Kacíři, barbaři, nepřátelé: odlišnost a stereotypy v pozdním středověku = Heretics, barbarians, enemies : difference and stereotypes in the Late Middle Ages
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Centrum medievistických studií
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Obsah
Píedmluva 7
Vojtëch BAZANT - Vèra VEJRYCHOVÁ
Narativní utváfení odlisnosti v pozdnim stredovëku 11
Sára VYBÍRALOVÁ
Západní a stredni Evropa pozdniho stredovëku v zrcadle
vzàjemnÿch stereotypû 31
Jan VOJTÍSEK
Zbabëli UhH, nebo zpupni Francouzi? Porâzka u Nikopole (1396)
v soudobÿch firancouzskÿch narativnich pramenech 61
Vëra VEJRYCHOVÁ
Hétérodoxie, etnickà odlisnost a zobrazeni nepritele
ve francouzskych a burgundskych pramenech 15. stoleti 85
Katerina LOSTÁKOVÁ
Husitské ohlasy v soudobÿch Flandrech 115
Ondfej VODlCKA
„Co Cech, to kacif.“ Obraz Cechu v kronikách nëmeckÿch
mëst v dobë husitské 135
Jirí PETRÁSEK
„Strezte se heretikû.“ Postoj Mikuláse z Javora k husitum 157
Martin PJECHA
The Changing Perception of the Hussites in the Thoughts
and Works of Johannes Nider
181
Vojtech BAZANT
Husite, Turci a pravä vira u Aenea Silvia Piccolominiho 219
Aeneas Silvius PICCOLOMINI
O püvodu a mravech Turku. Take o rodu Osmanü 238
Jan BIEDERMAN
Vozova hradba a vojensky fad. Univerzälni vzor ci närodnostni
specifikum ve vztahu k välecnemu umeni? 247
Summary 269
Seznam pouzitych pramenü a Iiteratury 279
Rejstfik jmenny a mistni 295
Summary
Heretics, Barbarians, Enemies.
Difference and Stereotypes in the Late Middle Ages
Studies gathered in this volume examines questions connected to
the textual construction of otherness. Who was the other in the
Late Middle Ages? How was he treated by contemporary authors?
What were his socio-cultural meanings within the narrative? These
broad questions are applied, above all, to the phenomenon of
Hussitism, whose heterodox character is analyzed in a comparative
perspective with other forms of difference (ethnic, cultural, polit-
ical). The process of creation and persistence of heterostereotypes
as well as various forms of enmity are also addressed.
Synthesizing different conceptual approaches, the introduc-
tory essay formulates three main determinants which participate
in the process of othering: stereotypes, frontiers, and genre deter-
minations. They are approached as frameworks through which the
other is defined and medialized, being understood not only as pro-
ducers of opinions, but also as perceptual tools. Three categories
prevailing in studies present in this volume are identified where
concrete images of the other acquire particular meanings: heretics,
barbarians, and enemies. These categories, however, are not to be
treated separately. Specific imagery and topoi of every one of them
overlap and merge, so that the image of the other may result from
religious, cultural, ethnic, and political aspects all at once.
Sara Vybiralova’s paper Late Medieval West and Central Europe in
the Mirror of Mutual Stereotypes aims to elucidate the process by
270
Kaciri, barbari, nepratele
which national stereotypes were coming into existence in Central
and Western Europe in the Late Middle Ages, while important so-
cial and religious changes were taking place. Three peculiar types
of sources which attempt categorical systematization of tempera-
ments peculiar to different national or ethnic groups were stud-
ied: scholarly treatises in geography, short rhyming jingles or brief
moralizing texts of the proprietates gentium type, and finally trav-
el writings. In all three cases, the boundary of a relatively-closed
space, of cultural “ecumene”, plays an important role in the for-
mation of the image of the other. Indeed, the barbaric or danger-
ous was more often identified with groups and lands outside these
bounds. At the same time, the textual other is not a simple im-
print of a subjective perception: the construction of a narrative is
very much conditioned by the issues of intertextuality and liter-
ary traditions. Sometimes the image was defined by the need for
a contrastive accentuation of an autostereotype or by humorous
literary games assigning the same characteristics to various nations
{proprietates gentium), while the narrative incoherence of some cate-
gorical judgments may reflect other ethnic sources behind the trav-
ellers’ perspective. As regards the perception of Central European
nations, Bohemia plays a rather singular role: it stands out in com-
parison with other nationalities (Poles, Hungarians), as all possible
specificities are overlaid since the 1420s by the dominant Czech-
-as-a-heretic stereotype.
The study of Jan Vojtisek Cowardly Hungarians or Haughty
French? The Defeat at Nicopolis (1396) in the Contemporary French Nar-
rative Sources discusses the explanations for the defeat of the cru-
sader army at Nicopolis given by three French narrative sources
contemporary to the battle: Chroniquedu rehgieux de Saint-Denys, Le
livre des fais du bon messire Jehan le Maingre, dit Bouciquaut, and Jean
Froissart’s Chroniques. The prevalent opinion of modern French
historiography, based on the heroic story of Boucicaut, associates
too easily the Hungarians with cowardice, blaming them for the
Summary
271
defeat. This study reviews the question of “Hungarians’ guilt” with
regards to the narrative strategies employed by the authors as each
of them represents a different trend in medieval historiography
and a different literary aim.
Traditional medieval literary patterns of explanation of a de-
feat are detectable in the three texts (overwhelming superiority of
enemy numbers, the so-called peccatis exigentibus, and betrayal or
cowardice). While Michel Pintoin blames the whole army (both
Hungarians and French) for imperfection and sinfulness, Froissart
uses the motif of conflict between youth and experience in or-
der to ascribe the responsibility for the loss to individual French
knights. His mention of the Hungarian flight belongs to this mor-
alizing logic and does not reflect a pure stereotype. Thus, it is only
the third source, an encomiastic biography of Boucicaut, which
fully faults the Hungarians while celebrating the prowess of the
main protagonist and ail Western chivalry.
The study shows that Nicopolis meant no shift in French per-
ception of Hungarian soldiery. The purported “Hungarian cow-
ardice” exhibited in those precipitous historical events eventually
fell into oblivion in France, only to be revivified by modern histo-
riography based on uncritical readings of the apology of Marshal
Boucicaut.
Vera Vejrychova’s paper Heterodoxy, Ethnic Difference and De-
picting the Enemy in French and Burgundian Sources of the 15th Century
reflects upon the various forms in which three categories of enmi-
ty - political, ethnic, and religious - are presented. The changing
contexts of the Armagnac-Burgundian conflict, on the one hand,
and the Hundred Years’ War, on the other, allow us to observe the
mechanisms by which otherness is construed. Apart from attrib-
utes linked traditionally to barbaric comportment (cruelty, disre-
gard of commonly held values), we also encounter treacherousness,
lust for power, and godlessness. These characteristic views of the
enemy are shared predominantly by anti-English polemical works
272
Kaciri, barbari, nepratele
from ca. 1410-1450, where the English are presented as an alien
ethnic group.
Texts belonging to the chronicle genre, on the contrary, main-
tain rather a neutral outlook and, albeit produced in mutually hos-
tile milieux, do not relate to any of the three categories of enmi-
ty, either in their treatment of the English or of the political op-
ponent. These findings contrast sharply with the commonly held
view regarding chronicles from this period as politically engaged.
The textual genre is indeed a fundamental condition for the man-
ner in which otherness is construed, whereas the construct serves
as a reflection of authorial self-identification with a specific group
only in a limited number of cases.
The third category analyzed, religious alterity, becomes part
of arguments relating to political and ethnic enmity in Franco-Bur-
gundian space, but influences especially views of more remote re-
gions. The kingdoms of Poland and Bohemia are thus perceived
almost exclusively through the perspective of religious ortho/het-
erodoxy. The intensification of barbaric stereotypes in descriptions
of Bohemian heresy can also in some cases be understood as evi-
dence of a link made between religious enmity and ethnic and cul-
tural difference.
Katerina Lostakova’s paper Hussite Traces in 15th Century Flan-
ders examines religious connections between the Kingdom of Bo-
hemia and Picardy. Despite persistent uncertainties in modern
scholarship, contemporary authors, both Hussite and Catholic,
supposed Flemish origins of the radical branches of Hussitism. As
for Flanders, heretical groups and individuals implicitly or explic-
itly connected to Hussite teaching can be traced from the first two
decades of the 15th century onwards, such as the group called hom-,
ines intelligence, Nicolas Serusier or Gilles Mersault. All of these
“heretics” were questioned by the inquisition and put on trial.
In spite of the great echo which Hussitism induced all over
Europe, there appears only a limited notion of this movement in
Summary
273
Flemish chronicles, mostly in relation to military encounters. Au-
thors belonging to the Burgundian court were better informed
than their French counterparts, probably also thanks to duke Phi-
lip the Good’s interest in Hussitism, resulting in plans for a Cru-
sade against Bohemia in the late 1420s. Chronicles from two differ-
ent milieux were chosen for the analysis of the way in which Hus-
sitism was viewed. The lay chronicle of Enguerrand of Monstrelet
does pay only limited attention to the Hussite movement and per-
ceives it mostly as a disruption of highly idealized and organized
world order. Among the religious historiography, the chronicle
of the Cistercian abbey of Dunes stands out by quoting the Hus-
site ideological programme and by recognizing different branches
within the movement. Both chronicles, nevertheless, stay almost
silent on the subject of the Flemish supporters of Hussitism. The
reasons for this silence are not sure, but it may be suggested that
the chroniclers desired to separate the dangerous “heresy” from
their own, mentally-defined Western world.
The study of Ondrej Vodicka “Every Czech is a heretic. ” The
Image of the Czechs in German Urban Chronicles in the Hussite Period
analyzes the perception of the Hussites in contemporary Catholic
German historiography. Four chronicles were chosen as a sample:
Burkhard Zink’s Chronicle from Augsburg, Magdeburger Schöppenchro-
nik, and Detmar Chronicle and Rufus Chronicle, both from Lübeck.
These texts show a stereotypical perception of Czechs as an eth-
nic group and its development as influenced by the events of the
Hussite revolution.
All relevant instances from the sources are divided into four
thematic groups. First, while Magdeburger Schöppenchronik begins to
equate Czechs with heretics as early as in its account of the burn-
ing of the Czech masters in Constance, the other three texts assume
this viewpoint on the impulse of the outburst of Hussite violence
in Prague. Second, the motif of Hussite cruelty is analyzed. The two
Lübeck chronicles comment on military subjects with more reserve
274
Kaciri, barbari, nepratele
than Magdeburger Schöppenchronik with its fanciful anti-Bohemian
thrust, or than Burkhard’s narrative based on his personal experi-
ences. Third, in all four chronicles Hussite insidiousness is purport-
ed to be the code of conduct of Czech nobility who declared loy-
alty to the king and simultaneously concocted a plot against him.
Last, attention is drawn to descriptions of Bohemian and Moravian
Catholics: despite being relatively well-informed, the authors most-
ly did not take the Catholic side into consideration - the stereotypi-
cal image of Czechs as heretics thus remains unshaken.
The studied authors constructed the image of the Czech her-
etic upon two fundamental characteristics: barbaric cruelty and
heretical insidiousness. These traits were inspired particularly by
the Czechs’ defiance of their legitimate ruler and by their oppres-
sion of the German ethnic group. From the merging of all these
planes of perception, a typical lexicon arose in which the words
Czech, Hussite and heretic became synonyms.
Jifi Petrasek’s paper “Beware ofheretics. ” The Attitude of Nicolas
Magni of Jauer to Hussites analyzes the views put forward by several
contemporary responses to the 1430 Manifesto of Five Captains of
Tabor, focusing chiefly on the Responde stulto, a reaction by the Hei-
delberg University master Nicholas Magni of Jauer, with further
reference to Curandum summopere, written by two unknown masters
of the University of Vienna, and Videte by Matthias Döring and Jo-
hannes Bremer, two Franciscan theologians based at the University
of Erfurt. These three propaganda texts were, like the Tabor Man-
ifesto, addressed to laymen across the Holy Roman Empire, their
purpose being to respond point by point to the latter document
and refute it. Motifs of pride, obstinacy and sexual perversion were
then attributed to the initiator of the Manifesto, Prokop the Great,
and to Utraquists more generally.
The argumentation used by Catholic scholars was built upon
Church tradition, dogmatic theology, and canon law. Nicholas
Magni’s central messages - “beware of heretics” and “learn to de-
Summary
275
fend against heretics” - are taken from the two greatest authorities,
Thomas Aquinas and Petrus Lombardus. Nicholas Magni further
justified the necessity of avoiding heretics with allegorical descrip-
tions of Hussites borrowed from Scripture and from commentar-
ies on it by Petrus Lombardus and Nicholas of Lyra. A common,
oft-quoted motif in anti-heretical discourse is that of the little fox-
es who spoil the vineyard, while another, less current one, likens
the distortion of Holy Scripture to the bending of a bow. In their
representations of the Hussites, none of the three Catholic reac-
tions deviate noticeably from the standard attitude towards here-
tics. This is corroborated by enumerations of their vices, which
correspond with the traditional representation of the heretic as re-
sembling the devil.
Martin Pjecha’s article The Changing Perception of the Hussites
in the Thoughts and Works of Johannes Nider presents a case study of
the perception of heresy in the Late Medieval period by addressing
Johannes Nider (d. 1438). Not only was Nider an important fig-
ure in the Dominican observant movement, but his efforts toward
Church reform brought him to some of the most important eccle-
siastic gatherings of his day - including the Councils of Constance
and Basel - and his great work the Formicarius (1436-1438) is today
considered as among the foundational texts attacking witchcraft,
demonology, and magical speculation. A less-explored, and seem-
ingly a more contentious issue are Nider’s views on the the Hus-
sites of Bohemia. With a view to contributing to the latter discus-
sion, the article compares Nider’s discourses on the Hussites in rel-
evant parts of the Formicarius and in his Contra heresim Hussitarum
(1430-1431), an earlier work dealing with the Hussite threat. With
reference to events and developments - relating both to Christen-
dom, and to Nider personally - taking place in the time between
the two works, it is argued that Nider’s view of the Hussites was
modified as he learned more about them, and also as a peaceful
compromise was becoming an increasingly appealing alternative to
276
Kaciri, barbari, nepratele
continued warfare. After such a compromise was reached with the
Compactata of 1436, Nider altered his view of the Hussites so as to
make it fit the current reality, his understanding of sacred history,
and the role of the wars in that history. At the same time, he care-
fully redefined his terminology. The conclusion argues that heresy
was not always a static, ahistorical category, but rather one which
sometimes needed to be adapted to contemporary contexts.
Vojtech Bazanfs study Hussites, Turks and the True Faith After
Aeneas Silvius Piccolomini examines two works by Aeneas Silvius
Piccolomini portraying religious and cultural difference. Historia
Bohemica became one of the most profoundly influential Late Me-
dieval texts to help shape the image both of the Hussites and the
Czechs. The treatise De Turcarum origine et moribus completes Aene-
as’s historico-geographical writing Asia and incorporates his ideas
and opinions regarding the Turks as known from his other texts.
Analysis of both sources focuses on the similitudes in the con-
struction of the other as a heretic on one hand, and as a prototype
of paganism and barbarity on the other hand. In his treatment of
both Hussites and Turks, however, the author integrated various
forms of heterodoxy. While the Taborites, the worst of all Hussites,
had been led on by heresy to adopt barbaric manners, barbarous
Turks only began to threaten Christendom after they had convert-
ed to Islam, a religion often portrayed in the Middle Ages as an
antinomical imitation of Christianity. Descriptions of both groups
are thus interspersed with motifs from a common repertory of her-
etic, pagan and barbarian images.
The narrative function of otherness in these texts is a second
focus point of the paper. Piccolomini’s construction of the other,
intended for his fellow Catholics, does not serve solely to describe
difference but also to affirm one’s own identity and to determine
its boundaries. Both texts also function as appeals: Historia Bohe-
mica uses the Taborites as an example to demonstrate the excesses
that men can be driven to by heresy, while De Turcarum origine et
Summary
277
moribus emphasizes the extent of the losses incurred by the Turkish
invasion upon Christendom in Asia, caused not only by Turkish
belligerence, but also the idleness of Christians.
The paper of Jan Biederman The Wagenburg and Military Ordi-
nances: A Universal Model or a National Particularity in the Art of War?
explores the forms of adoption of the Wagenburg (wagon fort) tac-
tics by which the Hussite armies achieved repeated successes against
the crusaders, and its perception in contemporary narrative sourc-
es. The tactics represented a significant disruption to the common
practices of European warfare in the Late Middle Ages, and its in-
fluence remained palpable for the major part of the 15th century,
particularly in Central and partly in Eastern Europe. Indeed, the
successes of Hussites troops led Catholic lords and professional
warriors to inquire into these tactics and subsequently to adopt
them against their creators. This practice is documented in narrative
sources and corroborated also by the evidence of so-called military
wagon ordinances, written both on Hussite and Catholic sides. Ev-
idence of the adoption of the Wagenburg tactics in German areas
in the vicinity of the Kingdom of Bohemia and its spread into Po-
land and Hungary since 1440s, nonetheless, shows that the transfer
of this military savoir-faire was carried, most of all, by Czech warri-
ors. Thus, despite its inspiring aspects, the Wagenburg tactics never
achieved the status of a universal model, playing only a temporary
and geographically limited role within European warfare.
In modern historiography, Wagenburg tactics became an em-
blem of Hussite military success. Czech narrative sources from
the 15th century, nevertheless, did not reflect upon their use with
particular attention. Travellers from Western countries, as shown
by the example of French-written accounts, noted their existence.
These mentions, however, even if they seem to establish a relation
between the Kingdom of Bohemia and the Wagenburg, appear rath-
er as a reflection of a certain curiosity.
Seznam pramenù a literatury
Nevydane prameny
Johannes Nider, Contra heresim Hussitarum, Basel, OBU, E I 9, fol.
386r-453v
Johannes Nider, Contra heresim Hussitarum, Eichstätt, Universitätsbibliothek,
Cod. St. 469, fol. 4r-76r
Curandum summopere, Wien, ONB, Cod. 3473
Matej Döring - Jan Bremmer, Videte, Koblenz, Landeshauptsarchiv HS 701,
Nr. 220, fol. 424r-426v
Mikulas z Javora, Responde stulto, Berlin, StBPK, Ms. theol. lat. 672
Vydané prameny
Aeneae Silvii Historia Bohemica, edd. Dana Martînkovâ - Alena Hadravovà -
Jiri Mate, Praha 1998
Aeneas Silvius Piccolomini, Historia Bohemica, I—III, edd. Joseph Hejnic -
Hans Rothe, Köln 2005
Archiv Cesky cili starépisemnépamatky Ceské i Morawské, III, ed. Frantisek
Palacky, Prague 1844
Bertrandon de la Broquière, Le Voyage d Outremer de Bertrandon
de la Broquière premier écuyer tranchant et conseiller de Philippe le Bon, duc de
Bourgogne (1432-1433), ed. Charles Schefer, Paris 1892
(= Recueil de voyages et de documents pour servir à l’histoire de la
géographie depuis le XIIIe siècle jusqu’à la fin du XVIe siècle, XII)
Der Briefwechsel des Eneas Silvius Piccolomini, III. 1, ed. Rudolf Wolkan, Wien
1918 (= Fontes rerum Austriacarum, LXVIII)
Commentarius brevis et iucundus itineris atque peregrationis, pietatis et religionis
causa susceptae ab îllustri et Magnifico Domino, Domino Leone, libero barone
de Rosmital et Blatna, ed. Karel Hrdina, Praha 1951
280
Kacíri, barbafi, neprátelé
Corpus Documentorum Inquisitionis Haereticae Pravitatis Neerlandicae, I, ed.
Paul Fredericq, Gent - ,s Gravenhage 1889
Cosmographia Pii Papae in Asiae et Europae eleganti descriptione, ed. Henricus
Stephanus, Paris 1509
De Leonis a Rosmital nobilis Bohemi itinere per partes Germaniae, Belgii,
Britanniae, Franciae, Hispaniae, Portugalliae atque Italiae annis
MCCCCLXV-VII, Des böhmischen Herrn Leo s von Rozmital Ritter-, Hof- und
Pilger-Reise durch die Ahendlande 1465-1467 beschrieben durch Gabriel Tetzel
von Nürnberg, Stuttgart 1844
De Nuremberg à Grenade et Compostelle. Itinéraire d un médecin allemand août
1494-avril 1495. Traduction du récit de voyage de Jérôme Münzer, ed. Denise
Péricard-Méa, Biarritz 2009
De Turcarum origine et moribus. Item de Ottomanorum progenie, in: Aeneae Sylvii
Piccolominei Senesis, qui post adeptum pontificatum Pius eis nominis
secundus appellatus est, opera quae extant omnia, nunc demum post
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Kacifi, barbafi, nepfatelé
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i
Rejstfik jmennÿ a mistni
Jmenny rejstfik je clenèn podîe kfestnich jmen (u vladafù, duchovnich, méstânû a vzdé-
lancü vcetnë autorü slechtického püvoduj podle pnjmeni (novodobi autori), podle pre-
dikâtu (slechtici). Do rejstfiku neni zahmut poznâmkovy apurât.
Adam Pikarcfan 115
Adamite 22, 115, 117, 133
Adrian I. viz Hadrian I.
Adrien de But 131
Aethicus Ister, filosof 230, 238
Aimé Bourgeois (Bourgois) 126
Aiméry Picaud 43
Albert of Austria viz Albrecht II.
Habsbursky
Albrecht II. Habsbursky 196,
199, 252, 256
Albrecht III. Achilles, markrabë
braniborsky 252, 253
Alcuin 190
Alexandr Veliky 230, 231
Andrew Boorde 58
Anglicané 17, 18, 29, 33, 47-50,
59, 60, 85, 87, 92-101, 109,
111-113, 258, 259
Anglie (Anglické k ralovstvi) 3 3,
47, 50, 58, 85, 97, 100, 101,
116, 266
z Angoulême Jan 88
Antonio Bonfini 260
Aratus, astrolog 233, 244
Aristoteles 166
Armagnaci 28, 29, 85, 91, 92,
94, 103, 110, 112
Arméni 47,242
Arras 85, 96, 100, 107, 118,
133
d’Artois Philippe, hrabë z Eu
72
Asie 26, 43, 100, 229-245
Augsburg 136, 137, 140, 142,
145, 150, 154, 155
sv. Augustin 159, 164, 168,
172, 191, 217
Auxerre 112
Avafi 225, 236, 239
Avignon 55
Azincourt 91, 95, 96
Bailey Michael 183, 184,
186
Bajezid I., osmansky vlâdce 67,
70, 73, 77, 240, 241
Barth Fredrik 16
Bartolomëj z Chlumce viz Klaret
Bartos Frantisek Michâlek 123,
187
Basel viz Basilej
296
Kacifi, barbari, nepratelé
Basilej 23, 57, 108, 136, 181,
185, 193-196, 199-205,
210-213, 216, 235
Baskicko 41
Bautier Anne-Marie 39
Bavorsko 136, 258
zBedforduJan 112
Bernard z Clairvaux 131
z Berry Jan 91,94
Biequerius 120
Büina 144
z Bifkova Vaclav Sasek 33, 34,
37, 44, 45, 48-50, 60
Bithynie 239
Boucicaut viz Jean le Maingre
Braniborsko 258
de la Broquiere Bertrandon
265
Brusel 117
Bfevnov 143
Burgundsko (Burgundske vevodstvi)
28, 29, 85-130, 259, 265-267
Burkhard Zink 136, 140, 141,
145, 150-156
Cambrai 89, 127, 129
Cassiodor 171
Catherine Mainarde 119
Constance viz Kostnice
de Coucy Enguerrand 71, 72
Cracow viz Krakov
Cumans viz Kumani
Cech, eponymicky pfedek Cechü
226
z Cenova Vaclav Vlcek 252,
253, 260
z Darnley John Stewart 258
Delaville de Roulx Joseph 63
Dètmar z Lübecku 138, 140
Diego de Valera 52, 53, 57
Domazlice 187, 193, 194, 202,
203, 217, 255, 256
sv. Dominik 184
Douai 107, 108, 117-119,
133
Dunaj 224
Dunes 127y 131, 133
Durdikjan 247
Eduard IV, anglicky kral 90
Egypt 190,242
Eleazar, biblicka postava 198
Engelbrecht Wusterwitz
z Branibor 137, 153
Enguerrand de Monstrelet 89,
92-94, 103-110, 127-133
d’Esceullemchale Henri 78
Eugenius IV viz Evzen IV
Eustache Deschamps 55
Evzen IV, papez 204
Felix V, papez 204
Ferrara 204
Le Fèvre de Saint-Rémy, Jean
89, 103, 104, 106, 108, 111,
112
Filip III. Dobry, burgundsky vévoda
57, 85, 89, 124-128, 264
Rejstfík jmenny a mistní
297
Flandry 115-119, 122-124, 131,
133, 203
Fran cié (Francouzské království)
17, 18, 26, 40, 41, 46-51, 55,
57, 60-110, 116, 117, 121,
124, 129, 131, 197, 258, 259,
265-267
François Villon 56
Frank Robert 45
Frankenberger Otakar 247
Frankfurt nad Mohanem 252,
255
Fredegar 230
Frygie 239, 241
Gabriel Tetzel 37, 41
G alacie 239
Gelasius I., papez 160
Georges Chastelain 94, 95,
112, 128
Germany viz nëmecké zemë
Gian Galeazzo Visconti 70
Gilles Le Bouvier, recenÿ Berry
46, 51-53, 129, 265, 267
Gilles (Aegidius) Cantor
117
Gilles Mersault 120-123,
127
Gilles de Roye 131-132
Giuliano Cesarini 146,
202-204, 206, 235
Gog 230
Grafenberg 145
Grunwald 251
Guillaume de Hildernissen 117,
119
Hadrian L, papez 190
Hamme 93
Hartog François 25
Henegavsko (Henegavské hrabstm)
70, 123, 127
Herakleios, byzantsky ci sa? 243
Hermann Korner 138
Herodes Antipas 196
Hérodotos 25, 225, 232
Hippokratés 233, 244
z Hodëtina Jan Häjek 252, 253
Holandsko (Holandské hrabstvi)
123
Homér 233, 244
Horice 263
Housley Norman 74
z Hradce Menhart 225
Hradec Krâlové 153, 263
Hungary viz Uhry
Hunové 225, 236
Charlemagne viz Karel Veliky
Cheb 194, 205
Chêne Catherine 183, 184
Chomutov 143
Ionie 239
Isidor Sevillsky 36, 39, 42, 43,
97
Italie 26, 40, 41, 71, 97, 123,
234
Jacquemart Biéharie 122
Jan z Bourbonu 94
Jan Bremer 274
298
Kacifi, barbafi, nepfâtelé
Jan Hunyadi, spravce Uher
259-261
Jan Hus 118, 120, 126, 133,
139, 140, 162, 207, 214, 215
Jan Kassian 167
Jan Nebojâcnÿ, burgundsky vévoda
67, 92-94
Jan Rokycana 205
Jan Tarnowski 262
Jan Viklef viz John Wycliff
Jana z Arku 98, 108
Janos Thuroczy 83
Jaromer 153
Jean Brandon 131
Jean Froissart 49, 64-67, 70-72,
75-84, 108, 113, 128, 130
Jean Gerson 98, 102, 103
Jean de Hiellin 122-124
Jean Juvénal des Ursins 96,
100, 101
Jean le Maingre, feceny Boucicaut
63-84
Jean Molinet 128
Jean de Montreuil 96-99, 113
Jean Petit 102, 103, 109
Jean de Wavrin 89, 103, 104,
106, 108, 112
Jerome of Prague viz Jeronÿm
Prazskÿ
Jeronÿm Münzer 37, 47, 48
Jeronÿm Prazskÿ 139, 140, 160,
162, 214
Jews viz zidé
Jezis Kristus 76, 99, 100, 144,
161, 171, 175, 194, 205, 207,
222, 223, 235, 237, 242-245
Jihlava 181, 201, 215
Jindfich V, anglickÿ kral 95,
133
Jindfich VI., anglickÿ kral 98
Jindfich z Lammspringe 137
Jiîi z Podebrad, ceskÿ kral
261
Johannes Alkmaar 133
Johannes Nider 23, 181-218
John Fastolf 258, 259
John Wycliff 118, 133, 139,
195, 200, 207, 209, 210,
214
Josefiis Flavius 244
Juan Carvajal 58, 228
Kaminsky Howard 236
Kappadokie 239,242
Karel VI., francouzskÿ kral 66,
67, 85, 90
Karel VII., francouzskÿ kral 57,
85, 95, 96, 100, 121, 123, 124,
265
Karel z Bourbonu 258
Karel Orleanskÿ 88
Karel Smélÿ, burgundskÿ vévoda
90
Karel Velikÿ 190
Karte 239
Kam as 244
Kavkaz 231, 239
Kiltkie 239, 242
Klaret 29
Klucina Petr 248
z Kolbsheimu Kuno 255
i
Rejstrik jmenny a mist ni
299
Kostnice 57, 104, 118, 133, 140,
141, 155, 158, 162, 194, 214,
215
Krakov 187
Kumäni 17, 18, 184
Kutnd Hora 151-156, 263
sv. Ladislav, uhersky kräl 17
Lakonie 239
de Lannoy Guillebert 125, 264
Le Goff Jacques 7, 9, 33
Leustäk Ilsvai (Jolsvai), uhersky
palatin 77, 78
Lev VI., papez 248
Lille 107, 117, 124
Lipany 105, 130, 195, 197, 225
Lipsko 139, 145
Litva (Litevske velkovevodstvi)
104, 105, 109, 262
Loinig Elizabeth 138
Lorenzo Medici 234
Lotrinsko 52, 147
Lubdn 147
Lübeck 136-138, 140, 142, 146,
149, 152, 155
Lucembursko (Lucemburske vevodstvi)
123
Ludvik Orleänsky 90, 102, 109
Lutych 123
Luzice 40, 147, 149
Magdeburg 136, 137, 139, 142,
143, 149, 150, 153, 155, 203
Magog 230
Malmesbury 42
Marin Olivier 57, 87, 199
Marsina Richard 248
Matéj Döring 158, 167, 178
Matyás Korvin, uhersky král
83, 259-261
Mehmed L, osmansky sultán
232, 241
Mehmed IL, osmansky sultán
242
Meissen viz Misen
Melechov 262
Memmingen 136
Metz 147
Michel Pintoin 64-83
Mikulás zjavora 157-180
Mikulás z Lyry 173, 180
Misen 196
Mons-en-Pévéle 249
Morava 40, 41, 139, 147, 251,
256
Murad L, osmansky sultán 240
Murad IL, osmansky sultán 241
Muret 249
Musa Qelebi, osmansky vládce
241
Mustafa Qelebi, osmansky vládce
241
Nekmir 250
Némci 41, 47, 54, 97, 135, 143,
144, 156, 223, 261, 264, 265
nemeckézeme 18, 22, 26, 41, 46,
52, 61, 101, 135, 136, 140, 142,
145, 150, 152, 153, 156, 189,
203, 223, 252, 257, 258, 266
Nicolas de Clamanges 95
300
Kacífi, barbafi, nepíátelé
Nicolas Serrurier 118, 120
Nicolaus Secundinus 239
Nikopolis 20, 61-83
Ninus, fiktivni asyrsky kral 100
Norimberk 37, 48, 137, 143, 145,
146, 157, 187, 189, 205, 252,
253, 255-257
Normandie 93, 95, 97
Nuremberg viz Norimberk
Ondrej z Rezna 138
Orhan, osmansky vladce 240
Origenes 169
Orléans 87, 112, 258
Orleansti 88, 90-95, 102, 103,
111
Orphans viz sirotci
Osek 144
Osman, zakladatel osmanské
dynastie 232, 238-242
Ota z Ziegenheimu, trevirsky
arcibiskup 198-200
Oto z Freisingu 230, 231, 239
Pali Francise 78
Pamjylie 239
Panna Marie 131, 143, 144, 207
Pafîz 96, 102, 103, 258
Pasov 203
Passau viz Pasov
Patschovsky Alexander 102
Paulinus Venetus 36
Pavel, apostol 160-162, 165,
189, 233, 244
Perichejské hory 230, 238
Petr Lombardsky 170-172, 180
Philipp Seideneck 252, 253
Pierre d’Ailly 117
Pierre Flour 117
Pierre du Pret 120
Pikardie 89, 104, 108, 110, 112,
116, 122, 127
pikardsti 115-117, 120, 123
Pilát Pontsky 196
Pir Ahmed z Karamanu,
karamansky bej 242
Pisidie 239
Pius II. viz Aeneas Silvius
Piccolomini 20, 26, 54,
115, 219-245
Plinius 36
z Podébrad Jindfich 261
z Podébrad Viktorin 261
Poitou 43
z Polenska Hanus 149
Polsko 104, 105, 109, 262, 267
Pomponius 98
Pontské krdlovstvi 239
von Popplau Nielas 37, 44-50
Praha 8, 9, 52, 53, 55, 115-120,
129, 139-142, 146, 149, 150,
153-155, 185, 188, 195, 199,
205-215 NovéMésto 188
Prazsky brad 149 Staré
Mésto 188 Vysehrad 119, 143,
150, 153, 155
prazané 106, 123, 130, 132,
145, 154, 206, 208, 211, 215,
223, 227
Prokop Holy 145, 178
Pfemysl Orác 222
fl
Rejstfík jmenny a místní
301
Ptolemaios 36, 42, 43
Puer Bohemus viz Jean de Hiellin
Rahovo 69, 73
Rakousko 227, 258
Rhodos 244
Rickard Peter 49
Roland 62, 81
Romanäk Andrej 248
Roncevaux 81
Rouvray 258, 259
Royaumont 131
z Rozmitälu Lev 37, 38, 45,
48
Recko 25, 69, 231, 236,
239-242, 245
Rehof L Veliky, papez 167
Rehof IX., papez 164
Rehof z Tours 99
Rekove 240, 241, 244
Rim 21, 26, 39, 57, 67, 152,
222, 235, 238, 243, 244, 248
Rimane 39, 47* 169, 190, 233,
243, 244
Rise viz Svatd rise rimskd
Saint-Denis 64, 65, 67, 72
Santiago de Compostella 43, 51
Sasko 40,258
Schönberg 261
Siena 118, 194
sirotci 188, 205, 206, 224, 226,
227, 254
Skytie 230, 231, 236, 238, 242
Slezsko 251-253, 256, 258, 261
Soissons 111
Strahov 143
Sudóme f 250
Süleyman Çelebi, osmansky vládce
240
Sullivan Karen 22
Svatd rise rimskd 40, 52, 54, 59,
12-126, 129, 136, 143, 145,
150, 157, 170, 179, 252, 254,
255, 257, 258, 264, 268
Syrie 245
Svycarsko 123
Tabor 150, 195, 212, 224, 228,
236
táborité 22, 26, 130, 157, 159,
166, 168, 169, 176, 178, 179,
186, 188, 201, 206, 208, 213,
215, 220-228, 232, 237
Tachov 153
Tamerlán, zakladatel dynastie
Tímúrovcu 240
Taracuntské ostrovy 230, 238
Tertulián 160, 168
Teukrové 230, 238, 241
Thomas Ebendorfer 58
Thrdkie 240, 241
Toman Hugo 247
Tomás Akvinsky 160, 165, 180
Tomdsov 261
Toulouse 8, 249
Tournai 107, 117-123, 127
Trapezuntské cisarstvi 242
302
Kacíri, barbari, neprátelé
z Trocnova Jan 2izka 199,
224-227, 250-254, 259, 263,
264
Trojané 230, 231, 238
Troyes 95, 98
Tschacher Werner 183
Turci 24, 26, 29, 63, 67, 70-79,
126, 196, 219, 220, 228-245,
259-262, 267, (276, 277)
Uhry (Uherské krdlovstvi) 17, 18,
40, 56, 60-84, 126, 196, 205,
259-261, 267
Ústí nad Labem 264
Utrecht 133
Uzun Hasan, akkojunlusky sultán
242
Vaclav IV. Lucembursky, král rímsky
a cesky 139, 141, 155
Valenciennes 117
z Vartenberka Cenék 149, 150
Vavíinec z Bíezové 22, 115,
262
Vegetius 248
VeVké KostoVany 260
Vergilius 228, 230
Vemeuil 112
Viden 58, 158, 160, 162, 165,
167, 168, 169, 176, 195, 260
Vienna viz Viden
de Vienne Jean 75
Vitkov 150
Vitold, litevsky velkoknize 104
Vladislav Jagello, zakladatel
jagellonske dynastie 104,
109
Vratislav 37, 41, 45, 48, 142,
153, 250
Walther Hans 39, 40, 47, 54, 56
Zbraslav 132, 143
Zikmund Lucembursky, rimsky
cisaf a krai rimsky, cesky
a uhersky 67-70, 72, 73,
74-80, 108, 125-126, 129,
132, 133, 140-143, 149, 151,
153-154, 228
zide 21, 28, 39, 47, 197-200,
242, 244
Zibovosf 250
¿lutice 263
Zofie Bavorska, kralovna rimska
a ceska 139
Bayerische
Staatsbibliothek
Ms
:hen
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author2 | Bažant, Vojtěch 1987- Vejrychová, Věra 1984- |
| author2_role | edt edt |
| author2_variant | v b vb v v vv |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1123650543 (DE-588)112365106X |
| author_facet | Bažant, Vojtěch 1987- Vejrychová, Věra 1984- |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV043999797 |
| classification_rvk | NM 7250 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)969664558 (DE-599)BVBBV043999797 |
| discipline | Geschichte |
| edition | Vydání první |
| era | Geschichte 1300-1500 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1300-1500 |
| format | Book |
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| genre | (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Aufsatzsammlung |
| geographic | Mitteleuropa (DE-588)4039677-0 gnd Westeuropa (DE-588)4079215-8 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Mitteleuropa Westeuropa |
| id | DE-604.BV043999797 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T07:40:48Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9788070074565 |
| language | Czech |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-029407766 |
| oclc_num | 969664558 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-155 DE-BY-UBR DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-B220 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-155 DE-BY-UBR DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-B220 |
| physical | 302 Seiten |
| psigel | DHB_BSB_FID |
| publishDate | 2016 |
| publishDateSearch | 2016 |
| publishDateSort | 2016 |
| publisher | Centrum medievistických studií |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Kacíři, barbaři, nepřátelé odlišnost a stereotypy v pozdním středověku = Heretics, barbarians, enemies : difference and stereotypes in the Late Middle Ages k vydání připravili Vojtěch Bažant a Věra Vejrychová Heretics, barbarians, enemies Vydání první Praha Centrum medievistických studií 2016 Praha Filosofia 2016 302 Seiten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Zusammenfassung in englischer Sprache Geschichte 1300-1500 gnd rswk-swf Nation (DE-588)4041279-9 gnd rswk-swf Stereotyp (DE-588)4057329-1 gnd rswk-swf Mitteleuropa (DE-588)4039677-0 gnd rswk-swf Westeuropa (DE-588)4079215-8 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Mitteleuropa (DE-588)4039677-0 g Westeuropa (DE-588)4079215-8 g Nation (DE-588)4041279-9 s Stereotyp (DE-588)4057329-1 s Geschichte 1300-1500 z DE-604 Bažant, Vojtěch 1987- (DE-588)1123650543 edt Vejrychová, Věra 1984- (DE-588)112365106X edt Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 24 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029407766&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 24 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029407766&sequence=000002&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 24 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029407766&sequence=000003&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 24 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029407766&sequence=000004&line_number=0004&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Personen- und Ortsregister |
| spellingShingle | Kacíři, barbaři, nepřátelé odlišnost a stereotypy v pozdním středověku = Heretics, barbarians, enemies : difference and stereotypes in the Late Middle Ages Nation (DE-588)4041279-9 gnd Stereotyp (DE-588)4057329-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4041279-9 (DE-588)4057329-1 (DE-588)4039677-0 (DE-588)4079215-8 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
| title | Kacíři, barbaři, nepřátelé odlišnost a stereotypy v pozdním středověku = Heretics, barbarians, enemies : difference and stereotypes in the Late Middle Ages |
| title_alt | Heretics, barbarians, enemies |
| title_auth | Kacíři, barbaři, nepřátelé odlišnost a stereotypy v pozdním středověku = Heretics, barbarians, enemies : difference and stereotypes in the Late Middle Ages |
| title_exact_search | Kacíři, barbaři, nepřátelé odlišnost a stereotypy v pozdním středověku = Heretics, barbarians, enemies : difference and stereotypes in the Late Middle Ages |
| title_full | Kacíři, barbaři, nepřátelé odlišnost a stereotypy v pozdním středověku = Heretics, barbarians, enemies : difference and stereotypes in the Late Middle Ages k vydání připravili Vojtěch Bažant a Věra Vejrychová |
| title_fullStr | Kacíři, barbaři, nepřátelé odlišnost a stereotypy v pozdním středověku = Heretics, barbarians, enemies : difference and stereotypes in the Late Middle Ages k vydání připravili Vojtěch Bažant a Věra Vejrychová |
| title_full_unstemmed | Kacíři, barbaři, nepřátelé odlišnost a stereotypy v pozdním středověku = Heretics, barbarians, enemies : difference and stereotypes in the Late Middle Ages k vydání připravili Vojtěch Bažant a Věra Vejrychová |
| title_short | Kacíři, barbaři, nepřátelé |
| title_sort | kaciri barbari nepratele odlisnost a stereotypy v pozdnim stredoveku heretics barbarians enemies difference and stereotypes in the late middle ages |
| title_sub | odlišnost a stereotypy v pozdním středověku = Heretics, barbarians, enemies : difference and stereotypes in the Late Middle Ages |
| topic | Nation (DE-588)4041279-9 gnd Stereotyp (DE-588)4057329-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Nation Stereotyp Mitteleuropa Westeuropa Aufsatzsammlung |
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