Diffuse lung disease:
Gespeichert in:
| Weitere Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Elsevier
[2016]
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Radiologic clinics of North America
volume 54, number 6 (November 2016) |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | xv Seiten, Seite 997-1212 Illustrationen |
| ISBN: | 9780323476935 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Diffuse lung disease |c editor Jeffrey P. Kanne ; consulting editor Frank H. Miller |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Titel: Diffuse lung disease
Autor: Kanne, Jeffrey P
Jahr: 2016
Diffuse Lung Disease
Contents
Preface: Diffuse White Stuff in the Lungs: Challenges and Advances
Jeffrey P. Kanne
Imaging of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis 997
Joanna E. Kusmirek, Maria Daniela Martin, and Jeffrey P. Kanne
Idiopathic interstitial pneumonias are a heterogeneous group of diffuse lung dis-
eases characterized by distinct clinicopathologic entities with the usual interstitial
pneumonia (UIP) being the most common. The pattern of UIP can be seen in idio-
pathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF^ as well as in secondary causes, most commonly in
connective tissue diseases. IPF is usually progressive and associated with a very
poor prognosis, and newer therapies pose a risk of serious complications; therefore,
diagnostic certainty is crucial. This article reviews the radiologic findings in UIP with
clinical correlation and histopathologic features along with its significance for prog-
nosis and monitoring of patients.
Imaging of Pulmonary Manifestations of Connective Tissue Diseases 1015
Jitesh Ahuja, Deepika Arora, Jeffrey P. Kanne, Travis S. Henry, and J. David Godwin
Connective tissue diseases (CTDs) are a heterogeneous group of conditions
characterized by circulating autoantibodies and autoimmune-mediated organ
damage. Common CTDs with lung manifestations are rheumatoid arthritis, sclero-
derma or systemic sclerosis, Sjogren syndrome, polymyositis/dermatomyositis,
systemic lupus erythematosis, mixed connective tissue disease, and undifferenti-
ated connective tissue disease. The most common histopathologic patterns of
CTD-related interstitial lung disease are nonspecific interstitial pneumonia, usual
interstitial pneumonia, organizing pneumonia, and lymphoid interstitial pneu-
monia. Drug treatment of CTDs can cause complications, including opportunistic
infection.
Imaging of Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis 1033
Andrea L. Magee, Steven M. Montner, Aliya Husain, Ayodeji Adegunsoye, Rekha Vij,
and Jonathan H. Chung
The management of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) depends on early iden-
tification of the disease process, which is complicated by its nonspecific clinical pre-
sentation in addition to variable and diverse laboratory and radiologic findings. HP is
the result of exposure and sensitization to myriad aerosolized antigens. HP develops
in the minority of antigenic exposures, and conversely has been documented in
patients with no identifiable exposure, complicating the diagnostic algorithm
significantly. Prompt diagnosis and early intervention are critical in slowing the
progression of irreversible parenchymal damage, and additionally in preserving
the quality of life of affected patients.
viii
Contents
Clinical-Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation of Smoking-Related Diffuse Parenchymal
Lung Disease 1047
Seth Kligerman, Teri J. Franks, and Jeffrey R. Galvin
The direct toxicity of cigarette smoke and the body s subsequent response to this
lung injury leads to a wide array of pathologic manifestations and disease states
that lead to both reversible and irreversible injury to the large airways, small airways,
alveolar walls, and alveolar spaces. These include emphysema, bronchitis, bron-
chiolitis, acute eosinophilic pneumonia, pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis,
respiratory bronchiolitis, desquamative interstitial pneumonia, and pulmonary
fibrosis. Although these various forms of injury have different pathologic and imaging
manifestations, they are all part of the spectrum of smoking-related diffuse paren-
chymal lung disease.
Current Update on Interstitial Lung Disease of Infancy: New Classification System,
Diagnostic Evaluation, Imaging Algorithms, Imaging Findings, and Prognosis 1065
Paul G. Thacker, Sara O. Vargas, Martha P. Fishman, Alicia M. Casey, and Edward Y. Lee
Childhood interstitial lung disease represents a rare and heterogeneous group of
diseases that can result in significant morbidity and mortality, some leading to death
during infancy. CT is the imaging test of choice. Although many CT findings are
nonspecific and a definitive diagnosis usually cannot be reached by CT alone, the
interpreting radiologist is instrumental in defining disease extent and refining the
diagnosis. Chest CTs are of key importance in guiding site selection for lung biopsy
and for following disease progression and response to treatment. Thus, from the
radiologist s perspective, ensuring maximal quality of CT imaging and interpretation
is paramount.
Imaging of Occupational Lung Disease 1077
Jay Champlin, Rachael Edwards, and Sudhakar Pipavath
Occupational lung diseases span a variety of pulmonary disorders caused by
inhalation of dusts or chemical antigens in a vocational setting. Included in these
are the classic mineral pneumoconioses of silicosis, coal worker s pneumoconiosis,
and asbestos-related diseases as well as many immune-mediated and airway-
centric diseases, and new and emerging disorders. Although some of these have
characteristic imaging appearances, a multidisciplinary approach with focus on
occupational exposure history is essential to proper diagnosis.
Pulmonary Vasculitis: Spectrum of Imaging Appearances 1097
Shamseldeen Mahmoud, Subha Ghosh, Carol Farver, Jason Lempel, Joseph Azok,
and Rahul D. Renapurkar
Video content accompanies this article at http://www.radiologic.theclinics.com.
Pulmonary vasculitis is a relatively uncommon disorder, usually manifesting as part
of systemic vasculitis. Imaging, specifically computed tomography, is often per-
formed in the initial diagnostic workup. Although the findings in vasculitis can be
nonspecific, they can provide important clues in the diagnosis, and guide the clinical
team toward the right diagnosis. Radiologists must have knowledge of common and
uncommon imaging findings in various vasculitides. Also, radiologists should be
able to integrate the clinical presentation and laboratory test findings together
with imaging features, so as to provide a meaningful differential diagnosis.
Contents ix
Imaging of Acute Lung Injury
Brett M. Elicker, Kirk T. Jones, David M. Naeger, and James A. Frank
Acute lung injury (ALI) is the clinical syndrome associated with histopathologic
diffuse alveolar damage. It is a common cause of acute respiratory symptoms and
admission to the intensive care unit. Diagnosis of ALI is typically based on clinical
and radiographic criteria; however, because these criteria can be nonspecific, diag-
nostic uncertainty is common. A multidisciplinary approach that synthesizes clinical,
imaging, and pathologic data can ensure an accurate diagnosis. Radiologists must
be aware of the radiographic and computed tomographic findings of ALI and its
mimics. This article discusses the multidisciplinary diagnosis of ALI from the
perspective of the imager.
Imaging of Pulmonary Hypertension
Christopher J. Francois and Mark L. Schiebler
Multimodality, noninvasive imaging is increasingly used in the identification and
management of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Chest radiography, ventilation-perfu-
sion scintigraphy, and Doppler echocardiography are frequently the initial studies
used to evaluate patients suspected of having PH. However, their ability to evaluate
the right ventricle (RV) and pulmonary vasculature is limited. Computed tomography
(CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging are increasingly used to identify causes
of PH and assess the effect of PH on RV function. This article describes the nonin-
vasive imaging techniques and findings, particularly CT and MR imaging, used in the
diagnosis and management of suspected or known PH.
Imaging of Eosinophilic Lung Diseases
Melissa Price, Matthew D. Gilman, Brett W. Carter, Bradley S. Sabloff, MyleneT. Truong,
and Carol C. Wu
Eosinophilic lung diseases encompass a broad range of conditions wherein patients
present with pulmonary opacities and eosinophilia of the serum, pulmonary tissue,
or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Many of these entities can be idiopathic or are sec-
ondary to parasitic infection, exposure to drugs, toxins, or radiation. These diseases
exhibit a wide range of imaging findings, including consolidation, ground-glass
opacities, nodules, and masses. Diagnoses often require bronchoalveolar lavage
and/or biopsy to confirm respiratory eosinophilia and to exclude other entities,
such as infection or malignancy. Treatment entails administration of corticosteroids,
removal of inciting agents, and treatment of underlying infection.
Imaging of Small Airways Diseases
Abigail V. Berniker and Travis S. Henry
Small airways diseases, or bronchiolitis, encompasses many conditions that result in
bronchiolar inflammation and/or fibrosis. Bronchioles are distal airways within sec-
ondary pulmonary lobules that are only visible on imaging when abnormal. High-res-
olution computed tomography plays an important role in diagnosing small airways
diseases. The predominant direct high-resolution computed tomography sign of
bronchiolitis includes centrilobular nodules, whereas air trapping is the main indirect
finding. This article reviews bronchiolar anatomy, discusses the differential diag-
nosis for cellular and constrictive bronchiolitis with a focus on key imaging features,
and discusses how to distinguish important mimics.
X
Contents
Imaging of Diseases of the Large Airways 1183
Brent P. Little and Phuong-Anh T. Duong
imaging of the large airways is key to the diagnosis and management of a wide
variety of congenital, infectious, malignant, and inflammatory diseases. Involvement
can be focal, regional, or diffuse, and abnormalities can take the form of masses,
thickening, narrowing, enlargement, or a combination of patterns. Recognition of
the typical morphologies, locations, and distributions of large airways disease is
central to an accurate imaging differential diagnosis.
Index
1205
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| title_full | Diffuse lung disease editor Jeffrey P. Kanne ; consulting editor Frank H. Miller |
| title_fullStr | Diffuse lung disease editor Jeffrey P. Kanne ; consulting editor Frank H. Miller |
| title_full_unstemmed | Diffuse lung disease editor Jeffrey P. Kanne ; consulting editor Frank H. Miller |
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