The right to silence in transnational criminal proceedings: comparative law perspectives
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
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Springer
[2016]
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| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Klappentext |
| Beschreibung: | XV, 372 Seiten |
| ISBN: | 9783319420332 |
Internformat
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a The right to silence in transnational criminal proceedings |b comparative law perspectives |c Fenella M. W. Billing |
| 264 | 1 | |a [Cham] |b Springer |c [2016] | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804176734379048960 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Part I The Right to Silence in Context
1 Introduction........................................................... 3
1.1 A Problem of Balance............................................ 4
1.2 The Right to Silence and the Right Against Self-Incrimination... 6
1.2.1 Protecting the Right to Choose to Speak or to
Remain Silence .......................................... 7
1.2.2 The Right to Withhold Self-Incriminating Information
as a Part of the Right to Silence........................ 8
1.2.3 The Right to Silence and the Criminal Justice Process ... 12
1.3 Methodology.................................................... 13
1.3.1 Comparative Analysis Based on the Functional
Method.................................................. 13
1.3.2 The Human Rights Frameworks and Systems of Law
Under Comparison...................................... 15
1.3.3 Legal Sources and Interpretation....................... 20
1.3.4 Scope of the Research.................................. 30
1.3.5 Terminology.............................................. 33
1.4 The Importance of the Right to Silence in Transnational
Cases.......................................................... 37
Appendix......................................................... 39
References........................................................... 41
2 Development of the Right to Silence in International Human
Rights Law......................................................... 43
2.1 Introduction................................................... 43
2.2 Fair Trial Rights and the Right to Silence Under the ICCPR .... 46
2.2.1 The ICCPR Framework...................................... 46
2.2.2 The Scope of the Right to Silence Under the ICCPR .... 50
IX
X
Contents
2.3 A Fair Trial and the Right to Silence Under the ECHR ........ 54
2.3.1 The ECHR: A Regional Framework for Human Rights
Protection.................................................. 54
2.3.2 The Scope of the Right to Silence Under the ECHR .... 65
2.4 Conclusion.......................................................... 89
References................................................................ 92
Part II National Perspectives on the Right to Silence
3 The Right to Silence in Denmark..................................... 97
3.1 Introduction........................................................ 97
3.2 Human Rights Protection in Denmark................................. 100
3.2.1 The Danish Constitution (Grundloven). ................ 100
3.2.2 The European Convention on Human Rights............... 101
3.2.3 The EU Charter of Fundamental Rights...................... 103
3.2.4 Denmark’s International Human Rights Obligations . . . . 104
3.3 The Right to Silence and the Right Against
Self-Incrimination............................................... 105
3.4 The Application of Fair Trial Rights in Pre-trial Proceedings . . . 105
3.4.1 Sigtelse (Charging)......................................... 105
3.4.2 Arrest...................................................... 107
3.5 Police Questioning and the Right to Silence ....................... 108
3.5.1 Cautioning About the Right to Silence Prior to
Questioning................................................. 108
3.5.2 The Sigtet Person’s Access to Legal Advice Prior
to a Police Interview....................................... 110
3.5.3 Written Record of Interview................................. 116
3.6 Adverse Inferences of Guilt and the Right to Silence............... 117
3.6.1 Free Evaluation of Evidence on the Question of Guilt... 117
3.6.2 Drawing Adverse Inferences from Silence of the
Sigtet or the Tiltalt....................................... 118
3.6.3 Producing Evidence of the Interview When the Tiltalt
Remains Silent at Trial..................................... 120
3.6.4 Drawing Adverse Inferences from the Lies of the
Sigtet or Tiltalt......................................... 121
3.7 Administrative Questioning Powers.................................. 121
3.7.1 The Use of Coercive Measures in Administrative
Investigations.............................................. 121
3.7.2 Compulsory Powers and the Right Against Self-
Incrimination—§ 10.......................................... 122
3.7.3 Ruling Out That Criminal Law Evidence Will Be
Obtained.................................................... 124
3.7.4 What Is a Concrete Suspicion?............................... 125
3.7.5 Valid Consent to Provide Self-Incriminating
Information—§ 10(3)......................................... 126
Contents
xi
3.7.6 The Obligation of Registered Vehicle Owners
to Provide Information............................... 128
3.7.7 Using Other Coercive Measures in Cases Where There
Is a Concrete Suspicion of Criminal Offending—§ 9 . . . . 129
3.8 Covert Surveillance and Confessions......................... 130
3.8.1 Invasions of Secret Communications................... 130
3.8.2 Appointment of Intrusion Lawyers—§ 784 AJA . ........ 131
3.8.3 Urgent or Out of Time Measures—§§ 783(4) and
746(3) AJA............................................. 131
3.8.4 Evidence Obtained Coincidentally—§789 AJA.............. 133
3.9 The Principle of Material Truth and Admissibility of
Confession Evidence........................................... 133
3.9.1 The Principle of Material Truth and the Administration
of Justice Act....................................... 133
3.9.2 Judicial Decisions About the Legality of Investigative
Measures—§ 746(1) AJA.................................. 136
3.9.3 Admissibility of Accidentally Discovered Evidence
Under § 789(3) AJA..................................... 137
3.9.4 Judicial Discretion to Exclude Evidence................ 138
3.9.5 Exclusion of Evidence Obtained in Breach of the Right
to Silence and the Right Against Self-Incrimination.. 141
3.9.6 The Relevance of Disciplinary and Criminal Actions to
Exclusion of Evidence.................................. 144
3.10 Conclusion.................................................... 144
References......................................................... 148
4 The Right to Silence in England and Wales.......................... 151
4.1 Introduction............................................... 151
4.2 The Human Rights Framework in England and Wales............. 154
4.2.1 The Human Rights Act 1998 and Incorporation
of the ECHR............................................ 154
4.2.2 The Interrelationship Between Convention Rights,
Statute, Codes of Practice and the Common Law........ 156
4.2.3 The EU Charter of Fundamental Rights and Domestic
Law in the UK.......................................... 158
4.2.4 England and Wales’ International Obligations
Under the ICCPR........................................ 159
4.3 The Right to Silence in England and Wales..................... 159
4.4 Police Questioning and the Right to Silence................... 163
4.4.1 Initial Questioning Without Arrest................... 163
4.4.2 Arrest and Questioning................................. 164
4.4.3 Interviewing........................................... 166
4.4.4 Recording of Interviews . ............................. 167
4.4.5 Charging and Legal Representation...................... 168
r
xii Contents
4.5 Inferences of Guilt and the Right to Silence.................. 169
4.5.1 Drawing Adverse Inferences from the Silence of the
Accused............................................... 169
4.5.2 Lies by the Accused, Untrue Alibi and Adverse
Inferences............................................. 177
4.6 Administrative Questioning Powers in Serious or Complex
Fraud Cases................................................... 178
4.6.1 The Legitimacy of Applying Administrative Questioning
Powers in the Pre-trial Phase........................ 180
4.6.2 The Admissibility of Incriminating Answers Obtained
Under Compulsion...................................... 181
4.6.3 The Admissibility of Real Derivative Evidence.......... 183
4.7 Obtaining Confession Evidence by Covert Surveillance
Measures...................................................... 184
4.8 Judicial Discretion to Exclude Unlawfully or Unfairly
Obtained Confession Evidence................................ 186
4.8.1 Admissibility of Confessions—Mandatory Exclusion
Under s. 76 Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984.... 188
4.8.2 Judicial Discretion to Exclude Evidence of a Confession
on the Ground of Unfairness—s. 78 Police and Criminal
Evidence Act 1984................................... 188
4.8.3 Common Law Discretion to Exclude Evidence—Probative
Value Versus Prejudicial Effect........................ 193
4.9 Conclusion................................................... 194
References.......................................................... 198
5 The Right to Silence in Australia.................................... 199
5.1 Introduction.................................................. 199
5.2 The Human Rights Framework in Australia....................... 201
5.2.1 National Obligations Under the ICCPR................... 202
5.2.2 Federal Institutions and Legislation Establishing
the Rule of Law........................................ 202
5.2.3 State Protection of Human Rights in Specialised
Human Rights Legislation............................... 203
5.2.4 Uniform Evidence Law Harmonising Procedural
Rights at Federal and State Levels..................... 204
5.2.5 The Common Law as a Source of Domestic Law
About the Right to a Fair Trial....................... 205
5.2.6 The Interrelationship Between Federal Law, State Law
and the Common Law.................................... 206
5.3 The Right to Silence in Australian Law........................ 206
5.3.1 The Composite Right to Silence......................... 206
5.3.2 The Right Against Self-Incrimination in the Uniform
Evidence Law........................................... 207
F
Contents Alil
54 Police Questioning and the Right to Silence..................... 209
5.4.1 Investigative Authority to Make Initial Enquiries..... 209
5.4.2 Cautioning and Persistent Questioning................... 209
5.4.3 Arrest.................................................. 210
5.4.4 Access to Legal Advice.................................. 211
5.4.5 Interviewing............................................ 213
5.4.6 Recording Police Interviews Between the Suspect
and the Investigating Authorities................. 214
5.5 Adverse Inferences of Guilt and the Right to Silence........... 217
5.5.1 Drawing Adverse Inferences When the Accused
Remains Silent........................................ 217
5.5.2 Drawing Adverse Inferences from Lies Told by
the Accused............................................. 223
5.6 Compulsory Questioning Powers in Australia..................... 226
5.6.1 Compulsory Questioning Powers and the Right Against
Self-Incrimination.................................... 226
5.6.2 Compulsory Questioning Powers and Derivative Real
Evidence................................................ 232
5.7 Covert Surveillance to Obtain Confession Evidence.............. 233
5.7.1 Covert Surveillance and Deception....................... 233
5.7.2 Warrants............................................ 234
5.8 The Exclusion of Confession Evidence and Fairness.............. 235
5.8.1 Judicial Exclusion of Confession Evidence............... 235
5.8.2 The Unfairness Discretion to Exclude Confession
Evidence.............................................. 237
5.8.3 Exclusion of Evidence for Public Policy Reasons......... 242
5.8.4 Overlap Between s. 90 and s. 138........................ 245
5.8.5 Gravity of Offending and Exclusion of Confession
Evidence................................................ 248
5.9 Conclusion..................................................... 251
References........................................................... 254
Part III Transnational and International Perspectives on the Right to
Silence
6 Admissibility of Confession Evidence Across Borders:
A Transnational Perspective.......................................... 257
6.1 Introduction............................................... 257
6.2 Pre-Trial Due Process Requirements in Transnational
Proceedings.................................................... 259
6.2.1 The Right To Be Cautioned and to Audio-Recording:
Denmark, England and Australia.......................... 259
6.2.2 Access to Legal Assistance and Other Pre-Trial Due
Process Requirements.................................... 262
6.2.3 Effective Requests for Police Questioning............... 268
XIV
Contents
6.3 Cross-Admissibility of Statements Obtained Under Compulsory
Powers...................................................... 273
6.3.1 National Compulsory Information-Gathering Powers .... 273
6.3.2 Cross-Admissibility of Statements Obtained by Direct
Regulatory Compulsion................................... 275
6.3.3 Using Compulsory Information Gathering to Obtain
Derivative Real Evidence................................ 277
6.4 Cross-Admissibility of Confession Evidence Obtained by
Unlawful Covert Surveillance................................. . 278
6.4.1 Using Covert Surveillance to Listen to Private
Conversations........................................... 278
6.4.2 Exclusion of Confessions Obtained by Unlawful
Covert Surveillance..................................... 279
6.4.3 Maintaining Fairness: A Comparative View................ 282
6.5 Conclusion................................................... 285
References......................................................... 291
7 Mutual Trust and the Right to Silence in International
Cooperation ....................................................... 293
7.1 Introduction................................................ 293
7.2 Investigative and Prosecutorial Approaches to Procedural
Rights in Transnational Cases.................................. 296
7.2.1 International Cooperation as Prosecutorial Tool......... 296
7.2.2 Contextual Realities and Different Approaches to
Utilising International Cooperation..................... 297
7.3 Judicial Approaches to Confession Evidence Obtained Abroad. . . 301
7.3.1 Transferring Confession Evidence Between States
Within the Same Regional Human Rights Framework:
The ECHR................................................ 301
7.3.2 Transferring Confession Evidence Between States Not
Operating Within the Same Regional Human Rights
Framework............................................... 308
7.4 Mutual Trust in International Cooperation...................... 319
7.4.1 Mutual Trust Between Countries That Are Not Within
the Same Regional Human Rights Framework ............... 319
7.4.2 Mutual Trust Between EU Member States................... 321
7.4.3 Mutual Trust in Gathering Confession Evidence........... 328
7.5 Conclusion..................................................... 329
References........................................................... 331
8 Balancing the Right to Silence in Transnational Criminal Cases. . . 333
8.1 Introduction................................................. 333
8.2 The Right to Silence in Transnational Proceedings.............. 334
8.2.1 Police Questioning. .................................... 336
8.2.2 The Use of Silence as Evidence of Guilt................. 339
Contents
xv
8.2.3 Administrative Questioning Powers........................ 339
8.2.4 Covert Surveillance Measures to Listen to Private
Conversations............................................ 340
8.3 The Relationship Between Human Rights and International
Cooperation..................................................... 341
8.4 The Way Forward: Confession Evidence Across Borders............. 342
8.4.1 Right of Access to Legal Assistance in Transnational
Cases.................................................... 342
8.4.2 The European Investigation Order......................... 344
8.4.3 The European Public Prosecutor’s Office.................. 346
8.4.4 Reinforcing Procedural Rights in International Cooperation
Outside the EU........................................... 348
8.5 Concluding Remarks............................................ 349
References............................................................ 350
Table of Cases............................................................ 351
Table of Statutes and National Legislation................................ 361
Table of International Treaties and Legislation........................... 365
Index
369
This book considers the effectiveness and fairness of using international cooperation
to obtain confession evidence or evidence of a suspect or accused persons silence
across borders. This is a question of balance in limiting and protecting the right to
silence. The functioning of the applicable law in Denmark, England and Wales and
Australia is analysed in relation to investigative and trial measures such as police
questioning, administrative questioning powers, covert surveillance and the use of
silence as evidence of guilt.
On the national level, this work examines the wav in which domestic rules balance the
right to silence in national criminal proceedings, and whether investigative and trial
rules produce continuity throughout the criminal proceedings as a whole. From the
transnational perspective, comparative legal analysis is used to determine whether
the national continuity may be disrupted to such an extent that cooperation in the
gathering of confession evidence causes unfairness. From the international perspective,
this research compares the right to silence under the ICCPR and the ECHR to identify
the overall effect of cooperating under particular human rights frameworks on the
question of balance.
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| spelling | Billing, Fenella M. W. Verfasser aut The right to silence in transnational criminal proceedings comparative law perspectives Fenella M. W. Billing [Cham] Springer [2016] XV, 372 Seiten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Digitalisierung UB Passau - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029267251&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung UB Passau - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029267251&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext |
| spellingShingle | Billing, Fenella M. W. The right to silence in transnational criminal proceedings comparative law perspectives |
| title | The right to silence in transnational criminal proceedings comparative law perspectives |
| title_auth | The right to silence in transnational criminal proceedings comparative law perspectives |
| title_exact_search | The right to silence in transnational criminal proceedings comparative law perspectives |
| title_full | The right to silence in transnational criminal proceedings comparative law perspectives Fenella M. W. Billing |
| title_fullStr | The right to silence in transnational criminal proceedings comparative law perspectives Fenella M. W. Billing |
| title_full_unstemmed | The right to silence in transnational criminal proceedings comparative law perspectives Fenella M. W. Billing |
| title_short | The right to silence in transnational criminal proceedings |
| title_sort | the right to silence in transnational criminal proceedings comparative law perspectives |
| title_sub | comparative law perspectives |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029267251&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029267251&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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