Theory-Based Ecology: A Darwinian approach
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| Weitere Verfasser: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Oxford
Oxford University Press
[2016]
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| Ausgabe: | First edition |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Beschreibung: | xxii, 301 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme 26 cm |
| ISBN: | 9780199577859 9780199577866 |
Internformat
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Theory-Based Ecology
A Darwinian approach
Liz Pasztor
Department of Genetics, Eotvos University, Budapest, Hungary
Zoltan Botta-Dukat
MTA Centre for Ecological Research, Vacratot, Hungary
Gabriella Magyar
Formerly of Department of Plant Systematics, Ecology and Theoretical Biology,
Eotvos University, Budapest, Hungary
Tamas Czaran
Research Group of Theoretical Biology and Evolutionary Ecology,
MTA and Eotvos University, Budapest, Hungary
Geza Meszena
Department of Biological Physics, Eotvos University, Budapest, Hungary
OXTORD
UNIVERSITY PRESS
Contents
List of Online Materials xv
List of Figure and Table Credits xvii
Part I Introduction 1
1 Introduction: Darwinian ecology 3
1 1 Darwin s explanation for the emergence and maintenance of diversity 3
1 2 The Darwinian principles of ecology 4
1 3 Dynamics explains patterns and structures 8
TBox 1 1 Derivatives: from speed to growth rate 9
131 Regulating feedback in a vessel 10
TBox 1 2 Dynamical systems, self-regulation, and linearization 11
TBox 1 3 Timescale separation 13
132 Population regulation 14
Note 1 1 Murphy s rule for the identification of regulating variables 16
133 Fitness and population growth of reproductive units 16
2 Sources and treatment of complexity 18
2 1 Stochasticity of individual life histories 18
TBox 2 1 Discrete and continuous descriptions of a stochastic process 20
2 2 Individual states and population structures 21
2 3 Interactions between individuals 22
TBox 2 2 Derivatives of functions of several variables 23
2 4 Complex dynamics 25
2 5 Environments changing in space and time 26
2 6 The complexity of communities 27
2 7 Linking theory and empirical data 27
Part II Exponential growth 31
3 Exponential growth of unstructured populations 33
3 1 The nature of exponential growth 33
3 2 The conditions for exponential growth 34
xii CONTENTS
TBox 3 1 Deterministic exponential growth of
a large unregulated population 37
TBox 3 2 Stochastic population growth in discrete time 39
TBox 3 3 Exponential growth in continuous time 42
3 3 Further examples of exponential dynamics 43
• 4 Population structure and exponential growth 48
4 1 Specifying population structure 48
4 2 Population structure and life histories 52
TBox 4 1 Life histories as Markov chains 53
4 3 Exponential growth of structured populations 55
TBox 4 2 Unregulated population growth in two habitat patches 56
TBox 4 3 How does the two-patch model behave? 57
TBox 4 4 Reproductive value 59
TBox 4 5 The two-patch situation with stochastic fluctuations 63
4 4 Decomposition of changes in growth rate 64
TBox 4 6 How do structured populations and Markov chains
jl behave in general? 69
5 Ecological tolerance and the distribution of species 71
5 1 The potential for exponential population growth and the response function 71
511 Body size and the potential for population growth 71
512 Growth potentials and ecological tolerance 73
5 2 Matching ecological tolerance and geographical distribution 77
521 Predicting distribution from tolerance 77
TBox 5 1 Ecological tolerance and spatial distribution 78
522 Deducing tolerance from geographical distribution 84
5 3 Comparative studies of ecological tolerance 86
Part III Regulation of population growth 93
6 Growth regulation, feedbacks, and their dynamical consequences 95
6 1 The comparative stability of populations 95
611 The inevitability of population regulation 95
612 Density dependence and carrying capacity of the environment 97
TBox 6 1 Relaxation time in the case of logistic growth 99
6 2 Site-regulated populations 99
TBox 6 2 Population regulation by free sites: the Levins model 102
6 3 Positive interactions between individuals: the Allee effect and facilitation 103
6 4 Regulation by trophic interactions 106
641 Features of trophic interactions 106
TBox 6 3 Functional response, numerical response, and R* 108
642 Resource-regulated population dynamics 110
TBox 6 4 Trophic interactions: dynamics and regulation 111
643 Regulation of populations in trophic relation 112
TBox 6 5 Description of multicomponent systems 113
644 Trophic chains and the consequences of exclusive resource limitation 115
TBox 6 6 Top-down regulation 118
CONTENTS xiii
7 Competitive exclusion 121
7 1 Competitive exclusion and population regulation 121
711 Competitive exclusion and exponential growth 121
TBox 7 1 Exponential dynamics of competitive exclusion 123
712 Pessimization principles for regulated populations 124
7 2 Allelic selection in diploid populations 129
TBox 7 2 Competition between alleles in diploid populations 130
7 3 Spreading dynamics 131
TBox 7 3 Dynamics of spreading 133
7 4 Environmental effects and the competitive exclusion principle 136
741 Competitive exclusion in fluctuating environments 137
Note 7 1 Misconceptions in relation to the concept of competition 141
8 Trade-offs and adaptations 144
8 1 Constraints, trade-offs, and selection 144
TBox 8 1 Constraints, trade-offs, and their dependence on the environment 151
8 2 Trade-off and optimization 154
TBox 8 2 Optimization of reproductive effort 154
8 3 Optimal fecundity and balanced mortality 159
TBox 8 3 Environmental modification of the optimal strategy 162
Note 8 1 Balancing fecundity and r, K-sulection 165
8 4 Primary adaptive strategies of plants in response to regulating factors 166
Note 8 2 Division of labour in plants 167
9 Robust coexistence and population regulation 170
9 1 Robust coexistence and frequency-dependent selection 170
TBox 9 1 Coexistence in the Lotka-Volterra competition model 171
9 2 Coexistence, population regulation, and trade-offs 178
921 Generalization of the competitive exclusion principle 178
Note 9 1 Historical reflections on the competitive exclusion principle 179
922 Coexistence on two resources 180
TBox 9 2 Tilman s model of coexistence 182
TBox 9 3 Robustness of coexistence, impact, and sensitivity 184
923 Asymmetric competition for space and for light 186
TBox 9 4 Coexistence in a site-occupancy model 189
9 3 Coexistence and regulation in a food web context 191
TBox 9 5 Predator-prey oscillations 193
10 Population regulation and the ecological niche 200
10 1 Diversification is an essential feature of life 200
10 2 A theory-based forma I niche concept 203
10 2 1 Discrete and continuous niche spaces 204
TBox 10 1 The niche space 205
10 2 2 Niche of alleles, clones, and species 207
10 2 3 Measures of niche segregation 209
TBox 10 2 Competition and niche overlap 210
10 2 4 The niche of stuctured populations 213
TBox 10 3 Niche segregation in a two-patch environment 214
10 2 5 Temporal niche 217
xiv CONTENTS
TBox 10 4 Temporal niche segregation and storage effect 218
TBox 10 5 Coexistence in cyclic environments 220
10 2 6 Niche segregation and evolution 222
TBox 10 6 Evolutionary consequences of competition 227
Part IV Finiteness and diversity 229
11 Stochasticity due to finiteness 231
11 1 Viability of small populations 231
TBox 11 1 Branching process: connecting individual
and population-level stochasticity 233
TBox 11 2 Stochastic individual contributions to population
growth and demographic stochasticity 237
TBox 11 3 Extinction time and diffusion 239
11 2 Loss of genetic diversity and its consequences 240
TBox 11 4 Genetic drift: the Fisher-Wright model and coalescence 243
11 3 Diversity patterns under neutral dynamics 246
Note 11 1 Species-abundance distributions 248
12 Diversity patterns and population regulation 250
12 1 Global structures and diversity patterns 250
12 1 1 Biomes 250
12 1 2 Global and regional species diversity 253
Note 12 1 Measuring diversity 254
12 2 The effect of regional diversity on the diversity and
function of local communities 261
12 3 Spatial patterns of community composition and regulation 264
References
Index
|
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| author2 | Pásztor, Liz Czárán, Tamás Botta-Dukát, Zoltán Magyar, Gabriella Meszéna, Géza |
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| dewey-ones | 577 - Ecology |
| dewey-raw | 577.01 |
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| dewey-tens | 570 - Biology |
| discipline | Biologie |
| edition | First edition |
| format | Book |
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| spelling | Theory-Based Ecology A Darwinian approach Liz Pásztor, Zoltán Botta-Dukát, Gabriella Magyar, Tamás Czárán, Géza Meszéna First edition Oxford Oxford University Press [2016] xxii, 301 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme 26 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Includes bibliographical references and index Mathematisches Modell (DE-588)4114528-8 gnd rswk-swf Theoretische Ökologie (DE-588)4205529-5 gnd rswk-swf Ökosystemforschung (DE-588)4225737-2 gnd rswk-swf Theoretische Ökologie (DE-588)4205529-5 s Ökosystemforschung (DE-588)4225737-2 s Mathematisches Modell (DE-588)4114528-8 s DE-604 Pásztor, Liz edt Czárán, Tamás edt Botta-Dukát, Zoltán edt Magyar, Gabriella (DE-588)1114080926 edt Meszéna, Géza edt HEBIS Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029231938&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
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| title | Theory-Based Ecology A Darwinian approach |
| title_auth | Theory-Based Ecology A Darwinian approach |
| title_exact_search | Theory-Based Ecology A Darwinian approach |
| title_full | Theory-Based Ecology A Darwinian approach Liz Pásztor, Zoltán Botta-Dukát, Gabriella Magyar, Tamás Czárán, Géza Meszéna |
| title_fullStr | Theory-Based Ecology A Darwinian approach Liz Pásztor, Zoltán Botta-Dukát, Gabriella Magyar, Tamás Czárán, Géza Meszéna |
| title_full_unstemmed | Theory-Based Ecology A Darwinian approach Liz Pásztor, Zoltán Botta-Dukát, Gabriella Magyar, Tamás Czárán, Géza Meszéna |
| title_short | Theory-Based Ecology |
| title_sort | theory based ecology a darwinian approach |
| title_sub | A Darwinian approach |
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| topic_facet | Mathematisches Modell Theoretische Ökologie Ökosystemforschung |
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