Constraining elites in Russia and Indonesia: political participation and regime survival
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Cambridge
Cambridge University Press
2016
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| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Literaturverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register |
| Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references and index ; revised dissertation |
| Beschreibung: | xvii, 313 Seiten Illustrationen |
| ISBN: | 9781107084377 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | CONSTRAINING ELITES IN RUSSIA AND INDONESIA
/ LUSSIER, DANIELLE N.YYEAUTHOR
: 2016
TABLE OF CONTENTS / INHALTSVERZEICHNIS
INTRODUCTION: ACTIVATING DEMOCRACY
EXTENDING DEMOCRATIZATION THEORY: THE CASES OF RUSSIA AND INDONESIA
ELITE-CONSTRAINING PARTICIPATION AND DEMOCRACY S SURVIVAL
TESTING THE MODEL: PREDICTING NON-VOTING POLITICAL PARTICIPATION
TOCQUEVILLE REVISITED: CIVIC SKILLS AND SOCIAL NETWORKS
POLITICAL EFFICACY AND THROWING THE RASCALS OUT
POLITICAL TRUST AND REGIME LEGITIMACY
CONCLUSION: POLITICAL PARTICIPATION AND THE FUTURE OF DEMOCRACY
LIST OF EXPERT INTERVIEW SUBJECTS
DIESES SCHRIFTSTUECK WURDE MASCHINELL ERZEUGT.
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Index
Abdillah (mayor of Medan, Indonesia), 272
Aceh conflict (Indonesia), 72-73
Ahmadiyah Muslims in Indonesia, 274
Almond, Gabriel, 196, 200-201, 233
American National Election Studies, 200
Arab Spring (2011), 277
arisan (rotating credit associations in
Indonesia), 169, 189
Asian Financial Crisis (1997-98), 53, 56
Association of Residents of the Surabaya
Strenkali (PWS), 179, 181, 187-88
authoritarianism
backsliding into, r-3, 7, 10-n, 17,41,
58, 61-67, 76, 78, 82, 86, 137, 150,
159, 219, 236, 253-54, 261, 264, 270,
275-76, 278
civil society engagement under, 148
contacting of public officials under,
109—12
elites and, 15-16
Indonesia’s New Order regime and, 3, 6,
49-52 254
institutions under, 42
legacies of, 6-7, 40, 85-86, 119-22,
173-76, 184, 199-200
political efficacy under, 197
political participation under, 6, 15-16,
80-82, 85-86
protests as a means of overthrowing,
198-99
socialization under, 21, 82, 85-86
in the Soviet Union, 44-45, 254
Suharto and, 6—7, 49-50, 52
Sukarno and,49-50
Bali (Indonesia), 74-75
Batak ethnic group (Indonesia)
community organizations among, 107,
168-69
interviews with members of, 38-39, 107,
i65n7,177, 214-15, 223
in Medan, 30, 38-39, 168-69, 173016,
177-78
sociability levels among, 173016
Beslan school massacre (Russia, 2004),
63, 257
boycotts, 47, 63, 94-95» 100
Brady, Henry
civic skills defined by, 185
civic voluntarism model and, 147, 150-51,
177, 189
on measures of political efficacy, 200
on resources for political participation,
177
Soviet public opinion studies and, 47
Brazil, 9-10, 270
bupati (local lords in Indonesia), 48
campaign work. See political campaign
work
Center for the Study of Islam and Society
(PPIM) survey data, 96, 98, 100
Central Electoral Commission (Indonesia),
73
295
index
296
Central Electoral Commission (Russia), 2.2.9
Charter 77 movement, 80
China, 13, 15, 8^4
The Civic Culture (Almond and Verba),
196, 233
Civic Forum (Czech Republic), 55
civic skills
civic voluntarism mode! and, 151, 157,
185
civil society engagement’s development
of, 19, 148, 151, 153, 157, 169, 177,
185-89, 192, 194, 215, 265
definition of, 185
educational attainment and, 138, 185
elite-constraining political behavior and,
188, 192, 194
in Indonesia, 147, 151, 177, 185,
188-89, 194
leadership training and, 177, 185-88, 192
political participation facilitated by,
185-87,215
in Russia, 177, 185, 188-89
work experience and, 185
civic voluntarism model
(Verba-Schlozman-Brady)
advanced democracies and, 150-51
capacity and, 176-77
civic skills development and, 151, 157,
185
connectedness and, 176-77, 189
democratization and, 147, 151
in Indonesia, 147, 151, 176-77, 192
motivation and, 176-77
in Russia, 147, 151, 176-77, 192
civil society engagement
in advanced democracies, 148, 150
associations’ autonomy from the state
and, 153, 182
association types and, 155-57, 265
authoritarian legacies’ impact on, 173—76,
184
in authoritarian societies, 148, 174
civic skills development and, 19, 148,
151, *53» *57» 169, 177, 185-89, 192,
194,215,265
definition of, 19, 148
democracy and, 24, 28, 147-50
democratization and, 15, 19-20, 60,
148-51, 153-54» 157» 19*, ^5» 2.67»
269-70
education levels’ impact on, 138-39, 170
elite-constraining political participation
and, 2, 18-20, 128,131, 148-51, 176,
265-67
gender as a factor influencing, 126, 134
global averages of, 148, 155
in Indonesia, 19, 21, 108, 113, 124,
127—28, 130-40, 147-48, 150-51,
154-57» 164-81, 183, 185-92, 194,
203-4, 212, 215, 240—41, 265-67,
269, 273
labor unions and, 60, 153, 156-58, 160
measures of, 124, 148, 151-55
money as a resource for, 180-85, 265-66
neighborhood associations and, 167-68,
265
organizational formality and, 152-53
political efficacy and, 21, 130, 136, 139,
149,203-4, 212
political participation and, 2, 18-21, 24,
118, 125, 127-31, 135-37, 139-40,
147-53, 172., 176, 191, 2.38, 2.65, 267
political trust and, 21, 130, 240-41
professional organizations and, 156,
170,179
religious organizations and, 156-57,
162-63, 165-67, 171-7*» 177-79,
185-89, 215, 265, 269-70, 273
in Russia, 19, 21, 60, 86, 124, 127-28,
131-40, 147-48, 151» 154-64, 173»
175-83, 188-92, 194, 203-4, 265-67,
269
sociability and, 147, 153, 173
social capital and, 153-54
social networks and, 19, 113, 151, 154,
172-73, 176, 190-92
time as a resource for, 177-80, 265-66
Tocqueville on, 147-49, 153-54
World Values Survey data on, 154-59,
163
Colton, Timothy, 26n6, 89
Communist Party (China), 15
Communist Party (Russia; KPRF)
civic skills development and, 188
elections for parliament (1995) and, 59
elections for president (1996)
and, 59-60
in Krasnoyarsk Krai, 115, 211
political minority status of, 64, 114
public receptions held by, 211
in Tatarstan, 105, 114-15
youth wing of, 105
Index
297
Communist Party (Soviet Union; CPSU)
Central Committee of, 44-45, 47
civil society organizations administered
by, 164
collapse of the Soviet Union and, 158, 164
contacting officials in, 81, 109-11
coup attempt (1991) by hardline
members of, 54, 84
elections for Russian president (1991)
and,53-54
general secretary of, 45, 109—10
Komsomol youth organization in, 46,
164, 174
leadership training and, 177, 188
Politburo of, 45—46
political monopoly of, 3, 44-45, 47, 60,
89, 121, 2,04, 249, 2.51
political repression and coercion by,
6~7 45
Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI),
48-49 70
Communist Youth League (Komsomol;
Soviet Union), 46, 164, 174
Congress of People’s Deputies (Soviet
Union’s parliament), 46—47, 89, 218,
242, 251
Constitutional Court (Indonesia), 70,
73-74, 222, 274
contacting public officials
age as factor influencing, 127, 141-42
in authoritarian regimes, 109-12
civic skills and, 187, 192
civil society engagement’s impact on,
127-28, 13 2—3 3, 135-36, 141-42.
in Communist China, 15
education levels’ impact on, 113, 127,
129, 132, 139, 141-42, 172
elite-enabling nature of, 2, 18, 79, 83-84,
86,109, 112, 117, 135, 139, 230, 267
gender as factor influencing, 127, 129,
132, 134, 139, 141-42
in Indonesia, 85, 96—102, 107—9, 115—16,
127-29, 132-33, 135-37, 172.,
203-4, 215, 238
interview data regarding, 103-4
particularized versus social forms of,
107-9, 111-12.
political efficacy and, 104-6, 122,
12.7, 133, Mi-42., 194, 197, 2.03-4,
208—12, 215, 266
political trust and, 238
in Russia, 89, 92-93, 101-2,104-11,
117, 120, 122, 127-29, 132—36, 139,
141, 192, 194, 197, 203-4, 208-12,
230, 238, 266—67
in the Soviet Union, 81, 85, 88-89, 93,
109-10, 120
contentious politics. See also protests
age as factor influencing, 127, 145-46
in authoritarian countries, 79
civil society engagement’s impact on, 19,
127-28, 132-34, 137, 145-47, I5I
conventional political participation’s
correlation with, 93, 98, 106, 122
democracy and, 271
education levels’ impact on, 113, 127,
129, 132, 134, 145-46
elite-constraining nature of, 18, 43, 83,
86, 98, nr, 113, 116-17, 267, 277
examples of types of, 79
gender as a factor influencing, 127, 132,
134,145-46
in Indonesia, 41, 51, 74-76, 96-102,
106-8, 112—13, 117, 122, 127-29,
132-33, 135-37, i39, i47, 151»
172-73, 192, 203, 212-14, 2-38, 241,
262, 266—67
political efficacy and, 127—28,133,
145-46, 194, 198-99, 203, 212-14, 2-66
political trust and, 127-28, 139, 145-46,
238, 240, 262
in Russia, 67, 76, 93-95, 101-2, 104-5,
107, hi, 127, 132-33, 135-37, i45,
194, 203, 238, 275, 278
Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK,
Indonesia), 271
Council of the City of Surabaya (volunteer
organization), 179, 181, 187, 189
Crescent Star Party (PBB; Indonesia), 72
Croatia, 62
Czech Republic, 55, 122
Dahl, Robert, 7—8
democracy. See also democratization
civil liberties and, 7—9
civil society engagement and, 24, 28,
147-50
contentious politics and, 271
Dahl’s criteria for, 7—8
elections and, 2, 7, 43, 195, 254
good governance and, 41-42
“guided democracy” and, 3, 48-49, 61
298
Index
democracy {amt.)
institutionalization of the rules of, 8, 43
legitimacy and, 262-63
the middle class and, 12, 24
political trust and, 233—34
socioeconomic development and, 7, 11-14
Democratic Party {PD; Indonesia), 72, 74
Democratic Russia Movement (DRM),
53-54
democratization» See also democracy
authoritarian backsliding and, 1-3, 7,
10 11, 17, 41, 58, 61-67, 76, 78, 82,
86, 137, 150, 236, 253-54, 261, 264,
270, 275-76, 278
civic voluntarism model and, 147, 151
civil liberties and, 11, 14
civil society engagement and, 15, 19-20,
60, 148-51, 153-54, 157, 191, ¿65,
267, 269-70
corruption and, 4-5, 271—74
cross-national statistical analysis of, 22-23
democratization theory and, 2-8, 11-12,
14, 22, 28, 264, 268-69, 2.78
“deviant” cases in, 2-3, 11, 22, 264,
269, 278
elections and, 3, 8, 11, 14, 16-17, 82, 85,
195, 198-99, 216, 225-26, 229-32,
243, 254-61, 263, 268
elite-constraining political participation
and, 2, 5, 11, 16-20, 41-42, 78, 82,
86, 118, 138, 215-16, 264-65,
267-68, 277-78
elite-enabling political participation and,
5, 42-43, 78, 83-84, 86, 112, 118,
264, 268
Freedom House scores as measure of,
1, 10
hydrocarbons and, 4-5
independent statehood history and, 2-5,
14, 28, 264
in Indonesia, 2-6, 10-11, 21, 24-25, 28,
40-42, 67-78, 85, 96, 100, 102, 113,
118, 121, 151, 171, 191, 207, 225-26,
254, 261-64, 267-74, 2-78
intervals between elections and, 17, 82,
268
the middle class and, 13, 24
modernization and, 4, 22-23
Muslim-majority countries and, 4-6
political efficacy and, 19-20, 194-200,
205, 23 1-32, 265, 267, 269
political institutions and, 8, 11, 14-1 5,
268
political opportunity structure and, 21,
118, 150-51, 191-92
political trust and, 19-20, 28, 232-36,
261-62, 265—67, 269
post-Communist countries and, 6
regionally focused case studies of,
22-23
religions and, 5
in Russia, 2-7, 10-11, 21, 24-25, 28,
40-42, 54, 58-63, 76, 78, 85, 93, 102,
118, 151, 164, 175-76, 191-92.» 2.05,
207, 225-26, 229, 243, 251, 253-54,
261-64, 268-70,274-78
socioeconomic development and, 2—3,
12-14, 2.2-23, 264
in the Soviet Union, 45-46
“third wave” of, 1-2, 5, 8, 12, 23,
269-70» 2.78
demonstrations. See protests
Deripaska, Oleg, no
deviant-case selection, 2, 22
DPD. See Regional Representatives Council
(Indonesia)
DPR. See House of Representatives
(Indonesia)
Duch, Raymond, 88
Dutch East Indies Company, 48
dwifungsi (“twin functions”) doctrine
(Indonesia), 50, 69, 71
East Asian Barometer (EAB)
civil society engagement measured by,
124,127-28, 132-33
contacting measured by, 97-99, 101,
127-28, 132-33, 142
contentious politics acts measured by,
97-101, 127, 132-33
political efficacy measured by, 124-25,
127-28, 138, 204-7
political participation measured by,
87-88, 100, 123, 127-30, 132-33,
142, 144
political party-development work
measured by, 97-99» 101, 127,
132-33, 144
political trust measured by, 125, 127,
236, 247-49
predicted probability data from,
131-37
Index
299
East Java gubernatorial elections (2008),
222—23, 231
Easton, David, 234
Egypt, 1, 277
Election Law and the Law on Political
Parties (Russia), 63-64
elections
authoritarian regimes and, 85, 195,
199-200, 216
clientelism in, 115-16, 272-74
democracy and, 2, 7, 43, 195, 254
democratization and, 3, 8, 11, 14, 16—17,
82, 85, 195, 198-99, 216, 225-26,
229-32, 243, 254-61, 263, 268
elite-constraining versus elite-enabling
forms of, 84, 216, 23 1
for Indonesian parliament (1955), 4$
for Indonesian parliament (1971), 49
for Indonesian parliament (1997), 52
for Indonesian parliament (1999), 57,
216, 225, 255
for Indonesian parliament (2004), 72,
216, 248
for Indonesian parliament (2009), 74,
187, 216, 222-23
for Indonesian parliament (2014), 216
for Indonesian presidency (1968), 49
for Indonesian presidency (1998), 52,
56
for Indonesian presidency (1999), 57, 255
for Indonesian presidency (2004), 3, 72,
217, 225—26, 248
for Indonesian presidency (2009), 74, 216
for Indonesian presidency (2014), 216,
274
Indonesians’ attitudes toward, 196,
199-200, 212, 216—17, m-14,
230-31, 254-57, 26i 263 2 $6, 273
political efficacy and, 20, 28, 194—200,
209, 212, 216-32, 266
political trust in, 241, 255-62
for Russian parliament (1993), 59, 205,
216, 251
for Russian parliament (1995), 59, 90-91,
216, 25 1-52
for Russian parliament (1999), 90-92,
2.51-52
for Russian parliament (2003), 62, 90-91,
251-52.
for Russian parliament (2007), 65
for Russian parliament (2011), 65, 275
for Russian presidency (1991), 53-54,
199, 205, 216, 225
for Russian presidency (1996), 59-60,
90-91, 225-26, 228
for Russian presidency (2000), 42, 90-92,
225-26
for Russian presidency (2004), 42, 58,
63, 225-26
for Russian presidency (2008), 65,
225-26
for Russian presidency (2012), 65,
225-26, 275-76
Russians’ attitudes toward, 196-97, 199,
216-21, 224-25, 227-31,254-55,
257-61, 263, 266
in the Soviet Union (1987), 45-46
in the Soviet Union (1989), 46, 89, 216,
218
in the Soviet Union (1990), 53, 89, 251
elite-constraining political participation
in authoritarian countries, 16
civil society engagement and, 2, 18-20,
128, 131, 148-51, 176, 265—67
democratization and, 2, 5, 11, 16-20,
41-42, 78, 82, 86, 118, 138, 215-16,
264-65, 267-68, 277-78
elections and, 17, 74, 84, 86, 114, 216,
23 1, 266, 277
in Indonesia, 5, 17-20, 41, 44, 68-69,
74-78, 86-87, 96-98, io3 108-9,
112-18, 122-23, 126, 13 1, 135,
138-39, 147, 150, 177, 188, 191-92,
194, 212, 215-16, 230-31, 247, 261,
264- 65, 267, 269
political campaign work and, 18, 83-84,
114
political efficacy and, 2, 19-20, 128,
131, 194, 196-97, 212, 215-16, 231,
265- 67
political party—development work and,
18-20, 43, 83-84, 86, 96, 98, 114,
117, 128, 177, 267, 277
political trust and, 2, 19-20, 247, 261,
265, 267
predictions regarding, 130-37
in Russia, 44, 63, 66-67, 106, 117, 119,
128, 13 1, 215, 230, 265, 267, 276
elite-enabling political participation
contacting public officials as, 2, 18, 79,
83-84, 86, 109, 112, 117, 135, 139,
230, 267
300
Index
elite-enabling political participation {cant.)
democratization and, 5,4 *-43,78,83-84,
86, 112, 118, 2.64, 268
elections and, 84, 216, 231
petition signing and, 95, 109
political campaign work and, 84
political efficacy and, 139, 194, 197, 2.66
political party-development work and,
18, 84, 91, 93, 267
in Russia, 5, 18, 21, 41, 67, 78, 83, 86,
93, 106, 109-12, 117—18, 122, 126,
135, 139, 230—31, 264-66, 268-69
elites. See also elite-constraining political
participation; elite-enabling political
participation
in authoritarian regimes, 15-16
democratic institutions and, 8, 15, 17,
21, 63
preservation of political power by,
15-16
resources of, 18, 42
in Russia, 60, 63, 66-67, 78, 86, 106, 194
Equal Rights and Lawfulness (Russian civil
society organization), 164
Family Welfare Groups (PKK; Indonesia),
167-69, 180
Federation Council (Russian parliament’s
upper house), 56, 60-61
Federation of Independent Trade Unions of
Russia (FNPR), 156-57
Fish, M. Steven, 5, 54, 198
Freedom Flouse scores
for civil liberties, 9-10, 58, 67-68, 274
decline in global freedoms measured
by, 1
for Indonesia, 9-10, 67-68, 270, 274
for political rights, 9-10, 58, 67-68, 270
for Russia, 9-10, 58, 67, 270
for the Soviet Union, 5 8
Gazprom, 62
Ghana, 270
Gibson, James L., 88
glasnost* (political opening in the Soviet
Union), 45, 58, 164
Golkar Party (Indonesia)
East Java protests (2001) and, 68
elections for parliament (1971) and, 49
elections for parliament (1997) and, 52
elections for parliament (1999) and, 57
elections for parliament (2004) and, 248
elections for parliament (2009) and, 74
elections for president (1999) and, 57,
* 5 5
elections for president (2009) and, 74
“functional groups” model and, 49-50
New Order era hegemony of, 50—51, 81,
85, 121, 223-24
origins of, 49, 71
public goods provision by, 190
Suharto and, 49, 56, 121, 223
Gorbachev, Mikhail, 45-47
gotong-royong (mutual aid groups in
Indonesia), 169-70, 178, 187, 189
guided democracy
Putin and, 61
Sukarno and,3,48-49
Gus Dur. See Wahid, Abdurrahman
Ffabibie, B.J., 56-57, 255
Hale, Henry, 26n6, 89, 120
House of Representatives (DPR;
Indonesian lower house of parliament)
elections (1997) for, 52
elections (1999) for, 57, 216, 225, 255
elections (2004) f°r, 7Z 2.16, 248
elections (2009) for, 74, 187, 216,
222-23
executive-legislative balance and,
69-71
Indonesian election laws and, 121-22
New Order-era elections to, 50
People’s Consultative Assembly (MPR)
and, 70
political trust in, 142, 144, 146, 238—39,
241, 246-48, 261
Wahid corruption investigations by,
68-69
Howard, Marc, 161
Huntington, Samuel, 1, 8, 198, 225-26
India, 9-10, 155
Indonesia. See also Medan (Indonesia);
New Order; Surabaya (Indonesia)
Aceh conflict in, 72—73
age demographics in, 138
anti-pornography law proposal (2006)
in, 74-75
armed forces in, 50—51, 69, 71
Asian Financial Crisis (1997-98) and,
53, 56
Index
301
attitudes toward elections in, 196,
199-2.00, ¿12, 216-17, 2.21-24,
230—31, 254-57, 261, 263, 266, 273
authoritarian legacy in, 6, 40, 173-74,
176,199
boycotts in, 100
case selection criteria and, 25
charitable giving in, 177, 180-81, 183,
185, 192, 265-66
Chinese ethnic community in, 70
Christians in, 30, 165, 274
civil liberties in, 40, 57, 67, 69-70,
72-74, 271, 274
civil society engagement in, 19, 21, 108,
113, 124, 127-28, 130-40, 147-48,
150-51, 154-57» 164-81, 183, 185-92,
194, 203—4, 212, 215, 240-41, 265—67,
269, 273
colonial era in, 4-5, 40, 47-48
constitutional amendments (1999-2002)
in, 67, 69-70
constitution (1945) of, 67
contacting of public officials in, 85,
96-102, 107-9, 115-16, 127-29,
132-33, 135-37» Mi» I7i» 2.03-4,
215, 238
contentious political behavior in, 41, 51,
74-76, 96-102, 106-8, 112-13, 117»
122, 127-29, 132-33» 13 5-3 7» 139»
147, 151, 172-73, 192, 203, 212-14,
238, 241, 262, 266-67
corruption in, 4-5, 68—69, 270—72
decentralization reforms in, 70-73, 254,
271-73
democratization in, 2-6, 10—11, 21,
24-25, 28, 40-42, 67-78, 85, 96, 100,
102, 113, 118, 121, 151, 171, 191,
207, 225-26, 254,261-64, 267-74,
278
as “deviant case” of democratization,
2-3, 11, 22, 264, 269, 278
direct presidential elections established
(2002) in, 70, 255-56
direct regional elections established
(2001) in, 70, 256-57
educational attainment levels in, 4, 13,
19, ii3nz4, 134, 138, 163, 185
election laws in, 121-22
elections for parliament (1955) in, 48
elections for parliament (1971) in, 49
elections for parliament (1997) in, 52
elections for parliament (1999) in, 57,
216, 225, 255
elections for parliament (2009) in, 74,
187, 216, 222-23
elections for parliament (2014) in, 216
elections for president (1968) in, 49
elections for president {1998) in, 52, 56
elections for president {1999) in, 57,
2-55
elections for president (2004) in, 3, 72,
217, 225-26, 248
elections for president (2009) in, 74, 216
elections for president (2014) in, 216-17
electoral clientelism in, 115-16, 272-74
elite-constraining political participation
in, 5, 17—20, 41, 44» 68-69, 74-78,
86-87, 96-98, 103, 108—9, 112-18,
122-23, 126, 13 1, 135, 138-39, 147,
150, 177, 188, 191-92., 194» ¿12.,
215-16, 230—31, 247, 261, 264-65,
267,269
executive-legislative balance in, 69-71,
73» 77
Freedom House scores for, 9-10, 67—68,
270,274
gender demographics in, 138
geography of, 25
independence from Dutch rule and, 3,
5» 48
International Monetary Fund (IMF) loan
(1997) to, 53
interviews from, 27, 30-3 3, 37-39, 103,
106-8, 113-14, 134, 164-69, 171-73,
175-78, 181, 183, 186-87, 189, 201,
207-8, 213-15, 219, 222-24, 233,
235-39, 241, 257, 272-73
judiciary in, 70, 72-73
keterbukaan (political openness)
campaign (1990s) in, 51, 67, 171
labor laws in, 75
labor unions in, 51, 75, 156
mass killings (1965) in, 3, 49
middle class’ absence from, 12
Muslim-majority status of, 4, 6, 22, 96,
270, 278
natural resource endowment in, 4-5
neighborhood associations in, 167-68,
170, 172, 177, 189, 240, 273
Papua conflict in, 74
petition signing in, 97-100, io8n22,
187, 203, 213
302.
Index
Indonesia (cont.)
political campaign rally attendance in,
96-99, 108, 113-14
political campaign work in, 96-99, 102.,
108,113-14, 127
political efficacy levels in, 20-21, 12.4-2.5,
12.7,130-31, 133, 136-40,142., 144,
146-47,192-, 194-99, 2,01-9, 2.12.-17,
221-26, Z30-3Z, Z66-67, Z69
political party-development work in,
19-zo, 71-72, 96-99, 101—z, 108,
112-15, 117, 121-22, 132.-37, i44,
147, I77, 180, 183, 194, 203, ZTZ-13,
238, z6z, z67
political party membership levels in, 72,
77, 114, 156
political trust levels in, 20-21, 125,
127-28, 130-31, 138-40, 144,
146-47,192., 2.32-33, 235, 237-42,
245-49, 253-57, 261-62, 266-67, 269
price controls in, 13
protests (1974 and 1978) in, 171
protests (1996) in, 52
protests (1998) in, 3, 56, 171, 214
protests (1999) in, 255
protests (2000-2001) in, 68-69
protests (2006) in, 74—75
religious minorities in, 74, 165, 274
religious organizations in, 156-57,
164-67, 171-72, 175, 180, 185-86,
265, 269-70, 273 {See also specific
organiza tions)
religious service attendance levels in, 269
sociability levels in, 148, 159-60, 164,
169,173, 194
social networks in, 176, 189,191-92, 265
socioeconomic development in, 2-4, 13,
19, 22, 28, 123, 181, 184, 278
students and student organizations in,
75, 106-7, 112.-13, 170-73. 187-88,
213
voter turnout in, 199, 221, 266
Indonesian Democratic Party (PDI). See
also Indonesian Democratic Party of
Struggle (PDI-P)
elections for parliament {1997) and, 52
origins of, 5 o, 71
political party-development work by,
121
political restrictions and repression
against, 50, 121
protests at headquarters (1996) of, 52
Sukarnoputri’s leadership of, 5 2
Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle
(PDI-P), 255
in East Java, 115, 183
elections for parliament (1999) and, 57,
2.25,255
elections for parliament (2004) and, 72,
248
elections for parliament (2009) and, 74
elections for president (1999) and, 57,
2*55
elections for president (2009) and, 74
political party-development work by,
I21,183
Sukarnoputri’s leadership of, 57
Indonesian Nationalist Party (PNI), 48
Inglehart, Ronald, 149, 233
Islamic Students Association (HMI), 171
Jokowi (Joko Widodo), 274
Justice Party (PK; Indonesia), 71-72
Kalla, Jusuf, 74
Kaplan, Cynthia, 47
Katznelson, Ira, 11
Kazan (Russia)
attitudes toward elections in, 219-20,
231
case selection criteria and, 25, 29
civil society engagement in, 178
contacting public officials in, 104, 108,
210-12
contentious politics in, in
elections in, 226-28, 230
income inequality in, 162
interviews from, 26-27, 30-31, 35, 39,
103-4, IC 6 hi. 161-62, 164, 178,
188, 208—12, 219-20, 224, 226—28,
230, 237, 242, 258
Muslims in, 29, 35, 39
Orthodox Christians in, 35, 39
petition signing in, 106
political campaign work in, 105
political efficacy levels in, 208-12,
219—20, 224, 226-28, 230
political party-development work and,
188
political trust levels in, 237, 242-44, 258
Russian cultural movement activists in,
164,211-12
Index
303
sociability levels in, 161-62
student organizations in, 164
as Tatarstan’s regional capital, 29
Yabloko Party in, 211
Keio University Research Survey of
Political Society, 26, 202-3, 216, 218
kelurahan (city government unit in
Indonesia), 30, 241
keterbukaan {Indonesian campaign for
political openness, 1990s), 51, 67, 171
Khasbulatov, Ruslan, 55
Khloponin, Aleksandr, 228-29, 25905
Khodorkovsky, Mikhail, 276
Khofifah (gubernatorial candidate in East
Java), 222
Kim,Jae-on, 83, in
Komsomol (Soviet Communist youth
organization), 46, 164, 174
KPK. See Corruption Eradication
Commission (Indonesia)
Krasnoyarsk (Russia)
attitudes toward elections in, 219-21,
224, 231
case selection criteria and, 25, 29
charitable giving in, 182
civil society engagement in, 180-82
contacting public officials in, 104—5,
108- 11, 210-11
elections in, 226, 228—30
interviews from, 27, 31, 36, 39, 103-6,
109- 11, 161-62, 180-81, 188,
208-12, 219-21, 224, 226, 228-30,
237, 242, 258-59
Orthodox Christians in, 36, 39
petition signing in, 106
political efficacy levels in, 208-12,
219—21, 224, 226, 228-30
political party-development work and,
188
political trust levels in, 237, 242-44,
258-59
as regional capital, 29
sociability levels in, 161-62
United Russia Party in, 210
Krasnoyarsk Krai (Russian regional
government)
gubernatorial elections in, 226, 228-31,
^59ns
Krasnoyarsk as capital of, 29
Liberal Democratic Party in, 115,
210-11
political party—development work and,
184
political party membership numbers
from, 115
Putin’s intervention in, 229
Kuznetsov, Lev, 25905
labor unions
civil society engagement and, 60, 153,
156-58, 160
in Indonesia, 51, 75, 156
in Russia, 54-55» 60, 156—58, 160
Lane, Robert, 196, 200
Law on Legislative Elections (Indonesia,
2008), 73
Law on Regional Autonomy (Indonesia,
2004), 72
Lebed, Aleksandr, 228-29
legitimacy, 20, 234, 262-63
Liberal Democratic Party of Russia (LDPR)
in Krasnoyarsk Krai, 115, 210—ri
party development work and, 188
public receptions held by, 210—11
Lipset, Seymour Martin, ri-12
Lubis, Rarnli, 272
Madura Island (Indonesia), 222
Makarkin, Aleksei, 260
marga (Batak ethnic kinship groups),
168—69,215
Masyumi Party (Indonesia), 48, 186021
McFaul, Michael, 198
Medan (Indonesia)
attitudes toward elections in, 219,
222—24, 2 31
Batak ethnic group in, 30, 38-39,
168-69, 173016, 177-78
case selection criteria and, 25, 29-30
civil society engagement in, 167-69» 175,
177-78, 186-87, *$9
contacting public officials in, 107—8
electoral clientelism in, 273
ethnic and religious diversity of, 38,
165117
interviews from, 27, 30-31, 33, 38,
103, 106-8, 113-14, i65n7, 167-69,
173016, 175, 177-78, 186-87, 189,
208, 213-15, 219, 222-24, 237—38,
241,272-73
mayoral corruption scandal (2008) in,
272-73
3°4
Index
Medan (Indonesia) (cant.)
neighborhood organizations in, 168
political campaign work in, 113-14
political efficacy levels in, 208, 213-15,
219, 222-24, 2 31
political trust levels in, 237-38, 240-41
as regional capital, 30
religious organizations in, 167, 177—78,
186-87, 189
Medvedev, Dmitrii, 58, 65, 225, 237
Megawati Sukarnoputri. See Sukarnoputri,
Megawati
Memorial (Russian human rights
organization), 179-81
Michigan Election Studies, 200-201
Minnikhanov, Rustem, 227, 25905
monocracy, 8
Movement of Muslim Students of
Indonesia (PMII), 171-72, 187, 214
MPR. See People’s Consultative Assembly
(Indonesia)
Muhammadiyah (Islamic organization in
Indonesia)
Central Java and, 16709
leadership training and, 186
Masyumi Party and, 187021
membership numbers in, 166
National Mandate Party (PAN) and, 57,
71, 186, 189
sharia law proposal opposed by, 71
social service programs and, 166
volunteer work at, 180
Mujani, Saiful, 96, 98
Naberezhnyi Chelny City Center for
Children’s Creative Works, 190
Nahdlatul Ulama (NU; Islamic
organization in Indonesia)
in East Java, 166-67, 185, 190
leadership training and, 185—86
membership numbers in, 166
National Awakening Party (PKB) and,
57, 71, 186, 189
parliamentary elections (1955) and, 48
sharia law proposal opposed by, 71
social service programs and, 166, 190
United Development Party (PPP) and,
186n2i
volunteer work at, 180
National Awakening Party (PKB;
Indonesia)
East Java and, 115, 186
elections for parliament (1999) and, 57,
225,255
elections for president (1999) and, 57,
255
establishment of, 72
Nahdlatul Uiama and, 57, 71, 186, 189
Wahid as leader of, 57, 186, 255
National Mandate Party (PAN;
Indonesia)
elections for parliament (1999) and, 57
elections for president (1999) and, 255
Muhammadiyah and, 57, 71, 186, 189
origins of, 71
public goods provision by, 190
Rais as leader of, 57, 186, 255
Navalny, Aleksei, 276
neighborhood associations (RT/RW;
Indonesia)
activities organized by, 168, 170
civic skills development and, 187
electoral clientelism and, 273
gutong-rnynng activities and, 170, 187,
189
high rates of participation in, 177
New Order era and, 167-69
political trust in, 240
Nelson, Joan, 16,79
New Order (Indonesia)
armed forces’ role in, 50-51
authoritarian nature of regime in, 3, 6,
49~52 254
civil society organizations in, 167—69,
i74”75
collapse of, 41, 186
contacting of public officials in, 85
elections’ limitations in, 81, 84-85, 199,
216, 256
Family Welfare Groups (PKK) in,
167-68
Freedom House scores in, 67
Golkar Party hegemony during, 50-51,
81, 85, 121, 223-24
ketcrbukaan (Indonesian campaign for
political openness, 1990s) and, 51,
67, 171
limited social pluralism under, 7, 191-92
mass killings (1965) in, 3, 49
media restrictions in, 51-52
neighborhood associations (RT/RW) in,
167-69
Index
305
political participation mobilized in, 6,
80-82, 120-21, 178, 199
political parties in, 49-52, 71, 121
political repression and coercion under,
6-7, 49, 5z
protests {1974 and 1978), 171
protests {1998) leading to downfall of, 3,
56, 171, 198, 214
public opinion data from, 96
student organizations in, 170—71
New Russia Barometer (NRB) survey,
218-19
Nie, Norman, 83, 107-8, 126
Nigeria, 1, 9-10, 88, 269
non-voting political participation. See
under political participation
NTV (Russian television station), 62
Orthodox Christianity, 5, 175, 270
Papua (province of Indonesia), 74
party development work. See political
party-development work
Pateman, Carole, 197
PDI. Sec Indonesian Democratic Party
(PDI)
PDI-P. See Indonesian Democratic Party of
Struggle (PDI-P)
pengajian (Muslim prayer groups in
Indonesia), 165, 167, 185-87, 273
People’s Consultative Assembly (MPR;
Indonesian parliament)
appointed members of, 255
constitutional reforms (r999-2002) and,
69-70
direct presidential elections approved
(2002) by, 70, 256
elections for president (1998) and, 52,
56
elections for president (1999) and, 57,
¿55
House of Representatives deputies as
members of, 70
New Order-era elections for president
by, 50
sharia law proposal rejected by, 71
Wahid corruption investigations and, 68
Wahid removed as president by, 69,
225-26
People’s Democratic Party (Partai Rakyat
Demokratik, PRD), 171
perestroika (liberalization policies in the
Soviet Union), 45, 47, 105
petition signing
in authoritarian regimes, 80, 85
civic skills and, 187
as elite-enabling political participation,
95, 109
in Indonesia, 97-100, io8n22, 187, 203,
213
political efficacy and, 85, 203, 213
political trust and, 244
in Russia, 94-95, 102, 104, 106, 109,
in, 203, 244
Pikalevo (Russia), no
PKB. See National Awakening Party (PKB,
Indonesia )
PMII. See Movement of Muslim Students
of Indonesia (PMII)
Poland, 55, 60, 122
political campaign work. See also political
party—development work
age as factor influencing, 127
civil society engagement’s impact on,
127
education level and, 127, 129
elite-constraining forms of, 18, 83-84,
114
elite-enabling forms of, 84
gender and,127
in Indonesia, 96-99, 102, 108, 113-14,
J27
interview data regarding, 103
lower socioeconomic classes and, 113
political efficacy and, 127
in Russia, 89-92, 104-5, I27
Russians’ attitudes toward, 105-6
political efficacy
authoritarian legacies and, 199—200
in authoritarian regimes, 197
civil society participation and, 21, 130,
136, 139, 149» ¿03“4
contacting public officials and, 104-6,
122, 127, 133, 141-42, 194, 197,
203—4, 208—12, 215, 266
contentious politics and, 127-28, 133,
145-46, 194, 198-99, 203, 212-14,
266
definition of, 20, 196
democratization and, 19-20, 194-200,
205, 231-32, 265, 267, 269
education levels’ impact on, 126
30 6
Index
political efficacy {cant.)
elections and, 20, 28, 194-200, 209,
212, 216-32, 266
elite-constraining political participation
and, 2, 19-20, 128, 131, 194, 196-97,
212, 215-16, 231, 265-67
elite-enabling political behavior and,
139, 194, 197, 266
external versus internal dimensions of,
196, 200-201, 208
in Indonesia, 20-21, 124-25, 127,
130-31,133,136-40,142,144,
146-47, 192, 194-99, 201-9, 212-17,
221—26, 230—32, 266-67, 269
measures of, 124-25, 138, 200-208
political campaign work and, 127
political participation and, 21, 24, 28,
118, 125, 127-31, 137, 139-40, 147,
194-202, 205-7, 2.15» ^3i-32-î 2.38»
265- 67
political party-development work and,
128, 133, 136-37, 143-44, i94, 2.03,
209, 212-13
political trust and, 130, 139
protests and, 85, 195, 198-99, 212-15
in Russia, 20-21, 124, 127, 130-31,
T33» 13 6—41, 143, 145, 147, 192-,
194-99, 2.01-12, 216-21, 224—31,
266- 67, 2*69
in the Soviet Union, 204-5, 209
subjective competence and, 196, 200
voter turnout and, 199
political liberalization. See
democratization
political participation. See also specific
participatory acts
activities excluded from category of, 80
in advanced democracies, 16, 79
age as factor influencing, 125-27, 129,
138
in authoritarian regimes, 16
authoritarian regimes’ legacies and, 21,
119-22
boycotts and, 47, 63, 94-95, 100
civic skills and, 185-87, 215
civil society engagement and, 2, 18-21,
24, 118, 125, 127-31, 135-37»
139-40, 147-53» 172-, 176, 191»
238, 265, 267
constraints on, 119—23
“covert” forms of, in
education levels’ impact on levels of,
123,125-26, 134
elite-constraining forms of, 2, 5, 11,
16-20, 41-44, 63, 66-69, 74-78, 82-
84, 86-87, 96-98, 103, 106, 108-9,
m-19, 122-23, 126, 128, 130-39,
147-51, 176-77» 188, 191-92» 194»
196-97» 212, 215-16, 230-31, 247,
261, 264-69, 277-78
elite-enabling forms of, 2, 5, 18, 21, 41,
67» 78-79» 83-84, 86, 91, 93, 95, 106
109-12, 117-18, 122, 126, 135, 139,
194» 197» 216, 230-31, 264-69
gender as a factor influencing, 125-27,
129, 134
income levels’ impact on, 123
Indonesians’ patterns of, 2, 79, 96-99,
101—3, 106-8, 117-22, 126-47
interview data and, 103
isolated versus repeated forms of, 104-6
113,116
measurements of, 87-90
media commentaries and, 83
“mobilized” forms of, 6, 80-82, 94,
119-22, 158, 178, 199
Nelson’s definition of, 16, 79
non-voting dimensions of, 16
political campaign contributions and,
18
political efficacy and, 21, 24, 28, 118,
125, 127-31, 137, 139-40, 147»
194-202, 205-7, 215, 231-32, 238,
265-67
political trust and, 2, 19-21, 24, 28, 118
125, 128-31, 139-40» 147» 2-32.» 234»
237, 241, 244-45, 247, 2.61» 265, 267
Russians’ patterns of, 2, 79, 88, 90-93,
101-2, 104-5, 117-20, 122, 126-47
social networks’ role in mobilizing, 189,
265
in the Soviet Union, 6, 80-82, 94,
119-20, 122, 158, 199
time required for, 16
political party—development work
age as a factor influencing, 143-44
civic skills development and, 188
civil society engagement’s impact on, 19,
128, 132-34, 136-37»143-44
dues payments and, 183-84
education levels’ impact on, 106, 129,
132, 134, 144
índex
3°7
elite-constraining forms of, 18-20, 43,
83-84, 86, 96, 98, 114, 117, 128, 177,
267,277
elite-enabling forms of, 18, 84, 91, 93,
267
gender as a factor influencing, 132, 134,
143-44
in Indonesia, 19-20, 71-72, 96-99,
101—2, 108, 112—15, 117, 121-22,
i32.-37 144, 147, 177, 180, 183, 194,
203,212-13, 238, 262, 267
interview data regarding, 103
political efficacy and, 128, 133, 136-37,
143-44, 194, 2.03, 209, 212-13
political trust and, 127, 143-44, ¿38,
262
in Russia, 59, 64, 67, 76, 89-93, 101-2,
105-6, X15, 119-20, 122, 132-33,
135-37, 139, 143, T77, 180, 184, 188,
191-92, 194, 203, 238, 267
Russians’ attitudes toward, 105-6
political trust
civil society engagement and, 21, 130,
240—41
contacting public officials and, 127-28,
139, 141-42.
contentious politics and, 127-28, 139,
145-46, 238, 240, 262
definition of, 233
democracy and, 233—34
democratization and, 19—20, 28,
232—36, 261—62, 265—67, 269
education levels’ impact on, 126
in elections, 241, 255-62
elite-constraining political participation
and, 2, 19-20, 247, 261, 265, 267
evaluations of individuals’ political
performance and, 235—36, z^9~40,
¿43, ¿45, 2.48, 253, 261
evaluations of political leaders affected
by, 2 32
global averages in, 246-47
in Indonesia, 20—21, 125, 127—28,
130-31, 138-40, 144, 146-47, 192,
232-33, 235, 237-42, 245-49, 2.53-57,
261—62, 266—67, 269
measures of, 125, 236
political efficacy and, 130, 139
in political institutions, 20-21, 139,
I4I_46, 232, 236-50, 252-53, 261,
266—67
political participation and, 2, 19-21, 24,
28, 118, 125, 128-31, 139-40, 147,
232, 234, 237, 241, 244-45, 247, 261,
265,267
in political parties, 239-40, 246, 249-50
regime-incumbent distinctions and,
*34-37
in Russia, 20—21, 125, 127-28, 130-31,
138-40, 143, 145, 147, 192, 232-33,
*35» *37-38, 242-47, 249-54,
257-62, 266-67, 269
in the Soviet Union, 249
in specific politicians, 20, 128, 139,
141-46, 232, 236-39, 242-45, 248,
250-51, 253-54, 257-62, 266-67
polyarchy, 7
PPIM. See Center for the Study of Islam
and Society
PPP. See United Development Party (PPP)
Prabowo. See Subianto, Prabowo
Prosperous Justice Party (PKS; Indonesia),
115, 180, 190
protests. See also contentious politics
Arab Spring (2011) and, 277
elite-constraining nature of, 20, 79, 86
in Indonesia (1974 and 1978), 171
in Indonesia {1996), 52
in Indonesia (1998), 3, 56, 171, 198, 214
in Indonesia (1999), 255
in Indonesia (2000—2001), 68—69
in Indonesia (2006), 74-75
Indonesians’ attitudes toward, 203,
214-15
Indonesian students and, 75, 106-7,
112—13, 172-73
in New Order Indonesia, 51
political efficacy and, 85, 195, 198-99,
212-15
in Russia {2001), 62
in Russia {2005), 66, 105
in Russia (2008), 66
in Russia (2009), no
in Russia (2011—12), 65-66, 224,
275-76
Russians’ attitudes toward, 105, 203
in the Soviet Union (1990), 47, 198
Public Chamber (Russia), 182-83
Pussy Riot (artist collective in Russia), 276
Putin, Vladimir
administrative resources of, 64—65
annual call-in show of, no, 275
3o8
Index
Putin, Vladimir (cont.)
anti-LGBT legislation and, 66, 276
Beslan school massacre (2004) and, 63,
257
centralization reforms (2000s) of,
61-62
civil liberties restricted under, 20, 58, 61,
65, 86, 267, 276
elections for governors canceled (2004)
by, 15, 42, 63, 227, 258-61
elections for president (2000) and, 42,
225
elections for president (2004) and, 42,
58, 63, 225
elections for president (2012) and, 65,
275-76
“guided democracy” and, 61
Krasnoyarsk Krai elections (2003) and,
229
media restricted under, 15, 62, 66, 276
Pikalevo protests and, no
political freedoms restricted under, 15,
17, 20, 58, 61, 66, 76, 86, 122,
253-55, 2.57-62, 266-68, 276
political trust in, 236-37, 242-43,
2*53-55 2.57-62., 2.66-67
popularity of, 86, 2.53, 267
presidential ascension (2000) of, 61, 76
as prime minister (1999-2000), 61
as prime minister (2008-12), 65, no
protests (2011-12) and, 275-76
social contact established by, 260
United Russia Party and, 210
Putnam, Robert, 149
PWS. See Association of Residents of the
Surabaya Strenkali
Rais, Amien, 57, 186, 255
Regional Representatives Council (DPD;
Indonesia), 70
Roeder, Philip, 81, in
Rose, Richard, 161
RT/RW. See neighborhood associations
(Indonesia)
Russia. See also Kazan (Russia);
Krasnoyarsk (Russia); Soviet Union
age demographics in, 138
anti-LGBT legislation in, 66, 276
attitudes toward elections in, 196-97,
199, 2l6-2I, 224-25, 227-3 *9
z54~55, 2-57-61, 263, 266
authoritarian backsliding in, 2-3, 7,
10-11,41, 58, 61-67, 76,78, 86, 137,
159, *97, 2.19, 2.36, 253-54, 261, 264,
270, 275-76, 278
boycotts in, 63, 94-95
case selection criteria and, 25
charitable giving in, 177, 182-84, 189,
266
civil liberties in, 20, 40, 58, 61, 65, 67,
76, 86, 158-59, 181-82, 204-5, 2.67,
276
civil society engagement in, 19, 21, 60,
86, 124, 127-28, 131-40, 147-48,
151, 154-64, 173, 175-83, 188-92,
194, 203-4, 2.65-67, 269
Communist legacy in, 6-7, 40, 44,
119-22, 163, 173-75, 184, *99, 2.70
constitutional crisis {1993) in, 55, 58,
60, 242, 251
constitution (1993) of, 55—56, 59-60,
*5*
contacting of public officials in, 89,
92-93, 101—2, 104—11, 117, 120,
122, 127-29, 132-36, 139,141, 192,
194, 197, 203-4, 208-12, 230, 238,
266-67
contentious politics in, 67, 76, 93-95,
101-2, 104-5, 107, ***, I2 7 *3Z~33,
135-37, 145, *94, 2.03, 238, 275, 278
corruption in, 4-5, 271
democratization in, 2-7, 10-11, 21,
24-25, 28, 40-42., 54, 58-63, 76, 78,
85,93, *°2, 118, 151, 164, 175-76,
191-92, 205, 207, 225-26, 229, 243,
251, 2.53-54, 261-64, 2.68-70, 2,74-78
as “deviant case” of democratization,
2—3, 11, 22, 264, 269, 278
economic crisis (1998) in, 61
educational attainment levels in, 4, 13,
138, 163, 185
election fraud in, 65, 224, 275
elections for governors canceled (2004)
in, 15, 42, 63, 227, 254, 257-62
elections for parliament (1993) m, 59,
205, 216, 251
elections for parliament (1995) in, 59,
90-91, 216, 251-52
elections for parliament (1999) in, 57,
216, 225, 255
elections for parliament (2003) in, 62,
90-91,251-52
Index
309
elections for parliament (2,007) in? 65
elections for parliament (2,011) in, 65,
275
elections for president (1991) in, 53-54,
199, 205, 216, 225
elections for president (1996) in, 59-60,
90—91, 225—26, 228
elections for president (2000) in, 42,
90-92, 225—26
elections for president (2004) in, 42, 58,
63, 225—26
elections for president (2008) in, 65,
225—26
elections for president (2012) in, 65,
225-26, 275-76
elite-constraining political participation
in, 44, 63, 66-67, iq6, 117, 119, 12.8,
131, 215, 230, 265, 267, 276
elite-enabling political participation in,
5, 18, 21, 41, 67, 78, 83, 86, 93, 106,
109-12, 117—18, 122, 126, 135, 139,
230-31, 264-66, 268-69
elites in, 60, 63, 66-67, 78, 86, 106, 194
Freedom House scores for, 9-10, 58, 67,
270
gender demographics in, 138
geography of, 22, 25
income inequality in, 162
interviews from, 26-27, 30-32, 35~3^
39, 103—6, 109-11, 160-64, 17°y
173-76, 178-81, 188, 198, 201,
207-12, 219-21, 224, 226-30, 233,
235-38, 242, 258-60
judicial system in, 243-44
labor unions in, 54-55, 60, 156-58, r6o
media restrictions in, 15, 62, 66, 262,
276
middle class’s absence from, 12-13
Muslims in, 29, 35, 39, 163
NGO registration laws in, 65, 181-82,
276
oil and gas resources in, 4—5, 22, 278
oligarchs in, 13
Orthodox Christianity in, 175, 270
petition signing in, 94-95, 102, 104,
106, 109, in, 203, 244
political campaign contributions in, 90
political campaign rally attendance in,
90-91
political campaign work in, 89-92,
104-5, 12 7
political efficacy levels in, 20-21, 124,
127, 130-31, 133, 136-41, 143, 145,
147, 192,194-99, 201—12, 216-21,
224—31, 266—67, 2-69
political freedoms restricted in, 15, 17,
20, 58, 61, 66-67, 86, 122, 253-55,
257—62, 266—68, 276
political party-development work in, 59,
64, 67, 76, 89-93, 101-2, 105-6, 115,
119-20, 122, 132-33, 135-37, i39,
143, 177, 180, 184, 188, 191-92., 194,
203,238, 267
political party membership levels in, 72,
77, 1T4, 156
political trust levels in, 20—21, 125,
127-28, 130-31, 138-40, 143, 145,
147, 192, 232-33, 235, 237-38,
242-47, 249-54, 257-62, 266-67, 269
privatization and market reform in, 13
protests (2001) in, 62
protests (2005) in, 66, 105
protests (2008) in, 66
protests {2009) in, no
protests (2011-12) in, 65—66, 224,
275-76
religious organizations in, 156-57,
162-63, 175, 179, 269-70
religious service attendance levels in,
163, 269
sociability levels in, 148, 159-62, 173,
190-92
social networks in, 176, 189-90, 192
socioeconomic development in, 2, 4, 13,
22, 28, 123, 181, 184, 278
student organizations in, 163-64
violence against ethnic minorities in, 66
voter turnout in, 199, 221, 266
Russian Election Study (RES)
civil society engagement measured by,
124, 127, 132-33
contacting measured by, 89, 92-93, 101,
127, 132-33, 141
contentious politics measured by, 94,
101, 127, 132--33? 145
political campaign work measured by,
89-91,93* I27 i43
political efficacy measured by, 124,
127-28, 138, 204-7, 217-18
political participation measured by,
87-91, 100, 102, 123, 127-30, 141,
143?I45
3i°
Index
Russian Election Study (RES) {cant.)
political party-development work
measured by, 89, 101, 132-33, 143
political trust measured by, 125, 12.7,
236, 249-53
predicted probability data
from, 131-37
Rustow, Dank wart, 11
Rutskoi, Aleksandr, 55
Ryzhkov, Nikolai, 54
SBY. Sec Yudhoyono, Susilo Bambang
Schlozman, Kay
civic skills defined by, 185
civic voluntarism model and, 147,
150-51, 177, 189
on measures of political efficacy, 200
on resources for political participation,
177
Serikat Pekerja Seluruh Indonesia (SPSI;
labor union), 5 1
serikat tolong-menolong (STM; mutual aid
groups), 168
Shaimiev, Mintimer, 227, 243, 25905
sociability levels. See alsa social networks
civil society engagement and, 147, 153,
173
in Indonesia, 148, 159-60, 164, 169,
i73 194
in Russia, 148, 159-62, 173, 190-92
in the Soviet Union, 162
Tocqueville on, 153
World Values Survey data on, 159-60
social capital, 153-54
social networks. See alsa sociability levels
civil society engagement and, 19, 113,
15 1, 154, 172-73, 176, 190-92
education’s impact on developing, 170,
172-73
elite-constraining political behavior and,
147
in Indonesia, 176, 189, 191-92, 265
political participation fostered by, 189,
265
in Russia, 176, 189-90, 192
Soekarwo (gubernatorial candidate in East
Java), 222
Soldiers’ Mothers. See Union of the
Committees of Soldiers’ Mothers of
Russia
Solidarity movement (Poland), 55, 60
Soviet Union
Afghanistan War veterans in, 110
associational life in, 89, 158-59, 164,
170, 174-75
atheism doctrine in, 44, 163, 174—75, 270
authoritarian nature of regime in, 44-45,
254
collapse (1991) of, 3, 41, 47, 54-55.
158-59, 163-64, 174, 198
command economy in, 12—13
Communist Party’s political monopoly
in, 3, 44-45. 47. 60, 89, 121, 204,
249, 251
contacting public officials in, 81, 85,
88-89,93, 109-10, 120
coup attempt (1991) in, 54, 84
democratization in, 45-46
elections for Congress of People’s
Deputies (1989) in, 46, 89, 216, 218
elections for local soviets (1987) in,
45-46
elections for regional parliaments (1990)
in, 53, 89, 251
elections’ limitations in, 44, 81, 84, 89,
199, 216, 227
Freedom House scores for, 58
glasnost* (political opening) in, 45, 58,
164
“informal” (neformaly) groups in, 46—47
perestroika (economic liberalization) in,
45,47, 105
political efficacy in, 204-5, 2°9
political participation mobilized in, 6,
80-82, 94, 119-20, 122, 158, 199
political repression and coercion in, 6-7,
45
political trust in, 249
protests (1990) in, 47, 198
“public organizations” in, 89
sociability levels in, 162
Union Treaty and, 53-54
Stalin, Josef, 45
State Duma (Russian parliament lower
house)
constitutional crisis (1993) and, 58, 60,
242, 251
constitution (1993) and, 56
elections (1995) f°r. 59. 90—91, 216,
25i-52
elections (1999) for, 90
elections (2003) for, 62, 90-91
Index
311
elections (2011) for, 65, 275
executive-legislative balance and, 62-63
political trust in, 242, 246-47, 249-50,
261
Putin’s control over, 61-62, 253
single-member districts in, 5603, 63
Stoner-Weiss, Kathryn, 184
Strenkali riverbank community
(Surabaya), 179, 181, 187-88. See
also Association of Residents of the
Surabaya Strenkali
students in Indonesia
anti-New Order demonstrations (1998)
and,171-72
civic skills and, 187—88
as main force for contentious politics in
Indonesia, 75, 106-7, 112-13, 172-73
Muslim student organizations and,
171-72
New Order era and, 170-71
People’s Democratic Party and, 171
political efficacy and, 2x3
subbotnik (neighborhood clean-up groups
in the Soviet Union), 81, 170
Subianto, Prabowo, 262, 274
subjective competence (Almond and
Verba), i^6y 2.00
Suharto
armed forces and, 50-51
coup and mass killings (1965) under,
3* 49
elections for president (1968) and, 49
elections for president (1998) and, 52,
56
Golkar Party and, 49, 56, 121, 223
International Monetary Fund (IMF)
and, 53
Islamic leaders and, 51, 56
kcterbukaan (political openness)
campaign and, 51, 67
limited social pluralism under, 7
New Order regime and, 3, 6—7, 49-52,
71, 85, 167, 169, 174, 178, 254
political repression under, 6—7, 49-50,
52
protests leading to downfall (1998) of, 3,
56, 171, 198, 214
student opposition to, 51, 56
Sukarno
ascension to presidency by, 48
authoritarianism of, 49—50
Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI)
and, 49
coup (1965) against, 3,49
“guided democracy” and, 3, 48-49
Indonesian Nationalist Party (PNI) and, 48
Sukarnoputri, Megawati
Chinese New Year established as holiday
by, 70
Corruption Eradication Commission
and, 271
decentralization reforms and, 71
elections for parliament (1997) and, 52
elections for president (1998) and, 52
elections for president (1999) and, 57, 255
elections for president (2004) and, 72,
225-26, 248
elections for president (2009) and, 74
Indonesian Democratic Party (PDI) and,
52
Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle
(PDI-P) and, 57
political trust in, 238-40, 257, 262
presidential ascension (2001) of, 69, 225
Supreme Soviet (Soviet Russia’s regional
parliament), 53, 55
Surabaya (Indonesia)
attitudes toward elections in, 219,
222—24, 231
case selection criteria and, 25, 29-30
civil society engagement in, 166—69,
171-72, 175, 178-79, 181, 185,
187-89
contacting public officials in, 107-8, 215
contentious politics in, 213
East Java gubernatorial elections (2008)
and, 222-23, 231
electoral ciientelism in, 273
interviews from, 27, 30-31, 33, 37, 39,
103, 106-8, 113-14, 166—68, 171-72,
175, 178, 181, 213-15, 219, 222-24,
237-39, 273
neighborhood organizations in, 168
political campaign work in, 113-14
political efficacy levels in, 213-15, 219,
222-24, 231
political trust levels in, 237—41
as regional capital, 29
religious organizations in, 166-67, 172,
185
Strenkali riverbank community in, 179,
181, 187—88
312.
Index
Survey of Soviet Values (SSV)
contacting of public officials measured
by, 93 ioi, 109
political efficacy measured in, 2.04-5,
2.18-19
political participation measured through,
87-88, 100
Tarrow, Sidney, 23-24
Tatarstan region (Russia)
civil society organizations and, 164
Communist Party of Russia in, 105,
114-15
gubernatorial elections in, 226-28, 230,
2-59*5
Kazan as capital of, 29
political party-development work in,
184
Shamiev as governor of, 227
United Russia Party in, 190
Tocqueville, Alexis de, 24, 147-49, 153-54
Tolokonsky, Viktor, 25905
Tudjman, Franjo, 62
Tunisia, 277
Union of the Committees of Soldiers’
Mothers of Russia, 179-81
Union Treaty (Soviet Union), 53-54
United Development Party (PPP; Indonesia)
elections for parliament (1997) and, 52
elections for parliament (1999) and, 57
Islam and, 49
Nahdlatul Ulama and, i86n2i
origins of, 50, 71
political party-development work by,
121
political restrictions and repression
against, 51, 121
United Russia Party
administrative resources of, 64—65, 184
elections for parliament (2003) and, 62
elections for parliament (2007) and, 65
elections for parliament {2011) and, 65
hegemony of, 63-64, 191, 224
in Krasnoyarsk, 210
party-development work and, 91, 115,
184, 188, 191
political trust and, 243
public receptions of, 2x0
social service provision by, 190
Uss, Aleksandr, 228
Verba, Sidney
on civic culture, 233
civic skills defined by, 185
civic voluntarism model and, 147,
150-51, 177, 189
on “high-pressure” versus “low-
pressure” political participation, 83
on measures of political efficacy, 200
on particularized versus social
contacting, 107-8, in
on resources for political participation,
177
on subjective competence, 196, 200
on variables influencing political
participation, 126
Voice and Equality (Verba, Schlozman,
Brady), 147, 150, 200
voting. See elections
Wahid, Abdurrahman (“Gus Dur”)
Chinese religious legislation and, 70
corruption charges against, 68-69
election to presidency (1999) of, 57, 225,
2.55
National Awakening Party (PKB) and,
57, 186, 255
political trust in, 239—40
protests against and for (2000-2001),
68-69
removal from presidency (2001) of, 69,
225-26, 256
Wolfowitz, Paul, 51
World Values Survey (WVS)
civil society engagement measured in,
154-59, 163
contentious political participation
measured in, 93-95, 99-100
political participation measured through,
87-88
political party membership levels
measured in, 114, 156
political trust measured in, 236,
2.45-53
religious service attendance in, 269
sociability measured by, 159-60
Yabloko Party (Russia), 211
Yashin, Il’ya, 105
Yeltsin, Boris
Congress of People’s Deputies election
(1989) and, 46
Index
3 13
constitutional crisis (1993) and, 55? 58,
60, 2.42., 251
coup plot (1991) thwarted by, 54, 84
elections for parliament (1993) and, 59
financial crisis (1998) and, 61
political freedoms under, 58
political party affiliation shunned by,
120
political trust in, 242-43, 250-51, 253
popularity ratings of, 59, 243, 260
resignation of, 61, 9109
Russian parliament’s relations with, 55,
60-61
Russian presidential elections (1991)
and, 53-54? *99, ¿05, 225
Russian presidential elections (1996)
and, 59-60, 225
Russian Supreme Soviet elections (1990)
and, 53
Yogyakarta (Indonesia), 27, 115, 190
Young Pioneers (Soviet Union scouting
organization), 188
Youth Oath (Indonesia, 1928)548
Yudhoyono, Susilo Bambang (“SBY”)
Corruption Eradication Commission
and,271
elections for president (2004) and, 72,
226, 248
elections for president (2009) and, 74
labor laws controversy and, 75
political trust in, 237-40, 253-54, 257,
262
popularity of, 257
zakat (Islamic tradition of almsgiving),
185
Zubov, Valerii, 228
Zyuganov, Gennady, 60
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Lussier, Danielle N. |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1119262461 |
| author_facet | Lussier, Danielle N. |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Lussier, Danielle N. |
| author_variant | d n l dn dnl |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV043985112 |
| callnumber-first | J - Political Science |
| callnumber-label | JF799 |
| callnumber-raw | JF799 |
| callnumber-search | JF799 |
| callnumber-sort | JF 3799 |
| callnumber-subject | JF - Public Administration |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)975007585 (DE-599)BVBBV043985112 |
| dewey-full | 323/.0420947 |
| dewey-hundreds | 300 - Social sciences |
| dewey-ones | 323 - Civil and political rights |
| dewey-raw | 323/.0420947 |
| dewey-search | 323/.0420947 |
| dewey-sort | 3323 6420947 |
| dewey-tens | 320 - Political science (Politics and government) |
| discipline | Politologie |
| era | Geschichte 1992- gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1992- |
| format | Book |
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| genre_facet | Hochschulschrift |
| geographic | Indonesien (DE-588)4026761-1 gnd Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Indonesien Russland |
| id | DE-604.BV043985112 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T07:40:23Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781107084377 |
| language | English |
| lccn | 016023869 |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-029393436 |
| oclc_num | 975007585 |
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| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | xvii, 313 Seiten Illustrationen |
| publishDate | 2016 |
| publishDateSearch | 2016 |
| publishDateSort | 2016 |
| publisher | Cambridge University Press |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Lussier, Danielle N. (DE-588)1119262461 aut Constraining elites in Russia and Indonesia political participation and regime survival Danielle N. Lussier, Grinnell College Cambridge Cambridge University Press 2016 xvii, 313 Seiten Illustrationen txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Includes bibliographical references and index ; revised dissertation Geschichte 1992- gnd rswk-swf Political participation Russia (Federation) Political participation Indonesia Democracy Russia (Federation) Democracy Indonesia Elite (Social sciences) Russia (Federation) Political activity Elite (Social sciences) Indonesia Political activity Politische Beteiligung (DE-588)4076215-4 gnd rswk-swf Demokratisierung (DE-588)4124941-0 gnd rswk-swf Elite (DE-588)4014457-4 gnd rswk-swf Indonesien (DE-588)4026761-1 gnd rswk-swf Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 g Indonesien (DE-588)4026761-1 g Elite (DE-588)4014457-4 s Politische Beteiligung (DE-588)4076215-4 s Demokratisierung (DE-588)4124941-0 s Geschichte 1992- z DE-604 LoC Fremddatenuebernahme application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029393436&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029393436&sequence=000005&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029393436&sequence=000006&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Lussier, Danielle N. Constraining elites in Russia and Indonesia political participation and regime survival Political participation Russia (Federation) Political participation Indonesia Democracy Russia (Federation) Democracy Indonesia Elite (Social sciences) Russia (Federation) Political activity Elite (Social sciences) Indonesia Political activity Politische Beteiligung (DE-588)4076215-4 gnd Demokratisierung (DE-588)4124941-0 gnd Elite (DE-588)4014457-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4076215-4 (DE-588)4124941-0 (DE-588)4014457-4 (DE-588)4026761-1 (DE-588)4076899-5 (DE-588)4113937-9 |
| title | Constraining elites in Russia and Indonesia political participation and regime survival |
| title_auth | Constraining elites in Russia and Indonesia political participation and regime survival |
| title_exact_search | Constraining elites in Russia and Indonesia political participation and regime survival |
| title_full | Constraining elites in Russia and Indonesia political participation and regime survival Danielle N. Lussier, Grinnell College |
| title_fullStr | Constraining elites in Russia and Indonesia political participation and regime survival Danielle N. Lussier, Grinnell College |
| title_full_unstemmed | Constraining elites in Russia and Indonesia political participation and regime survival Danielle N. Lussier, Grinnell College |
| title_short | Constraining elites in Russia and Indonesia |
| title_sort | constraining elites in russia and indonesia political participation and regime survival |
| title_sub | political participation and regime survival |
| topic | Political participation Russia (Federation) Political participation Indonesia Democracy Russia (Federation) Democracy Indonesia Elite (Social sciences) Russia (Federation) Political activity Elite (Social sciences) Indonesia Political activity Politische Beteiligung (DE-588)4076215-4 gnd Demokratisierung (DE-588)4124941-0 gnd Elite (DE-588)4014457-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Political participation Russia (Federation) Political participation Indonesia Democracy Russia (Federation) Democracy Indonesia Elite (Social sciences) Russia (Federation) Political activity Elite (Social sciences) Indonesia Political activity Politische Beteiligung Demokratisierung Elite Indonesien Russland Hochschulschrift |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029393436&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029393436&sequence=000005&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029393436&sequence=000006&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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