The structure and dynamics of cities: urban data analysis and theoretical modeling
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Cambridge
Cambridge University Press
2016
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| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Klappentext |
| Beschreibung: | Literaturverzeichnis: Seite 248-260 |
| Beschreibung: | xviii, 262 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme |
| ISBN: | 9781107109179 |
Internformat
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Contents
Preface page xi
Acknowledgments xvii
1 Urban systems 1
1.1 A science of cities 2
1.1.1 The nature of the problem 2
1.1.2 What is a city? Origins and definitions 4
1.2 Spatial and temporal scales 8
1.2.1 Population 8
1.2.2 Area, density, and volume of cities 12
1.2.3 Time scales 19
1.3 Naïve scaling 20
1.3.1 Surface area 21
1.3.2 Total length of roads 21
1.3.3 Total daily commuting distance 23
2 Models and methods 25
2.1 Statistical physics of complex systems 25
2.2 The shape of a science of cities 26
2.3 How many parameters? 28
2.3.1 Statistical physics and relevant parameters 28
2.3.2 Modeling cities 29
2.4 Critiques of urban economics 31
2.4.1 Interactions and equilibrium 32
2.4.2 Invariance with respect to utility choice 33
2.5 Data 37
2.5.1 Sources 38
2.5.2 Different types of data 39
2.5.3 Data are not enough: models 43
2.6 The barriers to interdisciplinarity 45
3 The spatial organization of cities 47
3.1 Optimal locations 47
3.1.1 Distribution of public facilities 47
3.1.2 Distribution of retail stores 49
3.2 Measuring a poly centric structure 52
3.2.1 Definition 52
3.2.2 Identifying and counting hotspots 54
3.3 Polycentricity: Classical approaches 57
3.3.1 The Fujita-Ogawa model 57
3.3.2 The edge-city model 63
3.4 Revisiting the Fujita-Ogawa model 65
3.4.1 A complex quantity described as random 65
3.4.2 Monocentric-polycentric transition 67
3.4.3 Number of centers 68
3.4.4 Consequences for mobility 70
3.4.5 CO2 emission and gasoline consumption 72
3.4.6 Urban villages 75
3.4.7 The most economical population distribution 76
4 Infrastructure networks 78
4.1 Roads and streets: patterns 78
4.1.1 Length of the network 79
4.1.2 Statistics of blocks 81
4.1.3 Structure of paths 89
4.2 Evolution of the road network 95
4.2.1 Basic properties 96
4.2.2 Simplicity profile 99
4.2.3 Betweenness centrality impact 101
4.2.4 Evolving patterns of betweenness centrality 102
4.2.5 Modeling the road network 104
4.3 Subways 111
4.3.1 All large cities have a subway system 111
4.3.2 Convergence to a universal structure 112
4.3.3 Scaling and modeling for subways 120
4.4 Digression: Railroads 125
4.4.1 Scaling 125
4.4.2 Are subways and railroads the same? 127
5 Mobility patterns 129
5.1 Typology of origin-destination matrices 130
5.1.1 Extracting coarse-grained information from OD matrices 132
5.1.2 Comparing mobility networks 134
5.2 Modeling mobility patterns 13 8
5.2.1 Statistics of flows: from gravity to radiation 138
5.2.2 Commuting and income 142
5.3 Human mobility: Levy flights or accelerated walkers? 151
5.3.1 Back to basics: empirical observations 152
5.3.2 Modeling the hierarchy of modes 155
6 Multimodality in cities 161
6.1 A multilayer network view of urban navigation 162
6.1.1 Empirical observations of multimodality 162
6.1.2 Characterizing the multilayer system 165
6.2 The effect of coupling 172
6.2.1 A toy model 173
6.2.2 Optimal velocity for the road-subway system 177
6.3 Information perspective on navigation in cities 185
6.3.1 Simplest paths 186
6.3.2 Information entropy 186
6.3.3 Information threshold: 8 bits 188
6.3.4 Effect of multimodal couplings 190
7 Socioeconomic aspects 193
7.1 Classical models of urban economics 194
7.1.1 Why discuss these models here? 194
7.1.2 The Alonso-Muth-Mills model 194
7.1.3 Beckmann’s model: space and the social network 200
7.2 Segregation and income structure of cities 203
7.2.1 A null model for spatial segregation 204
7.2.2 The emergent social stratification of cities 205
7.3 Modeling segregation 210
7.3.1 Transportation modes in the Alonso-Muth-Mills model 210
7.3.2 A simple model for tie formation 213
7.3.3 Statistical physics of the Schelling model 214
7.3.4 Collective versus individual dynamics 217
7.4 Scaling in urban systems 219
7.4.1 What is scaling? 219
7.4.2 Theoretical approaches 222
8 Systems of cities 225
8.1 Population distribution 225
8.1.1 The number of cities and the largest city 226
8.1.2 Gibrat, Gabaix, and diffusion with noise 228
8.2 Central place theory and spatial fluctuations 236
8.2.1 Outline of Christaller’s theory 236
8.2.2 Spatial fluctuations 237
9 Toward a new science of cities 242
9.1 What is our “understanding”? 242
9.2 Measuring the death and life of great cities 244
9.3 The future of the city 245
9.4 Concluding thoughts 247
References 248
Index 261
With over half of the world’s population now living in urban areas, the ability
to model and understand the structure and dynamics of cities is becoming
increasingly valuable. Combining new data with tools and concepts from statistical
physics and urban economics, this book presents a modem and interdisciplinary
perspective on cities and urban systems. Both empirical observations and
theoretical approaches are critically reviewed, with particular emphasis placed on
derivations of classical models and results, along with analysis of their limits and
validity. Key aspects of cities are thoroughly analyzed, including mobility patterns,
the impact of multimodality, the coupling between different transportation modes,
the evolution of infrastmcture networks, spatial and social organization, and
interactions between cities. Drawing upon knowledge and methods from areas
of mathematics, physics, economics, and geography, the resulting quantitative
description of cities will be of interest to all those studying and researching how to
model these complex systems.
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| language | English |
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| spelling | Barthélemy, Marc 1965- (DE-588)138674523 aut The structure and dynamics of cities urban data analysis and theoretical modeling Marc Barthelemy, Institut de Physique Théorique, Commisariat à l'Energie Atomique and Centre d'Analyse et de Mathématique Sociales, École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales Cambridge Cambridge University Press 2016 xviii, 262 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Literaturverzeichnis: Seite 248-260 Stadt (DE-588)4056723-0 gnd rswk-swf Systemanalyse (DE-588)4116673-5 gnd rswk-swf Mathematisches Modell (DE-588)4114528-8 gnd rswk-swf Stadt (DE-588)4056723-0 s Mathematisches Modell (DE-588)4114528-8 s DE-604 Systemanalyse (DE-588)4116673-5 s Digitalisierung UB Augsburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029398455&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung UB Augsburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029398455&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext |
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| title | The structure and dynamics of cities urban data analysis and theoretical modeling |
| title_auth | The structure and dynamics of cities urban data analysis and theoretical modeling |
| title_exact_search | The structure and dynamics of cities urban data analysis and theoretical modeling |
| title_full | The structure and dynamics of cities urban data analysis and theoretical modeling Marc Barthelemy, Institut de Physique Théorique, Commisariat à l'Energie Atomique and Centre d'Analyse et de Mathématique Sociales, École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales |
| title_fullStr | The structure and dynamics of cities urban data analysis and theoretical modeling Marc Barthelemy, Institut de Physique Théorique, Commisariat à l'Energie Atomique and Centre d'Analyse et de Mathématique Sociales, École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales |
| title_full_unstemmed | The structure and dynamics of cities urban data analysis and theoretical modeling Marc Barthelemy, Institut de Physique Théorique, Commisariat à l'Energie Atomique and Centre d'Analyse et de Mathématique Sociales, École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales |
| title_short | The structure and dynamics of cities |
| title_sort | the structure and dynamics of cities urban data analysis and theoretical modeling |
| title_sub | urban data analysis and theoretical modeling |
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