Geographic information systems and science: a concise handbook of spatial data handling, representation, and computation
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Don Mills, Ontario, Canada
Oxford University Press
[2016]
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| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Klappentext |
| Beschreibung: | xi, 380 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten |
| ISBN: | 9780199003631 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Geographic information systems and science |b a concise handbook of spatial data handling, representation, and computation |c Steven A. Roberts and Colin Robertson |
| 264 | 1 | |a Don Mills, Ontario, Canada |b Oxford University Press |c [2016] | |
| 300 | |a xi, 380 Seiten |b Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804176772902682624 |
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| adam_text | Preface ix
Chapter 1 ; Introduction
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Development of GIS: People and Institutions 1
1.3 Abstracting and Formalizing Geographic Information 4
1.3.1 Data Models 5
1.3.2 Algorithms 7
1.4 O What Is Special about Spatial? 7
1.4.1 Spatial versus Geographic—Patterns and Processes 7
1.4.2 Time and Geographic Information 9
Chapter 2 j Geographic Data Acquisition
2.1 Introduction 12
2.2 Remotely Sensed Data 12
2.2.1 Aerial Photography 13
2.2.2 Earth Observation Sensors 18
2.2.3 Properties of Remotely Sensed imagery 26
2.2.4 Handling Remotely Sensed Geographic Data in GIS 27
2.2.5 Radiometric Processing 28
2.2.6 Geometric Processing 28
2.2.7 Remote Sensing Data Compression 30
2.2.8 Selecting Remotely Sensed imagery 34
2.3 Global Positioning Systems 35
2.3.1 History of GPS Technology 35
2.3.2 How GPS Works 35
2.3.3 Handling GPS Data in GIS 38
2.4 Converting Analogue Geographic Information 40
2.5 Q Synthesizing Existing Geographic Information 40
2.5.1 Metadata and Geographic Information 40
2.6 o Volunteered Geographic Information 43
2.7 UAVs and DIY Geography 44
Chapter 3 | Coordinate Systems and Frames of Reference
3.1 introduction 47
3.2 Lumpy Ellipsoidal Earth, Flat Maps, and Projections 47
3.3 Datums 53
3.4 Datum Transformations 55
3.4.1 Geocentric Datum Transformations 55
3.4.2 Ellipsoidal Datum Transformations 56
3.4.3 Grid-based Transformations 58
3.5 Map Projections and Spatial Reference Systems 60
3.5.1 Deformation Characteristics 63
3.5.2 Projected Surface Characteristics 64
3.5.3 Map Projection Methods 66
3.6 O Scale and Frames of Reference 73
Chapter 4 j Geographic Data Models
4.1 Introduction 77
4.2 Raster 77
4.2.1 Basic 77
4.2.2 Geometry 77
4.2.3 Attributes 78
4.2.4 Topology 79
4.2.5 Assumptions 79
4.2.6 Geometric Processing 79
4.3 Vector 81
4.3.1 Basic 81
4.3.2 Geometry 81
4.3.3 Attributes 82
4.3.4 Topology 82
4.3.5 Assumptions 83
4.3.6 Geometric Processing 83
4.4 Dual Vector 84
4.5 Other Models 85
4.6 Transforming Between Representations 85
4.6.1 Raster to Vector and Back 85
4.6.2 © General Transformations 90
4.7 Revisiting Standard Models: Topology, Embedding, and Oriented
Matroids 94
4.7.1 Computer Aided Drawing/Drafting/Design (CAD) 94
4.7.2 Geographic Information Systems (GIS) 95
4.7.3 Cellular Automata 108
4.7.4 $ Oriented Matroids 109
Chapter 5 | Geographic Representation and Data Modelling
5.1 Introduction 114
5.2 Relational Databases and GIS 114
5.2.1 Emergence of RDBMS in GIS 118
5.2.2 Entity-Relationship Modelling 120
5.2.3 Generating Candidate Tables and Database Normalization 125
5.3 Objects and GIS 129
5.3.1 Key Concepts in Object Orientation 129
5.4 Object-Relational Databases 133
5.5 Database Storage 133
5.5.1 Data Types 133
5.6 Database Access and Manipulation 137
5.6.1 Structured Query Language (SQL) 137
5.6.2 Procedures, Triggers, and the Like 141
5.6.3 Spatial Indexing 142
5.6.4 Geographic Time-Series 143
5.7 Next-generation Databases for GIS 145
5.7.1 Document-storage Databases 3nd NoSQL 145
5.7.2 Crowdsourcing: the Undatabase 146
Chapter 6 j Geographic Data Editing
6.1 Introduction 148
6.2 Editing Geographic Data Globally 148
6.2.1 Linear Transformation 148
6.2.2 Rubbersheeting 151
6.2.3 Generalization 152
6.3 Editing Feature Geometry 158
6.3.1 Detecting Errors 159
6.3.2 Fuzzy Tolerance and Snapping Features 161
6.3.3 Complex Geometry: Island Polygons, Donut Holes, and Measures 162
6.3.4 Multi-user Editing and Version Control Systems 162
6.4 Map Conflation 163
Chapter 7 | Error and Uncertainty in Geographic Information
7.1 Introduction 165
7.2 Samples and Populations: Statistical Inference in Geographic Analysis 165
7.3 Geographic Patterns as the Outcome of Stochastic Processes 169
7.4 Spatial Data Error, Uncertainty, and Spatial Data Quality 173
7.4.1 Vector Positional Accuracy 174
7.4.2 Raster Positional Accuracy 179
7.4.3 Attribute Accuracy 179
7.4.4 Completeness 186
7.5 Error Propagation in Geographic Analysis 186
7.6 Fuzzy Geography 188
7.7 Topological Error 189
Chapter 8 i GeoComputation
8.1 Introduction 191
8.2 Algorithms 191
8.2.1 Line Segment Intersection 191
8.2.2 Point in Polygon 194
8.2.3 Convex Hulls 196
8.2.4 Voronoi Diagrams 198
8.2.5 Shortest Path Dijkstra s Algorithm 201
8.3 Computational Issues 204
8.3.1 Finite Precision Storage and Overflow Errors and Rounding Errors 204
8.3.2 Supercomputing 209
Chapter 9 ! Geographic Measures
9.1 Introduction 210
9.2 Scales of Measurement 210
9.2.1 Nominal 210
9.2.2 Ordinal 210
9.2.3 Interval 211
9.2.4 Ratio 211
9.3 Central Tendency and Dispersion (ID and 2D) 211
9.3.1 Central Tendency ID 212
9.3.2 Dispersion ID 215
9.3.3 Central Tendency 2D 220
9.3.4 Dispersion 2D 224
9.4 © Measuring Geographic Patterns 229
9.4.1 Point Patterns 229
9.4.2 Spatial Autocorrelation 245
9.4.3 Landscape Metrics 261
Chapter 10 i Geographic Relationships
10.1 Introduction 263
10.2 Basic Measures of Geographic Relationships and Forms 263
10.2.1 Distance 263
10.2.2 Direction 266
10.2.3 Adjacency 269
10.2.4 Interaction 269
10.2.5 Neighbourhood 270
10.2.6 Area 270
10.3 © Advanced Measures of Geographic Relationships and Forms 272
10.3.1 Shape 272
10.3.2 Dimension 275
10.3.3 Connectivity Measures for a Connected Planar Graph 281
Chapter 11 ) Geographic Analysis
11.1 Introduction 285
11.2 The Algebra of Analysis 285
11.2.1 Boolean Algebra 285
11.2.2 Map Algebra 286
11.3 © Analyzing Geographic Patterns 287
11.3.1 Recognizing and Classifying Geographic Patterns 287
11.3.2 Generating New Patterns from Existing Geographic Patterns 295
11.3.3 Extracting Optimal Information from Geographic Patterns 319
Chapter 12 | Emerging Trends in Geographic Information
12.1 Introduction 325
12.2 Data Acquisition 325
12.3 Data Modelling 329
12.4 GIS, Data, and Society 334
Appendix I | Mathematical Notation and Terminology 337
1.1 Sets 337
1.2 Summation 338
1.3 Vectors and Matrices 340
1.4 Mathematical Expectation 342
Appendix II | Mathematical Graphs 344
11.1 Prim’s Algorithm for Finding a Minimum Spanning Tree (MST) 346
11.2 Euler’s Equation 347
Appendix III | Why (ft— 1) and not n in ,s2? 348
Appendix IV | Details on Information Measure 353
Appendix V | Rotation Transformation 355
V.l The Basic Result 355
V.2 The Double Angle Formulas 356
V.3 Sine and Cosine Definitions 357
Appendix VI j Projections and Transformations
VI. 1 The Rotational Ellipsoid 358
VI.2 Ellipsoidal Geographic Coordinates 359
References 367
Index 372
Glossary Online
Adopting a critical approach and highlighting many of the common research challenges
of the field, Geographic Information Systems and Science helps students understand
how gis enables the digital representation of the Earth’s forms, patterns, and processes.
Designed for users already familiar with gis, this concise handbook invites students to
think broadly about the assumptions embedded in Gis practice today in order to make
superior, critically informed decisions in their future studies and careers.
O A concise format provides clear, straightforward coverage of the key ideas
and applications of gis that students need to grasp.
□ Advanced coverage prepares students interested in the fundamental
research challenges facing the field for higher study in gis.
a Canadian and international examples give students the opportunity to
apply what they learn to familiar situations, processes, and landforms.
□ A chapter on emerging trends offers cutting-edge insight into promising
advancements in the acquisition, handling, and use of geographic
information.
□ Extensive graphs, illustrations, tables, and formulas help students
visualize and interpret complex concepts and relationships.
□ A centralized reference guide consisting of five appendices covers
information gis practitioners need to consult regularly, including details on
mathematical notation and terminology, mathematical graphs, information
measure, and rotation transformation.
□ An online suite of resources designed to be used in conjunction with the
text gives students the opportunity to test their comprehension by working
through carefully constructed exercises and questions.
|
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| spelling | Roberts, Steven A. 1963- Verfasser (DE-588)1120040922 aut Geographic information systems and science a concise handbook of spatial data handling, representation, and computation Steven A. Roberts and Colin Robertson Don Mills, Ontario, Canada Oxford University Press [2016] xi, 380 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Geoinformationssystem (DE-588)4261642-6 gnd rswk-swf Geoinformationssystem (DE-588)4261642-6 s DE-604 Robertson, Colin Verfasser (DE-588)107123142 aut Digitalisierung UB Augsburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029288644&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung UB Augsburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029288644&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext |
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| title | Geographic information systems and science a concise handbook of spatial data handling, representation, and computation |
| title_auth | Geographic information systems and science a concise handbook of spatial data handling, representation, and computation |
| title_exact_search | Geographic information systems and science a concise handbook of spatial data handling, representation, and computation |
| title_full | Geographic information systems and science a concise handbook of spatial data handling, representation, and computation Steven A. Roberts and Colin Robertson |
| title_fullStr | Geographic information systems and science a concise handbook of spatial data handling, representation, and computation Steven A. Roberts and Colin Robertson |
| title_full_unstemmed | Geographic information systems and science a concise handbook of spatial data handling, representation, and computation Steven A. Roberts and Colin Robertson |
| title_short | Geographic information systems and science |
| title_sort | geographic information systems and science a concise handbook of spatial data handling representation and computation |
| title_sub | a concise handbook of spatial data handling, representation, and computation |
| topic | Geoinformationssystem (DE-588)4261642-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Geoinformationssystem |
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