Lietuvos architektūros istorija: 4 Lietuvos etninė architektūra nuo seniausių laikų iki 1918 m.
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | Lithuanian |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Vilnius
Mokslas
2014
|
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract Register // Ortsregister Register // Personenregister |
| Beschreibung: | 554 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten, Pläne |
| ISBN: | 9789986420927 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Lietuvos architektūros istorija |n 4 |p Lietuvos etninė architektūra nuo seniausių laikų iki 1918 m. |c Lietuvos Statybos ir Architektūros Mokslinio Tyrimo Inst. Moks. red. Jonas Minkevičius |
| 264 | 1 | |a Vilnius |b Mokslas |c 2014 | |
| 300 | |a 554 Seiten |b Illustrationen, Karten, Pläne | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 700 | 1 | |a Minkevičius, Jonas |e Sonstige |4 oth | |
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| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029242088&sequence=000005&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029242088&sequence=000006&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Abstract |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029242088&sequence=000007&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Register // Ortsregister |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029242088&sequence=000008&line_number=0004&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Register // Personenregister |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1820595728048717824 |
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553
TURINYS
{VADAS /5
Šaltiniai, literatūra, paaiškinimai /9
POLITINIŲ, EKONOMINIŲ IR
SOCIALINIŲ VEIKSNIŲ ĮTAKA
LIETUVOS ŽEMĖVALDOS IR
APGYVENDINIMO STRUKTŪRŲ
RAIDAI NUO SENIAUSIŲ LAIKŲ IKI
1918 M. /10
Šaltiniai, literatūra, paa iškinimai /22
STATYBOS TECHNIKA IR
KONSTRUKCIJOS (R. Bertas*) /24
Tradicinės medžiagos /26
Medžio statyba /27
Pamatai /27
Durys ir langai /42
Rąstų sienos /29
Prieangiai /50
Perdangos /51
Stogų konstrukcijos /52
Molio ir mūro statyba /61
Šaltiniai, literatūra, paaiškinimai /65
KAIMŲ ARCHITEKTŪRA (R. Bertasiūtė) /69
Kaimų tipai ir istorinė raida /71
Padriki kaimai /71
Gatviniai kaimai /79
Vienkieminiai kaimai, viensėdžiai /89
Sodybos /95
Kaimo sodybų pastatai /109
Seniausi kaimo sodybos trobesiai /110
Tradiciniai gyvenamieji namai /119
Aukštaitiška ir dzūkiška pirkia /119
Žemaitiška troba /123
Suvalkietiška stuba /126
Lietuvininkų stuba /127
Apdaila ir puošyba /129
Pagalbiniai ir ūkiniai pastatai /134
Svirnai /134
Tvartai /140
Klojimai /145
Daržinės /148
Pirtys /149
Smulkiosios architektūros statiniai /151
Šaltiniai, literatūra, paaiškinimai /158
MIESTELIŲ IR BAŽNYTKAIMIŲ
ARCHITEKTŪRA /165
Miestelių ir bažnytkaimių formavimasis
(V Karvelytė-Balbierienė) /166
Urbanistinės struktūros bruožai
(V. Karvelytė Balbierienė) /168
Linij inio plano /169
Radialinio p lano /171
Stačiakampio plano /175
Miestelių ir bažnytkaimių pastatai
(V. Karvelytė-Balbierienė) /180
Prekybiniai pastatai (L. LauŽikaitė-Tagmann) /181
Gyvenamiej i prekybiniai pastatai /181
Amatininkų namai - dirbtuvės /187
Krautuvių eilės /191
Užvažiuojamieji namai /193
Visuomeniniai pastatai (i. Burimkaitė) /197
Mokyklos /197
Vaistinės /200
Gaisrinės /202
Namai (I. Burimkaitė) /203
Vienguliai /206
Dvigaliai /207
Namai su mezoninais /210
Kelių butų nuomoj amiej i namai /212
Ūkiniai pastatai (I. Burimkaitė) /214
Svirnai /215
Tvartai /217
Daržinės /219
Kluonai 1219
Pirtys /221
Šaltiniai, literatūra, paaiškinimai /222
SAKRALINIAI PASTATAI IR SMULKIOJI
ARCHITEKTŪRA. PARAPIJŲ
TROBESIAI /226
Katalikų sakraliniai pastatai (A. Jankevičienė) /226
Medinės bažnyčios /227
XV-XVII a. pirmosios pusės bažnyčios /229
XVII a. antrosios pusės ֊ 1795 m. bažnyčios /231
554 Turinys
1795-1918 m. bažnyčios /244
Medinės koplyčios /253
Medinės varpinės /261
Akmens mūro bažnyčios, koplyčios ir
varpinės /266
Smulkioji sakralinė architektūra /273
Kryžiai, stogastulpiai, koplytstulpiai ir koplytėlės,
krikštai (I. Burinskaitė) /273
Mūrinės bokštinės koplytėlės (A. Jankevičienė) /291
Šventorių ir kapinių tvoros bei vartai /296
Parapijų trobesiai (M. Rupeikiene) /300
Klebonijos /300
Špitolės. Parapijų namai /309
Kitų tradicinių religinių bendruomenių
sakraliniai pastatai (m. Rupeikienė) /314
Sinagogos /315
Cerkvės /331
Kenesos /340
Mečetės /341
Šaltiniai, literatūra, paaiškinimai /347
DVARŲ SODYBŲ ARCHITEKTŪRA
(D. Puodžiukienė) /354
Dvarų sodybos /356
Dvarų sodybų sklaida ir struktūriniai
bruožai /356
Dvarų sodybų raida /359
Dvarų sodybų pastatai /374
Gyvenamieji pastatai /375
Ponų namai /376
Vartai (vartų pastatai) /410
Tarnų namai (oficinos) /411
Virtuvės (virtuvinės oficinos) /415
Šeimyninės arba palivarko namai /416
Kumetynai /419
Ūkiniai pastatai /423
Svirnai /423
Arklidės ir arklidės-vežiminės /431
Tvartai /435
Kiaulidės /441
Klojimai /442
Daržinės /449
Sopos /450
Kūgiai /451
Pagalbiniai ūkiniai pastatai /452
Sūrinės /452
Ledainės /453
Rūsiai /455
Rūkyklos /458
Malkinės /460
Skalbyklos /461
Pirtys /462
Smulkiosios architektūros statiniai /463
Tvoros /463
Vartai /469
Šaltiniai, literatūra, paaiškinimai /472
GAMYBINIAI PASTATAI (E. Morkūnas) /483
Malūnai /484
Lentpjūvės /495
Milo vėlyklos /496
Karšyklos ir verpyklos /496
Lininės /497
Audyklos /497
Puodžių dirbtuvės /498
Kalvės (D. Puodžiukienė) /499
Aliejaus spaudyklos /501
Pieninės (D. Puodžiukienė) /501
Alkoholinių gėrimų gamybos pastatai
(D. Puodžiukienė) /502
Pirtys /502
Salyklinės /503
Bravorai /504
Plytinės /507
Kalkinės /507
Šaltiniai, literatūra, paaiškinimai /508
SANTRUMPOS /510
ETNINIŲ TERMINŲ ŽODINĖLIS
(R. Stundžinas) /512
ASMENVARDŽIŲ RODYKLĖ (k. Misius) /517
VIETOVARDŽIŲ RODYKLĖ (k. Msius) /521
,HISTORY OF LITHUANIAN
ARCHITECTURE“. BOOK IV
Ethnic architecture from ancient times to 1918
(I. Baliulytė) /534
Li227 Lietuvos architektūros istorija = Histoiy of Lithuanian
architecture = Historia architektury Litewskej = История
архитектуры Литвы / Architektūros ir statybos institutas.
-Vilnius : Mokslas, 1987- .
[T.] 4, Lietuvos etninė architektūra nuo seniausių laikų iki
1918 m. / [redakcinė kolegija: sudarytoja
Dalė Puodžiukienė, mokslinė redaktorė Nijolė
Lukšionytė. ֊ Vilnius : Paveldas, 2014. - 556 p. : iliustr. - Virš.
antr. nenurodyta. - Santr. angį. ֊ Bibliogr.: sk. gale. — R-klės:
p.517-533. - ISBN 9986-420-92-7
„Lietuvos architektūros istorijos“ IV tomas skirtas Lietuvos etninei archi-
tektūrai nuo seniausių laikų iki 1918 m. Knygoje nagrinėjama Lietuvos
kaimų, miestelių, sakralinių pastatų ir statinių, dvarų ir gamybinių pasta-
tų architektūros raida, statybinių konstrukcijų vystymasis, architektūros
ypatumai visuose Lietuvos regionuose.
Leidinys gausiai iliustruotas, pateikiami šaltiniai, rodyklės, reziumė
anglų kalba.
UDK 72(474.5)(091)
535
„HISTORY OF LITHUANIAN ARCHITECTURE“. BOOK IV
Ethnic architecture from ancient times to 1918
History of Lithuanian architecture”, Book
IV֊ corporate study of ethnic architecture by
authors’ collective. Constructions which have
been built of local materials by local craftsmen
are attributed to the ethnic architecture. Western
historiography refers this kind of architecture
as vernacular architecture. In the context of
Lithuania ethnic architecture is a term used
for all the nations which has been living here
traditional buildings.
Ethnic culture became a subject of interest
in romanticism, in the middle of the 19th
century. Peasant buildings had been researched
by F. L. M. A. Haxthausen, A. Bezzenberger,
R. Detlefsen, A. Kharuzin (XapymH); local
researchers A. Riomeris (Römer), A. Kirkor
and others. In the first year of existence the
Republic of Lithuania art historians P. Galaunė,
A. Rukšlelė, J. Petrulis, after the World War II,
- J. Baršauskas, F. Bielinskis, J. Minkevičiaus,
I. Butkevičius, K. Šešelgis, K. Čerbulėnas,
M. Purvinas, etc., in exile J. Gimbutas, J. Grinius
- studied rustic architecture with the aesthetic
approach.
Nowadays ethnic architecture is implied
as “a set of cultural values created by whole
nation (ethnos), transmitted from generation to
generation and constantly updated” [Law of the
Republic of Lithuania on the Framework of State
Care for Ethnic Culture]. That is why the study
reveals the peasants - rural ֊ architecture, and
the architecture of manors, small towns, villages,
sacral buildings as well. The book reflects
practical and theoretical level or researches at
the time of its preparation.
Chapters devoted to the sacral buildings,
minor sacral structures, rural buildings
summarize data published earlier, but the
chapters devoted to small towns, villages,
manorial architecture and constructions
introduce to recently found material.
Wooden construction is the cradle of ethnic
architecture. Until the twentieth century almost
80% of the Lithuanian people lived in timber
houses, constructed in the country side. Number
of brick and stone buildings began to increase at
the end of the eighteenth centuiy, when the great
woods had been cut. However, the plan and the
structure of such buildings was relevant to those
of timbered ones.
New forms and progressive technologies
could reach the land through the examples
of manorial and sacral architecture. They
intertwined with local traditions and became
Lithuanian possession. The ethnographic
regions of Lithuania - Higher Lithuania,
Samogitia, Southern Lithuania, Lithuania Minor
(Lith. Aukštaitija, Žemaitija, Dzūkija, Suvalkija,
Mažoji Lietuva) have different traits, distinctive
construction types of rural villages and farms. At
the same time sacral architecture and manorial
architecture have remained more or less
universal throughout the territory of Lithuania.
Construction techniques and design
Remnants of wooden buildings have
preserved in archaeological layers and
536 Surmary
nowadays existing buildings of the nineteenth
and the early twentieth century rural houses
witness the continuation of the vernacular
building tradition. According to the nature of
the wooden construction Lithuanian wooden
architecture has been attributed to the North
East (Eastern Lithuania) and Central Europe
(Western Lithuania) habitats. Lithuania has a
construction techniques as well as other lands
formerly inhabited by Lithuanians (Kaliningrad
region, Western Belarus, Northern Poland).
In Lithuania, in separate ethnographic regions
have special characteristics for the walls, the
roof and other parts of the building structural
solutions. According to the materials used
for building, the construction is divided into
wood, clay or stonework. Logs in the walls
of the wooden building has been connected in
the upright, vertical or diagonally construction
composing pole, crib or framework structure.
Pole construction of the walls is the oldest and
most primitive: buildings with pylons deeply
dig into the ground are being found in the
settlements of the First Millennium. It had been
used in approximately until the mid of the First
Millennium.
Framework wall construction has been used
in the subsequent period: some examples of
it existed in the manorial buildings in the 16th
century. Frame had been filled with wood waste,
clay, bricks, straw. Crib construction of wall,
predominant in Lithuania, has been existing
from the First Millennium.
Old timber houses had been constructed
of individual cribs, which had formed almost
square plan. The relict of this structure in
Eastern Lithuania is considered to be a three-cell
building, which consists of separate cribs, and
the porch is inserted between them.
Method of the crib construction has differed
in regions of Lithuania. Limber logs laid with
special joints in the Eastern part of the country,
when the comers have been joined through
trapezium or duplex mortises. Logs in Western
Lithuania had been laid in smooth flats, the
comers have been joined through pitched nicks.
For tightness the outdoor side of the wall has
been bound with vertical boards, and the butt-
joints were bound with narrow bars.
The most ancient door types ֊ pole
construction, low and wide. The use of iron
hinges in major buildings of Lithuanian manors
(granaries, treasures, residential houses) and
sacral buildings (churches, chapels) had been
known in the 16th century (they are mentioned in
inventories). Hinges had changed simple poles
of the peasant houses only in the nineteenth
century.
For the sake of thermal insulation and the
strength of the door flats have been bound with
additional layer of boards. Boards nailed in
different directions created the original artistic
pictures, so the door was one of the main
ornamental elements of the buildings. Window
openings, as the door was constructed with the
cases. Windows of the manorial houses had
frames in the sixteenth century. The porches
in manor houses have been known from the
16th century, they become more popular in
peasant houses of Eastern Lithuanian since the
nineteenth century. There were fewer of them in
the villages of Western Lithuania. For protection
from precipitation, porches, galleries and sheds
have been constructed.
Most of the roof structures have reflected
technical changes and the influence of the
foreign building tradition. Rural buildings
have typical roofs of poles, beam and rafter
constructions. The pole construction is mostly
common in Eastern Lithuania. Tradition of
the pole constructions had existed until the
beginning of the 20th century. Different variations
of pole constructions have been known: with
different number of poles and their arrangement,
with the different ways of rafters gearing and
bracing. Western Lithuanian has tradition of
the rafter roofs construction. In the bams of
Eastern Lithuania one can see archaic roofing
construction method, with vaulted log overlay.
The chopped tree bark, splinter, after - straw or
supplementary rafter construction roof was laid
over in the old buildings.
Sunnary 537
Length of the Lithuanian rural building
construction of the rafters (from the hack on
the wall to the gable) had been 2/3, 3/4 of the
width of the building. Due to that all Lithuanian
rural structures have had incline of 42-49°
Roof heights and proportions of buildings
in the regions have been different, because
the Western Lithuania tradition had broad
houses constructions, Eastern Lithuania had
narrow houses constructions. Roof of Western
Lithuanian house have made 2/3—3/4 of its
height, roof of Eastern Lithuanian houses have
made 1/2-2/3 of the house height. Coverings
of the roofs have been made of tables, shingle
(mansions, farmhouses in rural towns), straw,
reed (farmhouses, manor buildings) and at the
end of the 19th century ֊ clay tiles
Household and manufacturing buildings in
the manors of Lithuania have been masonry,
clay or mixed-construction buildings, they
have spread more widely at the end of the 18th
century; but timber residential houses still
existed.
Churches, chapels and belfries have been
constructed of the boulders. From the second
half of the 19th century, the buildings of the
wattle and daub walls have spread, sometimes
the walls were constructed of tamped-down
clay. Sometimes the buildings were constructed
of unbumt clay bricks. Stone buildings could
be found in stony Northern and Southern parts
of Lithuania. Manorial ant rural household
buildings could be of mixed construction - they
had been constructed of stone or brick poles with
filling of the horizontal logs or tamped-down
clay.
Rural architecture
According to the planning structure, the
layout of the forms of villages and farmsteads
have been assorted into scattered, street and
grange ones. Single farmsteads or steadings have
existed as well. Scattered villages were most
common until the Wallach reform. They were
spontaneously created settlements with irregular
street system and the farmsteads of different
forms and size. Scattered villages could be
stack-shaped, nuclear-shaped, steading or nest-
shaped (so-called commons), according to the
plan specific. Typical stack-shaped village was
free aggregate of farmsteads; nuclear-shaped
villages have a dense collection of farmsteads.
The building of nest-shaped villages has been
concentrated around general yards.
Landownership with spacious farmsteads,
settled close to each other and chaotic system
mainly remained in Samogitia. At the end of
18th century - beginning of 19th century, state-
owned villages settled in Higher Lithuania
and Southern Lithuania, farms were settled are
in many ways: along the street, the others had
concentrated clusters, sometimes - in the form
of -fan or simply interfered among cultivated
fields. Villages and farmsteads of Lithuania
Minor scattered in granges, as in ancient times.
After Wallach reform in the 16th century
almost all of the territory of Lithuania was
covered with a dense network of villages,
formed along the street, where strips of lands of
various sizes aligned.
During the reform scattered plots of land had
been measured and joined into solid as regular as
possible land arrays. All land of each village was
divided into three fields. A peasant got a strip in
every field. The farmsteads of peasantry were
placed into newly established village in one of
the fields. All those villages had one common
feature - the street with the farmsteads lined
along it. Villages could be built along the street
in one side of it or along both sides.
According to the nature of the development
is divided into the strip villages lined along one
street and tenuous villages lined along the street.
The same group also includes linear villages and
the Nemunas Delta fishermen villages (the river
played a role of the street). The strip villages
were mainly in the eastern part of Lithuania. Up
to the nineteenth century the structure of villages
remained basically stable. After the abolition of
the serfdom street villages became more densely
built (parcels had been divided in half, into
four, or even eight parts), an intricate network
538 Sunnary
of streets and dead-ends had formed. The plans
of the villages have been quite complicated.
Tenuous or loose street villages are supposed
to have a dual origin: villages, established at
the end of the 19th century after the abolition of
serfdom, and old tenuous strip villages. In South-
Western Lithuania strip villages turned into a
more advanced linear villages in which the land
of the owner was no longer divided into strips,
and was concentrated into one or more parcels.
The villages there quite rarefied and part of the
farmsteads had been moved into second line,
and sometimes third line. New farmsteads of
regular plan had been established near existing
scattered villages, because of that many villages
have mixed structure.
The newest type of the villages - villages
of individual farmsteads have spread at the
end 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries.
At the earliest this type of villages appeared
in Lithuania Minor, which belonged to East
Prussia. Polish and South Western Lithuanian
landowners followed this example. Until the
Peasant reform in 1861 Samogitia had been
divided into individual farmsteads, and then -
remaining part of Lithuania. Many villages had
been divided into individual farmsteads after
1906, during Stolypin Land reform.
During the changes in villages’ organization,
structure of farmsteads remained unchanged.
Oldest ones are scattered irregular structures in
villages and individual farmsteads. Buildings are
organized in convenient method. Small farms
had 1-3 buildings, middle ones - 4-5 buildings,
bigger ones ֊ 6-8 or even more buildings.
Rectangular shape of the plot in Wallach villages
determined regular order of buildings. There
were fewer buildings; they were lined into one
or two lines along the strip.
Farmsteads of regular plan with the yard and
with buildings around it have been built when
villages were divided into individual farmsteads.
Many of them existed many decades, even ages.
New generations have brought renewals and
changes, so the mixed plan formations have
emerged.
Rural homestead consisted of residential
houses and outbuildings. House with open
fireplace was a prototype and in later periods
- house with earthen stove - was a prototype
from which regional dwelling house types have
evolved in the 16th-! 8th centuries.
Oldest housing type is considered to be tribal
community building with an open fireplace,
which architecture is similar to Samogitian
dwelling. Later it was replaced by the smaller
single-family buildings. Samogitian dwelling
had different plan than other residential houses
- it had no porch, the entrance was from the
rear, beside it - an open entryway (formed
from the overlap of the roof). In the middle of
the biggest room there was an open fireplace.
Above it - wicker hood spattered with clay,
which protected the roof from sparks and held
more heat in the room. Smaller log building with
stone furnace have been found in the settlements
of the First millennium. It matches to the
traditional bathhouse. The building had ceiling
which kept warmth longer. Earthen furnace with
arch, intended for making meals and heating,
determined changes which took place in the
architecture of 10th-14th centuries buildings:
regional types of houses had formed: Samogitian
itrobd), Higher Lithuanian (pirkia and grycia),
South-Western Lithuanian (stuba). The stove
has developed into complicated heating and
cooking system in the Eastern Lithuania. The
fireplace in Western Lithuania has developed
into closed chimney, or boiler.
Higher Lithuanian and South Lithuanian
dwelling structure remained the same until
19th century. There were three cages: cold porch
in the middle, main room with stove in one end
and cold box room in the other. Samogitian
dwelling have formed from house with fireplace,
it was stove-heated building with side entrance.
„Good house“ was in one end of the dwelling,
„Bad house“ - in the other. The boiler was in
the middle. Old house of Western Lithuania was
similar to Samogitian. South Lithuanian house
(stuba) have got features of both - Samogitian
and Hither Lithuanian - houses.
Suimary 539
Width of the houses didn‘t change in the
East Lithuania (average 5-7 metres), it became
longer due to building of new cribs. Western
Lithuanian buildings had been constructed more
complex: Samogitian and Lithuania Minor
houses were bigger (average width - 8-10
metres). At the beginning of the 20th century
throughout Lithuania rural homes became wider,
but shorter, with a kitchen room in the middle of
building. Walls became higher and attic became
narrower, the proportions of roof and walls have
changed. Windows became bigger, log arches
have been plated with boards. Wall binding have
spread widely. One or two storey porches had
been erected quite often. The mezzanines have
been raised in the centre of house facade, and
the rooms have been set in the attics. Houses
of Higher Lithuania, South and South Western
Lithuania have been decorated with porches,
carved window decorations, in Samogitia and
Western Lithuania doors and rooftops were
decorated most often.
Granary was meant for keeping things, food
supplies, and for sleeping as well. Long and
narrow granaries of one, two, sometimes of three
rooms have spread in the Eastern Lithuania.
Their doors have been situated in the long
facade, porch of the granary have been adjoined
to the wall. Granaries of Western Lithuania
have been constructed wider, there were two,
three, even six or more rooms. Entrances have
been situated in all sides, porches of granaries
have been constructed in one, two or three sides
(there never was porch at the rearmost). North
Lithuanian granaries have been characterized
by two rooms mounted on a tall brick bases.
Long and narrow South Lithuanian granaries
have been built with one, two and more rooms,
with open or closed porches-granaries, and at
the beginning of the 20th century granaries with
higher garret for grain storage have spread. Most
of the granaries have been built of wood, but
stone, brick and earthen granaries sometimes
can be found.
The size and quantity of the cattle-shed was
dependent on the quantity of cattle. Thei were
of rectangular or square plans, L-shaped or
U-shaped. Sheds with open internal paddock
had been recommended by the 16th century
Wallach Law. The relicts of old type cattle-sheds
remained in the East Higher Lithuania. The size
of them is similar to bams, and the cattle sheds
are set out around the paddock in the middle
of building. Buildings have been thatched with
high four-sloped roofs of sheaf construction.
At the end of the 19th century-beginning of the
20th century long sheds with separate rooms for
different species of animals have spread.
Barn is the largest agricultural building with
the most complicated structure. In the middle
of the bam, by the entrance, the threshing-floor
clay was trampled down (for grain threshing)
and in the sides the chaff bams were fenced
off Until the end of the 19th century threshing
bams have been builtor rammed out of clay for
crop to dry before flailing. Bams were rectangle
shaped, comer shaped with a protruding part in
the middle or cross-shaped. The oldest bams
were built from round logs with pole-type
structure walls. Eastern Lithuania characterized
by bams of sheaf construction, Western, Central
Lithuania and the Western bank of the Nemunas
River — joint constructions. When between the
end of the 19th century and the beginning of the
20th century threshing machines began to spread
among peasants, threshing bams disappeared.
Bams were built bigger and more spacious with
more advanced crossbar construction.
Sheds had been built in farms of medium or
large peasants. The buildings usually have been
of rectangular form, with gates in the long side
walls, more rarely in the rear, often passable.
Sheds with thatched roofs and without walls had
been built in Samogitia. Farmsteads also had
built-in baths, pantries, wood sheds, haylofts,
carriage houses, cellars, sometimes ice-cellars
and other small buildings for farming purposes.
Small-scale architecture is an integral part
of Lithuanian traditional farmsteads, which has
not only utilitarian, but also the aesthetic and
symbolic purposes. Small-scale architecture
consists of crosses, wayside shrines and wooden
540 Sunnary
chapels, fences, gate and wicket, ladder,
wells, beehives, kennels, dovecots, nesting
boxes, bird feeders, summerhouses, outdoor
furniture as well as the other small structures
and installations. Small courtyard architecture
gave the farmsteads impression of cosiness,
convenience and completeness in.
The architecture of small towns and villages
with a church
A small town is called a settlement with
trade, craft, and educational, religious and
administrative functions. Villages with a church,
as a unique strain of the village, are agricultural
settlements with old churches or small towns
that have not fully expanded trade and craft
functions. Nearly 530 towns and villages with
a church have settled in the current territory of
Lithuania until the beginning of the 20th century.
After the baptism of Lithuania, Jogaila (pol.
Jagiello), the king of the Kingdom of Poland
and the Grand Duke of Lithuania, in the year of
1389 gave an unrestricted right for the Catholic
Church to establish newr parishes, to which the
princes and nobles gave land with peasants.
By the 16th century in the middle of the current
Lithuania there were 105 towns and villages
with a church established. Most of them settled
near the roads leading to Kaunas, Trakai and
Vilnius. Villages with a church began to take
shape in manors’ lands in the 16th century;
especially they had increased at the time of the
Wallach reform. Settlements formed by the end
of the 17th centuiy consist of about 52% of the
current total number of towns and villages with a
church; another 33% of towns and villages with
a church formed in the 18th century.
Between 1795 and 1917 villages settled
near built highways and railroad tracks. When
the construction of the international importance
railway to Daugavpils through Panevėžys,
Kupiškis and Rokiškis had been ended, these
settlements expanded rapidly and the old towns
of the Grand Dutchy of Lithuania - Upytė,
Surdegis, Palėvenė, Kriklinai, Daujėnai,
Salamiestis, Žiobiškis and Kazliškis began to
decline. The migration of population to the
cities and towns became more intensive after the
abolition of serfdom. Jewish, Lithuanian, as well
as Tatar, Russian and Crimean Karaites traders
and craftsmen settled in towns and built here
residential, commercial and sacral buildings.
While settlements were growing, street network
became more complicated, building got denser.
Trade was not very intensive in villages with a
church, most of the inhabitants were Lithuanians
and engaged in agriculture. Therefore villages
with a church though had typical town features
of the urban structure, due to planned and
spatial structure were closer to rural settlements.
Between the 16th and the 18th centuries close
functional relationships linked towns or villages
with a church with the manors. Sacral complex
outlines exposed themselves in a landscape,
where churchyard^ and manor‘s plantations
dominated.
During the early period of the development
the most common was the linear plan. In the
radial plan areas dominated town square and at
least three spontaneously arose streets (roads)
outgoing from it. Principles of rectangular plan
have been applied the 16th century through the
middle of the Wallach reform in the planning of
towns. The most commonly occurring are the
mixed plan examples of predominantly one basic
type or combines features of a regular planning
and development of spontaneous effects.
Consistent building density changes from the
abundantly built all-around centre to the more
freely and variously formed outskirts, in which
were located homesteads, were characteristic
for town building. Villages with a church, which
usually settled on the basis of various villages,
maintained the building, which is close to the
street-planned rural nature, installed during the
Wallach reform: houses laid out to the street,
while the farm-buildings were deeper, along the
boundaries of the land.
Towns consisted of commercial buildings
- rows of shops, individual shops, taverns
(bistro), inns, traders and craftsmen houses and
workshops; townsmen and farmers’ dwellings
Sunnary 541
and outbuildings; public buildings - schools,
pharmacies, fire stations, etc.; houses owned
by the parish, old-folks homes and parsonages.
The variety of buildings in villages with a
church is slightly lower. Most buildings of
towns and villages with a church remained
from the period of the second half of the 19th
century - the beginning of the 20th century.
Small shops, butcher's shops and taverns were
mentioned in historical sources of the 15th-16th
centuries; because at the time the construction
was unregulated, these buildings represented
the traditional construction built from local
materials and without architects. Since the
beginning of the 19th centmy in accordance
with the procedure introduced by the Russia
tsar Government residential public buildings
in rural towns, as well as in urban areas, were
required to be built according to the projects.
The procedure, however, has settled much later,
therefore dominated the traditional architecture.
Wooden houses and outbuildings have been
built according to the same principles as in the
villages, so their architectural forms are similar.
However, the architecture of the buildings,
particularly in towns with a population of social,
professional and ethnic composition was mixed
— more diverse and more complex.
In the outskirts and approaches of a
marketplace stood rows of shops under
one roof close to each other, they were only
used for trades. The buildings were wooden,
with many doors and windows, connecting
6-12 commercial premises under one roof,
comprising one or two frames. Also there were
individual shops. Inns were notable for their
different forms and volume. There were hotel
rooms, pubs, carriage houses, shops; inn tenants’
(mostly Jewish) family lived there. Inns were
rectangular, L or T-shaped. Town dwell came
in use ers‘ houses with shops and bistros rallied
in central parts of the town; they were visible
thanks to advertising notes and signboards. In
most cases commercial buildings were single-
storey but sometimes there were two floors. The
main facade sometimes had open porches on
the second floor galleries; it could be decorated
with nailed wooden ornaments on windows
and doors, wind boards, porch decor, in the
background of the walls stood out white painted
doors and shutters. Inside shops along the walls
were shelves to the ceiling, stood counters. The
interior was decorated with paper patterns.
The earliest buildings for public needs in
towns and villages with a church were schools
and pharmacies. In the end of the 19th century
people started bothering about safety and well-
being of towns, they’d started to build fire
stations, police stations and community houses.
Firehouses (wooden or built of stones) were
rectangular with high square edged towers and
massively capacious. In the 16th century a wider
school network began to form near parishes.
Protestants, Orthodox and Jews set up then-
own individual schools. However, only a few
villages and towns had special buildings that
were suitable for schools. At the beginning of
the 20th century local craftsmen followed the
traditional double-ended farmhouses schemes
while building parochial schools. In the middle
of the building was installed a hallway, at the end
of the house was a school class and at the other
en - a teacher’s apartment. The school buildings
were different from ordinaiy homes only by
bigger classroom windows and wide attics.
Pharmacies were mostly established in the 16th
century; until the beginning of the 19th century
pharmacies were compared to shops — there were
no drugs, they traded sweets, spices, perfumery,
tobacco, liquor and vodka. The sale of alcoholic
beverages was banned in 1764. In towns’
pharmacies were ought to be receipt, materials
inventory ant preparation rooms, a room to store
medicinal herbs, a cellar, a laboratory, a place
to keep glass jars and an ice-cellar in the yard.
Pharmacies usually had separate terminal or
comer entrances, ornate porches or doors with
small windows.
The most popular form of town-dwellers’
houses was rectangular, although there even
were comer (L-shaped), T and U shaped houses.
The internal structure had many similar features
542 Sunnary
to rural houses, but more to residential properties.
Already at the end of the 19th century, in the
houses of the wealthy appeared dining rooms,
bedrooms, offices; hallways were changed by
corridors and halls. One-storey houses with
one-ended and double-ended structures had
been spreading in towns; houses with attics
and two-storied tenancy houses. In Southern
Lithuania and in some places in Samogitia
sometimes the space of shelters was increased
with elevated attics. When tenants were put into
attics, balconies began to spread. Town houses
characterized a bigger number of windows than
ones in rural areas. They often were closed
with double-leaved entry solid wood shutters,
decorated with straight, triangle or broken form
pediments. These elements are drawn from the
professional architecture. Most of the farm
buildings were in the outskirts of villages with a
church and towns in farmers’ homesteads. There
also stood cattle-sheds, granaries, mows, storage
bams, cellars and carriage houses, which looked
a little different from equivalent buildings in
the country. In the 19th and the beginning of the
20th centuries towns had public and private
baths, built by communities or by individuals.
Sacral buildings. Small-scale architecture.
The parish buildings
Catholic sacral buildings and small-scale
architecture dominated in Lithuania, because
the majority of the population was Catholic.
Mostly these buildings were wooden (up to
now 265 wooden churches, more than 100
chapels and about 220 belfries have remained
in Lithuania), but there also were ethnic forms
of stone masonry structures. Small-scale sacral
architecture includes cross-making objects
(crosses, roofed-shrines, shrines, chapels) and
churchyard’s sacral areas, cemetery’s fences and
gates.
The Catholic Church’s external architecture
is functional, almost without any decoration.
The primaiy role was given for the building’s
proportions, silhouette, tectonics and relationship
with the environment. Shapes of styles and
some principles of composition were taken from
professional architecture. First churches are
small wooden rectangle buildings with narrower
presbytery and covered with a high roof. The
evolution of wooden churches could be divided
into three periods: from the 15th century until the
middle of the 17th century - the time of Catholic
entrenchment ֊ the principles of composition
and the choice of means and assimilation; from
the second half of the 17th century until 1795
- the prosperity of Catholicism and religious
architecture; from 1795 until 1918 - the time of
oppression of Catholicism, characterized by
stabilization of traditional religious architecture
solutions and rapid spreading of principles of
the professional architectural composition. By
the middle of the 17th century the traditional
Lithuanian archetype of a church had formed. It
is a rectangular or cross plan one-nave or three-
nave insular tower-less building with presbytery
pressed oneself to a three-walled apse. In solid
interior space distinguished decorative altars and
the pulpit, there was painting. In the 18th churches
of traditional composition plan, volume, facades
and interiors followed the decisions of baroque
brick buildings, but the composition has been
kept simple. In the 18th century cross plan, stocky,
monumental with dominant massive roofs
churches dominated in Samogitia, rectangular,
narrower and more playful ones with more
graceful proportions - in Eastern Lithuania.
There also have been polygonal plan wooden
churches. In the 18th century on the impact of
the baroque church exterior was decorated with
several rows of cornices, plain silhouette towers
and polychrome. Three-nave church naves were
separated by slim pillars, spread dome-shaped
ceiling. Churches of baroque composition were
built between the second half of the 17th century
and the 18th century. First of such kind wooden
church was built in the Polish-Lithuanian
Commonwealth in 1620 in Vilkaviškis. It has
two towers. However, most churches created
by the early stylistic architecture composition
in the 17th century were rectangular and had
only one large tower, protruding in the middle
Sunnary 543
of the facade. Between the second half of the
17th century and the 18th century in the diocese
of Vilnius, where baroque was consisted most
strongly, baroque composition churches were
built the most. In their main facade rose two
towers of decorative purpose (bells hung in the
belfry).In Samogitia mostly were built basilica
volume churches without towers. Their facades
are laconic, with a wavy contour pediment or
ridge towers. In 18th century octagonal, solid
volume, decorated by a dome, churches had
been built. Church internal space have been
formed at that time from simple solid one-nave
to three-nave pseudo-basilicas or basilicas with
transept space in hall churches and chapels in
cross plan churches. Churches had restrained
exterior and magnificent interior. In the 19th
century in Lithuanian dioceses were mostly
rebuilt buildings, which had been constructed
in the 18th century. Wooden churches developed,
as in the past, under the influence of traditional
and stylistic architecture had been newly built.
Forms of churches remained rectangular and
the shape of a Latin cross, whereas in Sudovia
churches were rectangular and polygonal. In the
beginning of the 19th century occured forms that
had been never used before. An example would
be the trapezoidal pediments extending into
a tower. Classicism reflected with individual
external and internal forms and sometimes
churches had primitive porches replicating
four-column portico. After the middle of the
19th century newly built and renovated churches
gained neo-gothic or other historicism style
features. Internal space structure hasnft changed.
After 1918 wooden church architecture lost
its continuity of ancient traditions and took a
modem course.
In the composition of wooden chapels the
influence of historical styles is less obvious,
more brighter are local peculiarities. Chapels
and their complexes — stations of the Cross,
spread in Lithuania's territory, Belams and the
western part of Poland. Chapels can be divided
by size into small (about 2 m long, 1.8 m wide),
where prayers weren’t held, mid-sized (11.5 to
13.5 m long, 6.5 to 8.0 m wide) and large (17.0
to 19.5 m in length, 8 to 9.5 m wide). The small
ones were usually built in Samogitia. They
were rectangular, windowless with one-leafed
or double-leafed doors dominating in the front
wall. Pyramidal or gable roof was decorated
with a cross. Medium and large chapels were
made rectangular or polygonal. Rectangular
ones were mostly solid, in the back completed
trilateral, two-sided or with a straight wall.
There are also two-part chapels — one-nave or
three-nave with a presbytery narrower than the
nave. There aren’t many chapels affected by
historical styles: Gruzdžiai (Šiauliai district)
chapel imitated a two-tower baroque church. In
classicism there were chapels with transformed
porticoes. Chapel complexes ֊ Calvarias,
had been started to build in the 18th century in
hilly areas. They consisted of 14 or 19 chapels
(Stations of the Cross). Wooden belfries are a
part of a sacral building complex. Historical data
shows that from the 18th to the beginning of the
20th century the construction and form of belfries
had almost unchanged. The simplest belfries
were open or on-pole. The second ones usually
stand in cemeteries. Churchyard‘s bell towers
are 1-4 slots square, rectangular or octagonal.
According to the volume of the structure they
are solid; two to four volumes of the same
shape; a few volumes of different shape; with
a warehouse or a penthouse. In visitations are
mentioned bell towers with a gate in the lower
phase. In Lithuania the most popular are the
second group belfries — two or more volumes
of the same shape and getting narrower upstairs.
There are only a few polygonal belfries in
Lithuania. They contain of two or three stages
separated by small roofs. The top is almost
always surrounded by arches gallery.
For construction of stonework churches,
chapels and belfries stones of different colour
and factures have been used. Together with
grout and dark stuffing they formed wealth
of colour: Stonework buildings have been
decorated with white plaster ֊ comers, paddles,
opening rims. Traditional stonework churches
544 Sunnary
are sorted by their composition - one-tower,
without tower or with small tower above arch
and with portico in the main facade. Plans of
stonework churches sometimes are irregular:
they are finished with three-wall end, where in
the axis of building sacristy sticks. Chapels have
repeated forms and decoration of the churches.
Stonework belfries usually are square and have
stair form; they consist of two stages, both
massive and closed, only with small window
opening in the higher part.
Churchyard and cemeteries have been
surrounded by fence with gate and wicket.
Early fences of sacral complexes had been of
wood or fieldstone. Fieldstone fences were built
of stones, rubble or piled of different stones
without any binder. Earliest gate of churchyards
and cemeteries were of wood. They had been
more decorative than rural homestead gate.
Fieldstone gates have been equipped with
stonework gate. Three representative gate types
have been possible: with one opening, single-
winged or two-winged-door, asymmetric with
two openings, symmetric with three openings.
One of most distinctive and full of vitality
way of expression of piety in Lithuania is cross-
crafting. Crosses - top-line form of monument.
They could be seen everywhere in Lithuania.
Crosses in Higher Lithuania have been erected
very often; they are high, massive and have
rich architectural composition and ornaments.
Samogitian crosses are distinguished for their
moderate forms, explicitness, subtle and rational
decor. South Lithuanian crosses have been
characterised by elements, imitating Christ’s
torture tools ֊ swords and spears. South-
Western crosses eclectic, they have features
of Higher Lithuanian and South Lithuanian
crosses and motives which are specific to
Central Lithuania.
Roof-pillared shrines were different from
crosses, because they had no major element -
the cross which had been shortened and became
part of roof holding construction. Predominantly
most expressive monuments of this kind had
been in Higher Lithuania, in Samogitia they are
sparsely spread, and in South or South Western
Lithuania - rare. Higher Lithuanian few-staged
ones is most impressive form of roof-pillared
shrines.
Most pillared shrines have spread in
Samogitia and North of Higher Lithuania.
Artistic variety of those monuments have
depended on the individuality of their
construction and decor, different size and facade
composition, proportions of separate parts and
combination of different elements. Samogitia
had been characterised by abundance of small
chapels, built on the ground. Their forms, facade
compositions had been determined by plan
configuration (rectangular, polygonal or cross),
size structure (one or two-storey), composition
of facades. Different forms of the roof (two-
slopes, three-slopes, pyramid, cross, hip, dome,
cylindrical) provided distinction to the chapels.
Suspended chapels have been similar to chapels
built on the ground and pillared shrines. They
have spread all over Lithuania. The Western
Lithuania is distinguished by grave markers of
peculiar shape - crosses of plank construction
- 1-2 metres high profiled plank with floral,
geometric or zoomorphic symbolic carvings.
The origin of those monuments had been
influenced by German culture and Protestantism
occurrence in 17th-18th centuries.
Masonry tower shape chapels have been
known since 18th century, but likely they had
been common earlier, but destroyed during the
wars of 17th century. Samogitia, Central and
Higher Lithuania are rich of them, in South
Lithuania they are quite rare, in South Western
Lithuania they are uncommon. Chapels have
been built of encaustic bricks or trimmed
fieldstones, sometimes — of monolithic stone.
Exterior of brick chapels normally covered with
plaster. The focus of tower shape chapels - one
or few figures of saints and fancy iron cross on
the top. Traditional composition of the chapels
remained unchanged. Chapels most common
in Lithuania: of simple size; pillar construction;
of two or more staged ֊ with smaller top stage;
with expanded top stage.
Sunn ary 545
Parish buildings have been constructed
at the same time as parish churches. Catholic
churches possessed big plots of land, and
quite spacious rectories allusive to manor
houses have been constructed near those plots.
Traditional rectories and stylistic architecture
buildings have been constructed. They could
be of ternary sizes: small, one-storied (similar
to dwelling houses); monumental size with
porches and attic (similar to manor houses);
two-storied. Frontispieces mostly have been
symmetric, with one or two porches. Major parts
of building ֊֊ porches, Windows, rear facades,
cornices and roof elements have been decorated.
Panel window shutters and carved rims have
been special decoration.
Shelters (nursing homes) - dwelling house
of parish paupers, older people, invalids or
church servants. Usually one-storey buildings of
traditional architecture, elements of professional
architecture are undistinguished. Traditional
nursing homes have been of elongated plan
(right-angled, cross or T-shape), with few
entrances, with small porch. Elements of the
decor ֊ quite modest, only comices, porches
and window plates, rear facades and their
windows have been decorated. Small nursing
homes looked like dwelling houses, and the
big ones, elongated, were like public buildings.
Architecture of parish houses and nursing homes
has became similar during centuries, because
the function of both has changed: parish houses
had been transformed into shelters, and former
nursing homes had been adjusted for parish
houses.
Buildings of other traditional religious
communities — Jewish, Orthodox, Karaites’,
Tatars’, which have settled in Lithuania
sanctuaries. Architecture and especially interiors
of those buildings was determined by different
liturgical traditions. But at the same time those
buildings have accepted features of local
architecture. Exteriors of early synagogues
have more ethnic architecture, interlace with
the elements of baroque and classicism. During
centuries the look of wooden synagogues had
been changed: high roofs of few stages have
disappeared, the forms of the buildings became
simpler, details and ethnic style decorations
became quite rare, but the symbols of the
Judaism have been emphasised. In the second
part of 19th century the appearance of the
buildings was influenced by romanticism and
historicism, cornices and pilasters, rustic have
been used. The sizes of wooden synagogues of
the end of 19th century — the beginning of the
20th century almost was the same as the size of
dwelling houses, and their function was told by
the structure of side facades and the symbols
of the Judaism (the Star of David, Decalogue
plates). Interiors of synagogues were foil of the
decor, typical to Jewish art and symbols of the
Judaism. Features of ethnic architecture could
be seen in the size of synagogues, constructional
elements, division of walls by straps, board decor
and other elements of decoration, examples of
primitive paintings. Professional and „stylistic“
architecture mostly influenced the size and
decorations of buildings, but the composition of
the facades and the interior structure had been
determined by traditions of the Judaism and
changes of the liturgy.
Churches of Orthodox and Russian Old
believers have been built in Lithuania. The sizes
of Orthodox churches usually consist of several
parts, with emerging towers, turrets or bell-
towers, integrated into them or without them.
Forms of the exteriors have been influenced by
neo-byzantine forms of stonework Orthodox
churches. The interior of them is characterised
by the detached low entryway and high nave
with the decorated chancel and decorative iconic
wall which divide part of the church with altar
from other part of church. Prayers room has
been single (There haven’t been no division to
the male and female sides). The forms of the
Orthodox churches have created a mix of features
of ethnic and stylistic architecture together with
a elements of the Russian churches. The facades
of the churches have been abundantly decorated
and particularly representative. The elements
of Lithuanian ethnic architecture could be seen
546 Sunnary
only in a few wooden Orthodox churches in
Lithuania.
The size, proportions and forms of Russian
Old believers churches similar to rural dwelling
houses or traditional wooden churches. They
could be built with belfries or without them,
with an integrated apartment of the priest. Plans
of the churches right-angled, sometimes they
have narrow porch and the Eastern wall always
straight. The space or praying hall is simple,
sometimes has been diagonally divided into men
and women parts. The accent - composition
of the shelves of different length with Icons,
attached to the Eastern wall. Major elements
of the exterior have been concentrated on the
main facade, which had been made taller ֊ with
belfry-tower or decorative tower with porch
and small balconies. The forms of Russian Old
believers churches more reflect the features of
ethnic architecture.
The Kenesas (Kenesa is the term for a
Karaite or Persian synagogue) - small buildings
of compact size, similar to the synagogues. The
main facades of the Kenesas have one door. The
main room of the building - hall of the men
with the altar (.Hekhal,) in the Southern part of
the building and closed gallery of women. The
forms of the altars are close to the forms of the
altar in the Catholic Church or Aron Kodesh in
the synagogue. The walls and the ceiling of the
Kenesa have been decorated with geometric and
floral ornaments, the floor covered with carpets,
and the windows decorated with stained glass.
The size of Kenesa in Trakai is similar to the size
of Baroque synagogues, its plan and structure
also is like one of the synagogue. The exterior
is simple; window frame reflects the influence of
the stylistic architecture.
The size of wooden mosques in Lithuania
is simple, similar to the size of the Lithuanian
cemetery chapel. Their plan is right- angled, with
overhangs of apses and porches. The decor has
been quite modest, only window frames usually
have been ornamented. Still existing mosques
have been build according to the original design
projects, the architecture of them has been quite
primitive, based on the main traditions of the
ethnic architecture. Front facades of the mosques
- usually with two portals or porches. Southern
facade sometimes has been emphasised place of
Mihrab; inside of the mosque - the place of the
Minbar ֊ pulpit with tester, built near the niche
at the Southern wall - has been emphasised.
The architecture of manor homesteads
The net of manor homesteads had consisted of
old settled places (for example, Liauda, Deltuva,
Nalsia) or colonized territories, established
as a result of deforestation (Southern Part of
Lithuania at the western bank of Nemunas,
Northern Lithuania), and the autonomous
territory like Samogitia. Many small and
average manor homesteads had existed in old
lands; big ones had been established in the
new colonised territories. In Samogitia small
homesteads of minor nobility had existed.
At the end of the 19th - the beginning of the
20th centuries there were about 4000 manor
homesteads in Lithuania.
The manor homesteads usually had nestled
near town, village with a church or existed as
bowery. Nobles’ yards had been a different group
of manor homesteads. The composition of the
manors had been influenced by their function.
Most of the manors were residential farms.
Functional and hierarchic zoning is characteristic
to manor homesteads. The construction had been
grouped into the yards according their function:
in the 16th century big manors consisted of main
yard, small manor, bams and manufacturing
yards. The church could stand in the territory
of manor as well. In the 17th century major part
had been residential, called „manor“, another
part had served as household. Household part
usually was near main yard, but it also could be
in few hundred metres or even few kilometres.
According the plan, manors could be regular
and of mixed plan. The big estates of the
17th-18th centuries had regular plans, small
manors had been irregular. Most of manors
had been of mixed plan, where main yard had
features of regular plan, and the household
Sunnary 547
buildings had been constructed and situated
freely.
The structure and architectural concept of the
manor homesteads had reached the Middle ages.
Prototypes of manor homesteads became clear,
in the 14th century castle - residence of the big
noble (duke) had existed, it also could be small
fortified or somehow protected village of noble,
villages of small or middle-size farms, from
which villages of nobility have developed. The
traditional manors had formed in the 15th century.
Castle owners had built their homesteads near
castle hills; they had repeated the structure of
a castle. The village nobles together with their
servants had moved to the outskirts of village,
where lived in the paled territory. Time passed
and the household structures have been moved
from main yard and household yards had
been established. The nobles had structures
of different function in their residential yards
(for living, feasts, etc.). Small nobles had lived
in the steadings or villages. Their homesteads
consisted of several structures and one dwelling
house for their family.
In the 17th century nobles, following the
provisions of the European manor planning,
moved household yards far from major yard,
forming an independent economy part, which
had been called Folwark (Pol., primarily
serfdom-based farm and agricultural enterprise;
grange; manor; farm estate). High towers
and fences had been abdicated, and the main
dwelling house which had several functions, had
become dominant. Smaller nobles hadn‘t made
any changes in their yards, but the structures,
which hadn't been representative, had been
moved to the household yards.
After the bedlams of the beginning of the 18th
century the manor homesteads had been rebuild
in the old places, corresponding to the old post
roads. Representative function had degraded:
around the perimeter of the major yard dwelling
houses as well as household buildings had been
constructed, the bams had been built nearby.
In the middle of the 18th century, when the big
manor owners had recovered, the main yards
of manor homesteads had been constructed
according to the rules of pivotal symmetry: the
noble house had been constructed in the axis of
the yard, and on the sides - two buildings of the
similar size. The driveway to the manor yard
had remained the same — from the side or the
comer. The symmetry had been adopted only
in the new big or average manor homesteads.
Household buildings had been constructed on
the other side of manor homestead, behind
the park or the road. Most of the construction
systems of the farmsteads of small or average
nobles had remained mixed: constructions of the
main yard had been arranged in regular plan, but
the household constructions had no regular plan.
Small nobles had lived in the villages or granges
of free plan. The granges of the Eastern Lithuania
had been arranged according to the strips of
land, densely built, in Samogitia the grange had
been spacious, scattered, and the buildings of
the homestead constructed considering natural
surroundings.
Large estates had become modem capitalist
farms after the reform, which abolished
serfdom in 1861. The owners of them had
been constructing their manors according
to the requirements of stylistic architecture
(historicism). Many middle-size manors have
been sold out or fell into decay. The owners of
the remaining average and small manors have
rebuilt their buildings, constructed new ones,
but the structure of manor planning hasn't been
changed.
Dwelling houses, household structures have
been constructed in the manor homesteads. At
the beginning of the 16th century they were small,
appointed to one function. Later structures of
different functions had been joined to one, and in
the middle of the 17th century they had adopted
dominating plan schemes. Development of the
architecture of small and average manors4 had
been inspired by the examples of new ideas
coming from the king and nobles4 estates. In
the 16th- 18th centuries the new ideas had spread
according to hierarchy — the nobles had repeated
royal ideas, and they have been repeated by
548 Sunnary
smaller nobility. The exchange of the ideas in
the 19th century had taken place due to cheaper
newspapers and the education system, open to
all nobility. The structures mostly had been of
wood: in the homesteads of the nobility wooden
structures dominated until the middle of the
17th century, in bigger farms - until the end of the
18th centuiy and in small and middle-size farms
- until the beginning of the 20th century.
Structures of the main, representative yard
- dwelling houses, guest houses, granaries,
„good“ stables and carriage-houses had got
special attention of the nobles. Big and middle-
size homesteads plan, decoration and design of
the buildings had been influenced by stylistic
architecture. But compositional peculiarities had
been different because of the local materials,
carpentry traditions. Solid buildings with
restrained decoration had been most popular. The
structure and forms of them has been universal,
the regional traditions dominated in the
buildings of small nobility. Household structures
had been different because of rational thinking:
the technologies had become more advanced,
the harvest increased and structures have been
constructed bigger, more complex. In the 16th
-18th centuries household structures had been
built by local carpenter with farm-hands, and the
architecture of the structures had quite regional
features. Since the end of the 18th century the
structures have been influenced by stylistic.
They have been decorated in moderation, and
the forms and proportions have been constructed
according to the style of the period.
Dwelling house has been the main building
of the homestead. Until the 16th century nobles
had several houses for the family and the guests.
According to the European traditions, in the
17th century all premises had been moved to
one house. In the middle of the 17th century it
was symmetric, all premises had been grouped
along the porch. In the 18th century plans,
facades and sizes of the houses became strictly
symmetric. Usually one-storey houses had
been constructed; the rooms were composed in
two lines. Houses of almost square plan with
three lines of the rooms had been constructed
in middle-size nobility houses. The roofs were
high, with four slopes or several stages. In the
period of the Classicism the plan of the houses
got rational solutions, and its exterior was quite
restrained. Loggias, all decorative ledges had
disappeared. Classical and simple houses spread
out rapidly, because this kind of architecture
was closer to the ethnic Lithuanian architecture.
Exterior decorations always had been of local
style, but it had always followed fashion of the
period. During Baroque period it could be seen
in carved wooden details ֊ cornices, decorations
of windows and doors. Grand nobility at the
end of the 18th century and middle-size nobles
in the 19th century had plated wooden houses
with boards; the decoration of the houses had
interpretations of the Classicism, after - the
features of the Romanticism and Historicism.
Porches always got bigger attention. In the
17th -18th centuries they were closed or open
annexes with Baroque arches (attic), in the
Classicism ֊ portico with imitation of four
columns, later ֊ glazed or carved porches. The
specific of the interiors had been decorated
fireplaces, stoves, joinery. In the houses of big
nobles walls and ceilings had been decorated
with ornamental or plot paintings. Poor nobility
had one house with one or two-ends, its plan and
facade composition was asymmetric. His family
lived in one end of the house; and the other one
(piekamia) had been left for the people who
worked in the farm. Houses in Higher Lithuania
had been long and narrow, in Samogitia - wide,
compact size. In the middle of the 19th century
house of small nobility has got rationality - i.e.
it has became economic and comfortable due
to technological improvements and the plan,
designed according to the examples of middle
nobility. Despite new changes the regional
differences still remained.
Besides dwelling house of the owners there
were kitchens, servants4 houses, stock houses,
meant for living of servants and farm workers.
In the middle of the 17th century-18th century
Sunnary 549
they were two-end structures with the porch and
kitchen or big chimney in the middle. One end
was meant for representation, the other — room
with bread stove and box room. At the beginning
of the 19th century long-sized guest buildings
with two porches and two entrances in the main
facade have been constructed. Cottar houses
have spread since the end of the 18th century' in
the manors where hired hands worked. Cottar
houses usually had similarities with peasants’
houses, but had four apartments, or could be
big blocks of flats. In the 16th-17th centuries very
important structure, which also was dwelling
house, had been constructed in the main yard —
gate building. It was right-angled, big size, two-
storey wooden structure ֊ building with tower or
looking like defence tower. In the lower part the
gate to the homestead had been constructed and
in the upper one ֊ rooms and halls.
Household structures have been assorted
according to the function — keeping things, grain
(granaries, bams, treasuries), live stock keeping
(stables, stalls, piggeries), harvest keeping and
manufacturing (stackyards, sheds), and other
subsidiary (washhouses, smokehouses, baths,
woodsheds, icehouses). Bams were meant for
keeping things and grain. They could be of two
types - long, right-angled with annex at the
side, ir vertical sized, one or two storey, almost
square. Close bams with closed annex or porch
had spread in the 18th century. The barns of the
17th or 18th centuries had been very complex
and abundantly decorated manor buildings.
Treasuries ֊ the vertical almost square
structures of the 16A-18th centuries, and had been
called ipavolushas“ in the 16th century. They
usually were two-storey structures, surrounded
with open porches, meant for keeping expensive
things and documents. They had disappeared in
big homesteads in the 19th century, but they had
been constructed in smaller nobility manors for
grain and things. Stables had been constructed
of side-type and end-type. In the end-type stable
horses had been standing along the walls in both
sides of the structure, in the side-type stable
horses had been standing at the cross-screens.
Horses had been kept on wooden floor in boxes;
working horses had been kept on threshing-
floor. In the 17th century stable had been joined
to other structures — bam, box-room, horseman4 s
room, but mostly ֊ with carriage house. Stables-
carriage-houses in the 18th —19th centuries often
consisted of three rooms — stable for owners4
and guests4 horses, in the middle — room for
carriages and the door in the long facade. Stalls
of manors had been right-angled buildings or
buildings with paddocks. In the 16th century
several stalls had been constructed around one
paddock, since the middle of the 17th century —
one square or U-shape construction with several
functions and inside paddock became popular.
In the literature of the 19th century paddocks had
been called „Lithuanian44, hi the second part of
the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th
century, when the way of cattle keeping has
changed, right-angled and cross-shape buildings
have been constructed, where the cattle was kept
along the passage.
In the 16th century buildings for the drying
and thrashing of grain had been constructed.
After Wallach reform harvests had increased,
and buildings for drying and keeping grain until
threshing had been constructed. In the 18th ֊
19th centuries bam was a compact, close to the
square plan, sometimes — long rectangular plan
with threshing bam or two; angular and cross-
plan. The bams of the 17th-18th centuries had
differences in Higher Lithuania and Samogitia.
In the nineteenth century many large estates
throughout Lithuania had two rows of poles,
later crossbar constructions had been used,
but the small nobility constructed bams with
regional specificities. In the nineteenth century,
when threshing machines became popular,
threshing bam have disappeared. Hay sheds
were meant for keeping hay, grain, agricultural
equipment, transport. Usually they have been
rectangular, single-sided, with two premises,
utilitarian constructions of beams and rafters.
The structures, called ,£hopos“ and sheds
were simple, their construction were poles,
550 Sunnary
one slope or several slopes roof. ,£hopos“ had
wicker walls, they were meant for keeping hay,
implement, straw. For the protection of straw,
hay and wood stacks had been used. They had
small roofs on the dig-in poles.
Auxiliary farm buildings (creameries, smoke-
houses, basements, icehouses) have been built
to store in food products, other constructions
(baths, laundry) - served for hygiene. The
simplest Creamery was box room on poles or
a few pillars, with walls of small logs with holes
or carcass with wicker filling. In a room on the
shelves the cheese had been drying. They also
could be construction of several storeys, with
room for cheeses had been in one of the top
floors. Creameries disappeared at the end of 19th
century, due to the changes in the consumption
of dairy products. Icehouse was meant for
keeping ice and food. Icehouses have been
mentioned in the inventories of the large and
middle-size manors. They consisted of wooden
crib or stone basement and construction above
the ground. Basements were meant for keeping
food, garden harvest. They have been used
for brewing mead and beer. Basements could
be of several types - constructions with part
above the ground and those, the construction
of which had been covered with soil. The size
of the basement depended on their function.
Smokehouses were vertical-sized structures of
expressive form; their architecture had subtle
mixture of different construction solutions and
materials. Smokehouses have come to use at
the end of the 18th century, when heating system
has changed and big chimneys have disappeared
from dwelling houses. Woodsheds also have
come to use at the end of the 18th century, at
the same time as new type of furnaces and
English stoves, in which the specially prepared
firing have been used. Woodsheds have been
the same type as sheds. At the beginning of the
17th century the bathhouse had been constructed
in large estates, near clean pond. If it was meant
for landowner, it had three rooms. Later at the
second half of the 17th century, when water
treatment contradicted hygienic conception,
bathhouses had disappeared. Noble families
of the 19th century bathed in the vats, movable
bathtubs, then stationary bathtubs have come
to use. Separate structures for bathing of manor
workers have been built again at the end of the
19th century.
Between the 16th century and the middle
of the 17th century homestead fences had been
weaved, made of recumbent logs or beams
or erect and sharp poles. From the middle of
the 17th stockades had been constructed; in the
18th century fences out of small pales had been
known; in the 19th century built jointed framed
fences and mixed construction fences had been
constructed. From 3 to 5 gateways of various
structure and smartness existed in large estates;
and from 2 to 4in — in smaller farms. The main
gate was the manor yard‘s gateway. Special
attention has been given to the manor yard's
gateway and the gates to the representative
garden - the park. Gates consisted of two or four
poles to which sash was attached. Gates were
symmetrical or asymmetrical, with lattice or
blind sashes, with brick or wooden poles, with
small roofs, a soiled iron stringer or wooden
linear on top.
Industrial buildings in Lithuania
By the end of the 19th century the majority
of products for local needs were produced in
small enterprises, which used manual labour and
simple home-based devices powered by muscle
(human or animal), wind or water energy.
Industrial buildings that are used to produce
product for local needs are divided by function:
for preparing food products - grain mills,
dairies, oil-mills, buildings for producing strong
drinks; for preparing building materials such
as sawmills, smithies, brickyards and limekilns
the same as buildings for producing textile or
utensils and implements (fulling mills, spinning
mills, weaving mills, carding mills, potteries).
Mills have been wind, water or muscle
(human or animal) powered. Windmills were
built according to the main design principle
- with almost horizontal windshaft (it was
Sunnary 551
not found); mills with vertical windshaft.
Watermills were with either a vertical wheel or
a horizontal turbine (the turbines were set in very
different ways). The vertical waterwheel comes
in three forms — the undershot wheel, breast shot
wheel and overshot wheel. Both the windmills
and watermills had direct power transmission
or transmission with the angle gear to transfer
power to the millstones. Most of the windmills
and watermills were built of wood, but there
were mills built of bricks, stones, and some
windmills were built of clay to which some
straw had been added. The construction of the
mills was very diverse.
The transition mechanism of a mill (mostly
water) also racked machines of a sawmill;
carding and spinning, fulling machines. They
were installed in outbuildings or mills (usually —
water). The fulling mills for the working of wool
consisted of two rooms at least, wool was hilled
in hot water, fulling mill’s stampers lifted by a
camshaft in one room. In other room the full wool
cloth was dried and glanced. Weaving workshops
were equipped in villages or town houses. For
weaving with jacquard looms establishments
with higher technologies were needed, so special
buildings for weaving workshops were built in
towns due to landlords* initiative and resources.
Linen textile workshops spread where flax was
mostly grown: the Northern, Central Lithuania
and the Western bank of the Nemunas River.
Initially, the functions of linen manufacturing
had been performed by threshing and storage
bams. The construction of individual buildings
has been launched since the middle of the 19th
century. Buildings have been constructed of
logs or framework, they had oblong rectangle or
cross plan, often with sheds, by outside similar
to storage bams, but smaller.
Potteries were small, rectangular buildings
with simple external and one or two rooms.
The burning stove stood in the same building
or in a different shed. Forges have been built
in roadsides, near intersections, in towns,
villages and estates. They were made of wood
(logs or framework, sometimes built of stone or
clay. Forges of villages and towns were small,
compact volume, rectangular, usually with one
and sometimes with two rooms, with spacious
garrets against wide double doors. Forges of
manors were larger and more diverse; there
sometimes were living quarters for a blacksmith.
Rural oil mill was a relatively high and
long building with doors and wide gates (for
the animal that turns the millstone to enter).
Sometimes sheds sheltered with pyramid or cone
roofs, with fitted millstones for linseeds to crush
had been constructed near the oil mills. Special
buildings for milk production and storage —
dairies — have existed since the end of the 18th
century in progressive farming estates. It was a
three-cell building with a porch and a chimney
in the centre in the 19th century. One end of it
was occupied by the main production room
and in the other end of the building — living and
storage rooms. There was often a cellar under
the building for dairy products.
Buildings which produced alcoholic
beverages have been built since ancient times.
Mead and beer came into use in the 11th century;
the production of vodka has been known since
the 15th century. Mead and beer were produced
and fermented in production baths, later - in
breweries, malt for beer - in malting, beer — in a
building or room, called brewery, and vodka - in
a building, which have been called a distillery
or a brewery. Mead and beer were matured and
stored in cellars. By the end of the 18th century
alcoholic beverage breweries were wooden, later
sometimes built of clay, bricks or stone. Only
landlords could construct alcoholic beverage
breweries. They were built in manor4s industrial
backyards or near rental inns. Production baths
were made up of a porch, where the beer was
brewed and a sauna, where the malt was
prepared. The buildings had been similar to
peasants’ baths. Malt kilns had been built in the
16th—17th centuries, in case they could not fit in
the brewery, which was intend for production.
They had been similar to baths (two cells)
or peasant houses (three cells). The building
consisted of a porch and a malting room; or a
552 Sunnary
porch, a cottage with a stove in one end and a
malt drying room ֊ in the other. Breweries have
been built with three cells. A brewery room with
equipment for beer brewing and production of
vodka was installed in the porch, with a malting
in one end and with the brewer’s premises ֊ at
the other. Sometimes malt drying rooms had
been mounted up to the attic. At the end of the
19th century small distilleries were closed after
the state restriction on alcoholic beverages.
The simple brickyards had only sheds
covering brick kilns. Usually it was rectangular
building, the walls of which had been lowered
into the soil; and 2 to 4 combustion chambers
had been available from the side of a slope. More
complex and diverse buildings had been built for
burning brick and clay products. These buildings
had rectangular or circular form. They had low-
framed walls knocked up out of planks or wattle.
Lime kilns had appeared simultaneously with
brick kilns. Those were rectangular or circular
kilns for lime burning. Kilns had been built in
holes dug in soil or installed in a slope for easy
burning. Lime kiln could be covered with an
uplifted on poles roof with one slope or two
slopes when the weather was inclement.
The architecture of industrial buildings has
always been simple. It has been determined by
primitive technological process. The change
of building forms was influenced by the
construction techniques and the progress of
technology.
521
Santrumpos.
Vietovardžių rodyklė
apyl. - apylinkės
aps.֊ apskritis
aut. - autonominis, (-ė)
bjk. ֊ bajorkaimis
bžk. ֊ bažnytkaimis
dv. ֊ dvaras
ekon. - ekonomija
etnogr. ֊ etnografinis
ež. - ežeras
gyvenv. ֊ gyvenvietė
glž. st. - geležinkelio stotis
gub. - gubernija
ist. - istorinė
k. - kaimas
kr. ֊ kraštas
kunig. - kunigaikštystė
mst. - miestas
mstl. - miestelis
par. ֊ parapija
pav. - pavietas
pik. - piliakalnis
plv. - palivarkas
r. — rajonas
reg. ֊ regionas
šen. - seniūnija
sr. - sritis
t. - tijūnystė
ter. ֊ teritorija
up. ֊ upė, upelis
vait. - vaitystė
vaiv. ֊ vaivadija
vysk. ֊ vyskupija
vlsč. - valsčius
vist. - valstybė
vtv. - vietovardis
ž. ֊ žemė
Abiejų Tautų Respublika, vist. 16-18, 364, 376,
230, 239, 242, 244
Abramaučizna (Trakų r.), dv. 430
Adakavas, mstl. 305, 313
Adornavas (prie Tenenių), dv. 367, 411
Adomynė, dv. 397, 399, 403
Adošiškė, dv. 455
Adutiškis, mstl. 310
Akmena (Ukmergės pav.), dv. 438
Akmenė (Raseinių r.), k. 294
Akmenė, mst. 254, 309; r. 247, 258, 263, 283, 284,
287. 298, 324, 380, 388,418, 439, 446, 449, 450,
454, 455, 493
Akmeniai, dv. 505
Aknystos, dv. 459
Alanta, mstl. 302, 309, 329
Alaviniškiai, k. 143
Alėjai, bžk. 297, 300
Aleksandrija, bžk. 232
Alešiškės, dv. 378, 417
Alytus, aps. 28, 60, 104, 154, 288; mst. 16, 328,
357; r. 74, 89, 92, 147, 153, 278, 289, 303, 306,
328, 343,459
Alka, k. 79, 144
Alkas, k. 74, 99
Alksnėnai, gyvenv. 168
Alovė, k. 74
Alsėdžiai, mstl. 194, 221, 229, 242, 243, 498
Alvitas, bžk. 167, 168; mstl. 307, 414
Amalija (Radviliškio r.), dv. 409
Ančia, ež. 177, 178
Ančiškiai, k. 257
Ančiškis, bžk. 167, 171, 297, 307
Andriejaičiai, k, 91
Andriškiai, k. 138
Anglija, vist. 17, 359
Anykščiai, dv. 357; mstl. 317, 331, 357; r. 50, 199,
239, 258, 263, 276, 296, 298, 303-305, 309, 311,
314, 336 387, 393, 394, 396,407, 409, 423, 434,
437, 441, 444, 445, 447, 455-460
Anomislis, dv. 432, 433, 456
Antagavė, k. 507
Antalamėstė, k. 75, 152
Antalgė, k. 88
Antalieptė, bžk., mstl. 167, 492
Antalksnė, k. 101
Antanavas, k. 259
Antazavė, bžk. 242, 272
Antseiniai, k. 87
Anuliškės, dv. 425
Apytalaukis, mstl. 302, 310
Arališkiai, k. 142
Ariogala, mstl. 193, 212 244, 299; vlsč. 14, 361
Aristavėlė, dv. 33, 54, 358, 383, 403, 505
Arvistava, dv. 81
Astraučyzna, dv. 387
Astruvka, dv,, plv. 447, 505, 506
Ašmena (Baltarusija), dv. 13, 427; mst. 360; pav.
522 Vietovardžių rodyklė
361, 362, 391, 410, 417, 424, 429, 440, 449, 452,
458, 459, 465, 466, 493, 503, 505; r. 335
Atesninkai, k. 60, 104
Atikonys, k. 72
Augustava (Panevėžio r.), dv. 368, 430
Auksūdys, k. 150
Aukštadvaris (Pakruojo r.), d v. 398
Aukštadvaris (Raseinių vlsč.), dv. 361, 423,431,432
Aukštadvaris (Trakų r.), pilis 360
Aukštadvaris (Vilniaus pav.), dv. 365, 384, 392,
424,452
Aukštaitija, etn. reg. 6, 30, 35, 36, 41,42, 53, 64,
70, 75, 84, 90, 96, 97, 100, 104, 110, 116-121, 130,
134, 147, 150, 152, 154, 204, 207, 220, 236, 244,
250, 275, 276, 278, 280, 281, 284, 288, 291, 366,
370, 375, 392, 496
Aukštakalniai, k. 336
Aukštieji Mozūriškiai, k. 275
Aukštoji Panemunė, mstl. 328
Aukštumalai, k. 89
Aukštutinė Kulva, dv. 395, 396
Aukupėnai, dv. 440
Austrija, vist. 17, 293, 296
Austrija-Vengrija, vist. 359
Aušbikavis, k. 94
Aušra (Anykščių r.), dv. 445, 458, 460
Aviliai, bžk. 241, 252
Avižieniai, dv. 440, 504, 505
Ąžuolyne, k. 142
Ąžuolų Būda, gyvenv. 168
Babtai, apyl. 498
Bačkininkėliai, pilis 359
Bagaslaviškis, bžk. 167, 169; dv. 406; mstl. 240
Bagdonai, dv. 500
Baisogala, mstl. 230, 301
Bajorai, k. 284
Balbieriškis, mstl. 328
Balingradas, bžk. 307
Balkaičiai, k. 255
Balninkai, dv. 112; mstl. 302, 310; plv. 423
Balniškiai, k. 120
Baltarusija, vist. 7, 22, 24 30, 31, 36, 40. 53, 56.
74, 81, 103, 105, 121, 141, 227, 236, 253, 260,
262, 264, 272, 288, 302, 316, 323, 334, 342
Balteniškė, k. 436
Baltija, jūra 95, 111,484
Baltoji Vokė, dv. 411, 413
Baltromiškė, k. 336, 339
Baltrukai, gyvenv. 335
Baltupė, k. 493
Baluošas, ež. 75
Bambininkai, pik. 359
Barevičiai (Kauno pav.), dv. 368
Barstyčiai, mstl. 262, 263
Batakiai, bžk. 167; mstl. 310
Batausiai, k. 94
Baumiliškės, dv. 407
Bazilionai, bžk. 167
Bebrujai, k. 81
Beinartovičiai, k. 90
Beinoriškis, dv. 459
Beištrakiai, k. 298
Beižionys, pik. 359; dv.,valda 360, 366
Bekupė, dv. 438, 440, 445
Belazariškiai, k. 199
Belazariškis, dv. 389
Belimpolės, dv. 502
Berezina, up. 11
Beržai (Kėdainių r.), dv. 407
Beržėnai, vlsč. 14,
Beržininkai, dv. 409
Beržoras, bžk. 232, 234, 254, 260
Betygala, vlsč. 455
Beviršiai, k. 57
Bielėnai, k. 63
Bielica (Lydos pav.), dv. 362, 378, 410, 465
Bigeliai, vtv. 507
Bijotai, dv. 387, 401; k. 286
Birštonas, mstl. 332; vlsč. 35, 60, 140, 150, 155
Biržai, kr. 275; mst. 16,302, 317, 340; r. 122, 132,
133,240, 241, 252, 254,257,259, 260,281. 290,303,
304,307,311, 332, 336,374,409,431,492,499
Birželės, dv. 409
Biržinėnai (Biržuvėnai), vlsč. 14
Biržuvėnai, dv. 367, 368, 372, 384, 389, 390,
404-406, 411, 412, 422, 433, 448, 458, 462, 499,
500, 502; k. 295
Biržų Laukas, bjk. 366, 392
Bitė, up. 79
Bitėnai, k. 79
Bitniškiai, dv. 409
Bividovičiai, k. 81
Bizantija, imperija 342
Byvainiai, plv. 409
Blinstrubiškiai, dv. 358, 383, 384, 386, 389, 390
Bliūdžiai (Ukmergės pav.), dv. 425
Bobriškis, k. 336, 338
Brazdeikiai, k. 49
Brazinskiai, dv. 404, 405
Braziūkai, k. 495
Breslauja (Braclavas), mst. 11; pav. 16, 365, 382,
425, 432, 438, 454, 455, 470, 506
Brėvikiai, dv. 395, 400, 428
Bruknyne, dv. 430, 431
Budriai (Ignalinos r.), dv. 398
Budriai, bžk. 262; k. 114
Budrikiai, dv. 383, 437, 445, 446
Būdvietis, dv. 428, 429
Bugeniai, dv. 398, 402, 404, 405
Vietovardžių rodyklė 523
Būgiai, dv. 463
Buivydonys, pik. 359
Buivydžiai, mstl. 304-306
Bukonys, bžk. 168
Burbiškis (Radviliškio r.), dv. 411, 414
Butkaičiai (Tendžiogalos vlsč.), pi v. 362
Butkiškė (Ariogalos vlsč.), dv. 361
Butkiškė, bžk. 301, 307
Butrimonys (Alytaus r.), bžk. 167; mstl. 169, 303
Čedasai, bžk. 304; dv. 39
Čekija, vist. 36
Čekiškė, mstl. 306, 307
Čekoniškės, dv. 440
Čepeliūnai, k. 278
Čeponiai (Gruzdžių vis), bjk. 139, 370, 371, 392,
402,403, 430
Čerkosai, k. 141
Čiadasai (Vilniaus pav.), dv. 415, 418, 440, 449,
450, 455, 461, 465, 505, 506
Čiobiškis, dv. 454, 455; mstl. 309
Čiulai, dv. 406
Čiulėnai, k. 491, 496
Čižiūnai, k. 35, 43, 47, 49
Dabužiai, k. 83
Dagiliai (Ukmergės pav.), dv. 412
Dainava, k. 105
Danija, vist, 90, 111
Danilava, dv. 440, 437
Darbėnai, dv. 357; vlsč. 278
Dargaliai, dv. 451
Dargužiai, k. 39, 43, 52, 84
Darsūniškis, mstl. 169, 170, 175, 261
Daržininkai, k. 279
Dauburaičiai, dv., plv. 409, 460, 461
Daubutiškės, k. 491, 496, 497
Daubutiškiai (Ašmenos r.), k. 342
Daugai, mstl. 177, 303
Daugpilis, mst. 168
Dauguva, up. 11
Daugužiai, dv. 398
Daujėnai, bžk. 167, 168
Daumantiškiai, dv. 411,413
Dauniškiai, k. 485
Daunorava (Joniškio r.), dv. 368, 444
Davongalis, bjk. 409
Debeikiai, bžk. 296, 304, 311, 314
Degėsiai, k. 491
Degučiai, bžk. 236, 237
Deimena, up. 78
Deliatičiai, dv. (Naugarduko pav.) 361, 376, 378, 410
Deltuva, mstl. 257, 303; ž. 356
Didieji Grūžiai (Kalneliškiai), dv. 394
Didysis Pajūris, dv. žr. Pajūralis
Didkiemis, bžk. 245
Didžiadvario-Lesnictvos ekon. 87
Didžpamūšis (Pliaterių Pamūšis), dv. 394
Dieveniškės, mstl. 177, 499
Digraičiai, dv. 428
Diliai, bžt. 254; k. 122
Dimšiai, k. 296
Dirgalis, k. 57, 98, 99
Dirgėlai, k. 366
Dirvėnai, vlsč. 14
Dysna, up. 11
Dniepras, up. 11
Dotnuva, mstl. 169
Dragaudžiai, k. 281, 298, 299
Drevema, k. 118
Drobiškės, k. 84
Drobiškiai (Jonavos r.), dv. 370, 395, 396, 440,
441, 466
Druskininkai, mstl. 332, 333
Druvetas, ež. 11
Dubakloms, k. 133, 137
Dubičiai, bžk. 169, 175
Dubingiai, kunig. 380, 456; mstl. 221, 310
Duburiai, k. 336, 339
Dubininkas, k. 75, 77, 143
Dubysa, up. 278, 491
Dūdos (Ašmenos pav.), dv. 364, 367, 392, 416,
417, 424, 431, 432, 440, 458,459, 469, 493
Dūkštas, apyl. 122
Dūkštas, gyvenv. 168; mstl. 336
Dūkšteliai (Vilniaus r.), dv. 408
Dūkštos, bžk. 231
Dusetos, mstl. 115, 240, 310, 311
Dusmenys, mstl. 297
Dvareliškiai, k. 107
Dvariškiai, k. 149
Dzūkija, etn. reg. 6, 41, 59, 64, 72, 75, 76, 84, 90,
95, 116, 123, 130, 133, 134, 142, 144, 145, 149,
151, 154, 278-280, 284, 288, 289, 291
Džiuginėnai, dv. 367, 395, 411, 413, 416, 426,
434, 455
EirimaiČiai, dv. 377, 417, 438
Eišiškės, mstl. 177, 192, 202, 302, 310; r. 39, 43,
52, 74
Eitulionys, bjk. 366
Erlėnai, k. 134
Ersla, k. 297, 298
Eržvilkas, mstl. 181,182,202,211,248,249,263,277
Estija, vist. 36, 118
Europa, žemynas 6, 7, 10, 11, 14-17, 19, 20, 24,
27, 32, 36, 46, 52, 53, 64, 93, 117, 119, 152, 176,
291, 294, 296, 321, 323, 340, 359, 362, 364, 375,
378, 382, 393, 439, 502
Ežerskio plv. 408
524 Vietovardžių rodyklė
Fedariškis, dv. 503
Ferdinantava, dv. 407
Ferma (Panevėžio r.), k. 336, 338
Gabrielava, dv. 428
Gaižiūnai, dv. 332
Gaižuvėlė, dv. 437
Galinė, dv. 421, 423, 448, 451
Galiniškis, d v. 393
Gandinga, vlsč. 14
Gardinas, gub. 20, 22, 81; mst. 11, 13, 323, 342,
460, 467, 469; pav. 16, 362, 391, 410, 417, 453;
pilis 37; sr. 272
Gargždai, apyl. 117; mstl. 271, 301, 302
Gaiyšiai (Viduklės pav.), dv. 362
Gasčiūnai (Kėdainių r.), dv. 409, 428, 437, 438
Gasčiūnai, bžk. 261, 307; k. 93
Gastilioniai, k. 289
Gaurė (Telšių pav.), dv. 380
Gaurė, mstl. 301, 302
Gaureliai, dv. 377, 470
Gaveikiai, plv. 380,456
Gavėnaičiai, dv. 438
Gečionys, dv. 393, 394, 441; k. 50
Gedvilaičiai, dv. 421
Gegabrasta, k. 332-334
Gegužinė (Vilniaus r.), dv. 457, 461
Gegužinė, bžk. 169
Geidžiai, bžk. 246
Geisteriškiai, k, 137
Geistūnai, dv. 367
Gelgaudiškis, dv. 379, 382,410, 434, 451, 463,
465, 503, 506
Geluva, dv. 402, 430, 432
Gelvonai, mstl. 304, 305, 310, 331
Geniai, k. 144
Geranainys (Subatininkas; Ašmenos pav.), dv. 362,
376, 378, 380
Gerdžiogala, k. 271
Germaniškis (Armoniškis; Ašmenos pav.), dv. 364,
389, 391, 418, 429, 449,452, 465, 503
Gervėčiai, kr. 141
Giedraičiai, mstl. 272, 310, 328, 330
Gikonys, k. 254
Gilija, k. 86, 106, 129; up. 86
Gilvyčiai, dv. 377, 417, 502
Gimbogala, vait. 81
Gineitiškės, dv. 412
Gintališkė, bžk. 247, 248, 265
Gintautai, dv. 405
Girbutkiai, k. 29
Girelė, k. 336-338
Girininkai (Lydos pav.), dv. 364, 365, 389
Girkantiškė, dv. 408
Girsteikiškis, dv. 448
Glitiškės, dv. 431,459
Godeliai, k. 115
Gorodyščiai (Gorodnica; Gardino sr.), dv. 358
Gorodnica (prie Gardino), dv. 469
Graudūšiai, dv. 404,426
Gražiškiai, mstl. 313
Grinkiškis, apyl. 483; dv. 368, 397; mstl. 193, 229,
301
Griškabūdis, mstl. 279
Griškiškė (Griškaučizna), dv. 425, 426
Grybai, dv. 389, 411, 412, 428^130, 438
Gruožninkai-Gruožninkėliai, k. 85
Gruožninkėliai, k. 298
Grūstė, k. 254, 258
Grūšlaukė, bžk. 167, 260
Gruzdžiai, apyl. 483; dv. 54; mstl. 256, 297, 304,
305; vlsč. 370, 341, 392, 403, 430, 485
Grūžiai (Upytės pav.), dv. 362, 380, 381, 428, 434,
443
Gudiškiai, k. 336
Guogai, pilis 359
Holdovas (Vilniaus vaiv.), dv. 388
Ibutoniai, k. 100
įganai, k. 98
Ignalina, glž. st. 331; r. 37, 38, 53, 76, 77, 84, 131,
141, 232, 237, 260, 264, 271, 276, 280, 297, 302,
310, 330, 331, 398, 406, 407, 409, 425,426, 444,
445, 449,450, 507
Ignotiškis, plv. 409
Ilgiai, dv. 465
Ilgižiai, dv. 372
Ilguva, bžk. 249, 250, 263, 264; dv. 40, 364, 368,
382,383,434; k. 48
Ilzenbergas, dv. 460
Imbarė, k. 253
Inketriai, dv. 443, 445
Inturkė, mstl. 302, 309
Išdagiečiai, k. 62
įvija (Vija; Baltarusija), dv. 358, 362, 410
Ivoškiai, k. 255
Įsra, up. 78
Įsrutis, vlsč. 110
Jablonovščizna, dv. 457, 467
Jagėlava (Jonavos r.), plv. 371, 372, 438, 440
Jakiškiai, k. 255
Jakubiškė, k. 107
Jakubovskiai, k. 366
Jakunskiai (Ašmenos pav.), dv. 392, 438
Janapolė, dv. 423, 456; mstl. 245
Janušava, dv. 447
Jarubaičiai, k. 113
Vietovardžių rodyklė 525
Jasinevičiai (Vilniaus vaiv.), dv. 394
Jasiuliškiai, k. 260
Jasnagurka, dv. 430
Jasonys, dv. 455
Jauneikiai, k. 260
Jauniškė, dv. 443
Jaunodava (Kaltinėnai), dv. 362, 377
Jeruzalė, mst. 317, 323
Jieznas, mstl. 177, 300, 310, 391; viso. 108
Jokūbavą (Anykščių r.), dv. 388
Jonava, mstl. 331; r. 141, 310, 336, 394, 395, 398,
399, 404, 411,421, 422, 430, 434, 435, 436, 438,
440, 441, 451,466; vlsč. 275
Joniškėlis, mstl. 311
Joniškis (Šiaulių aps.), k. 41
Joniškis, apyl. 488, 495; mst. 16, 202, 301, 305,
309; r. 122, 216, 255, 260, 261, 290, 301, 302, 304,
305, 307, 374, 409, 437, 444, 484, 490; vlsč. 93
Josvainiai, mstl. 190, 196, 197, 499; vlsč. 14, 495
Judeikiai (Upytės pav.), dv. 423
Jukniškiai, k. 277
Jundeliškės, dv. 459
Jungiris, k. 84
Juodaviškiai, k. 108
Juodė, dv. 393, 394, 425
Juodiškiai, dv. 397
Juodiškis (Joduvka; Švenčionių r.), bjk. 370, 405,
470
Juodkrantė, k. 85, 86
Jurbarkas, dv. 376, 428, 466; mst. 16; mstl. 211,
278, 315, 317—323, 328; r. 202, 248, 263, 301, 307,
397; šen. 19; vlsč. 277
Jurgeliškiai (Lazdijų r.), dv. 396
Jurkiškiai (Vilniaus vaiv.), dv. 394
Jutkoniai (Panevėžio r.), dv. 368, 394, 401,430;
k. 293
Jūžintai, mstl. 115
Kadaičiai, k. 138, 282
Kadžiai, k. 146
Kaibučiai, k. 135
Kairėnai (prie Vilniaus), dv. 367
Kairėnai, k. 507
Kaišiadorys, mst. 357; r. 402, 254, 261, 263, 276,
289, 297, 302, 310, 330, 331
Kaliningradas, sr. 24
Kalnalis, bžk. 246, 297
Kalnėnai (Telšių r.), dv. 385, 434, 440, 449
Kalnujai, bžk. 300
Kalpokai, k. 490
Kaltanėnai, bžk. 169; dv. 357
Kaltinėnai, dv. 358, 428; mstl. 259, 302, 303; vlsč.
14
Kalvarija, aps. 91; mst. 210; pav. 18
Kalviai, bžk. 169
Kamajai, mstl. 176, 302
Kamenka (prie Naugarduko), bjk. 382
Kanopėnai, k. 136
Kantaučiai, bžk. 167
Kantvainiai, k. 487
Kapčiamiestis, mstl. 261
Karaliaučius, mst. 7, 55, 91,
Karelija, ter. 36, 56
Kargaudai, k. 48
Karklė, k. 85
Kark tenai, vlsč. 14
Karmėlava, bžk. 239
Karšuva, vlsč. 14, 362, 366, 377, 428
Kartena, mstl. 124, 259, 260, 266
Karūžiškė, dv. 428
Karveliškis, dv. 431
Karvys, dv. 401,444, 501
Kašučiai, k. 63
Katauskiai, dv. 406
Katyčiai, mstl. 267, 268
Kaukliai, dv. 463
Kaulakio (Panevėžio r.), dv. 368
Kaunas, apyl. 427; aps. 28, 275; gub. 19—22, 93,
94, 330, 336; kr. 279; mst. 13, 91, 167, 328, 331,
342, 361, 423, 429, 443, 450, 461, 463; r. 87, 89,
94, 141, 189, 193, 207, 239, 250, 263, 266, 276,
289, 298, 306, 328, 407, 421, 437, 440, 495
Kaunatava, mstl. 332—334
Kaušiadala, dv. 416
Kavarskas, mstl. 296, 305, 309
Kavoliškis, dv. 388, 422, 423
Kazanės žemės 342
Kazimierava (Kauno r.), dv. 407, 437
Kazliškėlis, dv. 384, 411,412
Kazliškis, bžk. 252; gyvenv. 168
Kazlų Rūda, gyvenv. 168
Kėdainiai, aps. 53, 62, 94, 119, 147, 275; apyl.
427; dv. 32, 361, 378, 410, 420, 424, 504, 506; kr.
279; mst. 16, 185, 192, 241, 317, 331, 357, 363,
470, 499; r. 33, 54, 135, 190, 239, 241, 242, 257,
276, 290, 296-298, 305, 307, 358, 383, 394, 397,
405, 407, 422, 423, 428, 430, 437, 438, 440, 484,
487, 488, 492, 505, 507
Kiaunorių dv. 41
Kelmė, dv. 361, 410, 431, 436, 504; kr. 277; mstl.
209, 313, 318, 321; r. 202 232-234, 246, 254, 255,
265, 266, 271, 298, 303, 309, 310, 313, 318, 324,
325, 332, 385, 386, 390, 395, 407, 415, 420, 421,
432, 455, 465, 469; vlsč. 14, 384
Kelpšaičiai, dv. 389
Kenstavičiai, dv. 398
Kerbedžiai (Šilalės r.), dv. 368
Kereliškė, dv., plv. 407, 408
Kernavė, mst. 13; mstl. 232, 258, 306, 307; pilis 359
Ketūnai, k. 255, 258, 297, 298
526 Vietovardžių rodyklė
Keturakiai, d v. 415. 437, 446
Keturiasdešimt Totorių, k. 315, 341-343
Kiaunoriai, bžk. 271; dv. 361, 395, 436, 443
Kiduliai, dv. 420
Kiemeliškės, mstl. 331
Kiemėnai, dv. 501, 502
Kietaviškės, bžk. 307, 308
Kijevas, mst. 36
Kirdeikiai, k. 37, 43, 121, 131
Kirkšliai, k. 51
Kimės, dv. 441, 442
Klaipėda, apyl. 495; aps. 45, 109, 114, 139; kr. 29;
mst. 91,484, 488; r. 111, 117, 155, 235,255,271,
290, 488
Klebonai, k. 43, 141
Kleckas, kunig. 11
Klepočiai, k. 44
Klepšiai, k. 35
Kleviniai, k. 254, 255
Klykoliai, bžk. 247
Kocinskio plv. 380
Kolainiai, mstl. 332, 333
Kolnolarai, gyvenv. 341
Konciapolis, dv. 398
Kotlovas, dv. 467, 469
Kozaklarai, gyvenv. 341
Krakės, mstl. 239, 296
Krasnėnai (Vilniaus vaiv.), dv. 368, 388
Kraštai, dv. 43 1
Kražiai, mstl. 177, 178, 193, 204, 317, 325-327;
vlsč. 14,361,436, 443
Krekštėnai, k. 89
Krepšiagalys, dv. 457
Kretinga, apyl. 276; aps. 42, 51, 84, 94, 99, 278,
286; mst. 16, 205, 294; r. 57, 63, 91, 98, 106, 114,
123, 124, 126, 134, 142, 146, 150, 246, 253, 260,
262, 265-267, 285, 286, 290, 297, 309, 499
Kretingalė, apyl. 484; mstl. 267, 268
Kretuonas, k. 38
Kretuonys, k. 81
Krėva, d v. 13; mst. 342
Kriaunos, mstl. 336
Krikliniai, bžk. 167, 168
Krinčinas, mstl. 307-309, 331
Kriukai, mstl. 214
Kriūkai, mstl. 501
Krivonys, bžk. 169
Krymas, ter. 340, 342
Krokuva, mst. 355
Kruonė, up. 174
Kruonis, mstl. 172-174, 195, 201, 317
Kruopiai, k. 38
Kudlos, k. 399, 402, 430
Kudrėnai, dv. 417, 421
Kuipeliai, k. 47
Kuktiškės, mstl. 302
Kuliai, mstl. 258, 259
Kulva (Kauno pav.), bžk. 169; dv. 361,428, 430
Kumpikai (Telšių r.), dv. 369, 398, 399,405, 424,
440
Kunigiškiai, k. 199
Kuosenėliai, k. 104
Kupiškis, aps. 80; mstl. 168, 193, 196, 239, 485; r.
104, 115, 119, 179, 244, 254,311,385,397,400,
438, 440
Kupreliškis, mstl. 252
Kūrai, k. 278
Kurkliai, dv. 385; mstl. 263, 309; vlsč. 281
Krūmaičiai, k. 255
Kurmeliai, dv. 409
Kuršių marios 78, 95
Kurtuvėnai, dv. 357, 361, 376,410, 415, 420,421,
427, 428, 456, 504; mstl. 301, 357
Kvedariškis, k. 336, 339
Kvėdarna, dv. 361, 431, 432,434, 456, 470; mstl.
203, 240
Kvetkai, mst. 241, 304, 307
Labanoras, mstl. 307, 308, 310, 331
Labardžiai (Plungės r.), k. 294, 295
Labūnava, bžk. 297
Laibiškiai, dv. 403, 404
Laičiai, dv. 440, 444
Laiteliai, k. 50
Laižuva, mstl. 20, 92, 302, 325, 326
Lamokai, k. 259
Lančiūnava, bžk. 168
Lankupiai, k. 79, 139
Lapeikiai, dv. 408
Lašmenpamūšis, dv. 397, 400
Latgala, etn. ter. 240, 253
Latvija, vist. 31, 36, 61, 90, 118, 217, 227, 237,
253, 262, 288, 290, 335, 339
Laukininkai, k. 108
Lauksodis, bžk. 235, 237, 263, dv. 405
Laukuva, dv. 111; mstl. 171, 172, 256
Laukžemė, mstl. 263; par. 167
Laumėnai, k. 258
Lavoriškės, pilis 359
Lazdijai, mst. 16; mstl. 315; r. 57, 61, 63, 89, 107,
183,239, 261,397, 427, 429
LDK, vist. 7, 11-14, 16-19, 22, 61, 74, 87, 91,
170, 187, 197, 200, 315, 331, 336, 340, 360, 362,
375, 502
Lebeniškiai, k. 332
Leipalingis, mstl. 183,239
Lėlaičiai, k. 283
Leliškiai, dv. 417
Leliūnai, mstl. 296, 314
Lembas, dv. 111; k. 124
Vietovardžių rodyklė 527
Lėnas, bžk. 304—306
Lenkija, vist. 11, 16, 18, 24, 30, 36, 54, 58, 91, 111,
118, 129, 229, 230, 232, 240, 242, 244, 249, 253,
260, 262, 266, 288, 293, 316, 323, 334, 340, 342,
355, 359, 385-387
Lenkijos Karalystė žr. Lenkija
Lenkimai, mstl. 262, 307
Lentvaris, mstl. 331
Leonpolis, dv. 422, 423
Lerliai (Betygalos vlsč.), dv. 455
Liauda, ž. 356
Liaudiškiai, k. 81
Liberiškis, d v. 415, 422
Libertava, dv. 425
Lieplaukė, k. 34; mstl. 312
Liepoja, mst. 91
Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštystė žr. LDK
Liginiškiai, gyvenv. 335
Linkavičiai, dv. 398
Linkmenys, apyl. 81; dv. 376, 415, 417, 428, 465;
mstl. 181,330, 331
Linkuva, mstl. 208, 368, 499; par. 357; vlsč. 93
Lioliai, mstl. 234, 266
Liubavas, bžk. 167
Liubiškė, dv., plv. 408, 456
Liubiškiai, dv. 501
Liublinas, apyl. 239; mst. 16
Liudvinavas, mstl. 328
Livonija, vist. 16
Livonijos ordinas 10, 12
Lyda, dv. 13; mst. 16, 342; 362, 410, 465
Lyduokiai, dv. 459; mstl. 310, 311
Lygumai, apyl. 484; 302
Lynežeris, k. 75, 76, 175
Lomžos žemės 244
Loskas (Ašmenos pav, Baltarusija), dv. 358, 360,
410
Lukiškės, Vilniaus priemiestis, 342, 343
Luknėnai, k. 100
Luoba, dv. 377, 470
Luodis, dv. 28, 414
Luokė, mstl. 210, 213, 257, 309
Magūnai (Breslaujos pav.), dv. 382, 426, 432, 470;
k. 271
Maineivos, k. 336, 337
Maironiai, bžk. 313
Maišiagala, dv. 364, 365, 385, 388, 411, 416, 423,
435, 438, 440, 465; mstl. 328
Makniūnai, dv. 459
Maksvos, dv. 43, 434
Mančiagirė, k. 58
Mankovičiai, dv. 389
Mantagailiškiai, dv. 504
Marcinkonys, gyvenv. 168
Margininkai, bžk. 250, 266
Marijampolė, aps. 91; pav. 18; r. 61, 89, 210, 249,
250, 259, 297, 328
Martyniškis (prie Žeimių), dv. 404, 411
Marvilius (Marviliai), dv. 394
Maskva, apyl. 56; mst. 336, 340
Maslauskiškiai, k. 492
Matrosovka, k. žr. Gilija
Mažeikiai, aps. 30, 33, 43, 46, 84, 144, 283, 284;
glž. st. 331; mst. 284; r. 48, 106, 126, 132, 146,
209, 213, 216, 235, 246, 255, 257, 258, 263, 269,
283, 286, 292, 297, 302, 303, 306, 312, 325, 374,
397, 398, 400-402, 408, 414, 430, 441, 499, 502
Mažieji Dirvėnai, vlsč. 387, 417, 424, 425, 443,
444, 450
Mažieji Mažeikiai (Vilniaus vaiv.), dv. 413
Mažiškė, k. 501
Mažoji Lietuva, etn. reg. 6, 8, 16, 22, 27, 33, 38,
42, 44, 47, 48, 52, 54, 59-61, 63, 64, 69-71, 74,
78, 79, 85, 89, 90, 94, 97, 106, 107, 115, 116, 118,
119, 130, 134, 135, 138-140, 142, 143, 144, 148,
151, 154, 156,354, 359
Mėčionys, k. 84
Medeliukai, dv. 430
Medingėnai, bžk. 232; dv. 438; k. 100; vlsč. 14
Mediškiemiai, k. 86
Mediškiemis, k. 79
Medsėdžiai, k. 99, 117, 125
Melagėnai, bžk. 167; mstl. 331
Melniai, k. 490
Mereckowscyzna (Naugarduko vaiv), dv. 389
Merkinė (Turgeliai), dv. 424
Merkinė, mst., mstl. 16, 95, 169, 207
Mesopotamija, ist. ter. 340
Meteliai, bžk. 167, 168
Miciūnai, k. 90
Mikniškės, k. 332
Mikniūnai, k. 499
Milagainiai, dv. 421, 434, 435
Miliūnai, k. 336
Minaičiai, k. 107
Minauka, k. 336
Minčia, giria 504
Minija, k. 57, 86
Minskas, gub. 22; mst. 11; sr. 272
Mirabelis, dv. 383, 385, 435, 440
Miras, mst. 343
Miroslavas, mstl. 176
Mirskiškė, dv. 404, 405
Miškogalis, k. 79
Mištūnai, k. 123
Mitėniškiai (Jonavos r.), dv. 369
Myta, dv. 302, 355
Mockaičiai, k. 297
Mogiliovas, gub. 22
528 Vietovardžių rodyklė
Molėtai, mstl. 302, 331; r. 30, 179, 221, 272, 276,
297, 302, 307, 309, 310, 328, 330, 393, 406, 418,
423,425, 431-^33, 438, 440, 441, 443-445, 448,
453, 456, 485, 491, 496
Moluvėnai (Trakų r.), k. 340
Morkiškiai, k. 287
Mosėdis, mstl. 271, 296, 305, 306, 313, 499
Mostoltovičiai, dv. 444
Mozūrai, k. 89
Muniškiai, bžk. 298
Musninkai, dv. 384; mstl. 186, 191, 263
Musteika, k. 75, 102, 175
Nalšia, ž. 356
Narūnai (Ukmergės pav.), dv. 379, 380, 416, 417,
424, 434, 503,504
Narvydiškė, dv. 444
Narvydžiai, k. 261
Naugardukas (Baltarusija), mst. 11, 331, 342, 343;
pav. 361,410, 467; r. 335; vaiv. 355
Naujamiestis, mstl. 309, 340
Naujasodė, k. 102
Naujieji Rytprūsiai, vist. dalis 18
Naujikai, dv. 406
Naujoji Vilnia, gyvenv. 332, 333
Naujoji Žagarė, mstl. 302
Naujokai (Jonavos r.), bjk. 370, 371, 404, 441, 442,
451
Nausėdai, k. 79
Nečėnai, k. 336, 337
Nedingė, bžk. 171, 198, 199; dv. 397
Nemajūnai, mstl. 297
Nemakščiai, mstl. 255
Nemenčinė, apyl. 81; dv. 362, 376, 410, 462, 463
Nemėžis, k. 315, 342-344
Nemirseta, k. 484
Nemunas, up. 11, 13, 71, 78, 80, 86, 89, 93, 95,
108, 129, 169, 290, 430, 436
Nevarėnai, apyl. 287
Nevėžis, up. 483, 491
Nevėžninkai, d v. 420
Nida, gyvenv. 31, 128, 129; k. 85, 86; mstl. 290
Nyderlandai, vist. 17
Nolėnai, k. 82
Noriškiai, dv. 408
Norkūnai, k. 157
Norkūnai-Norkūnėliai, k. 85
Norušiai, k. 119, 148
Norvegija, vist. 50, 111
Novaičiai (Raseinių pav.), dv. 364, 365, 387, 438
Novgorodas, pilis 37
Obeliai, mstl. 306
Okainėliai, k. 147
Olandija, vist. 95
Onuškis (Rokiškio r.), mstl. 241, 303-305
Onuškis (Trakų r.), dv. 357; mstl. 357
Opstainiai, k. 79
Ožkabaliai, k. 59, 127
Paašvijis, dv. 408
Pabaiskas, mstl. 302
Paberžė (Kėdainių r.), bžk. 307
Paberžė (Vilniaus r.), mstl. 328
Pabiržė, dv. 438, 439, 463, 466
Pabradė, mstl. 179
Padaliai, k. 120
Padievytis, dv. 395, 434
Padirvoniai, dv. 437
Padubysys (Raseinių r.), dv. 368,424, 432-^134;
vlsč. 107
Paežerė, k. 276
Paežeriai, k. 81, 336-338, 451; vait. 81
Pagėgiai, aps. 109, 144; sav. 79; šen. 90, 493
Pagilbiškis, k. 280
Pagiriai, k. 28
Pagramantis, dv. 383; mstl. 307, 308
Pagriežiai, k. 31
Pailgotis, dv. 392
Paįstrys, dv. 456
Pajuostis, dv. 394
Pajūralis (Didysis Pajūris), dv. 356, 357
Pajūris, dv. 458, 459; vlsč. 14, 361, 367, 431,456,
470, 504, 505
Pakalnė, k. 98
Pakalniai, bžk. 167
Pakalniškiai, k. 489
Paketiniai, k. 80
Pakiaunys, dv. 449
Pakražantis, bžk. 232; dv. 364, 365, 443
Pakriaunys, dv. 425
Pakruojis, mstl. 182, 285, 315, 324, 325; r. 101,
122, 208, 244, 255, 263, 265, 294, 302, 374, 405,
422, 440,457, 483, 484, 490, 499
Pakuršė, ter. 20, 92
Palanga, gyvenv. 31, 70; vlsč. 14
Palankesiai, dv. 394, 400, 403, 404, 414,422,430
Palaukiai, k. 254
Palestina, ist. ter. 323
Palėvenė, bžk. 311; gyvenv. 168
Paliepiai, dv. 397
Paliesė (Panevėžio r.), dv. 369, 394, 395, 400, 401
Paliesė, ist. ter. 240, 242
Pališkiai, k. 507
Pališkiai-Pališkėliai, k. 85
Paliūniškis (Panevėžio r.), dv. 372
Palomenė, bžk. 171
Palonai, dv. 458, 459
Palūšė, bžk. 232, 237. 238, 261, 263, 297, 302, 310
Pamūšis (prie Linkuvos), dv. 368
Vietovardžių rodyklė
529
Pandėlys, mstl. 193, 194
Pandėlys, mstl. 296, 304, 312, 314
Panemunė, dv. 28
Panemunė, ter. 92, 95
Panemunėlis, apyl. 484, 385, 386, 402; mstl. 296
Panemunis (prie Nemuno), dv., plv. 430, 463
Panemunis, bžk. 168; mstl. 239, 309, 311
Paneriai (Trakų r.), dv. 423
Panevėžiukas, dv. 36, 377, 415, 417, 436, 443
Panevėžys, apyl. 427; aps. 30, 43, 94, 141, 147,
149, 157; mst. 168, 196, 200, 302, 315, 317, 324,
332, 333, 335, 340, 341, 484; r. 35, 100, 115,
143, 217, 233, 241, 252, 254, 264, 270, 271, 276,
281, 293, 296, 302, 304, 309, 336, 340, 387, 389,
394—396, 398, 401, 405, 407, 414, 415, 421, 422,
428, 430, 455, 456, 484, 502
Panošiškės, k. 44
Paobelys (Ukmergės r.), dv. 428
Paparčiai, bžk. 169-171
Papečiai, k. 107
Papiliai, k. 258
Papilys, mstl. 240, 303, 311
Papynaujis, dv. 386, 391
Paragaudis, k. 116
Paramotėlis (Paramotis; Kelmės vlsč.), dv. 384
Parausiai, k. 127
Parovėja, up. 507
Parudaminys, dv. 432
Parudinė, dv. 397, 403
Pasausiškis, dv. 460
Paskutiškiai, k. 339
Pasvalys, mstl. 187, 202, 303, 332, 333, 340; r.
122, 257, 272, 296, 303, 307, 311, 312, 332, 333,
394, 463,501,502
PaŠaminė, bžk. 310
Pašatrija, dv. 384, 446
Pašiaušė, mstl. 283, 298
Pašilė, mstl. 246, vlsč. 14
Paširvintis II, d v. 417, 419
Pašumeris (Kėdainių r.), dv. 368, 394
Pašušvys, vlsč. 288
Pašvitinys, apyl. 484
Patumšiai, vlsč. 14
Patvēris, dv. 394, 397
Paupys, bžk. 313
Pavandenė, mstl. 244, 246, 247, 265; vlsč. 14
Pavėzgiai (Pakruojo r.), dv. 369, 457
Pavilkijys, dv. 383
Pavirvytis, dv. 368, 396, 400, 401, 403, 406, 421,
425,441,462
Pavištytis, k. 64
Pavoverė, bžk. 240, 262, 313
Pažiegė, k. 47
Peleniai, k. 79
Pelesa, apyl. 48
Pelyšėlės, dv. 437
Pempės, k. 336
Perelozai, k. 336, 337, 339
Peršėkė, k. 288
Pervalka, gyvenv. 290; k. 85, 86
Pesiai, d v. 427
Peskai, gyvenv. 323
Peteša, dv. 411, 417, 458, 459
Petkūnai, k. 487, 488
Petkūniškis, dv. 409, 440, 441
Petraičiai, k. 33, 126, 146
Petraučizna, dv. 444
Pienionys, dv. 396
Pieštuvėnai, plv. 391
Pikeliai (Mažeikių r.), mstl. 235, 236
Pilkėniai, k. 299
Pilviškiai, mstl. 328
Pinskas, kunig. 11
Pivašiūnai, mstl. 303
Pivorai, k. 37
Pizaninas (Ignalinos r.), dv. 444, 445
Pyvorai, k. 60
Plateliai, dv. 454, 455; mstl. 219, 234, 304-306;
vlsč. 286
Plauciškės, k. 131
Plinkšės, dv. 502
Plyniai, k. 486
Plungė, mst. 200, 302, 494; r. 57, 90, 98, 100, 101,
118, 203, 219, 221, 232, 234, 243, 247, 255, 256,
258-260, 265, 282, 285, 292, 294, 297, 302, 304,
306, 324, 383, 408, 415, 437, 445, 446, 453, 455,
498; vlsč. 113, 114, 282
Plutiškės, bžk. 249
Pociūnėliai, bžk. 167, 244
Polekėlė, bžk. 262; dv. 382, 459
Polockas, mst. 16
Porijai, k. 257
Poškos apyl. 285
Pošupės, k. 255, 256
Požerė, bžk. 299; dv. 421
Prancūzija, vist. 18, 25, 359, 364
Pravogala (Pakalniškiai), k. 81
Prieglius, up. 78
Priekulė, mstl. 290
Prienai, mst. 198, 221, 241, 310, 315, 318, 321,
322, 483; r. 46, 211, 289, 297, 300, 302, 310, 328,
425, 459, 501
Prūdžiokai, gyvenv. 342
Prūsija, vist. 16-18, 23, 51, 52, 69, 74, 78, 90, 91,
96, 111, 229, 230, 244, 272, 323
Pskovas, mst. 340
Pūkiai, dv. 385
Pumpėnai, mstl. 272, 296, 297
Punia, mstl. 172, 342; pilis 360
Puodiškiai (Puodziškiai), dv. 422
530 Vietovardžių rodyklė
Puodžiai, k. 55
Purvėnai, dv. 387, 417, 424, 425, 438, 441, 443,
444, 450
Pušalotas, mstl. 303, 312, 314
Puščia, k. 336
Puškamia, vtv. 492
Puvočiai, k. 56
Pužai, dv. 436
Pužaičiai, dv. 386
Račiūnai, dv. 40
Račkiškė, k. 259
Radviliškis, mst. 168, 207, 208, 217, 219, 264, 265,
277; r. 136, 141, 235, 244, 262, 307, 312, 324, 382,
407, 409, 411,414,423, 430, 437, 458-461, 484,
489, 501; vlsč. 277
Radzvilimontai, dv. 402
Raguva, dv. 362, 377, 378, 410, 415, 429, 432,
441, 443, 465; mstl 293, 302, 306, 307, 324
Raistiniškės, k. 336-339
Raižiai, k. 342, 343, 345, 346
Rakliškės (Šalčininkų r.), dv. 430
Rambynas, kalnas 79
Ramygala, mstl. 218, 220, 233, 296, 302, 304
Ramoniškiai, dv. 393
Raseiniai, apyl. 277; aps. 143, 277, 384, 386; mst.
325-327; pav. 416, 423, 431, 432, 438, 443, 465; r.
136, 212, 217, 244, 247, 253, 255, 263, 271, 297,
299-301, 302, 304, 307, 309, 310, 313, 358, 383,
384, 390, 406, 409, 424, 425, 431, 433, 434, 492
Ratkūnai, dv. 388,417
Ratnyčia, up. 76
Ratuokliškis (Rokiškio r.), dv. 430
Raubaičiai, k. 485
Raudondvaris (Gulbinai), dv. 358, 364, 365, 384,
385, 388, 429
Raudondvaris (Kauno r.), dv. 430, 432; vlsč. 275
Reišeliškės, dv. 408
Rekyva, bžk. 232
Remeikiai, k. 89
Renavas, dv. 414; pilis 359
Rezgiai, k. 492
Ręsčiai, k. 99
Ridžiūnai, k. 140
Riečiai, bžk. 169
Riešė, dv. 33
Rietavas, dv. 91; mstl. 125, 186, 324; r. 74, 90, 98;
vlsč. 14
Rimaldiškė, k. 81
Rimučiai, k. 32
Ringuvėnai, dv. 397
Ripaičiai, k. 45
RipeJialaukis, k. 131
Ritinė, dv. 400,401
Ryga, mst. 91
Ryškėnai, k. 295
Rytprūsiai žr. Prūsija
Rokiškis, aps. 94; dv. 425; mstl. 20,42, 332; r. 102,
132, 136, 168, 239, 252, 281, 296, 302, 304, 306,
309, 311, 312, 336, 374, 384-386, 388,402, 411,
412,422, 423,430,460; vlsč. 284
Rosčiai, dv. 377, 438, 470
Rotinėnai, k. 96
Rozalimas, mstl. 254—256, 265, 294, 295, 331
Rudamina (Vilniaus r.), gyvenv. 332, 333
Rudesa, k. 197
Rudikėliai, k. 85
Kūdikiai, k. 85
Rūdiškiai, mstl. 304, 307
Rudnia, bžk. 175, 180; 496
Rukla, dv. 450
Rumbonys, bžk. 167, 169, 306-308
Rumšiškės, mstl. 182, 184, 250, 252, 254, 263,
297, 302, 356
Rusia, kunig. 11
Rusija, vist. 10, 15-20, 22, 25, 50, 81, 92, 93,165,
167, 200, 244, 328, 331, 335, 336, 340, 342
Rūsteikiai, k. 336, 337, 339
Rūteliai (Leonardpolis), dv. 394, 400
Šakiškis (Kaimo pav.), dv. 377,436, 443
Saksonija, karalystė, 18
Salakas, apyl. 122; mstl. 329, 330, 331; vlsč. 276
Salamiestis, dv. 438, 451, 470, 503, 504; gyvenv.
168
Salantai, k. 499; mstl. 309, 317; r. 115
Saldutiškis, apyl. 280; mstl. 202
Salos I, k. 101
Salos, bžk. 168; k. 75; mstl. 307
Santekliai, dv. 380, 381, 388, 418,439,446, 449,
450, 454, 455, 493; k. 287
Sartai, ež. 336
Sartininkai, bžk. 232, 307
Sasnava, bžk. 250, 251, 297
Sauslaukis, dv. 420
Savičiūnai, dv. 387, 391, 439, 444
Savitiškis (Panevėžio r.), dv. 368, 378, 424, 443,
447
Seda, mstl. 176, 191, 213, 234, 235, 306, 307, 312,
325-327
Seinai, aps. 92
Seirijai, mstl. 168, 184
Sėleniai, k. 98
Semeliškės, mstl. 169, 232, 238
Semenovičiai (Gardino pav.), dv. 364,
Sendvaris (Kelmės r.), dv. 383, 390
Sendvaris (Lydos pav.), dv. 367
Senežycai (Vilniaus vaiv.), dv. 459, 460
Senmiestė, k. 30, 43, 46, 145
Senoji Žagarė, mstl. 305
I
Vietovardžių rodyklė 531
Senosios Katinautiskės, k. 76, 77
Seredžius, apyl. 484
Sereikiai, k. 255
Seremčionys (Švenčionių r.), dv. 396
Sidra, gyvenv. 323
Siemenovka (Gardino pav.), dv. 391, 417, 453
Siesikai, mstl. 309
Simanai (Kauno pav.), dv. 449
Simanėliškiai, dv. 414
Simnas, mst. 328
Sintautai, apyl. 90, 484
Sipailiškis, k. 336-338
Siponys, k. 46
Sirutiškiai, dv. 423
Skačiūnai, dv. 456
Skandinavija, kr. 7, 36, 111, 118, 359
Skapiškis, mstl. 194
Skaraitiškė, dv. 425
Skaruliai, bžk. 275, 310; par. 167
Skaudvilė, mstl. 215, 219, 247, 328; vlsč. 387
Skiemonys, mstl. 239, 296
Skievonys, k. 35, 60
Skirsnemunė, par. 167; vlsč. 14
Skirvytėlė, k. 86
Skritutiškė, dv. 408
Skuodas, apyl. 276; mst. 16, 324, 325; r. 48, 98, 99,
106, 125, 142, 146, 232, 253, 254, 261, 262, 271,
283, 285, 286, 296, 297, 305, 307, 313, 484, 499
Skurbutėnai, k. 261
Slabada, k. 62, 492
Slanimas, mst. 11
Slavikai, mstl. 215
Slovakija, vist. 36
Smalininkai, mstl. 20, 92
Smilgiai (Panevėžio r.), mstl. 229, 241, 242, 264
Smilgiai (Šiaulių r.), k. 336, 337
Smolenskas, pilis 37
Smurgainys (Ašmenos pav.), dv. 362, 410
Sokaičiai, k. 95
Sokiškiai, pik. 31
Sokoline (Ašmenos pav.), dv. 365, 366, 389, 440,
452
Sopockinas, mst. 323
Sovietų Sąjunga, vist. 340
Sožas, up. 11
Spalviskiai, k. 507
Spirakiai, bžk. 270
Stačiūnai, bžk. 244
Stakliškės, mstl. 176, 211, 221, 302, 310
Stalgėnai, k. 112-114
Stalnioniškis, k. 336—338
Staniškė, dv. 463
Staniūnai, dv. 455
Starinkai, plv. 470
Starkai, k. 127
Stasiūnai, dv. 402; k. 105
Staškūniškis, dv. 382, 383; k. 30
Stelmužė, bžk. 237, 238, 266; dv. 460
Steponkiškiai, k. 501
Stirbaičiai, k. 286
Stolaukis, k. 88
Strazdai, k. 75
Strėvininkai, dv. 483
Stumbrai, k. 132
Stumbrės, k. 498
Subartonys, k. 95
Subata (Latvija), mstl. 237
Suchovolė, gyvenv. 323
Sudargas, mstl. 177, 328
Sudervė, dv. 452
Sūduva žr. Suvalkija
Sugaudžiai, dv. 430; k. 499
Sujetai, dv. 394, 405, 455
Sungardai, dv. 398, 450
Suomija, vist. 359
Suostas, bžk. 304
Surdegis, gyvenv. 168
Surviliškis, mstl. 305, 306; vlsč. 148
Sutkai, bžk. 249
Suvainiškis, bžk. 240; mstl. 194
Suvalkai, gub. 18, 20, 330; mst. 7
Suvalkija, etn. reg. 6, 33, 37, 44, 54, 59-61, 63, 64,
87, 88,116, 118, 119, 122, 126, 130, 134, 137, 138,
140, 142-145, 147, 148, 150, 155, 156, 204, 205,
209, 215, 216, 229, 244, 245, 249, 279, 280, 284,
289, 291
Sužionys, dv. 437, 450
Svėdasai, mstl. 115
Svetlianai (Ašmenos pav.), dv. 365, 389, 391,410
Svilinkos, k. 495
Svisločius, up. 11
Svyla, up. 76
Šaikūnai, dv. 368, 458, 459
Šakiai, apyl. 88, 90; mst. 328; r. 30, 215, 249, 254,
263, 279, 307, 328, 364, 382, 383, 420, 484, 486,
501
Šakininkai, k. 79
Šakyna, mstl. 268, 269
Šalčininkai, dv. 426; mstl. 302; r. 74, 123, 242,
263, 292, 306, 310, 332, 388, 399, 408, 425, 430,
431,491,496, 497, 500
Šalčininkėliai, dv. 388
Šalkiškės, dv. 419
Šalpėnai, dv. 111
Šaltupis, dv. 425
Šarakalnis, k. 35
Šateikiai, d v. 390
Šaukėnai, dv. 455; mstl. 51, 180, 233, 303, 315,
318,319, 320, 323
532 Vietovardžių rodyklė
Šaukliai, k. 297
Šaukotas, mstl. 235
Šaukuva, dv. 391
Ščiukiškis, k. 53
Šeduva, mst. 207, 20B, 307
Šeimatis, k. 336, 339
Šemetiškiai (Vilniaus vaiv.), dv. 383
Šeštokai, mstl. 168
Šešuolėliai, dv. 382
Šešuoliai, dv. 431; mstl. 240, 309
Šešupė, up. 78, 83
Šėta, apyl. 498; mstl. 194, 317; vlsč. 451
Šiaudėnai, k. 289
Šiaudinė, bžk. 263
Šiauduva, vlsč. 14, 451
Šiaulėnai, dv. 36, 357, 358, 378 361, 362, 415, 417,
423, 424, 429,434, 436, 444,452, 462, 465, 506;
mstl. 181, 184, 196, 230, 324, 325; vlsč. 107
Šiauliai, aps. 41, 38, 62, 84, 94, 139, 140, 156, 214,
277, 283, 285, 288, 357, 379, 393; ekon. 19; kr. 6,
277; mst. 200, 277, 332; r. 54, 136, 217, 232, 255,
256, 268, 296, 297, 301, 304, 336, 374, 404, 420,
421,428, 438, 484
Šilalė, mstl. 256, 260, 470; r. 91, 98, 203, 245, 246,
259, 285, 286, 288, 299, 302, 328, 386, 387, 389,
391, 392, 394, 398, 401-403, 408, 411, 420, 421,
427, 428, 431, 434, 440,442, 458, 459
Šileliai, dv. 37, 505
Šilėnai, dv. 377
Šilo Pavėžupis, dv. 373, 385, 465, 469
Šilutė, aps. 144; r. 47, 57, 79, 86, 98, 136, 155,
236, 244, 266, 288-290, 301, 310, 324
Šiluva, mstl. 50, 188, 217, 230, 302, 303, 309, 311
Šimonys, bžk. 244; mstl. 179
Širvintos, mstl. 306, 309; r. 186, 232, 240, 258,
263, 276, 297, 304, 310, 331, 382-384, 393, 394,
397, 401, 407,417, 419, 421, 425, 447,454, 455,
505,506
Škėvonys, k. 28, 150, 153-155
Šlapaberžė, dv. 422, 423
Slavėnai (Anykščių r.), dv. 372,434
Slavina, dv. 431
Šlėgeriškis (Molėtų r.), dv. 708
Šniaukštai, k, 108, 109
Šniurkiškiai, k. 499
Šolkovas (Ukmergės pav.), dv. 385, 417
Šoną, up. 180
Šriubiškės, dv. 411
Štymonys (Ašmenos pav.), dv. 367
Šukioniai, k. 101
Šuminai, k. 75, 101
Šušvė, up. 483, 507
Šutvė, k. 91
Švaininkai, dv. 396
Švedija, vist. 16, 50, 90, 111, 115, 359
Šveicarija, vist. 290
Švėkšna, mstl. 229, 244, 301, 310, 317, 324
Švenčgalis, k. 147
Švenčionėliai, gyvenv. 168
Švenčionys, r. 81, 141, 240,259, 262, 307, 310,
313, 331, 389, 395, 408, 411, 412, 428-430, 436,
438, 456, 459, 470
Švendubrė, k. 84, 102
Šventa, dv. 395
Šventežeris (Trakų pav.), dv. 362, 466, 505; mstl.
307
Šventybrastis, bžk. 169
Šventupė (Ukmergės, pav.), dv. 365, 393
Tabariškės, bžk. 242, 243, 263, 264, 292
Tarpučiai, k. 83
Taučionys, k. 153
Taujėnai, dv. 377, 412; mstl. 302
Tauragė, aps. 30, 94, 116, 124, 283, 290, 387, 471;
dv. 32, 377,416, 426, 431, 470; mst., mstl. 192,
325, 326; r. 215, 219, 232, 247, 290, 301, 305, 307,
310,313,328, 383,408,410
Tauragnai, dv. 365, 425, 431, 438,440, 454, 455,
470, 506; mstl. 310
Telšiai, aps. 32, 34, 49, 60, 84, 96, 99, 138, 148,
282; kr. 6; mst. 200, 230, 331; pav. 377; r. 90,
98, 210, 213, 234, 244, 246, 255, 257, 265, 282,
285-287, 293, 295, 309, 312, 324, 367,368, 384,
389, 394-398, 400, 401, 404-A08, 411-U3, 415,
416, 421-426, 428, 433, 437, 440,441,446, 448,
455, 456, 462, 463, 470, 499, 500, 502; vlsč. 14
Tendžiogala, vlsč. 14, 363
Teneniai, dv. 434
Tiltagaliai, k. 271
Tirkšliai, apyl. 283; mstl. 196, 257, 292-294, 303,
325-327
Tytuvėnai, mstl. 181, 205
Trainiai, dv. 402
Trakai, aps. 19, 44, 82, 94, 120, 153; mst. 13, 157,
296, 315, 340, 341, 342; pav. 360, 378,417, 504,
505; pilis 359; r. 84, 147, 232, 238, 297-299, 307,
331, 340, 412, 423, 430, 497; vaiv. 11,14, 16,444
Trakeliai, dv. 444
Trakininkai, k. 85
Traupis, mstl. 302
Trečionėliai, k. 492
Trepija (Tauragės r.), dv. 408
Tribilai, dv. 39, 439, 470
Tryškiai, mstl. 229, 234, 265, 293, 309
Troškūnai, mstl. 206
Trumpiniai, k. 55
Trupiniai (Viduklės vlsč.), dv. 366
Truskava, bžk. 257, k. 30
Tūbinės (Raseinių vlsč.), dv. 392
Tūbinės (Šilalės r.), bžk. 246; dv. 367, 441
Turgeliai, mstl. 306, 307
Vietovardžių rodyklė 533
Turmantas, mstl. 336
Turovas, kunig. 11
Tverai, mstl. 256, 302; vlsč. 14, 426
Tverečius, mstl. 310
Tvertinės, k. 497
Ubelė, dv. 470
Ubiškė, bžk. 247
Ūdrai, dv. 422, 423, 428
Ūdrija, vlsč. 288
Ugioniai, bžk. 169, 271, 272
Ukmergė, aps. 72, 281; mst. 211, 213, 302, 309,
317, 328, 331-333, 337, 357; pav. 362, 377, 391,
410, 416, 417, 424, 425, 429, 432, 441,444, 451,
453, 456, 465, 470, 503-505; r. 141, 199, 211, 214,
240, 257, 272, 276, 281, 302-304, 310, 334, 393,
397, 398, 402-^104, 406, 409, 412, 413, 421-423,
428, 430, 454, 457-459, 467, 489, 500
Ukraina, vist. 36, 316, 323, 334
Ukrinai II, dv. 408, 442
Ukrinai, bžk. 258, 292, 293, 297
Ūla, up. 78, 175, 483
Upyna (Šilalės r.), apyl. 285; bžk. 169; dv. 387,
391; mstl. 246, 307, 328
Upytė II, dv. 407
Upytė, bžk. 252, 253, 340; dv. 29, 36, 50, 376-378,
416, 424, 428, 503, 504; gyvenv. 168; pav. 61, 377,
417, 423, 424, 428, 434, 438, 439, 443, 456, 462,
463,466, 504; vlsč. 81,90
Upninkai, bžk. 169; dv. 444
Utena, aps. 31, 35, 45, 50, 55, 74, 82, 83, 94, 105,
107, 142, 152; dv. 410; mstl. 331, 332; r. 37, 43,
75, 120, 121, 131, 141, 202, 276, 280, 281, 296,
299, 302, 310, 311, 314, 318, 336, 397, 409, 411,
440, 441,491,504, 505
Užbradumė, k. 57
Užlaukis (Vilniaus r.), dv. 408
Užlieknis, dv. 426; k. 255, 297
Užnemunė, ter. 12, 18, 38, 61, 71, 85, 87—92, 94,
107, 108, 119, 124, 126, 145, 147, 167, 196, 221,
323,356
Užpaliai, d v. 397
Užpelkiai, k. 123, 124, 150
Užuguostis, mstl. 302
Užupis, k. 103
Užventis, dv. 365, 386; mstl. 234, 235, 254, 266,
309, 324. 325, 327, 328; vlsč. 14, 379
Vabalai, k. 89
Vadaktai, dv. 387, 396, 428
Vadaktėliai, dv. 414, 430
Vaičaičiai, bžk. 253
Vaiguva, dv. 407; mstl. 202, 265
Vaikšteniai, k. 84
Varnaičiai, k. 113
Vainutas, vlsč. 283; mstl. 290, 301
Vaiškoniai (Kėdainių r.), dv. 394
Vaišnoriškė, k. 75, 101
Vaitkuškis, dv. 467
Vaivadiškiai, dv 397, 406, 421, 422, 430, 454, 457,
458; k. 489, 500
Valakbūdis, bžk. 307
Valančiai, plv. 453
Valatkoniai, dv. 437
Valiuliškiai, k. 133
Valkaviskas, mst. 11
Valkininkai, apyl. 279; mstl. 187, 208, 317, 318,
320, 321,322, 323,483
Vanagai, bžk. 167
Vandžiogala, apyl. 498; dv. 463, 503; mstl. 239,
263
Vankiai, k. 30
Varėna, aps. 135; mstl. 208; r. 56, 58, 77, 85, 101,
102, 133, 137, 143, 154, 278, 278, 279, 306, 318,
496, 507
Varkaliai, k. 148
Varlaukis, bžk. 307, 308
Varmija, vysk. 262
Vamagiriai, k. 89
Varniai, mstl. 197, 255, 324
Vamionys, dv. 388, 468, 469
Varniškės, k. 75
Varputiniai (Vilkijos vlsč.), dv. 362, 380, 424
Varšuva, mst. 439
Varšuvos kunig. 18
Veisiejai, dv., 357; kr. 123; mstl. 177, 178, 357
Veiviržėnai, mstl. 234, 235, 255, 258
Veliuona, dv. 397; mstl. 206, 301, 328, 329; pav.
37; vlsč. 14, 377, 379, 382, 410, 438, 451, 465,
470, 503, 505
Vengrinė (Šventupė), dv, 435, 441
Veniai (Ukmergės pav.), dv. 379, 410, 432, 453
Verinas, dv. 358
Verkiai, pilis 360
Verpena, k. 255
Versalis, dv. 364
Verseka, dv. 500
Vertininkai, k. 287
Vėžaičiai, k. 114
Videniškiai, bžk. 167, 168; mstl. 179, 220, 221
Vidiškės, dv. 406, 407
Vidiškiai, mstl. 302
Viduklė, dv. 377; mstl. 247, 253, 263, 304, 305,
313; par. 227; pav. 423, 424, 434, 444, 465; vlsč.
14, 136, 138, 362, 377, 386, 415, 417, 436
Vidžiai, dv. 397
Viekšniai, apyl. 283, 287; vlsč. 283, 284
Viesos, k. 257
Viešintos, mstl. 303
Vieštovėnai, k. 118
534 Asmenvardžių rodyklė Santrumpos:
Viešvėnai, bžk. 168; vlsč. 14
Vievis, mst. 298
Vileikiai (Radviliškio r.), dv. 407
Vilkaviškis, aps. 59, 88 127; mst. 239, 317, 318,
320, 321, 323; r. 45, 64, 89, 137, 307, 313, 328,
332, 484
Vilkija, mstl. 20, 92, 178, 207, 301, 317; vlsč. 14,
415, 417, 424, 432, 436, 443,463
Vilkmergė žr. Ukmergė
Vilnius, apyl. 357; aps. 19, 43, 94; gub. 18-22, 94,
330; kr. 204; mst. 13, 16, 167, 193. 197, 331, 340,
342, 492; pav. 391, 411, 429, 444, 449, 450, 452,
455, 463, 465, 506; pilis 359; r. 33, 261, 304, 328,
332, 343, 401, 402, 408, 411, 417, 421, 423, 424,
431, 432, 437, 440, 448, 458, 459, 461, 501, 502; t.
376,415,428,451; vaiv. 11,14, 16,355,385,388,
389, 393, 397, 413, 416, 431, 439, 450, 452, 459,
460, 469, 470; vysk. 167, 170, 229, 342
Vinkšnėnai (Panevėžio r.), dv. 421
Vinkšnupiai, k. 342
Virbalis, mst., mstl. 16, 168, 229, 328
Virkės, dv. 398, 402, 403,405
Viršuliškiai, dv. 394, 401, 403, 421
Virvytė, up. 502
Vištytis, dv. 364, 423, 440, 461; mstl. 16, 332
Vitebskas, gub. 22
Vydeniai, apyl. 278
Vyžuonos, mstl. 302, 311, 314, 317, 318, 320, 322
Voicechovskio (Ašmenos pav.), plv. 381
Vokė (Vilniaus vaiv.), dv. 362, 380, 424, 444, 449,
470, 506; gyvenv. 342
Vokiečių ordinas, 11,12
Vokietija, vist. 22, 25, 32, 54, 58, 111, 290, 359
Volodinas, gyvenv. 335
Voronaičiai (Tverų vlsč.), dv, 426
Voronča (Naugarduko aps.), dv. 386
Voruta, pilis 359
Vozgučiai, k. 136
Zabičiūnai, k. 122
Zabielai, k. 42
Zaosė, dv. 464
Zarasai, aps. 47, 49, 94, 276; kr. 336; mst. 310,
331, 332; r. 35, 47, 53, 122, 217, 237, 240, 242,
251, 266, 272, 276, 280, 281, 310, 336, 374, 414,
445, 460, 492
Zasinyčiai, dv. 438
Zditovas, mst. 11
Zervynos, k. 78, 101, 154, 175
Zibalai, bžk. 297
Žagarė, mst. 208, 216, 301, 309, 485
Žagariai, bžk. 249
Žaiginys, dv. 416, 465
Žalava (Ašmenos pav.), dv. 380, 381
Žalgiriai, k. 89
Žalpiai, bžk. 313
Žarėnai, apyl. 287; dv. 405,415; vlsč. 14
Žarsta, k. 501
Žasliai, mstl. 171, 183,188
Žeimelis, mstl. 186, 194
Žeimiai, mstl. 197
Želva, mst. 206, 211, 214, 307
Želviai, dv. 379, 380
Žemaičių Kalvarija, mstl. 192, 195, 203, 260, 292,
293, 306, 307
Žemaičių vaivadija, žr. Žemaitija, kunig.
Žemaičių vysk. 296
Žemaitija, etn. reg. 6, 11, 12, 19, 20, 27, 29, 33,
38, 59, 64, 74, 84, 87, 88, 91, 92, 96-98, 100, 101,
106, 110, 111, 115, 116, 119, 122, 124, 130, 134,
135, 138-140, 150-152, 156, 167, 187,191. 204,
209, 215, 216, 218, 220, 221, 227, 229,230, 232,
233, 236, 244, 245, 255, 259, 262, 273,276, 280,
281, 283, 285-287, 291, 293, 356, 357, 366, 367,
370, 374, 375, 377, 385, 392, 397, 399, 408, 425,
434, 436, 438, 440, 443, 449, 483, 484; kunig. 11,
14-17
Žemaitkiemis, mstl. 302
Žemalė, dv. 397, 400; mstl. 263, 269, 270
Žemalėnai, k. 156
Žemguliai, k. 91
Žemieji Svirnai (Anykščių r.), dv. 423
Žemy gala II, dv. 409
Žibikai, k. 298
Židikai, mstl. 209, 216, 254, 269, 270, 306, 324
Žiemgala, ist. ter. 61
Žiežmara, up. 169
Žiežmariai, dv. 357; mstl. 176, 190, 192, 198, 210,
310,315,330
Žikaronys, dv. 360, 366
Žilinai, bžk. 306
Žiobiškis, bžk. 167, 168
Žižmauka, dv. 425, 441
Žižmeliai, dv. 421
Žydiškės, k. 82
Žvilbučiai, dv. 445
Žvingiai, mstl. 470
Sudarė Kazys Misius
5J7
Santrumpos.
Asmenvardžių rodyklė
Archeol. - archeologas
archit. — architektas (-ė)
dail. - dailininkas
fot- fotografas
gen. - generolas
geogr. - geografas
imper. ֊ imperatorius
ist.- istorikas
kart - kartografas
kun. - kunigas
kunig. - kunigaikštis
mat - matininkas
techn - technikas
vald. - valdovas
vysk. — vyskupas
Abramauskas S. 26
Abramavičienė Marcijona 388
Adelhauseris J. 467
Aftanazy R. 355, 388, 390, 468
Akiras-Biržys Petras 165
Alberti 362
Aleksandras, caras 330, 331
Andrejevas Anatolijus 483, 486
Astikai, didikai 13
Astrauskas Antanas 484
Bagdonavičius G. 317, 327, 328
Bairašauskaitė Tamara, ist. 19
Bajoras S. 201
Bakeniūnas P. 294
Balbierienė žr. Karvelytė-Balbierienė V.
Balčiūnas Valerijonas 6, 70, 82
Balčytis V. 293
Baltrušaitis B. 172
Baršauskas Jonas 6, 70
Basalykas Alfonsas 165
Basanavičius Jonas 273, 290
Batoras Steponas, vald. 16
Becenbergeris, Bezzenbergeris (Bezzenberger)
Adalbertas 6, 69, 290
Beinartas Stanislovas 170
Berlas Gadeonas 310
Bertašiūtė R. 8, 28, 30, 37, 38, 40-^2, 46^18, 54,
56, 63, 85, 103, 122, 127, 131, 134, 143, 144, 430,
466
Bielenstėinas A. 69
Bieliauskas L. 373
Bielinskis Feliksas, archit. 6, 70, 178, 179, 483
Biržinskas Motiejus, meistr. 227
Biržiškos 392
Bystrzonowskis Vojciechas 24, 356, 374, 376, 389,
484
Bogdanowiczius Giedvillas 180
Bohuszas X. M. 25
Bona Sforca 15
Bostas G. 489, 490
Brensztejnas M. 273
Brezgys V. 413, 457, 461
Brykowskis R. 227, 315
Bugailiškis P. 40, 186, 217, 219, 274, 458, 459
Bulhakas Janas, fot. 355
Buračas Balys, fot. 192 274-278, 280, 282-284,
294, 329, 483
Burinskaitė I. 8
Butautas A. 469
Butkevičius Izidorius 6, 70, 151
Butkus P. 151
Buzas Jonas 484
Bžostovskiai 420
Charuzinas (Харузин) Aleksejus 6, 69, 81
Chominskiai 241
Chrapovickis J. A. 259
Chreptovičiai 420
Conze V. 70
Czechowicz 466, 468
Čaginas Nikolajus, archit. 198
Čerbulėnas Klemensas 6, 26, 70, 117, 150, 151,
273, 274, 276, 280, 290, 291, 300, 445, 465, 483
Čilvinaitė Marijona 274
Čižikovas K., gen. 332
DargisA. 133
Daugėla F., mat. 70
Daugirdaitė-Sruogienė V., ist. 354, 463
Daugmaudis Pranas 370, 392
Daugudis V, archeol. 70
Daujotas J. 245
Daukantas S. 463, 503
Daukantas Simonas 69, 97, 111, 123
Degutavičius J., kun. 243
Detlefzenas, Detlefsenas (Detlefsen) RICHARDAS
6,58,69, 78, 128, 129, 290
518
Asmenvardžių rodyklė
Deveikis Antanas 276, 280
Donelaitis K., poetas 69
Dovydaitis J. 265, 387
Druckus A. 283
Dubonis Artūras, ist. 10, 355, 360
Dvarinskas J. 317
Elijaševičius Izaokas 216
Essenas V. 70
Felkerzambas 237
Flemingas 241
Friolich G. 58
Gadonas M. 69
Gagienė R. 64
Gailevičius Steponas 292
Galaunė Paulius 6, 70, 227, 273, 290, 291, 314,
315
Gedgaudas A. 246
Gerberšteinas S. 69
Getneris J., archit. 70
Giedraitis J. A., vysk. 245
Giedraitis S., vysk. 243
Giedraitis, vysk. 247
Gimbutas Jurgis 6, 25, 52, 55, 70, 110, 227, 229,
483
Gimbutienė M. 290
Ginet-Pilsudzkis B. 273
Glogeris Z. 55, 69, 355, 370,405, 451, 452, 465
Gobis M. 39, 43, 52
Gorskiai 385
Gorskis Simonas, techn. 331
Gostomskis Anzelmas 24, 356, 357, 362, 374
Goštautai, didikai 13
Goštautas Albertas 13
Grincevičius J. 249
Grinius Jonas 6, 274, 289, 291
Gržibuckis G. 245
Gudavičius Edvardas, ist. 165
Guntulis, meistr. 251
Haksthausenas, Haxthausenas {Haxthausen)
Francas Ludwigas Marie Augustas 6, 69
Hauras Jakūbas Kazimierzas 356, 362-364, 374,
375, 388, 452, 484, 504
Henenbergeris C., ist., kart. 69, 96, 110
Hiršovičius Gabrielius 193
Hiršovičius Joselis 193
Idzkowskis A. 25, 375, 436
Ilcevičius Jonas 399, 402, 430
Indrulis A. 326
Ivanauskas S. 97, 132, 140, 418, 428, 439, 446,
450,454
Ivinskis Zenonas, ist. 194
Jablonskis I. 70, 117
Jablonskis K., ist. 355
Jakimovičius J. 227, 465
Jankauskas V. 354
Jankeliūnas Jonas 499
Jankevičienė Algė 6, 8, 26, 196, 198-200, 208 227,
236-238, 241, 245, 247-249, 252,253, 260, 261,
263, 265-270, 274, 291, 293, 300, 315, 354, 386,
389, 394,400, 424, 431,437, 438, 443,446, 448,
455, 500
Jankevičius J. 295
Jankevičiūtė Giedrė 274
Jogaila, vald. 13, 166
Jonynas V. K. 251
Jučas Mečislovas, ist. 165, 355
Jurginis J., ist. 81, 354, 355, 359
Jurkštas V. 367
Jurkuvienė Teresė 274
Kačinskaitė I. 354, 401, 402,406,421, 425, 426,
445, 447, 448, 451, 454, 456, 505, 506
Kadofas A. 69
Kamarauskai-Stražnikai 241
Kaminskis A. 453
Karvelytė Balbierienė Vilma 8, 166, 173-176
Kazakevičiūtė N. 454
Kazokas L. 174, 195, 257
Kepežinskienė R. žr. Vaičekonytė-Kepežinskienė R.
Kęsgailą Stanislovas 14
Kęsgailos, didikai 13
Kiaupienė Jūratė 9
Kirdeikienė G. 390, 398, 426
Kirkoras Adomas 6
Kiška Mikalojus 170
Kiškos 358, 360, 361
Kleinas Mečys 6, 70
Kneižys V. 26
Kolupaila Steponas 483
Komaras J. 311
Komarovskiai 388
Komorowska Magdalena 180, 356
Končius Ignas 182, 193, 273, 274
Koreckiai 332
Komeckis M. 227
Kosakovskiai 467
Kossakowskis Stanisławas Kazimierzas 356
Kowałskis S. 25
Kričinskis A. 344
Kryževičius Vincas, ist. 165
Krūminis A. 227
Krutulienė A. 278, 282, 286, 290
Krzywda-Polkowskis F. 273
Kubilius A. 123,491
Kulakovas V. I. 70
Kulikauskienė R. 359
Asmenvardžių rodyklė 519
Kuodienė Marija 274, 291
KupČikasA. 190
Kurczewskis J., kun., ist. 227
Kušneris P. I. 70
Kvedarauskas E. 187
Kviklys Bronius 165
Lainauskaitė A. 454
Lakotka A. 355
Laukaitytė R. 315
Laužadis A. 274, 288
Laužikaitė-Tagmann L. 8, 183, 300
Lekavičius L. 137
Lemchenas Ch. 315, 325
Lepneris T. 69
Levandauskas Vytautas, 26, 291, 356,461,470,484
Liutikas Č. 379
Lowmianskis H. 70, 73, 90
Lukšionytė Nijolė 9
Makowelska 460
Maleckas F. 340
Martinas Karolis 25, 369, 375, 418, 436, 439, 484,
502
Masaitis A., kun. 314
Masalskis, Ignas, vysk. 198
Mastonytė M. 280
Mašiotas P. 284
Maulevičius Martynas 193
Mažiulis V. 484
Medekšos 363
Meilus Eimantas, ist. 165
Mekas K. 299
Merkienė R. 452
Micevičius I., 247
Mickevičius Adomas 356, 370
Mielke R. 69
Mitbędzkis A. 355
Milius Vacys 26, 58, 77, 89 203, 273, 287, 289,
291,483
Mindaugas, vald. 10, 13
Minkevičius Jonas 6
Misius Kazys 8, 165, 227, 273, 355
Miškinis A. 507
Miškinis Algimantas, archit. 165, 166, 169-173,
175-177
Miškinis V. 299
Morkūnas Eligijus Juvencijus 8, 483-485, 490,
495, 497-499, 501
Mortensenas Hansas 70, 165
Muravjovas Michailas 21
Napoleonas, imper. 18
Nesiolovskiai 386
Neveravičius Fabijonas, 356
Nikonas 331, 335
Ochmariskis J., ist. 227
Oginskiai 483
Oginskis 91
Opalinskis Lukaszas 356, 362, 374
Orda Napoleonas, dail. 355, 367, 460, 461, 464,
465, 470
Pakalniškis A. 123
Pakarklis Povilas, ist. 165
Paladijus 24
Palladio 362
Paslaitis A. E.
Pašuta V, ist 355, 359
Paulauskas S. 242, 257
Perkowskis Jozefas 291
Petrašiūnas Aloyzas, fot. 241, 243, 250, 264
Petrulis Juozas 6, 151, 179, 483
Piechotkovai M. ir K. 315
Piškinaitė-Kazlauskienė R. 151
Platerienė K. žr. Valavičiūtė-Platerienė K.
Pliateriai 368
Pliateris 91
Podczaszynskis Boleslowas, archit. 356, 369, 374,
418,435,438, 449, 460
Podczaszynskis K. 25
Počiulpaitė Alė 274
Poška Dionizas 111
Potockis Leonas 356
Požerskis R. 234, 235, 238, 242, 246, 248, 254,
266, 293-295
Pretorijus M., ist. 69
Prozorovas Michailas, archit. 340
Puodžiukienė D. 8, 354, 369, 372, 382, 389, 390,
395, 397, 399-409, 412, 414, 415, 419, 420,
422-425, 428, 431, 433, 436-438, 440-442, 444,
447, 449, 450, 456, 457, 460, 461, 500
Purvinas Martynas 6, 70
Putkowska J. 355
Puzinina Gabrielė 356
Radvila Boguslavas 424
Radvila Jonušas 410
Radvila Mikalojus 15
Radvilos, didikai 13, 358, 361
Ramanauskas V 299, 322, 323, 326, 327
Rauchas Franciszekas 25, 356, 453, 484
Remininkevičius, kun. 310
Rimša 208, 209
Rimša P. 279
Rogaliiiskis L 24
Romeris A. 69
Rozbicka M. 355
Rūkštelė Antanas 6, 70, 273—275
520 Asmenvardžių rodyklė
Rupeika A. 300, 301, 306, 308, 313, 327, 330, 337,
339, 345
Rupeikienė M. 8, 297, 298, 300-309, 313, 315,
329-331, 333, 334, 337-339, 343, 345, 346
Sakalauskas M., fot. 243, 289
Sapiegos 483
Savickas A. 371, 392
Schmiederis O. 69
Sergaciovas S. 227
Serlis 361
Sikorska A. M., 355
Skalagrimsonas Egilis 118
Soederis H. 69
Sokolovskis 466
Solskis S. 24
Soninas A., inž. 344, 345
Spampanis Karlas 393
Stolypinas Piotras 21, 88, 89, 93
Stunžinas R. 8
Switkowskis Piotras 25, 356, 357, 369, 374, 398,
420, 432, 453, 460-162, 484, 503
Szukiewiczius W. 273
ŠatinskasA. 386
Šatrijos Ragana 356
Šaulys V. 485
Šemetos 379
Šešelgis Kazys (Kazimieras) 6, 69, 70, 72, 76, 80,
81, 101, 165, 166, 483
Šileika V. 495
Simukas J. 42
Šinkūnas P., geogr. 70, 227
Širmulis Alfredas 274, 291
Šliavas Juozas 483
Šneideris E. 169
Špakovskis A., archit. 332
Suminąs 75
Tagman L. žr. Laužikaitė-Tagman L.
Tamauskienė Nijolė 166, 188, 189, 202, 204-206,
210,211,215,300
Tarvydas S., geogr. 70
Tecneris (Tetzner) Francas Oskaras 6, 69
Timukas J. 126, 274, 286
Tiškevičiai 461
Tiškevičius 331
Tyszkiewiczius Benedyktas Henrykas 356
Tyzenhauzas A. 490
Totoraitis J. 227
Tracevskiš V. 355
Treškevičius Jonas 483
Tumas J. 111
Urbelis M. 26, 354
Urbonienė Skaidrė 274
Vaičekonytė-Kepežinskienė R. 356, 461, 470
Vaina Benediktas, vysk. 342
Vaitkevičius Vykintas, archeol., ist. 11
Vaitkus S. 97, 139, 285, 315, 324, 370, 371, 380,
381, 384, 388, 391, 392, 397, 403, 439, 446, 471,
493
Valančius Motiejus, vysk. 227
Valavičiai 358, 361
Valavičiūtė-Platerienė K., 242
ValeškaA. 178
Varanavičius J., kun. 269
Varnas Adomas 265, 273-275, 277, 324
Varnelis Kazys 260, 295
Važinskis 245, 292, 292
Važinskis A. 242
Vėlyvis P. 84, 86, 496, 497
Viliamas V. 70
Vinskas A. 408, 419
Višinskis Povilas 69
Vydūnas 69
Vyšniauskaitė A. 287, 290
Vytautas Didysis (Vytautas), vald. 12, 15, 315, 340,
341,360
Vladislovas IV, vald. 317
Wisockis A. 460
Wunderer Johann 55
Zaborskis B. 70
Zamoiskiai 420
Zdahskis K. 24
Zubovas Platonas 19
Zubovas V. 179, 220, 221, 315
Zubovskiai 452
Zugas Boleslovas 393
Zūndtas M. 467
Žilėnas V. 26
Žilinskas Andrius 378
Žygimantas Senasis, vald. 14, 15
Žukauskas V. 189, 218
Žulkus V, archeol. 70
Sudarė Kazys Misius |
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| building | Verbundindex |
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| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)964685947 (DE-599)BVBBV043831316 |
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| id | DE-604.BV043831316 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2025-01-07T13:09:46Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9789986420927 |
| language | Lithuanian |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-029242088 |
| oclc_num | 964685947 |
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| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 554 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten, Pläne |
| publishDate | 2014 |
| publishDateSearch | 2014 |
| publishDateSort | 2014 |
| publisher | Mokslas |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Lietuvos architektūros istorija 4 Lietuvos etninė architektūra nuo seniausių laikų iki 1918 m. Lietuvos Statybos ir Architektūros Mokslinio Tyrimo Inst. Moks. red. Jonas Minkevičius Vilnius Mokslas 2014 554 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten, Pläne txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Minkevičius, Jonas Sonstige oth (DE-604)BV001332854 4 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029242088&sequence=000005&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029242088&sequence=000006&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029242088&sequence=000007&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Ortsregister Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029242088&sequence=000008&line_number=0004&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Personenregister |
| spellingShingle | Lietuvos architektūros istorija |
| title | Lietuvos architektūros istorija |
| title_auth | Lietuvos architektūros istorija |
| title_exact_search | Lietuvos architektūros istorija |
| title_full | Lietuvos architektūros istorija 4 Lietuvos etninė architektūra nuo seniausių laikų iki 1918 m. Lietuvos Statybos ir Architektūros Mokslinio Tyrimo Inst. Moks. red. Jonas Minkevičius |
| title_fullStr | Lietuvos architektūros istorija 4 Lietuvos etninė architektūra nuo seniausių laikų iki 1918 m. Lietuvos Statybos ir Architektūros Mokslinio Tyrimo Inst. Moks. red. Jonas Minkevičius |
| title_full_unstemmed | Lietuvos architektūros istorija 4 Lietuvos etninė architektūra nuo seniausių laikų iki 1918 m. Lietuvos Statybos ir Architektūros Mokslinio Tyrimo Inst. Moks. red. Jonas Minkevičius |
| title_short | Lietuvos architektūros istorija |
| title_sort | lietuvos architekturos istorija lietuvos etnine architektura nuo seniausiu laiku iki 1918 m |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029242088&sequence=000005&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029242088&sequence=000006&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029242088&sequence=000007&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029242088&sequence=000008&line_number=0004&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV001332854 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT minkeviciusjonas lietuvosarchitekturosistorija4 |