The Ottoman road to war in 1914: the Ottoman Empire and the First World War
Why did the Ottoman Empire enter the First World War in late October 1914, months after the war's devastations had become clear? Were its leaders 'simple-minded,' 'below-average' individuals, as the doyen of Turkish diplomatic history has argued? Or, as others have claimed,...
Gespeichert in:
1. Verfasser: | |
---|---|
Format: | Elektronisch E-Book |
Sprache: | English |
Veröffentlicht: |
Cambridge
Cambridge University Press
2008
|
Schriftenreihe: | Cambridge military histories
|
Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | DE-12 DE-473 URL des Erstveröffentlichers |
Zusammenfassung: | Why did the Ottoman Empire enter the First World War in late October 1914, months after the war's devastations had become clear? Were its leaders 'simple-minded,' 'below-average' individuals, as the doyen of Turkish diplomatic history has argued? Or, as others have claimed, did the Ottomans enter the war because War Minister Enver Pasha, dictating Ottoman decisions, was in thrall to the Germans and to his own expansionist dreams? Based on previously untapped Ottoman and European sources, Mustafa Aksakal's dramatic study challenges this consensus. It demonstrates that responsibility went far beyond Enver, that the road to war was paved by the demands of a politically interested public, and that the Ottoman leadership sought the German alliance as the only way out of a web of international threats and domestic insecurities, opting for an escape whose catastrophic consequences for the empire and seismic impact on the Middle East are felt even today |
Beschreibung: | Title from publisher's bibliographic system (viewed on 05 Oct 2015) |
Beschreibung: | 1 online resource (xv, 216 pages) |
ISBN: | 9780511551987 |
DOI: | 10.1017/CBO9780511551987 |
Internformat
MARC
LEADER | 00000nmm a2200000zc 4500 | ||
---|---|---|---|
001 | BV043921191 | ||
003 | DE-604 | ||
005 | 20180207 | ||
007 | cr|uuu---uuuuu | ||
008 | 161202s2008 |||| o||u| ||||||eng d | ||
020 | |a 9780511551987 |c Online |9 978-0-511-55198-7 | ||
024 | 7 | |a 10.1017/CBO9780511551987 |2 doi | |
035 | |a (ZDB-20-CBO)CR9780511551987 | ||
035 | |a (OCoLC)967402209 | ||
035 | |a (DE-599)BVBBV043921191 | ||
040 | |a DE-604 |b ger |e rda | ||
041 | 0 | |a eng | |
049 | |a DE-12 |a DE-473 | ||
082 | 0 | |a 940.3/56 |2 22 | |
084 | |a NP 4460 |0 (DE-625)127830: |2 rvk | ||
084 | |a NP 6450 |0 (DE-625)128022: |2 rvk | ||
100 | 1 | |a Aksakal, Mustafa |d 1973- |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
245 | 1 | 0 | |a The Ottoman road to war in 1914 |b the Ottoman Empire and the First World War |c Mustafa Aksakal |
264 | 1 | |a Cambridge |b Cambridge University Press |c 2008 | |
300 | |a 1 online resource (xv, 216 pages) | ||
336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
337 | |b c |2 rdamedia | ||
338 | |b cr |2 rdacarrier | ||
490 | 0 | |a Cambridge military histories | |
500 | |a Title from publisher's bibliographic system (viewed on 05 Oct 2015) | ||
505 | 8 | |a Pursuing sovereignty in the age of imperialism -- The intellectual and emotional climate after the Balkan Wars -- 1914 : war with Greece? -- The Ottomans within the international order -- The great war as great opportunity : the Ottoman July crisis -- Tug of war : Penelope's game -- Salvation through war? -- Conclusion : the decision for war remembered | |
520 | |a Why did the Ottoman Empire enter the First World War in late October 1914, months after the war's devastations had become clear? Were its leaders 'simple-minded,' 'below-average' individuals, as the doyen of Turkish diplomatic history has argued? Or, as others have claimed, did the Ottomans enter the war because War Minister Enver Pasha, dictating Ottoman decisions, was in thrall to the Germans and to his own expansionist dreams? Based on previously untapped Ottoman and European sources, Mustafa Aksakal's dramatic study challenges this consensus. It demonstrates that responsibility went far beyond Enver, that the road to war was paved by the demands of a politically interested public, and that the Ottoman leadership sought the German alliance as the only way out of a web of international threats and domestic insecurities, opting for an escape whose catastrophic consequences for the empire and seismic impact on the Middle East are felt even today | ||
600 | 0 | 7 | |a Mehmed |b V. |c Osmanisches Reich, Sultan |d 1844-1918 |0 (DE-588)124832946 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
648 | 4 | |a Geschichte 1900-2000 | |
648 | 7 | |a Geschichte 1913-1914 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
650 | 4 | |a Geschichte | |
650 | 4 | |a Weltkrieg (1914-1918) | |
650 | 4 | |a World War, 1914-1918 / Turkey | |
650 | 0 | 7 | |a Erster Weltkrieg |0 (DE-588)4079163-4 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
651 | 4 | |a Türkei | |
651 | 4 | |a Turkey / History / Mehmed V, 1909-1918 | |
651 | 4 | |a Turkey / History, Military / 20th century | |
651 | 7 | |a Osmanisches Reich |0 (DE-588)4075720-1 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
655 | 7 | |8 1\p |0 (DE-588)4113937-9 |a Hochschulschrift |2 gnd-content | |
689 | 0 | 0 | |a Osmanisches Reich |0 (DE-588)4075720-1 |D g |
689 | 0 | 1 | |a Erster Weltkrieg |0 (DE-588)4079163-4 |D s |
689 | 0 | 2 | |a Geschichte 1913-1914 |A z |
689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
689 | 1 | 0 | |a Mehmed |b V. |c Osmanisches Reich, Sultan |d 1844-1918 |0 (DE-588)124832946 |D p |
689 | 1 | |5 DE-604 | |
776 | 0 | 8 | |i Erscheint auch als |n Druckausgabe |z 978-0-521-17525-8 |
776 | 0 | 8 | |i Erscheint auch als |n Druckausgabe |z 978-0-521-88060-2 |
856 | 4 | 0 | |u https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511551987 |x Verlag |z URL des Erstveröffentlichers |3 Volltext |
883 | 1 | |8 1\p |a cgwrk |d 20201028 |q DE-101 |u https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk | |
912 | |a ZDB-20-CBO | ||
940 | 1 | |q BSBWK1 | |
943 | 1 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-029330273 | |
966 | e | |u https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511551987 |l DE-12 |p ZDB-20-CBO |q BSB_PDA_CBO |x Verlag |3 Volltext | |
966 | e | |u https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511551987 |l DE-473 |p ZDB-20-CBO |q UBG_PDA_CBO |x Verlag |3 Volltext |
Datensatz im Suchindex
_version_ | 1814902706660179968 |
---|---|
adam_text | |
any_adam_object | |
author | Aksakal, Mustafa 1973- |
author_facet | Aksakal, Mustafa 1973- |
author_role | aut |
author_sort | Aksakal, Mustafa 1973- |
author_variant | m a ma |
building | Verbundindex |
bvnumber | BV043921191 |
classification_rvk | NP 4460 NP 6450 |
collection | ZDB-20-CBO |
contents | Pursuing sovereignty in the age of imperialism -- The intellectual and emotional climate after the Balkan Wars -- 1914 : war with Greece? -- The Ottomans within the international order -- The great war as great opportunity : the Ottoman July crisis -- Tug of war : Penelope's game -- Salvation through war? -- Conclusion : the decision for war remembered |
ctrlnum | (ZDB-20-CBO)CR9780511551987 (OCoLC)967402209 (DE-599)BVBBV043921191 |
dewey-full | 940.3/56 |
dewey-hundreds | 900 - History & geography |
dewey-ones | 940 - History of Europe |
dewey-raw | 940.3/56 |
dewey-search | 940.3/56 |
dewey-sort | 3940.3 256 |
dewey-tens | 940 - History of Europe |
discipline | Geschichte |
doi_str_mv | 10.1017/CBO9780511551987 |
era | Geschichte 1900-2000 Geschichte 1913-1914 gnd |
era_facet | Geschichte 1900-2000 Geschichte 1913-1914 |
format | Electronic eBook |
fullrecord | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>00000nmm a2200000zc 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">BV043921191</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-604</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20180207</controlfield><controlfield tag="007">cr|uuu---uuuuu</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">161202s2008 |||| o||u| ||||||eng d</controlfield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">9780511551987</subfield><subfield code="c">Online</subfield><subfield code="9">978-0-511-55198-7</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="024" ind1="7" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">10.1017/CBO9780511551987</subfield><subfield code="2">doi</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(ZDB-20-CBO)CR9780511551987</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)967402209</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)BVBBV043921191</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-604</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="e">rda</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="049" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-12</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-473</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="082" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">940.3/56</subfield><subfield code="2">22</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">NP 4460</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-625)127830:</subfield><subfield code="2">rvk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">NP 6450</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-625)128022:</subfield><subfield code="2">rvk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Aksakal, Mustafa</subfield><subfield code="d">1973-</subfield><subfield code="e">Verfasser</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">The Ottoman road to war in 1914</subfield><subfield code="b">the Ottoman Empire and the First World War</subfield><subfield code="c">Mustafa Aksakal</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Cambridge</subfield><subfield code="b">Cambridge University Press</subfield><subfield code="c">2008</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">1 online resource (xv, 216 pages)</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">c</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">cr</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="490" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Cambridge military histories</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="500" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Title from publisher's bibliographic system (viewed on 05 Oct 2015)</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="505" ind1="8" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Pursuing sovereignty in the age of imperialism -- The intellectual and emotional climate after the Balkan Wars -- 1914 : war with Greece? -- The Ottomans within the international order -- The great war as great opportunity : the Ottoman July crisis -- Tug of war : Penelope's game -- Salvation through war? -- Conclusion : the decision for war remembered</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Why did the Ottoman Empire enter the First World War in late October 1914, months after the war's devastations had become clear? Were its leaders 'simple-minded,' 'below-average' individuals, as the doyen of Turkish diplomatic history has argued? Or, as others have claimed, did the Ottomans enter the war because War Minister Enver Pasha, dictating Ottoman decisions, was in thrall to the Germans and to his own expansionist dreams? Based on previously untapped Ottoman and European sources, Mustafa Aksakal's dramatic study challenges this consensus. It demonstrates that responsibility went far beyond Enver, that the road to war was paved by the demands of a politically interested public, and that the Ottoman leadership sought the German alliance as the only way out of a web of international threats and domestic insecurities, opting for an escape whose catastrophic consequences for the empire and seismic impact on the Middle East are felt even today</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="600" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Mehmed</subfield><subfield code="b">V.</subfield><subfield code="c">Osmanisches Reich, Sultan</subfield><subfield code="d">1844-1918</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)124832946</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="648" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Geschichte 1900-2000</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="648" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Geschichte 1913-1914</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Geschichte</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Weltkrieg (1914-1918)</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">World War, 1914-1918 / Turkey</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Erster Weltkrieg</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4079163-4</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="651" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Türkei</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="651" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Turkey / History / Mehmed V, 1909-1918</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="651" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Turkey / History, Military / 20th century</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="651" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Osmanisches Reich</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4075720-1</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="655" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="8">1\p</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4113937-9</subfield><subfield code="a">Hochschulschrift</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd-content</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Osmanisches Reich</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4075720-1</subfield><subfield code="D">g</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Erster Weltkrieg</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4079163-4</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="2"><subfield code="a">Geschichte 1913-1914</subfield><subfield code="A">z</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Mehmed</subfield><subfield code="b">V.</subfield><subfield code="c">Osmanisches Reich, Sultan</subfield><subfield code="d">1844-1918</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)124832946</subfield><subfield code="D">p</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="776" ind1="0" ind2="8"><subfield code="i">Erscheint auch als</subfield><subfield code="n">Druckausgabe</subfield><subfield code="z">978-0-521-17525-8</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="776" ind1="0" ind2="8"><subfield code="i">Erscheint auch als</subfield><subfield code="n">Druckausgabe</subfield><subfield code="z">978-0-521-88060-2</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="0"><subfield code="u">https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511551987</subfield><subfield code="x">Verlag</subfield><subfield code="z">URL des Erstveröffentlichers</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="883" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="8">1\p</subfield><subfield code="a">cgwrk</subfield><subfield code="d">20201028</subfield><subfield code="q">DE-101</subfield><subfield code="u">https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">ZDB-20-CBO</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="940" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="q">BSBWK1</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="943" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-029330273</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="966" ind1="e" ind2=" "><subfield code="u">https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511551987</subfield><subfield code="l">DE-12</subfield><subfield code="p">ZDB-20-CBO</subfield><subfield code="q">BSB_PDA_CBO</subfield><subfield code="x">Verlag</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="966" ind1="e" ind2=" "><subfield code="u">https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511551987</subfield><subfield code="l">DE-473</subfield><subfield code="p">ZDB-20-CBO</subfield><subfield code="q">UBG_PDA_CBO</subfield><subfield code="x">Verlag</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield></record></collection> |
genre | 1\p (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content |
genre_facet | Hochschulschrift |
geographic | Türkei Turkey / History / Mehmed V, 1909-1918 Turkey / History, Military / 20th century Osmanisches Reich (DE-588)4075720-1 gnd |
geographic_facet | Türkei Turkey / History / Mehmed V, 1909-1918 Turkey / History, Military / 20th century Osmanisches Reich |
id | DE-604.BV043921191 |
illustrated | Not Illustrated |
indexdate | 2024-11-05T17:01:38Z |
institution | BVB |
isbn | 9780511551987 |
language | English |
oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-029330273 |
oclc_num | 967402209 |
open_access_boolean | |
owner | DE-12 DE-473 DE-BY-UBG |
owner_facet | DE-12 DE-473 DE-BY-UBG |
physical | 1 online resource (xv, 216 pages) |
psigel | ZDB-20-CBO BSBWK1 ZDB-20-CBO BSB_PDA_CBO ZDB-20-CBO UBG_PDA_CBO |
publishDate | 2008 |
publishDateSearch | 2008 |
publishDateSort | 2008 |
publisher | Cambridge University Press |
record_format | marc |
series2 | Cambridge military histories |
spelling | Aksakal, Mustafa 1973- Verfasser aut The Ottoman road to war in 1914 the Ottoman Empire and the First World War Mustafa Aksakal Cambridge Cambridge University Press 2008 1 online resource (xv, 216 pages) txt rdacontent c rdamedia cr rdacarrier Cambridge military histories Title from publisher's bibliographic system (viewed on 05 Oct 2015) Pursuing sovereignty in the age of imperialism -- The intellectual and emotional climate after the Balkan Wars -- 1914 : war with Greece? -- The Ottomans within the international order -- The great war as great opportunity : the Ottoman July crisis -- Tug of war : Penelope's game -- Salvation through war? -- Conclusion : the decision for war remembered Why did the Ottoman Empire enter the First World War in late October 1914, months after the war's devastations had become clear? Were its leaders 'simple-minded,' 'below-average' individuals, as the doyen of Turkish diplomatic history has argued? Or, as others have claimed, did the Ottomans enter the war because War Minister Enver Pasha, dictating Ottoman decisions, was in thrall to the Germans and to his own expansionist dreams? Based on previously untapped Ottoman and European sources, Mustafa Aksakal's dramatic study challenges this consensus. It demonstrates that responsibility went far beyond Enver, that the road to war was paved by the demands of a politically interested public, and that the Ottoman leadership sought the German alliance as the only way out of a web of international threats and domestic insecurities, opting for an escape whose catastrophic consequences for the empire and seismic impact on the Middle East are felt even today Mehmed V. Osmanisches Reich, Sultan 1844-1918 (DE-588)124832946 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte 1900-2000 Geschichte 1913-1914 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte Weltkrieg (1914-1918) World War, 1914-1918 / Turkey Erster Weltkrieg (DE-588)4079163-4 gnd rswk-swf Türkei Turkey / History / Mehmed V, 1909-1918 Turkey / History, Military / 20th century Osmanisches Reich (DE-588)4075720-1 gnd rswk-swf 1\p (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content Osmanisches Reich (DE-588)4075720-1 g Erster Weltkrieg (DE-588)4079163-4 s Geschichte 1913-1914 z DE-604 Mehmed V. Osmanisches Reich, Sultan 1844-1918 (DE-588)124832946 p Erscheint auch als Druckausgabe 978-0-521-17525-8 Erscheint auch als Druckausgabe 978-0-521-88060-2 https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511551987 Verlag URL des Erstveröffentlichers Volltext 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
spellingShingle | Aksakal, Mustafa 1973- The Ottoman road to war in 1914 the Ottoman Empire and the First World War Pursuing sovereignty in the age of imperialism -- The intellectual and emotional climate after the Balkan Wars -- 1914 : war with Greece? -- The Ottomans within the international order -- The great war as great opportunity : the Ottoman July crisis -- Tug of war : Penelope's game -- Salvation through war? -- Conclusion : the decision for war remembered Mehmed V. Osmanisches Reich, Sultan 1844-1918 (DE-588)124832946 gnd Geschichte Weltkrieg (1914-1918) World War, 1914-1918 / Turkey Erster Weltkrieg (DE-588)4079163-4 gnd |
subject_GND | (DE-588)124832946 (DE-588)4079163-4 (DE-588)4075720-1 (DE-588)4113937-9 |
title | The Ottoman road to war in 1914 the Ottoman Empire and the First World War |
title_auth | The Ottoman road to war in 1914 the Ottoman Empire and the First World War |
title_exact_search | The Ottoman road to war in 1914 the Ottoman Empire and the First World War |
title_full | The Ottoman road to war in 1914 the Ottoman Empire and the First World War Mustafa Aksakal |
title_fullStr | The Ottoman road to war in 1914 the Ottoman Empire and the First World War Mustafa Aksakal |
title_full_unstemmed | The Ottoman road to war in 1914 the Ottoman Empire and the First World War Mustafa Aksakal |
title_short | The Ottoman road to war in 1914 |
title_sort | the ottoman road to war in 1914 the ottoman empire and the first world war |
title_sub | the Ottoman Empire and the First World War |
topic | Mehmed V. Osmanisches Reich, Sultan 1844-1918 (DE-588)124832946 gnd Geschichte Weltkrieg (1914-1918) World War, 1914-1918 / Turkey Erster Weltkrieg (DE-588)4079163-4 gnd |
topic_facet | Mehmed V. Osmanisches Reich, Sultan 1844-1918 Geschichte Weltkrieg (1914-1918) World War, 1914-1918 / Turkey Erster Weltkrieg Türkei Turkey / History / Mehmed V, 1909-1918 Turkey / History, Military / 20th century Osmanisches Reich Hochschulschrift |
url | https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511551987 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT aksakalmustafa theottomanroadtowarin1914theottomanempireandthefirstworldwar |