The politics of genocide: the Holocaust in Hungary 2
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East European Monographs
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Ausgabe: | Third revised and enlarged edition |
Schriftenreihe: | East European monographs
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Beschreibung: | xxxii Seiten, Seite 824 - 1825 Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten |
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adam_text | Contents
Volume 1
List of Tables xxvii
List of Figures xxix
List of Maps xxxiii
Introduction to the Third Edition xxxv
Introduction to the Second Edition xxxix
Hungarian Military Ranks and Terms xlv
Wehrmacht and SS Ranks with Their U.S. Equivalents xlvii
List of Source A bbreviations xlix
1. Prelude to Destruction 1
The “Golden Era” of Hungarian Jewry 1
Evolution and Emancipation of Hungarian Jewry 2
The Problem of Nationalities 5
The Radical Regimes of the Left 14
Counterrevolution and White Terror 18
The Patriotic Organizations 22
Gyula Gombos 24
Trianon and its Impact 25
First Anti-Jewish Measures 32
Notes 36
CONTENTS
viii
2. From Consolidation to Proto-Fascism 45
The Bethlen Era of Consolidation: 1921—1932 45
Swing to the Right: The Gombos Era, 1932—1936 51
Gombos’Anti-Semitism, 51: Gombos’
General Policy, 52; Gombos as Premier, 54;
The Impact of Nazi Germany, 61
The Rise and Evolution of Ultra-Rightist 64
Parties and Movements
Political Organizations of the Right, 67;
Ferenc Szalasi, 70; The Szalasi Parties, 73
Notes 78
3. The Jewish Community of Hungary 87
before the Destruction
Demographic Structure 87
Economic Position 89
Cultural and Sociological Characteristics 92
Congregations and Communal Organizations 96
The Leadership of Hungarian Jewry 104
Reaction to the Destruction of the Jews 110
in Nazi- Dominated Europe
The Treatment of the Jewish Refugees 118
in Hungary
Notes 127
4. The Beginning of the End 137
Daranyi’s Ambiguous Policies 137
The Gyor Program 138
The First Anti-Jewish Law 142
Provisions of the Law, 144
CONTENTS
IX
Imredy in Power 147
The Acquisition of the Upper Province 150
The Jews of the Felvidek 151
Toward the Second Anti-Jewish Law 152
Notes 156
5. The Teleki Era 161
Teleki the Man 161
Teleki’s Anti-Semitism 162
The Acquisition of Carpatho—Ruthenia 165
The Jews of Carpatho-Ruthenia 168
The Second Anti-Jewish Law 169
Provisions of the Law, 177
The Volksdeutsche 180
The Elections of 1939 184
The Rightist Press 184
Teleki’s Revisionist Policies 186
Toward the Second Vienna Award: 187
The Acquisition of Northern Transylvania
The Jews of Transylvania 192
The Courting of the Reich 198
The Party of Hungarian Renewal, 200;
Teleki’s Maneuvers, 202
The Conspiracy Against Yugoslavia 204
The Jews of the Delvidek: Demographic Data 207
Notes 209
X
CONTENTS
6. The Bardossy Era 223
Bardossy the Man 223
Bardossy’s Jewish Policy 224
The Third Anti-Jewish Law 225
The War Against the Soviet Union 227
The Worsening of the Anti-Semitic Drive 230
The Kamenets-Podolsk Massacres 231
Refugees in Hungary, 231; The National
Central Alien Control Office, 232; The
Roundup and Deportation of the “Alien” Jews,
234; The Massacre of the “Alien” Jews, 239
The Delvidek Massacres 241
The Campaign Against the Partisans, 241;
The Massacres in the Sajkas Area, 242;
r
The Ujvidek Massacres, 243; Further
Atrocities, 246; Statistical Overview, 246;
Reaction to the Massacres, 247
The Fall of Bardossy 251
Notes 252
7. The Kallay Era 261
Kallay’s General Policy 261
Kallay’s Jewish Policy 265
German Pressure for the Final Solution in Hungary 269
The Diplomatic Offensive 271
Pressures by the Hungarian Radical Right 278
The Schloss Klessheim Meeting of April 17-18 281
Veesenmayer’s First Mission in Hungary 283
The German Foreign Office in High Gear 284
CONTENTS
xi
Veesenmayer’s Second Mission in Hungary 289
Notes 291
8. Treatment of Hungarian Jews in German- 299
Occupied Europe
Germany, the German-Annexed Areas, 299
and the General Government
German-Occupied Western Europe 305
Belgium, 307; France, 308; The Netherlands,
310
Greece and Italy 312
Slovakia 313
Notes 317
9. The First Mass Deportation Plans 321
The Initial Objective 321
The Leading Hungarian Rightists Behind the Plan 322
The Revival of the Plan 325
Wisliceny’s Visit in Budapest 327
Himmler’s Interest in the Plan 329
Notes 330
10. The Labor Service System 333
Antecedents 333
The Legal Basis for the Labor Service System 335
The Attitude of the Ministry of Defense 337
Organization of the Labor Service System 340
The Transitional Phase 344
The New Regulation of the Jewish Labor Service 352
System
CONTENTS
xii
The Labor Service in Wartime 354
Uniforms and Clothing, 356; The Yellow
Armbands, 359
The Jewish Labor Servicemen in the Ukraine 360
German-Hungarian Frictions, 364
The Work and Plight of the Labor Servicemen 366
The Era of Vilmos Nagy 376
Law No. XIV of 1942, 379
Reorganization of the Labor Service System 381
Further Reform Measures, 382;
Further Reorganizational Measures, 384
Labor Servicemen at Bor 386
The Deployment Agreement, 387; Conditions
of Labor, 392; The Road to Disaster, 393;
The Slaughter of October 7-8, 1944, 394
The Labor Service System During the 397
German Occupation
The Sztojay Era, 397; The Nyilas Era, 402
Jewish Self-Help to Labor Servicemen 405
Hungarian Jews in Soviet POW Camps 408
Notes 411
11. The Road to Destruction 429
Antecedents of the German Occupation 429
The Schloss Klessheim Conference 437
The Crown Council Meeting of March 19 438
The Jagerstab Project 445
Horthy’s Consent to the Delivery of 447
“Jewish Workers”
Notes 451
CONTENTS xiii
12. The Occupation Forces and Authorities 457
The Wehrmacht 457
Representation of the Führer and 458
of the Foreign Office
Agencies of the RSHA 463
The Higher SS- and Police Leader, 463;
The I’ ichmarm-Sonderkommando, 467
Notes 470
13. The Sztöjay Government 474
The Police 480
Departments XX and XXI 484
The Gendarmerie 485
The Civil Service 491
Notes 495
14. The Jewish Council 501
Guiding Principles 501
The Jewish Council of Budapest 502
The Rationalizations of Samu Stem 506
Perceptions and Policies of the Council 508
Favors Granted to Council Members 510
The Issue of the Immunity Certificates 512
Atomization of the Community 515
Lulling of the Jewish Masses 519
The First Meeting with Eichmann 522
Plans for the Structural Reorganization 527
of the Community
The “Legalization” of the Council 536
XIV
CONTENTS
The Basis for the Appointment of 540
New Council Members
Berend and the Council, 540;
The Trial of Berend, 547
The Reorganized Council’s Operations 551
The Association of the Christian Jews of Hungary 553
Reorganization of the Provisional Executive 557
Committee
Notes 561
15. The First Anti-Jewish Measures 575
Arrests and Intimidations 575
Demands and Requisitions 581
The Isolation of the Jews: The Anti-Jewish Decrees 587
Marking of the Jews 590
Social and Spiritual “Purification” 596
The Hungarian Royal Propaganda Office
for National Defense, 602; The Hungarian
Institute for the Researching of the Jewish
Question, 604
Notes 605
16. The Processes of Economic Destruction 613
The Pauperization of the Jews 613
The Economics of the Final Solution 614
The German Expropriation Process 616
The “Legislative” Measures of the 618
Sztöjay Government
Hungarian Reaction to German Expropriations 625
The SS Acquisition of the Weiss-Manfféd Works 627
CONTENTS
xv
Reaction of the Hungarian Government 632
Reaction of the German Foreign Office 635
Notes 638
17. Ghettoization: Phase I 646
The Ghettoization Decision 646
The Military Operational Zones 657
The Hungarian “Dejewification” Unit 659
The Ghettoization, Concentration, 660
and Deportation Master Plan
The Ghettoization Process, 663
The Rationalizations of the Jews 665
Zone I: Carpatho-Ruthenia 668
and Northeastern Hungary
Munkacs, 670; Ungvar, 671; Beregszasz, 674;
Nagyszollos, 674; Huszt, 675; Tecso, 675;
Satoraljaujhely, 675; Maramarossziget, 676;
Kassa, 679; Nyiregyhaza, 681;
Mateszalka, 684; Kisvarda, 685
The “Emergency” Measures in Southern Hungary 686
Reaction of the Jewish Council 687
Internments through the Council 694
The Ghettoization Decree 697
Notes 698
18. Zone II: Northern Transylvania 715
The Ghettoization Conferences 715
The Ghettoization Operation 717
XVI
CONTENTS
Kolozsvâr, 721; Szamosüjvâr, 725;
Dés, 726; Szilâgysomlyô, 728;
Szatmâméméti, 730; Nagybânya, 731;
Beszterce, 733; Nagyvârad, 734
The Székely Land 739
Marosvâsârhely, 739; Szâszrégen, 742;
Sepsiszentgyôrgy, 743
Endre’s Second Tour 744
The Ghettoization in Northern Transylvania: 745
An Overview
Notes 746
19. Deportation 759
Demoralization of the Jews 759
Finalization of the Deportation Plans 760
Operational Directives 765
Transportation Arrangements 769
Deportations: Zones I and II 771
Extraordinary Deportations 774
The Mission of Eberhard von Thadden 776
German Camouflage Attempts 779
A German Film on the Deportations 780
Ferenczy’s Deportation Progress Reports 781
Hungarian Official Camouflage 783
Notes 786
20. Zone III: Northern Hungary 791
The Concentration of the Jews 791
Gendarmerie District II 794
CONTENTS xvii
Dunaszerdahely, 794; Ersekujvar, 795;
Gyor, 795; Komarom, 797; Leva, 797;
Szekesfehervar, 798
Gendarmerie District VII 799
Balassagyarmat, 799; Eger, 800;
Hatvan, 802; Miskolc, 802; Salgotarjan, 804
Reaction of the Jewish Council 804
“Revolt” Against the Council 807
Notes 812
Volume 2
21. Zone IV: Southern Hungary East of the Danube 823
The Ghettoization Process 823
Gendarmerie District V 824
Hodmezovasarhely, 824; Kalocsa, 825;
Kecel, 825; Kiskdros, 825; Mako, 826;
Nagykata, 826; Szentes, 827
Gendarmerie District VI 827
Halduboszormeny, 828; Hajdudorog, 828;
Hajduhadhaz, 828; Hajdunands, 829;
Hajduszoboszlo, 829; Karcag, 829;
Szarvas, 829; Teglas, 830
The Delvidek 830
Bacstopolya, 832; Baja, 833; Ujvidek, 834;
Szabadka, 835; Zombor, 835
The Concentration of the Jews 836
Bacsalmas, 838; Bekecsaba, 838;
Debrecen, 839; Kecskemet, 841;
Szeged, 842; Szolnok, 849; Nagyvarad, 849
“On Ice” in Strasshof
850
xviii CONTENTS
Reaction of the Jewish Council 854
Notes 861
22. The Last Phase: Zones V and VI and Auschwitz 879
Zone V: Western Hungary 879
Bonyhad, 880; Keszthely, 880; Kormend, 880;
Koszeg, 881; Mohacs, 881; Nagyatad, 886;
Nagykanizsa,886; Sarbogard, 887;
Szentgotthard, 887; Vasvar, 887;
Veszprem, 888
The Concentration Process 889
Kaposvar, 891; Paks, 892; Papa, 892;
Pecs, 893; Sarvar, 894; Sopron, 895;
Szombathely, 897; Zalaegerszeg, 898;
Deportation: A Zonal Evaluation, 901
Zone VI: Budapest and Its Environs 902
Csepel, 903; Kispest, 904; Ujpest, 904
Concentration and Entrainment Centers 905
Budakalasz, 905; Monor, 906
Hungarian Jews in Auschwitz 907
Hungarian Jews in Other Concentration Camps 920
Notes 921
23. The Conspiracy of Silence 939
The Facts and Sources of Information 939
The First Revelations About the Mass Murders 941
Report on the Nazi Resolution Relating 945
to the Final Solution
The Revelations by Polish and Slovak Refugees 949
Acknowledgments by Jewish Leaders 955
CONTENTS
xix
The Auschwitz Reports 959
The Hungarian Leaders’ Awareness of the 969
Catastrophe
The Attempt at Assessment 971
Kasztner and the Auschwitz Reports, 973
Notes 979
24. Fate of the Jews of Budapest 991
The Concentration of the Jews of Budapest: 991
The Establishment of Yellow-Star Houses
The Relocation of the Jews 994
“Legal” Provisions, 994
The Separation of the Converts 999
The Administration of Jewish Apartments,
1000
Notes 1002
25, From the End of the Deportations 1004
to the Szälasi Coup
Meetings of the Council of Ministers 1004
The “Explanations” of Baky and Endre 1008;
Pressure on Horthy, 1017; The Crown
Council Meeting of June 26, 1019
The Baky Coup Attempt and the Scheme 1026
to Deport the Jews of Budapest
The Halting of the Deportations 1028
Germany and the Deportation of Budapest Jews 1030
The Kistarcsa Tragedy 1040
The Jewish Community of Budapest 1043
in the Summer of 1944
XX CONTENTS
Cultural-Educational Situation, 1044;
Conversions and the Converts, 1046;
The Exemption System, 1051
Ferenczy “to the Rescue” 1057
New Deportation Threats 1063
The Lakatos Government 1070
Mobilization for Labor 1075
Notes 1085
26. The Szalasi Era 1100
Toward the Denouement 1100
The Armistice Attempt and 1104
the Coup of October 15
Unleashing of the Nyilas Terror 1110
The German Dimension in the Renewed 1115
Anti-Jewish Drive
The Drive Against the Jews 1117
The Death-Marches to Hegyeshalom 1121
The Fate of the Labor Servicemen in the Military 1129
The International Ghetto 1130
The Ghetto of Budapest 1137
Administration of the Ghetto 1145
The System of Public Safety 1148
Food and Supplies 1150
Health Problems 1152
Education and Religious Life 1156
Governmental Quixotism and Unchecked Terror 1157
Plans for the Destruction of the Ghetto 1168
Notes 1171
CONTENTS
xxi
27. Treatment of Foreign Jews in Hungary 1185
The Foreign Jewish Nationals in Hungary 1185
Before the German Occupation
The Anti-Jewish Measures and the 1186
Foreign Jewish Nationals
The Governmental Decisions 1189
The Axis-Allied States 1192
Bulgaria, 1192; Croatia, 1192; Finland, 1193;
France, 1193; The Third Reich, 1194; Italy,
1194; Romania, 1195; Slovakia, 1196
Enemy and Neutral States 1198
Notes 1199
28. Treatment of Hungarian Jews Abroad 1203
The Pre-Occupation Era: An Overview 1203
Romania: From Adoption to Rejection 1205
of the Final Solution
Romania as a Haven for Hungarian-Jewish 1209
Refugees
Slovakia: A Pioneer of Anti-Jewish Measures 1219
Slovakia: The Temporary Haven 1221
Slovakia: The Tragedy Completed 1222
Notes 1224
29. Rescue and Resistance 1230
The Domestic Climate for Rescue and Resistance 1230
Attitude of the Hungarian Christians 1231
Jewish Self-Help 1238
The Jewish Council 1240
The Relief and Rescue Committee: 1243
The Kasztner Line
xxu
CONTENTS
The Brand Mission 1254
The Reaction of the Free World, 1260;
Brand’s Perception of the Yishuv
Leaders, 1263
The SS Line and Its Achievements 1265
The Kasztner Transport, 1266; Kasztner’s
Negotiations with Becher, 1271;
The Freeing of the Kasztner Transport, 1280;
Competing Claims for Credit, 1282
The Kasztner Case in Israel 1283
Other Lines of Rescue 1293
The Rescue Activities of Miklos Krausz, 1294;
The Rescue Activities of Otto Komoly, 1300
Non-Jewish Rescue Efforts 1303
Resistance 1305
Hungarian Resistance, 1306; Jewish
Resistance, 1311; The Parachutists, 1313;
The Attempt to Enlighten Hungarian Public
Opinion, 1315; The Plan to Arm
the Labor Servicemen, 1317; The Rescue
Activities of the Hehalutz Youth, 1318
Notes 1332
30. The Attitude and Reactions of the 1359
Christian Churches
The Christian Churches and the Jews 1359
The Attitude and Actions of the Catholic Church 1365
The Attitude and Actions of the 1377
Protestant Churches
The Attitude and Actions of Individual Bishops 1383
The Christian Churches During the Nyilas Era 1388
CONTENTS
The Holy Cross Society
The Good Shepherd Committee
Notes
31. International Reaction and Intervention
The International Red Cross
The Vatican and the Budapest Nunciature
The Attitude and Reaction of the Neutral Countries
Switzerland, 1425; Sweden, 1434; The Role
of Raoul Wallenberg, 1436; The Disappearance
of Wallenberg, 1441; Spain, 1443; Portugal,
1446; Turkey, 1448
The Attitude and Reaction of the Western Allies
The Politics of Indifference, 1449;
The Western Allies and the Destruction
of Hungarian Jewry, 1455; The Allies’
Reaction to the Brand Mission, 1458; The
Allies’ Reaction to the Auschwitz Reports
and to the Krausz Report, 1464; The Allies’
Reaction to the Horthy Offer, 1468
The USSR
El Salvador
The Jewish Relief and Rescue Organizations
Notes
32. Liberation, Restitution, Retribution
Liberation
The Losses of Hungarian Jewry: A Statistical
Overview
Reconstruction
The Revitalization of Communal Life
xxiii
1390
1391
1393
1401
1402
1409
1425
1448
1474
1476
1477
1481
1505
1505
1506
1512
1515
XXIV
CONTENTS
Restitution, Indemnification, and Reparation 1517
Reaction to Jewish Demands: Neo-Anti-Semitism 1528
Restitution and Reparation from the Federal 1531
Republic of Germany
War Crimes Trials 1535
Hungary, 1535; Romania, 1542; Yugoslavia,
1543; The Federal Republic of Germany,
1544; Austria, 1547; Other Countries, 1548;
The United States, 1549; The Jozsef Szendi
Case, 1550; The Ferenc Koreh Case, 1551;
Canada,1554; Finta’s Background, 1555;
The Test Case: Regina v. Finta; 1557
Those Who Escaped 1561
Notes 1563
33. Hungarian Reactions to the Holocaust 1585
The Pre-Stalinist Era 1585
The Stalinist Era 1591
The Post-Stalinist Era 1592
The Post-Communist Era 1595
The Intensification of the Assault, 1606;
The Assault on Memory in High Gear, 1614;
The Fiasco of the Remembrance Year, 1619
Notes 1630
Appendix 1.Administration of the Labor Service 1655
System in the Ministry of Defense: 1944
Appendix 2. Labor Service Companies 1657
Authorized for Transfer to the Germans
Appendix 3. Major Anti-Jewish Decrees Issued 1661
Between March 29 and December 6,1944
CONTENTS
XXV
Appendix 4. Hungarian and Foreign Jewish 1675
Authors Whose Works Were Banned
Hungarian-Jewish Authors 1675
Foreign Jewish Authors 1676
Hungarian-Jewish Authors: Supplemental List 1676
Foreign Jewish Authors: Supplemental List 1678
Appendix 5. Chronology 1679
Appendix 6. Deportation Trains Passing 1700
Through Kassa in 1944: Dates, Origin of
Transports, and Number of Deportees
Glossary *
Name Index 1717
Geographic Index 1759
Subject Index
1793
|
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record_format | marc |
series2 | East European monographs |
spelling | Braham, Randolph L. 1922-2018 Verfasser (DE-588)124808751 aut The politics of genocide the Holocaust in Hungary 2 Randolph L. Braham Third revised and enlarged edition Boulder East European Monographs [2016] xxxii Seiten, Seite 824 - 1825 Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier East European monographs 802 (DE-604)BV043766638 2 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029232870&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
spellingShingle | Braham, Randolph L. 1922-2018 The politics of genocide the Holocaust in Hungary |
title | The politics of genocide the Holocaust in Hungary |
title_auth | The politics of genocide the Holocaust in Hungary |
title_exact_search | The politics of genocide the Holocaust in Hungary |
title_full | The politics of genocide the Holocaust in Hungary 2 Randolph L. Braham |
title_fullStr | The politics of genocide the Holocaust in Hungary 2 Randolph L. Braham |
title_full_unstemmed | The politics of genocide the Holocaust in Hungary 2 Randolph L. Braham |
title_short | The politics of genocide |
title_sort | the politics of genocide the holocaust in hungary |
title_sub | the Holocaust in Hungary |
url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029232870&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
volume_link | (DE-604)BV043766638 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT brahamrandolphl thepoliticsofgenocidetheholocaustinhungary2 |