Old Kingdom copper tools and model tools:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Weitere Verfasser: | , , |
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Oxford
Archaeopress
[2016]
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Archaeopress Egyptology
14 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | xvi, 291 Seiten 256 Illustrationen und Diagramme |
| ISBN: | 9781784914424 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: Old Kingdom copper tools and model tools
Autor: Odler, Martin
Jahr: 2016
Contents
Acknowledgements......................................xv
List of Abbreviations.......................................xvi
Introduction................................................1
1. Limits of subject, chronology and chorology.....................................................................................................4
2. Tools and model tools in archaeological theory.................................................................................................7
3. Tools and toilet implements in Ancient Egypt - history of research.................................................................10
4. Definitions of artefacts.........................................13
4.1. Classification, morphology and chronology of artefacts.................................................................................13
4.1.1. Ancient Egyptian models........................................................................................................................14
4.1.2. Model and miniature tools.....................................................................................................................15
4.2. Semiotic triangle of meaning..........................................................................................................................19
4.3. Old Kingdom weights and measures applicable to tools................................................................................20
5. Research tools................................................................................................................................................23
5.1. Available research tools..................................................................................................................................23
5.2. Catalogue of contexts with Social status, titles (text by Veronika Duh kova)...................................................23
5.3. Catalogues of artefacts...................................................................................................................................27
6. Copper tools in Old Kingdom textual and iconographic sources.......................................................................29
6.1. Pr-h4-Treasury and metals........................................................................................................................... 30
6.2. Written sources...............................................................................................................................................31
6.2.1. Offering lists...........................................................................................................................................31
6.2.2. Copper tools in market scenes...............................................................................................................33
6.2.3. Inscribed Old Kingdom tools..................................................................................................................34
6.3. Iconographic sources - reliefs and palaeography..........................................................................................36
6.3.1. Sites with iconographic and written sources..........................................................................................38
6.3.1.1. Sites in Lower Egypt.......................................................................................................................38
6.3.1.2. Sites in Upper Egypt.......................................................................................................................
7. Archaeological sources - material culture.......................................................................................................94
7.1. Archaeological context of copper artefacts....................................................................................................54
7.1.1. Sites with findings of copper artefacts...................................................................................................54
7.1.1.1. Sites in Lower Egypt.......................................................................................................................54
7.1.1.2. Memphite region...........................................................................................................................94
7.1.1.3. Sites in Upper Egypt.......................................................................................................................83
7.1.1.4. Sites in Nubia.................................................................................................................................97
7.1.1.5. Sites in the Levant..........................................................................................................................97
8. Tools and toilet implements...........................................................................................................................98
8.1. Stonework, timberwork, carpentry and sculpture tools.................................................................................98
8.1.1. Chisels..................................................................................................................................................103
8.1.1.1. Chisels before the Old Kingdom..................................................................................................308
8.1.1.2. Semiotic definition of the tool(s).................................................................................................109
8.1.1.3. Database entry and general descriptive statistics.......................................................................114
8.1.1.4. Flat chisels...................................................................................................................................116
8.1.1.5. Cross-cut chisels..........................................................................................................................121
8.1.1.6. Picks.............................................................................................................................................123
8.1.1.7. Outlines of chronology................................................................................................................123
8.1.1.8. Analyses.......................................................................................................................................127
8.1.1.9. Near Eastern and Aegean analogies............................................................................................127
8.1.2. Adzes....................................................................................................................................................128
8.1.2.1. Adzes before the Old Kingdom....................................................................................................129
129
8.1.2.2. Semiotic definition of the tool.....................................................129
8.1.2.3. Database entry and general descriptive statistics.......................................................................140
8.1.2.4. Type A: plain adzes with flat butt..................................140
8.1.2.5. Type B: plain adzes with rounded butt......................140
8.1.2.6. Type C: necked adzes with flat butt.................140
8.1.2.7. Type D: necked adzes with butt.........................140
8.1.2.8. Outlines of chronology...........................................142
8.1.2.9. Adzes in archaeological contexts............................................144
8.1.2.10. Tool traces.............................................144
8.1.2.11. Analyses..............................145
8.1.2.12. Near Eastern analogies....................................145
8.1.3. Axes....................................... 146
8.1.3.1. Semiotic definition of the artefact....................................146
8.1.3.2. Database entry and general descriptive statistics...............................148
8.1.3.3. Type A: plain forms.....................................150
8.1.3.4. Type B: single-perforation forms..............................154
8.1.3.5. Type C: lugged forms..........................................154
8.1.3.6. Battle axes............................156
8.1.3.7. Outlines of chronology..........................156
8.1.3.8. Axes in archaeological contexts...................................................................................................158
8.1.3.9. Analyses.......................................................................................................................................160
8.1.3.10. Near Eastern analogies..............................................................................................................160
8.1.4. Saws.....................................................................................................................................................160
8.1.4.1. Saws before the Old Kingdom......................................162
8.1.4.2. Semiotic definition of the tool.....................................................................................................162
8.1.4.3. Database entry and general descriptive statistics.......................................................................163
8.1.4.4. Type A: Symmetrical saw blades..................................................................................................167
8.1.4.5. Type B: Asymmetrical saw blades with tang................................................................................168
8.1.4.6. Type C: Asymmetrical saw blades with handles and without tang..............................................168
8.1.4.7. Outlines of chronology................................................................................................................168
8.1.4.8. Saws in archaeological contexts..................................................................................................169
8.1.4.9. Analyses.......................................................................................................................................169
8.1.4.10. Near Eastern analogies..............................................................................................................170
8.1.5. Drills.....................................................................................................................................................170
8.1.6. Wedges.................................................................................................................................................173
3.2. Cosmetic tool kit...........................................................................................................................................173
8.2.1. Razors...................................................................................................................................................175
8.2.1.1. Razors before the Old Kingdom...................................................................................................175
8.2.1.2. Semiotic definition of the tool.....................................................................................................176
8.2.1.3. Database entry and general descriptive statistics.......................................................................176
8.2.1.4. Type A: symmetrical razor blades without a tang.......................................................................178
8.2.1.5. Type B: symmetrical razor blades with a tang made together with blade...................................179
8.2.1.6. Type C: symmetrical razor blades with an attached tang............................................................179
8.2.1.7. Outlines of chronology...................................180
8.2.1.8. Razors in archaeological contexts...............................181
8.2.1.9. Analyses................................181
8.2.1.10. Near Eastern analogies.......................181
8.2.2. Mirrors..................................181
8.2.2.1. Semiotic definition of the artefact................................181
8.2.2.2. Database entry and general descriptive statistics........................185
8.2.2.3. Variants.......................186
8.2.2.4. Outlines of chronology.................................190
8.2.2.5. Mirrors in archaeological contexts............................190
8.2.2.6. Analyses.................................192
8.2.2.7. Near Eastern analogies... .....................192
8.2.3. Tweezers............................193
8.2.4. Hair curlers....................................194
8.2.5. Kohl-sticks....................................194
8.2.6. Cosmetic tool kit from Mahasna..................................194
8.3. Textile and leatherworktool kit......................194
8.3.1. Needles.................................195
8.3.1.1.Semiotic definition of the artefact...............................195
8.3.1.2. Database entry and general descriptive statistics.................................................................... 195
8.3.1.3. Variants.........................195
8.3.1.4. Outlines of chronology.................................196
8.3.1.5. Needles in archaeological contexts...............................196
8.3.1.6. Near Eastern analogies..................................196
8.3.2. Awls......................................... 196
8.3.3. Pins............................................ 197
8.4. Hunting and food processing tool kit........................................198
8.4.1. Fish-hooks.................................... 198
8.4.1.1. Semiotic definition of the artefact.............................................................................................. 198
8.4.1.2. Database entry and general descriptive statistics..................................................................... 198
8.4.1.3. Variants....................................................................................................................................... 198
8.4.1.4. Chronology and archaeology......................................................................................................198
8.4.1.5. Near Eastern analogies................................................................................................................199
8.4.2. Harpoons..............................................................................................................................................200
8.4.2.1. Semiotic definition of the artefact...............................................................................................200
8.4.2.2. Variants, chronology and archaeological contexts..................................................................... 201
8.4.3. Knives.................................................................................................................................................. 201
8.4.3.1. Semiotic definition of the artefact.............................................................................................. 203
8.4.3.2. Outlines of morphology and chronology................................................................................... 204
8.4.3.3. Type A - knives with a blunt back, one-sided edge and a tang................................................. 205
8.4.3.4. Type B - knives with a straight back and an incorporated handle.............................................. 205
8.4.3.5. Type C - leather-cutting knives...................................................................................................205
8.5. Agricultural tools: sickles, hoes.......................... 206
8.6. Cosmetic spatulas - Old Kingdom ingots?....................................... 207
8.7. Weapons..............................................207
8.7.1. Arrowheads.................................. 208
8.7.1.1. Results of previous research.................................208
8.7.1.2. Semiotic definition of the artefact....................................208
8.7.1.3. Outlines of morphology and chronology.........................208
8.7.1.4. Near Eastern analogies....................208
8.7.2. Spearheads...........................................................................................................................................208
8.7.2.1. Results of previous research........................................................................................................208
8.7.2.2. Semiotic definition of the artefact...............................................................................................209
8.7.2.3. Outlines of typology and chronology..........................................................................................209
8.7.2.4. Near Eastern analogies................................................................................................................209
8.7.3. Daggers................................................................................................................................................209
8.7.3.1. Results of previous research........................................................................................................209
8.7.3.2. Semiotic definition of the artefact...............................................................................................210
8.7.3.3. Outlines of morphology and chronology.....................................................................................210
8.8. Tools of unknown use...................................................................................................................................210
8.8.1.1. Forked object from the pyramid of Khufu...................................................................................210
8.8.1.2. Unfinished chisel from Balat........................................................................................................211
8.8.1.3. Fan-shaped object from Dendera................................................................................................211
8.9. Other objects................................................................................................................................................211
9. Towards a semiosis of tools in the Old Kingdom culture................................................................................212
9.1. Contexts with full-size tools..........................................................................................................................217
9.1.1. Settlement and temple contexts..........................................................................................................217
9.1.2. Finds out of context.............................................................................................................................218
9.1.3. Full-size tools vs. models and their technological changes..................................................................218
9.2. Contexts with model tools............................................................................................................................219
9.2.1. Funerary archaeological contexts.........................................................................................................220
9.2.1.1. Tools and model tools in royal tombs..........................................................................................220
9.2.1.2. Tools and model tools in non-royal tombs..................................................................................221
9.2.1.3. Contents of tool assemblages from in situ burials.......................................................................225
9.2.1.4. Tools in shaft graves and grave pits.............................................................................................227
9.2.1.5. Tertiary contexts..........................................................................................................................229
9.2.2. Morphology of artefacts - secondary changes....................................................................................229
9.2.3. Model tools: interpretations................................................................................................................231
9.2.3.1. Tools and the patron - craftsman relationship and its religious meaning...................................231
9.2.3.2. Model tools in female burials......................................................................................................232
9.2.3.3. Social status and comparison of tool kits (text by Martin Odler and Veronika Dulikova)............233
9.2.3.4. Copper and the production of burial equipment........................................................................234
9.2.3.5. Tool variables and their interpretation........................................................................................235
10. Conclusion..................................................................................................................................................236
10.1. Tasks for future research.............................................................................................................................237
11. Case studies............................................238
11.1. Archaeometallurgical study of copper alloy tools and model tools from the Old Kingdom necropolis at Giza.......238
Jin Kmosek - Martin Odler - Tereza Jamborova - Sarka Msallamova -
Katerina Salkova - Martina Kmonicková
Introduction...........................238
Arsenic copper alloys..........................................238
Corrosion deterioration of artefacts ...................................................................................................................240
Methodology.......................................................................................................................................................240
X-Ray diffraction analysis ....................................................................................................................................241
Optical microscopy..............................................................................................................................................241
Energy dispersive X-Ray fluorescence spectrometry ..........................................................................................241
Scanning electron microscopy with X-Ray energy dispersive analyser ...............................................................241
Vickers micro hardness testing............................................................................................................................241
Results and discussion ........................................................................................................................................242
Corrosion deterioration.......................................................................................................................................242
Alloy composition ...............................................................................................................................................245
Microstructural characterization.........................................................................................................................246
Conclusion ..........................................................................................................................................................248
11.2. Morphometries and statistical case study of Old Kingdom adze blades....................................................248
Martin Odler and Jan Dupej
Introduction.........................................................................................................................................................248
Related work..................................................................................................................................................252
Material and methods..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................252
Results and discussion................................................................................................................................................................................................................................253
Form..........................................................................................................................................................253
Shape.........................256
Social status..........................................................................................................................................................257
Conclusion......................................................................................................................................257
11.3. Dating of archaeological contexts from the Memphite necropolis with copper tools and model tools based
on assemblages of model stone vessels....................................................................................................261
Lucie Jiraskova
11.4. Dating of select Old Kingdom archaeological contexts in the Memphite region based on ceramic finds ..264
|
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| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-029290694 |
| oclc_num | 967904338 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-12 DE-188 |
| owner_facet | DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-12 DE-188 |
| physical | xvi, 291 Seiten 256 Illustrationen und Diagramme |
| psigel | gbd_3_1811 |
| publishDate | 2016 |
| publishDateSearch | 2016 |
| publishDateSort | 2016 |
| publisher | Archaeopress |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Archaeopress Egyptology |
| series2 | Archaeopress Egyptology |
| spelling | Odler, Martin (DE-588)1225315190 aut Old Kingdom copper tools and model tools Martin Odler ; with contributions by Jiři Kmošek, Ján Dupej, Katarína Arias Kytnarová [und 6 weiteren Personen] Oxford Archaeopress [2016] xvi, 291 Seiten 256 Illustrationen und Diagramme txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Archaeopress Egyptology 14 Geschichte 2700 v. Chr.-2100 v. Chr. gnd rswk-swf Kupfer (DE-588)4033734-0 gnd rswk-swf Werkzeug (DE-588)4065596-9 gnd rswk-swf Ägypten Altertum (DE-588)4068430-1 gnd rswk-swf Kupfer (DE-2581)TH000007690 gbd Ägypten, Zeit der Pharaonen (DE-2581)TH000003385 gbd Ägypten Altertum (DE-588)4068430-1 g Kupfer (DE-588)4033734-0 s Werkzeug (DE-588)4065596-9 s Geschichte 2700 v. Chr.-2100 v. Chr. z DE-604 Kmošek, Jiři (DE-588)1136960589 ctb Dupej, Ján ctb Arias Kytnarová, Katarína ca. 20./21. Jh. (DE-588)1082538795 ctb erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, PDF 978-1-78491-443-1 Archaeopress Egyptology 14 (DE-604)BV042045921 14 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029290694&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Odler, Martin Old Kingdom copper tools and model tools Archaeopress Egyptology Kupfer (DE-588)4033734-0 gnd Werkzeug (DE-588)4065596-9 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4033734-0 (DE-588)4065596-9 (DE-588)4068430-1 |
| title | Old Kingdom copper tools and model tools |
| title_auth | Old Kingdom copper tools and model tools |
| title_exact_search | Old Kingdom copper tools and model tools |
| title_full | Old Kingdom copper tools and model tools Martin Odler ; with contributions by Jiři Kmošek, Ján Dupej, Katarína Arias Kytnarová [und 6 weiteren Personen] |
| title_fullStr | Old Kingdom copper tools and model tools Martin Odler ; with contributions by Jiři Kmošek, Ján Dupej, Katarína Arias Kytnarová [und 6 weiteren Personen] |
| title_full_unstemmed | Old Kingdom copper tools and model tools Martin Odler ; with contributions by Jiři Kmošek, Ján Dupej, Katarína Arias Kytnarová [und 6 weiteren Personen] |
| title_short | Old Kingdom copper tools and model tools |
| title_sort | old kingdom copper tools and model tools |
| topic | Kupfer (DE-588)4033734-0 gnd Werkzeug (DE-588)4065596-9 gnd |
| topic_facet | Kupfer Werkzeug Ägypten Altertum |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029290694&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV042045921 |
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