Mauricii Strategicon: praktyczny podręcznik wojskowy i dzieło antykwaryczne
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Polish |
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Poznań
Instytut Historii UAM
2015
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| Schriftenreihe: | Labarum
13 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Literaturverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | 263 Seiten Illustrationen 24cm |
| ISBN: | 9788363047832 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804176895148818432 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Spis treści Wstęp...................................................................................................................................... Cele i metodyka pracy........................................................................................................ Stan badań........................................................................................................................... Strategikon jako tekst źródłowy......................................................................................... Struktura armii rzymskiej na przykładzie Strategikonu..................................................... Struktura jednostek jazdy................................................................................................... Struktura jednostek piechoty............................................................................................. Uzbrojenie i wyszkolenie indywidualnych żołnierzy........................................................ Wyposażenie żołnierza jazdy............................................................................................. Wyposażenie piechura........................................................................................................ Rynsztunek ciężkiego piechura...................................................................................... Rynsztunek lekkiego piechura....................................................................................... Taktyka armii rzymskiej końca VI wieku............................................................................. Taktyka jazdy
(bandon)...................................................................................................... Taktyka jazdy (moira, meros)............................................................................................. Taktyka jazdy rzymskiej (armia)......................................................................................... Zadania hyperkerastes oraz plagiofilakses....................................................................... Taktyka rzymskiej piechoty................................................................................................... Uszykowanie piechoty przeciwko wrogiej jeździe............................................................ Współdziałanie piechoty i jazdy......................................................................................... Wnioski............................................................................................................................ Analiza kampanii 586 roku w świetle Strategikonu....................................................... Wstęp do kampanii.............................................................................................................. Rzymski obóz u stóp góry Izala..................................................................................... Przygotowania do starcia, rzymski zwiad.................................................................... Przygotowania do bitwy................................................................................................ Ustawienie obu armii przed
bitwą................................................................................. Praktyczne zastosowanie zdolności oratorskich........................................................... Motywy religijne w dniu starcia..................................................................................... Pozycja dowódcy w szyku armii................................................................................... Bitwa................................................................................................................................... Analiza taktyki rzymskiej (w świetle Strategikonu)........................................................... Po bitwie............................................................................................................................. Wnioski............................................................................................................................... Analiza taktyki rzymskiej w wybranych bitwach............................................................... Oblężenie Adrianopola..................................................................................................... Bitwa pod Kolchidą (?)....................................................................................................... Wnioski................................................................................................................................ 9 12 13 16 19 23 30 34 35 39 40 43 44 46 53 56 60 65 66 69 74 76 80 83 87 90 92 95 99 99 100 104 110 112 113 113 115 119
Rzymska dyscyplina wojskowa w świetle Strategikonu................................................ Niesubordynacja na najniższych szczeblach dowodzenia i hierarchia wojskowa....... Niesubordynacja względem najwyższych przełożonych.............................................. Procedura apelacji od niesprawiedliwych decyzji przełożonych................................. Świadoma niesubordynacja a złe przekazanie rozkazu................................................ Dezercja w trakcie trwania przepustki.......................................................................... Dezercja do wroga (zdrada).......................................................................................... Przepisy dotyczące wydawania przepustek skierowane do dowódców...................... Ucieczka z pola bitwy...................................................................................................... Chaotyczny odwrót po porażce..................................................................................... Kary za bunt wojskowy.................................................................................................. Opuszczenie stanowiska przez żołnierzy...................................................................... Opuszczenie powierzonego stanowiska przez dowódców.......................................... Kradzież.......................................................................................................................... Postępowanie wobec ludności cywilnej........................................................................ Uszkodzenie
broni w trakcie trwania przepustki......................................................... Porzucenie broni w trakcie walki................................................................................... Kodeks walki................................................................................................................... Rola sztandaru na polu bitwy........................................................................................ Wnioski............................................................................................................................ Strategikon a Leges Militares......................................................................................... 121 129 130 132 133 134 138 139 141 142 143 145 146 147 148 150 150 152 154 156 159 Dygresja historyczna w księdze XIIB a dzieło Eliana Taktyka....................................... 162 Epitoma rei militaris Wegecjusza a Strategikon............................................................... Taktyka armii................................................................................................................... Regulae Belorum Generales a γνωμικά.............................................................................. 167 168 178 Przemiany w wojskowości rzymskiej w świetlne Περί Στρατηγικής i Strategikonu . Formacja jazdy rzymskiej............................................................................................... Uszykowanie armii do bitwy......................................................................................... Sposoby prawidłowego
prowadzenia pościgu............................................................... Wnioski........................... 190 193 195 198 202 Antykwaryczny charakter X księgi Strategikonu............................................................. Zapasy i ludność cywilna............................................................................................... Zapobieganie machinom miotającym pociski............................................................... Przeciwdziałanie taranom.............................................................................................. Radzenie sobie z wieżami oblężniczymi........................................................................ Konstrukq a wież znajdujących się na blankach........................................................... Zachowanie odwodu w trakcie oblężenia....................................................................... Rola cywilów w obronie obleganego miasta................................................................. Ochrona miejskich bram................................................................................................ Wycieczki obrońców przeciwko oblegającym............................................................... Rola zewnętrznego muru................................................................................................ Woda pitna.......................................................................................................................
Warty................................................................................................................................ Straże nad zapasami........................................................................................................ Wnioski............................................................................................................................ 203 205 210 212 216 220 222 224 225 226 227 228 230 231 231 Próba nowej datacji X księgi Strategikonu...................................................................... 236 Zakończenie...................................................................................................................... 247 Bibliografia........................................................................................................................ Źródła i przekłady......................................................................................................... Opracowania.................................................................................................................. 251 251 253 Summary........................................................................................................................... 252
Bibliografia Źródła i przekłady Agathias Scholasticus Agathiae Myrinaei Historiarum libri quinqué, red. R. Keydell, Berolini 1967. Aeneas Tacticus Eneas el Táctico, Poliorcética. Polieno, Estratagemas , redv tl. V. Tejada, M. García, Madrid 1991. Eneasz Taktyk, Obrona oblężonego miasta, tł. B. Burliga, Warszawa 2007. Aeneas Tacticus, Asclepiodotus, Onasander with an english translation by members of the Illinois Greek Club, red., tł. W. Oldfather, A. Pease, London 1923. La Guerre: trois tacticiens grecs: Énéé, Asclépiodote, Onasandre, tł. O. Battistini, Paris 1994. Ammianus Marcelinus Ämmiäni Marcelimi Rerom gestawm libri qoi sopersvnt, red. Wolfgang Seyfarth, Leipzig 1978. Ammiansus Marcellinus, Dzieje rzymskie, 1.1-2, tł. I. Lewandowski, Warszawa 2002. Codex Theodosianus Theodosiani libri XVI cum constitutionibus Sirmondianis et leges novelláé ad Theodosianum per tinentes, red. Th. Mommsen, P. Meyer, Berolini 1905. Evagrius Scholasticus Ewagriusz Scholastyk, Historia Kościoła, tł. S. Kazikowski, Warszawa 1990. Flavius Magnus Aurelius Cassiodorus Cassiodori Senatoris Variae, Monumenta Germaniae Historica, t. XII, rec. Th. Mommsen, Berolini 1894. Gaius Gaius, Instytucje, tł. C. Kunderewicz, red. J. Rezler, Warszawa 1982. Gaius Iulius Caesar Gajusz Juliusz Cezar, Wojna galijska, tł. E. Konik, Wrocław 2004. Grzegorz Wielki Święty Grzegorz Wielki, Listy, tł. J. Czuj, Warszawa 1954. Heron Siegecraft Two Tenth-Century Instructional Manuals by „Heron of Byzantium , red., tł. D. Sulli van, Washington 2000. Ioannes Chrysostomus joannis Chrysostomі Archiepiscopi
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Summary 1. The structure of the Roman army as exemplified by Strategikon The first chapter of the work is dedicated solely to the structure of the Roman army as pre sented by the author of Strategikon. The conducted analysis is an extension of the research of Aussaresses. In contrast to the works of this French scholar, this work deals with all ranks of the Roman army, establishing a clear system of interdependence, starting from the rankand-file soldiers and leading all the way up to the army strategist. It is also worth noting that Strategikon maintains a clear division in the army s hierarchy between units of cavalry and in fantry. Its author saw these two as clearly distinct formations, which results in differences in military ranks. 2. Armament and training of individual soldiers The second chapter is a continuation of the first one. After the analysis of the Roman army s structure presented in Strategikon, the second chapter includes an analysis of a Roman soldier s weaponry. Just as in the first chapter, also here a distinction was made between units of cavalry and infantry, and the infantry was further divided into light and heavy infantry. This part of the work is based mostly on written sources, yet it also makes use of archeological findings, which were particularly helpful in identifying the differences between the so-called Henries sword and the Late Roman spatha. The author also voiced his opinion on the apparent lack of inclu sion of cataphracts in Maurice s work, stating that heavy cavalry is described in Strategikon not as a separate unit type, but as
the vanguard of cavalry bandons. The lack of separate heavy cav alry units was a result of changing tactics, as well as the financial troubles of the empire. 3. 4. The tactics of the Roman army of the 6th century Chapter 3 and Chapter 4 of my work deal with the tactics employed by respective army forma tions. The author of Strategikon described the tactics for cavalry and infantry separately, which is why this work uses a similar distinction. The fourth chapter includes a description of infantry tactics, as well as battle formations for a combined-forces army suggested by Maurice. The parts dealing with tactics were based completely on Strategikon. The aim was to present to the reader the new approach to tactics used by respective army formations. This made it easier to identify the new tactical ideas employed by the Roman army at the end of the 6th century. 5. The analysis of the campaign of 586 in light of Strategikon The fifth chapter is, in a way, a summary of the first four chapters. It includes a detailed anal ysis of the campaign of 586, starting from the Roman - Persian negotiations and ending with the description of events following the battle of Solachon. The analysis was based on the work by Theophylact Simocatta, whose account of the events was confronted with the information included in Strategikon. This allowed for emphasizing the usefulness of numerous ideas de scribed in Strategikon. Unfortunately, the rather lacking descriptions of military operations make it impossible to fully verify the practical applications of Strategikon. Nevertheless, it is
evident that the treatise was based on the then-current art of war, and faithfully represents the state of the Roman army of the time. This is evidenced by the behavior of Roman officers described 262
by Simocatta, which is compliant with the rules of the art of war laid down by Maurice in his work. 6. Analysis of Roman tactics in selected battles It would be a gross error in methodology if the whole research was based on just one cam paign, which is why Chapter 6 describes two other model encounters fought by the Roman army: one with the Avari people and one with the Persians. Apart from analyzing Roman tac tics, this makes it possible to verify if Maurice s knowledge concerning the warfare of the states bordering Rome was consistent with reality. The results show that the Roman strategists acted in strict accordance with the suggestions included in Maurice s treatise, and that Strategikon did in fact faithfully represent the reality of waging war against the Persians and the Avari people. 7. Roman military discipline in light of Strategikon Chapter 7 commences the investigation of the antiquarian aspects of Maurice s treatise. It con tains an analysis of the Roman military discipline and military penal law included in Strategikon in the context of Justinian s Digesta and the Leges militares by Ruffus. A detailed philological analysis and historical source analysis led to a conclusion that Digesta, though they did consti tute the binding collection of laws, were not the legal basis for the Roman military law as pre sented in Strategikon. On the other hand, all articles of the military law were compliant with the laws of the Digesta, by which we may conclude that the military law described in Maurice s treatise was established in accordance with the binding legal
codes. A cross-analysis of Leges militares, Strategikon and Digesta, has shown that the work of Ruffus includes sections consistent with the other two works. The author of this work suggests that the text by Ruffus should be dated differently, as written in the years following the creation of Strategikon. An analysis of content shows that Leges militares includes sections clearly copied from Digesta and Strategikon, where as Strategikon did not copy anything from Digesta. It seems improbable that Maurice only cop ied those sections of Ruffus Leges militares that did not also appear in Digesta, which means that the work by Ruffus must have been written later than both Digesta and Strategikon, and Ruffus simply made a compilation of information included in Strategikon, Digesta and one other source, which did not survive to this day. This is corroborated by both a linguistic as well as philolog ical analysis of works being studied. Apart from these issues, the author of this work made an attempt to answer the question if the military law included in Strategikon was originally created by Maurice, or if it was simply a compilation of military regulations. Based on the information currently at our disposal it is impossible to give an unambiguous answer to this question, how ever all evidence points to the latter being the case. 8. Influence of the work of Aelianus Tacticus on Strategikon Chapter 8 deals with a historical digression included in book ХПВ of Strategikon. The author of this work studied ancient historical sources to trace the origins of Maurice s knowledge on
the Roman legions. The results were astonishing, as it turns out that Maurice did not describe the structure of a Roman legion, but a Macedonian phalanx. Therefore, he must have based the de scription on the work by Aelianus Tacticus, who gives exactly the same information when de scribing the structure of a Macedonian phalanx. 9. Epitoma rei militaris by Vegetius and Strategikon Chapter 9 consists of two parts. In the first part the author studies the army tactics presented in the work of Vegetius, and confronts it with the treatise of Maurice. The results made it possi ble to determine that Maurice was familiar with and made use of Vegetius work, a case in point being the similarities between both works in the description of tactics. The second part of the chapter is devoted to Reguiae Belorum Generales written by Vegetius, which Maurice included in full in his Strategikon, even going as far as to retain the order of individual sections. Each sec tion was thoroughly studied with regard to the philological aspects and the contents, and the re sults prove that a Greek translation of Reguiae Belorum Generales was included in Strategikon as part of the book γνωμικά. 263
10. Transformation of Roman warfare in the context of Περί Στρατηγικής and Strategiko։։ Chapter 10 contains a detailed analysis of Strategikon with regard to the work of Svrianus Magister. The analysis did not confirm the existence of any direct relationship between the two works, however a comparison of contents suggests that Περί Στρατηγικής predates Strategiko։։, and that Maurice expanded on some of the tactics included in it. 11. Antiquarian character of Book X of Strategikon Chapter 11 sums up the study of the antiquarian character of Strategiko։։. I have elected to ana lyze one book of Strategikon in the context of antiquarian information included therein. A logical choice was book X, dealing with siege warfare, which clearly seemed more antiquarian in char acter than the rest of the treatise. The study confirmed this. A comparison with numerous an cient history sources dealing with siege tactics has shown that Maurice was a very knowledge able man and that large portions of his treatise were inspired by earlier works. However, one might hazard a statement that although Strategikon was undoubtedly inspired by various oth er works, it is difficult to specify such portions of text, where its author simply elected to copy a section of an earlier work. 12. An attempt at dating Book X of Strategikon anew In the last chapter I have made an attempt to re-date the creation of Book X of Strategiko։։, as I believe that the date of 583, believed to be the date of the events at the fort of Akbas, should be revised. Maurice s description may just as well refer to the retreat
from the fort of Chlomaron in the year 586, all the events of which are not only consistent with the description included in Book X of Strategikon, but are also of greater military importance and had a more profound psy chological effect. An analysis of factual literature shows that these are the only two events that are consistent with Maurice s description, which makes it possible to conclude that Book X of Strategikon was written shortly after 583 or shortly after 586. The author of this work believes the latter date to be more probable. Conclusion The results of numerous analyses made it possible to determine that Strategikon is a unique work. Its author combined antiquarian aspects with practical aspects, and as a result created a treatise that corresponds to the reality of waging war at the end of the 6th century, and at the same time honors the legacy of antiquity and makes practical use of earlier works. The thesis of this work, stated in the title: Maurici։ Strategikon; a practical manual of military tactics and an anti quarian work should therefore be deemed true. Further study of antiquarian and practical aspects of Strategikon is required, as there are still numerous sources, which were not analyzed herein, and which might have served as inspiration for Maurice. Bayerische Staatsbibliothe München
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| series2 | Labarum |
| spelling | Różycki, Łukasz Verfasser (DE-588)1235352781 aut Mauricii Strategicon praktyczny podręcznik wojskowy i dzieło antykwaryczne Łukasz Różycki Poznań Instytut Historii UAM 2015 263 Seiten Illustrationen 24cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Labarum 13 Bibliographie Seite 251-261 Englische Zusammenfassung Maurikios I. Byzantinisches Reich, Kaiser ca. um 582/602 Strategicon (DE-588)4778813-6 gnd rswk-swf Rzym (państwo) / Armia jhpk Geschichte gnd rswk-swf Sztuka i nauka wojenna / Rzym (państwo) jhpk Taktyka wojskowa jhpk Taktik (DE-588)4058940-7 gnd rswk-swf Rzym (państwo) / historia wojskowa jhpk Maurikios I. Byzantinisches Reich, Kaiser ca. um 582/602 Strategicon (DE-588)4778813-6 u Taktik (DE-588)4058940-7 s Geschichte z DE-604 Labarum 13 (DE-604)BV023042602 13 Digitalisierung BSB München 25 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029356308&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München 25 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029356308&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München 25 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029356308&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Różycki, Łukasz Mauricii Strategicon praktyczny podręcznik wojskowy i dzieło antykwaryczne Labarum Bibliographie Seite 251-261 Maurikios I. Byzantinisches Reich, Kaiser ca. um 582/602 Strategicon (DE-588)4778813-6 gnd Rzym (państwo) / Armia jhpk Sztuka i nauka wojenna / Rzym (państwo) jhpk Taktyka wojskowa jhpk Taktik (DE-588)4058940-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4778813-6 (DE-588)4058940-7 |
| title | Mauricii Strategicon praktyczny podręcznik wojskowy i dzieło antykwaryczne |
| title_auth | Mauricii Strategicon praktyczny podręcznik wojskowy i dzieło antykwaryczne |
| title_exact_search | Mauricii Strategicon praktyczny podręcznik wojskowy i dzieło antykwaryczne |
| title_full | Mauricii Strategicon praktyczny podręcznik wojskowy i dzieło antykwaryczne Łukasz Różycki |
| title_fullStr | Mauricii Strategicon praktyczny podręcznik wojskowy i dzieło antykwaryczne Łukasz Różycki |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mauricii Strategicon praktyczny podręcznik wojskowy i dzieło antykwaryczne Łukasz Różycki |
| title_short | Mauricii Strategicon |
| title_sort | mauricii strategicon praktyczny podrecznik wojskowy i dzielo antykwaryczne |
| title_sub | praktyczny podręcznik wojskowy i dzieło antykwaryczne |
| topic | Maurikios I. Byzantinisches Reich, Kaiser ca. um 582/602 Strategicon (DE-588)4778813-6 gnd Rzym (państwo) / Armia jhpk Sztuka i nauka wojenna / Rzym (państwo) jhpk Taktyka wojskowa jhpk Taktik (DE-588)4058940-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Maurikios I. Byzantinisches Reich, Kaiser ca. um 582/602 Strategicon Rzym (państwo) / Armia Sztuka i nauka wojenna / Rzym (państwo) Taktyka wojskowa Taktik Rzym (państwo) / historia wojskowa |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029356308&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029356308&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029356308&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV023042602 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT rozyckiłukasz mauriciistrategiconpraktycznypodrecznikwojskowyidziełoantykwaryczne |