Genocide: a comprehensive introduction
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
London ; New York
Routledge
2017
|
| Ausgabe: | 3rd edition |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | xxxviii, 523 Seiten, P1-P29, Seite 527-839 Illustrationen, Karten 25 cm |
| ISBN: | 9781138780439 9781138823846 9781315725390 |
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? ■■ ■ I■■■
CONTENTS
List of Illustrations xvii
About the Author xxv
Preface xxviii
Acknowledgments xxxvi
PART 1 OVERVIEW
1
1 The Origins of Genocide
Genocide in prehistory, antiquity, and early modernity
The Vendée uprising
Zulu genocide
Naming genocide: Raphael Lemkin
Defining genocide:The UN Convention
Bounding genocide: Comparative genocide studies
Discussion
What is destroyed in genocide?
Multiple and overlapping identities
Dynamism and contingency
The question of genocidal intent
Contested cases of genocide
Atlantic slavery—and after
Area bombing and nuclear warfare
The Biafra war
UN sanctions against Iraq
9/11 : Terrorism as genocide?
Structural and institutional violence
Is genocide ever justified?
Further study
Notes
3
3
9
17
22
28
39
45
48
49
51
51
53
57
59
60
62
64
67
70
XI
CONTENTS
2 State and Empire; War and Revolution 88
The state, imperialism, and genocide 90
Imperial famines 92
The Congo “rubber terror” 98
The Japanese in East and Southeast Asia 100
The US in Indochina 102
The Soviets in Afghanistan 106
Imperial ascent and dissolution 111
Genocide and war 117
The First World War and the dawn of industrial death 122
The Second World War and the “barbarization of warfare” 124
Genocide and social revolution 126
The nuclear revolution and “omnicide” 128
Further study 130
Notes 132
PART 2 CASES 145
3 Genocides of Indigenous Peoples 147
Introduction 147
Colonialism and the discourse of extinction 148
The conquest of the Americas 130
Spanish America 130
The United States and Canada 133
Other genocidal strategies 160
Australia’s Aborigines and the Namibian Hereros 163
Genocide in Australia 163
The Herero genocide 165
Denying genocide, celebrating genocide 169
Complexities and caveats 170
Indigenous revival 173
Further study 176
Notes 178
The genocide of Guatemala’s Mayans 187
4 The Ottoman Destruction of Christian Minorities 200
Introduction 200
Origins of the genocide 202
War, deportation, and massacre 205
The Armenian genocide 206
The Assyrian genocide 215
The Pontian Greek genocide 225
Aftermath: Attempts at justice 229
Turkey: Denial ... and growing recognition 231
XII
CONTENTS
Further study 239
Notes 240
Iraq, Syria, and the rise of Islamic State (IS) 250
5 Stalin and Mao 258
The Soviet Union and Stalinism 259
1917:The Bolsheviks seize power 259
Collectivization and famine 262
The Gulag 267
The Great Purge of 1937—1938 270
The war years 272
The destruction of national minorities 275
China and Maoism 282
Stalin, Mao, and genocide 296
Further study 298
Notes 300
Chechnya 310
6 The Jewish Holocaust 318
Introduction 318
Origins 319
“Ordinary Germans” and the Nazis 323
The turn to mass murder 325
Debating the Holocaust 340
Intentionalists vs. functionalists 340
Jewish resistance 344
The Allies and the churches: Could the Jews have been saved? 345
Willing executioners? 347
Israel, the Palestinians, and the Holocaust 349
Is the Jewish Holocaust “uniquely unique”? 353
Further study 355
Notes 358
The Nazis’ other victims 368
7 Cambodia and the Khmer Rouge 392
Origins of the Khmer Rouge 392
War and revolution, 1970—1975 395
A genocidai ideology 397
A policy of“urbicide,” 1975 400
“Base people” vs. “New people” 400
Cambodia’s Holocaust, 1975—1979 402
Genocide against Buddhists and ethnic minorities 408
Aftermath: Politics and the quest for justice 411
Further study 415
CONTENTS
Notes 416
Indonesia and East Timor 419
8 Bosnia and Kosovo 432
Origins and onset 432
Gendercide and genocide in Bosnia 438
The international dimension 439
Kosovo, 1998—1999 444
Aftermaths 446
Images of Kosovo 451
Further study 452
Notes 453
Genocide in Bangladesh 457
9 Genocide in Africa s Great Lakes Region 470
The African Great Lakes countries in regional
context 471
Rwanda, 1994: horror and shame 473
Background to genocide 474
Genocidal frenzy 478
Congo and Africa’s “first world war” 487
1996—1997: The “genocide of the camps” 488
The Second Congo war 491
The Burundian imbroglio 494
Great Lakes aftermaths 498
Further study 502
Notes 503
Darfur, South Sudan, South Kordofan 511
Photo Essay P1
PART 3 SOCIAL SCIENCE PERSPECTIVES 525
10 Psychological Perspectives 527
Narcissism, greed, fear, humiliation 528
Narcissism 528
Greed 531
Fear 534
Humiliation 539
The psychology of perpetrators 541
The Milgram experiments 542
The Stanford prison experiments 546
The psychology of rescuers 548
xiv
CONTENTS
Further study 560
Notes 561
11 The Sociology and Anthropology of Genocide 572
Introduction 572
Sociological perspectives 573
The sociology of modernity 573
Ethnicity and ethnic conflict 577
Ethnic conflict and violence “specialists” 580
“Middleman minorities” 583
Anthropological perspectives 585
Further study 594
Notes 596
12 Political Science and International Relations 602
Empirical investigations 603
The changing face of war 607
Democracy, war, and genocide/democide 611
Norms and prohibition regimes 614
Further study 620
Notes 621
13 Gendering Genocide 625
Gendercide vs. root-and-branch genocide 626
Women as genocidal targets 632
Gendercidal institutions 635
Genocidal men, genocidal women 640
A note on gendered propaganda 646
Further study 649
Notes 650
PART 4 THE FUTURE OF GENOCIDE 661
14 Memory, Forgetting, and Denial 663
Contested memories: three cases 664
I. Germany 664
II. Japan 669
III. Argentina 673
Forgetting 677
Genocide denial: Motives and strategies 683
Denial and free speech 686
Further study 689
Notes 690
XV
CONTENTS
15 Justice, Truth, and Redress 697
Leipzig, Constantinople, Nuremberg, Tokyo 698
The international criminal tribunals: Yugoslavia and Rwanda 705
Juridical contributions 708
National trials 712
The “mixed tribunals”: Cambodia and Sierra Leone 714
Another kind of justice: Rwanda’s gacaca experiment 715
The Pinochet case 718
The International Criminal Court (ICC) 720
International citizens’ tribunals 723
Truth and reconciliation 724
The challenge of redress 734
The role of apology 736
Further study 737
Notes 739
16 Strategies of Intervention and Prevention 749
Warning signs 751
Humanitarian intervention 760
Sanctions 761
The United Nations 762
When is military intervention justified? 763
A standing “peace army”? 770
Ideologies and individuals 784
The role of the honest witness 785
Ideologies, religious and secular 788
Personal responsibility 794
Conclusion 796
Further study 797
Notes 799
Index
809
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