Hate Crime Statutes: A Public Policy and Law Enforcement Dilemma
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Elektronisch E-Book |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
[Cham]
Springer
[2017]
|
| Schriftenreihe: | SpringerBriefs in Criminology
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | BTU01 UBR01 UBW01 UER01 Volltext Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | 1 Online Ressource (VII, 84 p. 2 illus. in color) |
| ISBN: | 9783319408422 |
| DOI: | 10.1007/978-3-319-40842-2 |
Internformat
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804176867947708416 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION 1
HISTORIC AND CONTEMPORARY HATE CRIME STATUTES 2
THE EMOTION OF HATE 4
THE PROBLEM OF DEFINING HATE CRIMES 5
THE PUTATIVE MESSAGE FROM HATE OFFENDERS 7
THE EXTENT OF THE PROBLEM 8
VICTIM UNDER REPORTING 10
REFERENCES 11
2 THE LEGACY OF HATE CRIMES IN AMERICAN HISTORY 13
AMERICAN LYNCHING 14
THE BIRTH AND REBIRTH OF THE KU KLUX KLAN 18
ANTI-SEMITISM AND HOLOCAUST DENIAL 19
GAY AND LESBIAN BASHING 22
REFERENCES 25
3 THE CASE FOR HATE CRIME STATUTES-PUTATIVE UNIQUENESS
OF INJURIES 29
PSYCHOLOGICAL INJURIES 30
PHYSICAL INJURIES 32
SECONDARY VICTIMIZATION EFFECTS 32
REFERENCES 34
4 OFFENDERS, VICTIMS, AND SITUATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS
OF THE HATE CRIME INCIDENT 35
OFFENDER CHARACTERISTICS 35
VICTIM CHARACTERISTICS 37
SITUATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE HATE CRIME INCIDENT 38
BIAS CRIME OFFENDER TYPOLOGY 40
THE THRILL SEEKING OFFENDER 40
THE DEFENSIVE BIAS OFFENDER 41
VI CONTENTS
MISSION BIAS OFFENDERS 42
THE RETALIATORY BIAS OFFENDER 42
REFERENCES 43
5 LEGISLATIVE RESPONSES TO HATE CRIMES 45
RACIAL ANIMUS, DISCRIMINATORY SELECTION, BECAUSE OF, AND INTENT
TO HARASS AND INTIMIDATE STATUTES 46
TITLE 28 U.S. § 534*THE HATE CRIME STATISTICS ACT 47
TITLE 28 U.S. § 994*THE HATE CRIME SENTENCING ENHANCEMENT
ACT OF 1994 47
TITLE 42 U.S. § 13701*THE VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN ACT OF 1994. . . 48
TITLE 18 U.S. § 247*THE CHURCH ARSON PREVENTION ACT OF 1996 48
TITLE 18 U.S. § 249 MATTHEW SHEPARD AND JAMES BYRD, JR.,
HATE CRIMES PREVENTION ACT OF 2009 48
SELECT STATE HATE CRIME STATUTES 49
REFERENCES 51
6 CONSTITUTIONAL AND PUBLIC POLICY ISSUES 53
RAV V. CITY OF ST. PAUL 505 U.S. 377 (1992) 53
WISCONSIN V. MITCHELL 508 U.S. 476 (1993) 54
FIRST AMENDMENT CHALLENGES: HATE CRIME STATUTES ARE OVERBROAD .... 54
FOURTEENTH AMENDMENT EQUAL PROTECTION AND DUE PROCESS
CONCERNS 55
MOTIVE AND THE MENTAL STATE OF THE HATE CRIME OFFENDER 56
THE PROBLEM OF OVER INCLUSIVENESS: NON-PURPOSEFUL,
UNKNOWING AND UNCONSCIOUS HATE CRIMES 58
UNINTENDED CONSEQUENCES OF HATE CRIME LEGISLATION:
CITIZEN RESENTMENT, SOCIAL BACKLASH, PROLIFERATION
OF PREJUDICE AND DISPROPORTIONATE PROSECUTION OF MINORITIES 59
REFERENCES 62
7 THE LAW ENFORCEMENT AND PROSECUTION DILEMMA 65
FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE POLICE DEPARTMENTS INTERPRETATIONS
AND REPORTING OF HATE CRIMES 65
THE EFFECT OF POLICE DEPARTMENTS VARIATIONS IN TRAINING 66
INVESTIGATION ISSUES: THE CLASSIFICATION DECISION OF BIAS
MOTIVATION 67
DECIPHERING MIXED AND SECONDARY BIAS MOTIVATIONS 69
PRACTICAL CHALLENGES TO PROSECUTION OF HATE CRIMES OFFENSES 73
REFERENCES 75
77
8 SUMMARY DISCUSSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
REFERENCES 79
APPENDIX 81
INDEX 83
|
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| spelling | Pezzella, Frank S. Verfasser (DE-588)1116643200 aut Hate Crime Statutes A Public Policy and Law Enforcement Dilemma Frank S. Pezzella [Cham] Springer [2017] 1 Online Ressource (VII, 84 p. 2 illus. in color) txt rdacontent c rdamedia cr rdacarrier SpringerBriefs in Criminology Social sciences Human rights Criminology Social structure Social inequality Social Sciences Criminology & Criminal Justice Human Rights Social Structure, Social Inequality Menschenrecht Sozialwissenschaften Erscheint auch als Druckausgabe 978-3-319-40840-8 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40842-2 Verlag URL des Erstveröffentlichers Volltext SWB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029342539&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Pezzella, Frank S. Hate Crime Statutes A Public Policy and Law Enforcement Dilemma Social sciences Human rights Criminology Social structure Social inequality Social Sciences Criminology & Criminal Justice Human Rights Social Structure, Social Inequality Menschenrecht Sozialwissenschaften |
| title | Hate Crime Statutes A Public Policy and Law Enforcement Dilemma |
| title_auth | Hate Crime Statutes A Public Policy and Law Enforcement Dilemma |
| title_exact_search | Hate Crime Statutes A Public Policy and Law Enforcement Dilemma |
| title_full | Hate Crime Statutes A Public Policy and Law Enforcement Dilemma Frank S. Pezzella |
| title_fullStr | Hate Crime Statutes A Public Policy and Law Enforcement Dilemma Frank S. Pezzella |
| title_full_unstemmed | Hate Crime Statutes A Public Policy and Law Enforcement Dilemma Frank S. Pezzella |
| title_short | Hate Crime Statutes |
| title_sort | hate crime statutes a public policy and law enforcement dilemma |
| title_sub | A Public Policy and Law Enforcement Dilemma |
| topic | Social sciences Human rights Criminology Social structure Social inequality Social Sciences Criminology & Criminal Justice Human Rights Social Structure, Social Inequality Menschenrecht Sozialwissenschaften |
| topic_facet | Social sciences Human rights Criminology Social structure Social inequality Social Sciences Criminology & Criminal Justice Human Rights Social Structure, Social Inequality Menschenrecht Sozialwissenschaften |
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