........................................................................................625
15.2.1 Issuance of Accompanying Documents for Production..................................................626
15.2.2 Operations Scheduling, Dispatching, and Finite Forward Scheduling............................626
15.2.3 Sequencing Methods........................................................................................................630
15.3 Order Monitoring and Shop Floor Data Collection........................................631
15.3.1 Recording Issues of Goods from Stock...........................................................................631
15.3.2 Recording Completed Operations...................................................................................632
15.3.3 Progress Checking, Quality Control, and Report of Order Termination.........................632
15.3.4 Automatic and Rough-Cut Data Collection.....................................................................634
15.4 Distribution Control........................................................................................636
15.4.1 Order Picking...................................................................................................................637
15.4.2 Packaging and Load Building..........................................................................................640
15.4.3 Transportation to Receiver..............................................................................................643
15.5 Summary.........................................................................................................647
15.6 Keywords........................................................................................................648
15.7 Scenarios and Exercises..................................................................................649
15.7.1 Load-Oriented Order Release (Loor)..............................................................................649
15.7.2 Capacity-Oriented Materials Management (Corma).......................................................650
15.7.3 Finite Forward Scheduling..............................................................................................651
15.7.4 Order Picking...................................................................................................................652
15.8 References.......................................................................................................653
16 Cost Estimating, Job-Order Costing, and Activity-Based Costing.....................655
16.1 Costs, Cost Elements, and Cost Structures.....................................................656
16.1.1 Actual, Direct, and Overhead Costs................................................................................656
16.1.2 Average Costs and Standard Costs..................................................................................657
16.1.3 Variable Costs and Fixed Costs.......................................................................................658
16.1.4 Cost Accumulation Breakdown: The Cost Breakdown Structure of a Product..............659
16.2 Cost Estimating...............................................................................................663
16.2.1 An Algorithm for Cost Estimation of Goods Manufactured...........................................663
16.2.2 Representation of the Cost Accumulation and Comprehensive Calculation for
a Product Line..........................................665
16.3 Job-Order Costing......................................667
16.3.1 Actual Quantities and Actual Costs..........................................667
16.3.2 Cost Analysis.............................................668
16.3.3 The Interface from Order Management to Cost Accounting.....................669
16.4 Activity-Based Costing.....................................670
16.4.1 Limits of Traditional Product Costing..................................670
16.4.2 Introducing Activity-Based Costing: Aim, Basic Premise, Requirements, and
Technique.................................672
16.4.3 Typical Processes (Activities) and Process Variables.........................675
16.4.4 Activity-Based Product Cost Estimation.........................................................................677
16.5 Summary............................................680
16.6 Keywords........................................................................................................681
16.7 Scenarios and Exercises..................................................................................681
16.7.1 Job-Order Costing............................................................................................................681
16.7.2 Activity-Based Costing....................................................................................................683
16.7.3 Comparing Job-Order Costing and Activity-Based Costing...........................................686
16.8 References.......................................................................................................686
17 Representation and System Management of Logistic Objects............................687
17.1 Order Data in Sales, Distribution, Production, and Procurement...................688
17.1.1 Customers and Suppliers.................................................................................................688
17.1.2 The General Structure of Orders in Sales and Distribution, Production, and
Procurement.....................................................................................................................689
17.1.3 The Order and Partial Order Header................................................................................691
17.1.4 The Order Position...........................................................................................................692
17.1.5 Inventories and Inventory Transactions..........................................................................694
17.2 The Master Data for Products and Processes..................................................694
17.2.1 Product, Product Structure, Components, and Operations..............................................694
17.2.2 Item Master......................................................................................................................697
17.2.3 Bill of Material, Bill-of-Material Position, and Where-Used List..................................699
17.2.4 Work Center Master Data................................................................................................706
17.2.5 The Work Center Hierarchy............................................................................................707
17.2.6 Operation and Routing Sheet...........................................................................................709
17.2.7 Production Equipment, Bill of Production Equipment, and Bill of Tools......................710
17.2.8 Composition of the Basic Master Data Objects...............................................................711
17.3 Extensions Arising from the Variant-Oriented Concept.................................713
17.3.1 Expert Systems and Knowledge-Based Systems.............................................................713
17.3.2 Implementation of Production Rules............................................................... 715
17.3.3 A Data Model for Parameterized Representation of a Product Family (*).....................717
17.4 Extensions Arising from the Processor-Oriented Concept.............................718
17.4.1 Process, Technology, and the Processor-Oriented Production Structure........................719
17.4.2 Objects for Lot Control......................................................................................................720
17.5 The Management of Product Data and Product Life Cycle Data.................... 720
17.5.1 Product Life Cycle Management and Engineering Data Management..............721
17.5.2 The Engineering Database as Part of a Computerized System......................................723
17.5.3 Data and Functional Model for General EDM Tasks......................................724
17.5.4 Object Classes and Functions for Release and Engineering Change Control (*)...........725
17.6 Summary.........................................................................................................726
17.7 Keywords........................................................................................................727
17.8 Scenarios and Exercises..................................................................................727
17.8.1 Different Forms of Representing Bills of Material.........................................................727
17.8.2 Where-Used Lists............................................................................................................728
17.8.3 Basic Master Data Objects..............................................................................................728
17.9 References.......................................................................................................729
Part D. Overview of Further Management Systems in the Enterprise.....................731
18 Quality Management — TQM and Six Sigma......................................................735
18.1 Quality: Concept and Measurement................................................................735
18.1.1 Quality of Processes........................................................................................................736
18.1.2 Quality of Products..........................................................................................................737
18.1.3 Quality of Organizations.................................................................................................738
18.1.4 Quality and Its Measurability..........................................................................................740
18.1.5 Quality Measurement and Six Sigma..............................................................................741
18.2 Quality Management Tasks at the Operations Level......................................742
18.2.1 The Doming Cycle (PDCA Cycle) and the Shewhart Cycle...........................................743
18.2.2 The Six Sigma Phases......................................................................................................744
18.2.3 Quality Planning — Define Phase...................................................................................745
18.2.4 Quality Control, Part 1 — Measure and Analyze Phases................................................750
18.2.5 Quality Control, Part 2 — Improve Phase, Part 1...........................................................751
18.2.6 Quality Assurance — Improve Phase, Part 2..................................................................752
18.2.7 Quality Activation — Control Phase...............................................................................754
18.2.8 Project Management, Continual Improvement, and Reengineering................................755
18.3 Quality Management Systems........................................................................757
18.3.1 Standards and Norms of Quality Management: ISO 9000:2005.....................................757
18.3.2 The Optimization Paradigm: Models and Awards for Total Quality Management........759
18.3.3 Audits and Procedures for Assessing the Quality of Organizations................................762
18.3.4 Benchmarking..................................................................................................................763
18.4 Summary.........................................................................................................764
18.5 Keywords........................................................................................................765
18.6 References.......................................................................................................766
19 Systems Engineering and Project Management...................................................767
19.1 Systems Engineering.......................................................................................769
19.1.1 Systems Thinking and the Top-Down Approach............................................................769
19.1.2 Phases of Life of a System and System Life Cycle.........................................................771
19.1.3 The Problem Solving Cycle.............................................................................................773
19.1.4 Differences between Software Engineering and Classical Systems Engineering...........775
19.2 Project Management.......................................................................................777
19.2.1 Goals and Constraints of a Project..................................................................................777
19.2.2 Project Phase, Project Life Cycle, and Work Breakdown Structure...............................778
19.2.3 Project Scheduling and Effort Planning..........................................................................780
19.2.4 Project Organization........................................................................................................782
19.2.5 Project Cost, Benefits, Profitability, and Risk................................784
19.3 Summary...................................789
19.4 Keywords..................................790
19.5 References.......................................790
20 Selected Sections of Information Management....................................................791
20.1 Important Terms in Information Management................................................791
20.2 Modeling Enterprise Information Systems.....................................................793
20.2.1 Basic Principles of Modeling..........................................................................................793
20.2.2 Various Dimensions in the Modeling of Information Systems for Business Processes.. 794
20.2.3 Dimension: Hierarchy Creation.......................................................................................795
20.2.4 Dimension: Various Views in Modeling.........................................................................798
20.3 Modeling Information Systems in the Data View and Object View...............800
20.3.1 Object, Attribute, and Object Class.................................................................................800
20.3.2 View and Primary and Secondary Keys..........................................................................802
20.3.3 Association and (Association) Role................................................................................804
20.3.4 Single-Valued and Multivalued Roles, and Total and Partial Roles...............................805
20.3.5 Association Types............................................................................................................806
20.3.6 Breaking up an n-to-n Association; Association Class...................................................807
20.3.7 Different Notations and the Reidentification Key...........................................................808
20.3.8 Breaking Up a Reflexive n-to-n Association...................................................................811
20.3.9 Using the Hierarchical Constructs Based on Basic Object Classes: The Company-Wide
Generic Object Model.....................................................................................................813
20.4 Summary.........................................................................................................814
20.5 Keywords........................................................................................................815
20.6 References.......................................................................................................816
Index 817
|
any_adam_object | 1 |
author | Schönsleben, Paul 1952- |
author_GND | (DE-588)121988368 |
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dewey-full | 658.5 |
dewey-hundreds | 600 - Technology (Applied sciences) |
dewey-ones | 658 - General management |
dewey-raw | 658.5 |
dewey-search | 658.5 |
dewey-sort | 3658.5 |
dewey-tens | 650 - Management and auxiliary services |
discipline | Wirtschaftswissenschaften |
edition | Fifth edition |
format | Electronic eBook |
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spelling | Schönsleben, Paul 1952- Verfasser (DE-588)121988368 aut Integral logistics management operations and supply chain management within and across companies Paul Schönsleben Fifth edition Boca Raton CRC Press [2016] 1 Online-Ressource (844 Seiten) Illustrationen txt rdacontent c rdamedia cr rdacarrier Business logistics Logistik (DE-588)4036210-3 gnd rswk-swf Prozessmanagement (DE-588)4353072-2 gnd rswk-swf Unternehmen (DE-588)4061963-1 gnd rswk-swf Unternehmen (DE-588)4061963-1 s Logistik (DE-588)4036210-3 s Prozessmanagement (DE-588)4353072-2 s DE-604 Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe 978-1-4987-5053-0 (DE-604)BV044910791 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029424115&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
spellingShingle | Schönsleben, Paul 1952- Integral logistics management operations and supply chain management within and across companies Business logistics Logistik (DE-588)4036210-3 gnd Prozessmanagement (DE-588)4353072-2 gnd Unternehmen (DE-588)4061963-1 gnd |
subject_GND | (DE-588)4036210-3 (DE-588)4353072-2 (DE-588)4061963-1 |
title | Integral logistics management operations and supply chain management within and across companies |
title_auth | Integral logistics management operations and supply chain management within and across companies |
title_exact_search | Integral logistics management operations and supply chain management within and across companies |
title_full | Integral logistics management operations and supply chain management within and across companies Paul Schönsleben |
title_fullStr | Integral logistics management operations and supply chain management within and across companies Paul Schönsleben |
title_full_unstemmed | Integral logistics management operations and supply chain management within and across companies Paul Schönsleben |
title_short | Integral logistics management |
title_sort | integral logistics management operations and supply chain management within and across companies |
title_sub | operations and supply chain management within and across companies |
topic | Business logistics Logistik (DE-588)4036210-3 gnd Prozessmanagement (DE-588)4353072-2 gnd Unternehmen (DE-588)4061963-1 gnd |
topic_facet | Business logistics Logistik Prozessmanagement Unternehmen |
url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029424115&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
work_keys_str_mv | AT schonslebenpaul integrallogisticsmanagementoperationsandsupplychainmanagementwithinandacrosscompanies |