Drevnjaja Sparta i ee geroi:
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Russian |
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Moskva
Izdatelʹstvo "Lomonosovʺ"
2016
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Istorija. Geografija. Ėtnografija
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Literaturverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | 279 Seiten Illustrationen |
| ISBN: | 9785916783346 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 084 | |a 6,12 |2 ssgn | ||
| 100 | 1 | |a Pečatnova, Larisa Gavrilovna |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Drevnjaja Sparta i ee geroi |c Larisa Pečatnova ; illjustracii Iriny Tibilovoj |
| 264 | 1 | |a Moskva |b Izdatelʹstvo "Lomonosovʺ" |c 2016 | |
| 300 | |a 279 Seiten |b Illustrationen | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 490 | 0 | |a Istorija. Geografija. Ėtnografija | |
| 546 | |a Text russisch | ||
| 546 | |b Kyrillische Schrift | ||
| 648 | 7 | |a Geschichte v560-v192 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 651 | 7 | |a Sparta |0 (DE-588)4056054-5 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 688 | 7 | |a Sparta, 750 - 500 v. Chr. |0 (DE-2581)TH000003519 |2 gbd | |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Sparta |0 (DE-588)4056054-5 |D g |
| 689 | 0 | 1 | |a Geschichte v560-v192 |A z |
| 689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Tibilova, Irina Konstantinovna |d 1952- |0 (DE-588)138764425 |4 ill | |
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| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029231903&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Literaturverzeichnis |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804176676555325440 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Coflep KaHne
ripeßHCJTOBHe................................................5
rnaBa I. JlnKypr— co3,qaTenb
CnapTaHCKoro rocyqapcTBa................................... 8
TnaBa II. U[apb KneoMöH I n cnapTaHCKaq oömuHa. ... 20
npeziaHHe o KjieoMeHe.......................................20
KjieoMeH, fleMapaT h A(J)hhm................................23
OTHomeHHe KjieoMena k pejiHraH h cyaeöHbie npoueccbi
npoTHB nero................................................36
AHTHrocyaapcTBeHHaa ,n;eOTejibHOCTb KjieoMeHa b ApicanHH
h ero rnöejib..............................................42
TnaBa ill. flojqBur qapn fleoHUfla m TpexcoT
cnapraHMeB................................................. 53
rnaßa IV. PereHT riaBcaHMM — KepTBa
nOBMTHHeCKOM HHTpHTM........................................86
Hto imcajiH o üaBcaHHH #peBHHe h coßpeMeHHbie hctophkh. . . 86
riepBoe npeöbiBaHHe üaBcaHHfl b BH3aHTHH....................89
üeperiHCKa lïaBcaHHn c Bcjihkhm uapeM.......................92
rijiaHbi 2KeHHTb6bi IlaBcaHHH...............................96
OTHomeHHe cnaptaHCKHx C0I03HHK0B k IlaBcaHHïo..............100
Cya Ha# IlaBcaHHeM h oTKa3 Cnapra ot pyKOBOACTBa
SjIJIHHCKHM C0I030M.....................................106
BTopoe npeóbiBaHwe IlaBcaHHfl b BroaHTHH h GercTBo
B KOJIOHbl..............................................111
FnOejib riaBcaHHH.........................................117
DiaBa V. BennHHe n nafleHue JlucaHApa.....................131
Habano nojiHTiwecKoñ Kapbepw JlncaHApa h ero riepBaa
HaBapxHa.............................................. 131
JlncaHAp — co3AaTejib cnapTaHCKOH HMnepHH.................137
OnajibHbiH nojiHTHK.......................................150
Uapb IlaBcaHHH h JlHcaHAp — cMepTejibHbie Bpara...........167
TnaBa V!. LJapb Aruc IV: Tparefl^^ MenTaTenn
m pectDopMaTopa.........................................182
TnaBa Vil. KneoMeH III — nocneAHMM Bonv Kv Á uapb . . . 201
McotceM jih mh AOBepHTb njiyrapxy h TTojimOhio?...........201
)KeHHTb6a K)Horo npHHua...................................204
BjiH5iHHe (j)Hüoco(j)a-CTOHKa C(|)epa Ha KjieoMeHa........205
yOííHCTBO ApXHA^Ma........................................206
Y6liHCTBO 3(J OpOB H H3rHaHHe CIiapTaHCKOH 3JIHTBI........210
Pe^opMbi KjieoMeHa........................................214
BjiHHHHe pe(J)opM KjieoMeHa Ha nojiHCbi üejionoHHeca......222
Hjiotbi b apMHH KjreoMeHa.................................226
Cynb6a pecjDopM KjieoMeHa.................................229
ITpuAOjfceHue
CnapTaHCKHe mpn (ok. 560—192 ir. ao h.3.)...............233
KpaTKHe cnpaBKH 06 ynoMHHaeMbix b KHHre npaBHTejinx . . . 235
CnucoK coKpaw,eHuü........................................240
CnucoK ucnoAb3oeanHoü jiumepamypu.........................242
TIpuMenanm................................................245
Cni/icoK Mcnojib30BaHHOM riMTepaTypbi
nuTepaiypa Ha pyccKOM H3biKe
Audpeee K). B. CnapTaHcxaH rHHeKOKparaa // KeHiunHa b shthmiiom
MHpe. M., 1995. C. 44—62.
JJcmdaMaee M. A. II ojïh thh ec k a a mctophh Axcmchhuckom ziep^KaBbi.
M., 1985.
floeamypA. H. IïojiHTHKa h iiojihtmm ApHCTorejiH. M.; JL 1965.
JJbxKOHoe H. M. HcTopiia Mmj.mu ot jxpcBHePnimx BpeMen ao Kornja
IV b. jio h. 3. M. — 4 JI., 1956.
3aÜK06 A. B. «KpHBÆa» h kohcthTyiinoh Hbi e npoue^ypbi b apxanqe-
cKoñ CnapTe // Apmpmasi ÆpeBHocTb h cpe/iHHe BeKa. Bbin. 34.
EKaTepHHöypr, 2003. C. 23—33.
3aÜKoeA. B. OömecTBO apeBHeii CnapTBi. OcHOBHbie KaTeropHH co-
iiHaJibHOH cxpyKTypbi. EKaTepHHÖypr, 2013.
Kyjiuuioea O. B. CnapTaHCKHH iiapb KjieoMeH h ¿lejibcjM // Mhcmoh.
HccJieaoBaiiHa h nyöJiHKaiwn no hctophh aHTHMiioro MHpa.
Bbin. 2. CII6. 2003.
Kypu/ioeM. 3. CounajibHO-nojiHTHnecKoe ycTponcTBO, BHenntHK no-
jiHTHKa h anruioMaTHn KJiaccmecKOH Cnapra. CapaTOB, 2005.
Jlypbe C. McTopHB Ipemm: Kvpc JieicuHH / üor pea. 3. fl. Opojio-
Ba. CII6., 1993.
ÖJiMcmedA. HcTOpmi riepcnacKOH HMnepnn. M., 2012.
ElapmuKoeA. E. üaBcaHHö n nojinranecKa# 6opb6a b CnapTe // BÜH.
1968. Ne 1. C. 126-136.
ílenamnoea JI. E. TiinoMeHOHbi h Mo^aicn (Orpyrcrypa rpaxcaaHCKoro
KOjnieKTHBa Cnapxbi) //BRU. 1993. Ne3. C. 100—116.
ITeHamHoeaJI. E. 3aroßop KimajíOHa // BÆM. 1984. Ne 2. C. 133—140.
ElenamnoeaJI. E. HeoÆaMoabi b CnapTe // B^H. 1988. Ne 3. C. 19—30.
ElenamnoeaJI. E. Hctophh CnapTbi. IlepHoa; apxanxn h KjiaccHKH.
Cn6.,2001.
CnncoK ncnonb30BaHHotf nuTepaiypbi________________________243
Pym3. B. Vpeiimi h AxeMeHMncKaa nepacaßa. Hctophh zuuuioMaTM-
HeCKHX OTHOineHHH B VI—IV BB. RO H. 3. CII6., 2008.
Cu3oe C. K. AxeficKHH cok 3. McropHH apeBHerpeHecKoro cj^eaepaTHß-
Horo rocyzjapcTBa (281—221 rr. jxo h. 3.). M., 1989. 172 c.
Cmpoaei^Kuü B. M. no JiHTHue cican 6opi»6a b CnapTe b 70-e roam V b.
JXO H. 3. // npOÖJieMBI aHTHHHOH rOCyZtapCTBeHHOCTH: c6. CTaxeH
non pen. npocj). 3.fl. Opojioßa. JL, 1982. C. 60-85.
CypuKoeH. E. Ahthuhb# FpeiiH»: iiojihthkh b KOHxeKCxe anoxH. Ap-
xaHKa H paHHHH KJiaccHKa. M., 2005.
CypuKoeH. E. AmmimR TpeuHa: itojihthkh b KomeKCxe 3noxH. Ha
nopore HOBoro MHpa. M., 2015.
CypuKoeH. E. Hs HCTOpKH rpenecKoii apHcxoKpaxHH no3nHeapxan-
xecKOM H paHHetoTaccHueckoh anox. M., 2000.
0pojioe 3. ff. H3 npeabicTopHM MJianuieM xnpaHHH (Ctojikhobchhc
jihhhocth H rocynapcTBa b CnapTe Ha pyöexce V—IV ctojicthh no
h. 3.)//BflH. 1972. No2. C. 22-39.
nuTepaxypa Ha HHocTpaHHbix ^3biKax
BaltmschE. Sparta, Geschichte, Gesellschaft, Kultur. München, 1998.
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CartledgeP. Sparta and Lakonia. A Regional History 1300—362 BC.
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CartledgeP., SpawforthA. Hellenistic and Roman Sparta. London;
New York, 1989.
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Clauss M. Sparta. Eine Einführung in seine Geschichte und
Zivilisation. München, 1983.
David E. Sparta between Empire and Revolution. New York, 1981.
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Dickins G. The Growth of Spartan Policy // JHS. Vol. 32. 1912.
P. 1-42.
Ehrenberg V. Sparta. Geschichte // RE. 2. Reihe. Bd. III. 1929. Hbbd.
6. Sp. 1373-1453.
FlowerM. A. Revolutionary Agitation and Social Change in Classical
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Bulletin Supplement 58. 1991. P. 78—97.
FlowerM. A. Simonides, Ephorus and Herodotus on the battle at
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244______________________________flpeBHflfl CnapTa n ee repon
Fomara Ch. Some Aspects of the Career of Pausanias of Sparta //
Historia. Bd. 15.1966. Hf. 3. P. 257-271.
Giorgini G. The riddle of Pausanias. Unraveling Thucydides’ account //
Rivista Storica dell’ Antichitä (Bolonia). T. 34. 2004. P. 181 -206.
Hamilton Ch. D. Spartan Politics and Policy, 405-401 BC // AJPh.
Vol.91.1970. No. 3. P. 294-314.
HammondN. G. L. Sparta at Thermopylae // Historia. Vol. 45. 1996.
P. 1-20.
HodkinsonSt. Inheritance, Marriage and Demography: Perspectives
upon the Success and Decline of Classical Sparta // Classical
Sparta: Techniques behind her Success / A. Powell (ed.). London,
1989. P. 79-121.
HodkinsonSt. Social Order and the Conflict of Values in Classical
Sparta//Chiron. Bd. 13.1983. P. 239-281.
Huxley G. L. Early Sparta. London, 1962.
LazenbyJ. F. Pausanias, Son of Kleombrotos // Hermes. Bd. 103.1975.
Hf. 2. P. 235-251.
LazenbyJ. F. The Spartan Army, Warminster, 1985.
Lenschau Th. König Kleomenesl. von Sparta // Klio. 1938. Bd. 31.
S. 412-429.
LippoldA. Pausanias von Sparta und die Perser // RhM. Bd. 108. 1965.
S. 320-341.
LotzeD. Lysander und Peloponnesische Krieg. Berlin, 1964.
LuriaS. Zum politischen Kampf in Sparta gegen Ende des 5.
Jahrhunderts//Klio, Bd. 21. 3927. Hf. 3/4. S. 404-420.
MacDowell D. Spartan Law. Edinburgh, 1986.
Oliva P. Sparta and her social Problems. Prague, 1971.
ParkerR. Spartan Religion // Classical Sparta: Techniques behind her
Success/ A. Powell (ed.). London, 1989. P. 142-172.
Powell A. Athens and Sparta. Constructing Greek Political and Social
History from 478 BC. 2nd ed. London; New York, 2001.
Talbert R. The Role of the Helots in the Class Struggle at Sparta //
Historia. Bd. 38. 1989. Hf. 1. P. 22-40.
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Toynbee A. Some Problems of Greek History. P. III. The Rise and
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npwvieHaHHfl
1 3flecb H uajiee Bce aara 6e3 oroBopKH «h. 3.» 03HanaioT roati ao Haineft
3pbl.
2 JIaTHHCKHH npejuior apud (coxpameHHO ap.) osHanaeT «y». HanpHMep,
ccbijiKa — Arist. ap. Plut. Lyc. 31,4 — o3HanaeT, hto njiyrapx mrrapy-
eT hjih ccbiJiaeTCH Ha ApHCTOTejm b 4-m naparpa4 e 31-h rjiaßbi CBoe-
ro KH3HeonHcaHHH JlnKypra.
3 Oliva P. Sparta and her social Problems. P. 70.
4 AudpeeeJO.B. K npoöJieMe «Jlmcyproßa 3aKOHO#aTejibCTBa» (O TaK
Ha3biBaeMOM nepeßopoTe VI b. b Cnapxe) // IIpoöjieMbi aHTHHHOH
rocy^apCTBeHHOCTH. JI.,1982.C. 58h npHM. 66.
5 Murray O. Early Greece. 2nd ed. Harvard, 1993. P.180.
6 OÖ30p jiHTepaTypbi no JlHKypry cm.: KoivM. Ancient Tradition and
Early Greek History. Tallinn, 2003. P. 148—216.
7 no MHeHHio ApHCTOTejm, JlHKypr h Cojioh OTjnraajiHCb ot oöbiHHbix
3aK0HoaaTejieH hmchho tcm, hto ohh öbuih aBTOpaMH He oxaejibHbix
3aKOHOB, a hx KOMnjieicca, to ecTb KOHCTHxynHH.
8 IIo cjioßaM C.fl.JIypbe, b CnapTe «öbuio BbipaöoTaHO HecKOJibKo
onpeaejieHHbix maöJiOHOB ¿um ycTpaHeHHfl itapen, BpejjHbix äjih cyrne-
CTByjomero oömecTBeHHoro nopamca» (Jlypbe C. H. HeropHfl aHTHH-
Hoh oöntecTBeHHoii MbicjiH. M.-JL, 1929. C. 179). MHHUHaTopaMH
ßcex H3BecTHbix cjiynaeß oxpemeHHH napen ot BjiacTH, c noMontbio
pejinrH03Hbix hjih cyaeöHbix cpeacTB, oöbiHHO BbicTynajin 3(jx pbi.
9 Eojibinan nacTb coöbithh, cBH3aHHbix c aeaTejibHOCThio KjieoMeHa I
H3 OTHaCTHH AjHaHOB, He M05KCT ÖblTb BnOJTHe Hajte^KHO aaTHpOBaHa.
Hanajio ero napcTBOBaHHa oöbihho noMemaiOT Mexay 525 h 517 rr.
npaBHJi KjieoMeH jho 490 r. (Her. V, 39; Paus. III, 3, 10). npHÖjra-
3HTejibHO b Te xe caMbie roßbi 6bui napeM b CnapTe h ero conpaBH-
Tejib H3 ÄHHacTHH EßpHnoHTHitoB — ,U,eMapaT (roabi npaBjieHHn —
ok. 515-491).
246______________________________flpeBHFm CnapTa u ee repOM
10 B coBpeMeHHOH HCTopHorpacJmH KrteoMeHy He yuejieHo äojdkhoto
BHHMaHHtf. Ü3 HHocTpaHHbix HccnejtoBaHHii cJienyeT Ha3BaTh paoo-
Ty T.JIeHiiiay (Lenschau Th. König Kleomenesl. von Sparta). B oTe-
necTBeHHOii HayKe caMoit 3HanHTejibHoii paöoTOH o KneoMeHe (KaK
no nojiHOTe peKOHCTpynpyeMbix coöhthh, Tax h no HajimHio hcto-
pmiecKoro KOHTexcTa) HBJineTCH onepx H. E. CypHKOBa b ero UHKJte
6Horpa J)Hft BbmaiomHxcH nojiHTHnecKHx AeaTejieH EpeuHH (Kjieo-
MeH I: «poxmemre jihhhocth b CnapTe» // CypuKoe K E. AHTHHHaa
rpemw: iiojihthkh b KOHTexcTe anoxH. Apxanxa h paHHHa KJiaccHKa.
C. 211-268).
11 JacobyR Herodotos//RE. Suppl. Hf. 2. Stuttgart, 1913. Sp. 205-520.
12 CßH^eTejibCTBa o KjteoMeHe y TaKHx nö3ßHHx nHcaxeJieH-aHTHKBapoB,
xaK riaBcaHHH, 3;maH, IIojiHeH, ILiyTapx, ksk npaBWio, oneHb KpaT-
KH, H B HHX He COtfepXCHTCfl KaKHX-JIHÖO HOBblX HeH3BCCTHbIX Tepoao-
Ty ÄaHHbix. HcKjnoneHHe npeßcraBjmeT tojibko ¿jobojTbho odurnpHaii
nonöopxa H3peneHHH KneoMeHa y ILnyTapxa b ero «Mopajnmx» (Mor.
223a — 224b). Maxepnajibi, npHBojxHMbie njiyrapxoM, cjiy*:aT Heoö-
xoAHMbiM ÄonoJiHeHneM ¿um co3^aHHH ncHxojionmecKOro nopTpeTa
cnapTaHCKoro napn.
13 Xoth, comacHo no^cneTaM apeBHHx xpoHorpa4)OB, b hbcthocth Eßce-
bhh (Euseb. I, 223—226), nepßbie napH b CnapTe npaBHJin yxce b Hanane
X B., ¿to cep. VI CTOJieTHR Mbi 3a peÄKHM HCiCfiioneHHeM He HMeeM o hhx
KaKHX-JIHÖO CBejieHHH, KpOMe HMeH H HHOTßa — npOÄOJt^CHTeJIbHOCTH
hx npaBJieHHH. JXaxce o ixapnx, HenocpettcTBeHHbix npezunecTBeHHMKax
KneoMeHa h ero conpaBHTejia ÄeMapaTa, H3BecTHO oneHb Majio. Cse-
o cnapTaHCKHX napax co ccbuiKaMH Ha hctohhhkh cm. b cjiejiy-
loiiiHX npoconorpa^HnecKHX cjioßapflx: Poralla P. Prosopographie der
Lakedaimonier bis auf die Zeit Alexanders des Grossen. Breslau, 1913;
Bradford A. S. A Prosopography of Lacedaemonians from the Death of
Alexander the Great, 323 BC. to the Sack of Sparta by Alaric, A. D. 396.
München, 1977.
14 ÜHCTHTyr jiHHHbix KOHTaKTOB Mexcay rpaxoraHaMH pa3JiHHHbix nojin-
cob Ha3biBajiCH y rpeKOB «KceHUH» — ot epen. «KceHoc» — ny^con, hho-
cTpaneit, rocTb. KceHHHecKHe oTHomeHHH nepenaBaJincb H3 noKOjie-
HHH B nOKO^eHHe.
15 AHaJiH3 apeBHHx cBrmeTejibCTB o 6opb6e CnapTbi c THpaHHnectcHMM
pexcHMaMH b PpeitHH co ccbuiKaMH Ha jiHTepaTypy cm.: IleHamHoeaJI. L
HcTopHH CnapTbi. IlepHoa apxaHKH h KJiaccHKH. C. 166—184.
16 CypuKoe H.E. M3 hctophh rpenecKoft apucTOKpaTHH no3nHeapxaHne-
CKOH H paHHCKJiaCCHHeCKOH anox. C. 147 CJI.
17 3to nepBaii Toraa aaTa, cBioaHHan c neaTejibHOCTbio KneoMeHa.
18 CartledgeP. Sparta and Lakonia... P. 146.
19 Huxley G. L. Early Sparta. P. 77.
np^MenaHMH ________________________________________________247
20 Ho MHeHHK) H3BecTHoro repMaHCKoro aHTHKOBeaa Yabpnxa KapuiTea-
Ta, «He öjbuio y3, KOTOpwe 6bi CBH3biBaaH hjichob aura apyr c npyroM,
BOBce He cymecTBOBajio HHKaKoro peryanpoßaHHa KOHCTHTynHOH-
Hbix OTHoiiieHHH...» (Kührstedt U. Griechisches Staatsrecht. Bd.I. Sparta
und seine Symmachie. Göttingen, 1922. Bd. I. S. 82). 3HaTOK rpene-
cKoro (J)eAepajiH3Ma flxc. JlapceH, HanpoTHB, noaaraeT, hto ut^Kjiy
CnapToh n ee coio3HHKaMH cyinecTBOBaao c£)opMaabHoe coraaiueHHe,
npHHUHiiH KOToporo öbuiH BbipaöoTaHbi B 505 r. Ha oömeM coöpa-
HHH COKD3HHKOB, TRQ, no ero CJIOBBM, ÖblJia npHHilTa «KOHCTHTyitH-
OHHaa KOHBeHUHH» (Larsen /. A. Sparta and Ionian Revolt: A Study of
Spartan Foreign Policy and the Genesis of the Peloponnesian League //
Classical Philology. Vol. 27. 1932. P. 140). B3raaa,bi hctophkob Ha
IlejionoHHeccKyio jmry, xax npaBHJio, jiexaT Mexay othmh KpataH-
mh noaiocaMH.
21 CypuKoeH. E. AHTHunaa FpenHa: noaimiKH b kohtckctc onoxH. Apxa-
Hfca H paHHHiT xaaccHKa. C. 257.
22 ClaussM. Sparta. Eine Einführung in seine Geschichte und Zivilisation.
S, 30.
23 Onopa Ha oÖbiaaH h npeneneHTbi, a He Ha rmcaHbie 3aKOHbi npocjiexcH-
BaeTcn bo Been aeaTeabHocTH cnapTaHCKoro npaBHTeabCTBa, B03raaB-
aaeMoro 3(j)opaMH. KaK H3BecTHo, nepßaa H3 Majibix peTp, npHHaTbix,
BepoHTHo, b cepeaHHe VI b,, raacnaa, hto nwcaHbie 3aKOHbi He HyacHbi
(Plut. Lyc. 13). no-BHUHMOMy, nepen HaMH npHHnnnuaabHbiH oTKa3
OT Kaicon-anGo itajibHeiimeH KozrH(J)HKauHH npaBa. CnapTaHcxaa
3jiHTa He xoTeaa xchtb no nncaHbiM 3aKOHaM, h6o cnpaBenanBo chh-
Tajia, HTo aioöaa 4 HKcanHa npaBa Be#eT k zteMOKpaTH3auHH oömecTBa.
Kax He pa3 yxce oiMeaaaocb b Hayhhoh JiMTepaxype, b CnapTe hhkot-
aa He 6buio naxte nonbiTOK co3naTb nHcaHbiii cBon 3aKOHOB, h MHorne
H3 rex ycTaHOBJieHHH, no kotopmm yxwio cnapraHCKoe oömecTBo cxo~
pee Bcero ocTaBajiHCb He 3anHcaHHbiMH (OlivaP. Sparta and her social
Problems. P. 75; MacDowell D. M. Spartan Law. P. 1—8; ITeHamHoeaJl. E
HcTopna CnapTbi. C. 35—39).
24 CymecxByeT TpaamrHa, caeabi kotopoh mm HaxonnM y IlaBcaHHa,
coraacHO kotopoh napb üoaHAop, npaeaiuHH BMecTe c OeonoMnoM
bo BpeMa IlepBOH MecceHCXoii bohhh, OTaHHaaca anöepaabHbiMH
B3raaaaMH h noab30Baaca nozmepxocoh paaoBbix rpaxcaaH. Hmchho
3a cboh aeM0Kpara3M oh cTaa xcepTBoii peaKUHH h 6bia yÖHT 3HaT-
hbim cnapTHaTOM no hmchh FloaeMapx (Paus. Ill, 3, 2—3). O tom, hto
Tloanaop aeftcTBHTeabHo paccMaTpHBaaca b CnapTe xax napb, oTcxa-
HBaiomnn HHTepecbi Been rpaxcnaHcxoii KopnopanHH Bxyne, cBHne-
TeabCTByer oxHoineHHe x HeMy nocaeayioiuHx noxoaeHHH cnapTaHneB.
Ilocae noöeabi araairrapHbix TenaeHUHÄ b cnapTaHckom oömecTBe
Iloanaop CTaHOBHTca oöbexTOM Bceoömero noaHTaHHa. Ero CTaTyio
246________________________________flpeBHqfl CnapTa n ee repon
noMecTHJiH Ha ojmo H3 caMbix noueTHbix MecT b CnapTe — psmoM
c MorHJioH OpecTa, a 3(| opbi nojib30Bajincb neuaTUMH c H3o6pa5xeHH-
eM ITojinziopa (Paus. III, 11, 10).
25 CypuKoeH E. AHTiiuHau Fpeium: nojiHTHKH b KOHTexcTe anoxH. Apxa-
HKa H paHHüH KJiaccHKa. C. 258 H npHM. 96.
26 KypiuioeM. 3. CoitHajibHo-nojiHTHuecxoe ycTpoiicTBO, BHennma
nojiHTHKa H OTnjiOMaTH5i KJiacciruecKoíí CnapTbi. C. 53.
27 TepoaoT paccMaTpHBajx n p o n ep c m ne xy io nojiHTHxy 3rHHbi xax axT
npe^aTejibCTBa no OTHoineHHio k FpeitHH, 3to 3acTaBHjio «oTua hcto-
pHH» H3MeHHTb CBOK) B UeJIOM aHTHXJieOMeHOBCXyiO n03HHHI0 H e£KH-
CTBeHHbl# pa3 B CBOeH «ÜCTOpHH» HBHO nOXBSJIHTb CnapTaHCKOrO
uapu HMeHHo 3a To, uro Ha 3rHHe oh «aettcTBOBaji na öjiaro Bceh
3juiaAbi» (VI, 61, 1). Hto xacaeTcu a |)mmH, to, no cjioBaM Tepozio-
Ta, «OHH c paAocTbio yxßaTHJiHCb 3a stot npezuior [mhah3M arHHueß]
H oTnpaBHjiHCb B CnapTy, uto6h oóbhhhtb armmeB xak npeaaTejieH
3juiazu i» (Her. VI, 49).
28 ClaussM. Sparta. Eine Einführung in seine Geschichte und Zivilisation.
S. 33.
29 O KoppymtHH B CnapTe cm. b uacTHOCTH: üenamnoeaJI. F. Hctopha
CnapTbi. C. 474—493,
30 Kax TOJibfco KjieoMeHy yziajiocb H3ÖaBHTbcu ot JleMapara, oh HeMen-
JieHHO B0306hOBHJI CBOH ÄeMCTBHH npOTHB 3rHHbI. B3UB B nJieH ÄeCHTb
caMbix BJiHBTejibHbix H 3HaTHbix othhctob, oh nepeziaji hx b xauecTBe
3ajioxcHHKOB ac|)HHHHaM, hx caMbiM 3JieÄuiHM BparaM (Her. VI, 73).
JlmneHHau cbohx nponepcuacxH HacxpoeHHbix JiHnepoB 3rHHa nepe-
cTajia öbiTb cepbe3HOH yrpo30ft zum A(J hh.
31 Kax nepeaaeT TepoaoT, b CnapTe xoahjih pa3JiHUHbie cjiyxn o bo3-
moxhom oTite ¿íeMapaTa: cpean npeTeHzieHTOB Ha otizobctbo na3bi-
BajiH H itapH ApHCTOHa, H nepBoro Myxca napnubi, h repoa AcTpoöa-
xa, H ztaxce Hexoero noroHiUHxa ocjiob. Mm nojiaraeM, uto BepcHH
o noroHiUHxe ocjiob He UBjmeTcn BbinyMxoH TepoaoTa. IIoaoöHau
cruieTHU, xoHeuHo, HMezia cnapTaHcxue kophh h b CBoe BpeMH imp-
xyjiHpoßajia b CnapTe.
32 fleMapaT, BepouTHo, poziHJicu oxojio 535 r. 3to 3HauHT, uto 3(J)opbi,
O KOTOpblX HZieT peub, 3aHHMaJIH 3Ty AOJIXCHOCTb npH6jIH3HTeJIbHO
3a 45 jieT zio cyzteöHoro pa3ÖHpaTeJibCTBa. Xoth (JjopMajibHo 3 i)opoM
Mor cTaTb jiioöoh cnapTHaT nocjie TpHimaTH JieT, ho (JiaxTHuecxn Tyaa
nonaztajiH rpaxgzane He paHee AOCTroxeHHU copoxaJieTHero B03pacra.
CjieaoBaTejibHO, caMOMy MJiazuneMy H3 kojuicthh 3(£ opoB, H3ÖpaHHbix
B 30-e roAbi VI b., öhjio He MeHee 85 JieT.
33 Xotu cnapTaHcxHe BJiacTH co3HaTejibHO H36erajm jho6oto 3anHcaHHo-
ro cjioßa, ho caMbie Ba*Hbie rocyaapcTBeHHbie ztoxyMeHTbi, bhahmo,
xpaHHJiHCb B nncbMeHHOM BHzte. IlocxoJibxy repoAOT b cBoeh «Hcto-
npuMesaHUf!__________________________________________________249
Phh» npHBeji ciihcok cnapTaHCKHx uapeH (VII, 204; VIII, 131) h aaace
yTBepxaaji, hto 3HaeT HMeHa Bcex cnapxaHiieB, nomöuinx npn cpep-
MonHJiax (VII, 224), oh hbho nojibßOBajicfl AOKyMeHTajibHbiMH MaTe-
PHaJiaMH, B03M02KH0, 3HaKOMHCb C HHMH HenOCpeACTBCHHO B OC^HUH-
ajibHOM apxHBe CnapTbi.
34 H apeBHHe, h coBpeMeHHbie hctophkh oöpamajiH BHHMaHHe Ha to,
hto cnapTaHHbi jiioöhjih opaicyjibi, BepoaTHO, öojibine, hgm rpa^KAa-
He jnoöoro Apyroro rpenecKoro rocynapCTBa, h npHAaBajm hm orpoM-
Hoe, noOTac jxaxte pemaiomee 3HaneHHe b nojiHTHHecKHX cnopax. Beab
Aaxce cbok) coöcTBeHHyio KOHCTHTynHio cnapTaHiibi npHnHCbiBajiH
flejib^HHCKOMy AnojuioHy (Plut. Lyc. 6, 1). CpeAH Bcex KaK oömerpe-
HeCKHX, TaK H MeCTHblX CBHTHJIHIH RJ19L CnapTbT Ha npOTHXCeHHH MHO-
rax BexoB caMWM rjiaBHbiM h noHHTaeMbiM ocTaBajica opaKyji Atiojdio-
Ha b flejibcj^ax. B rjia3ax cnapxaHueß flejib4)HHCKHH AnojuioH npoHHO
aCCOUHHpOBaJICH C HX UapBMH.
35 ilejib^HHCKHe xcpeubi He pa3 OKa3brBaiiH cnapTaHCKon 3JiHTe rioAoö-
Hbie coMHHTejibHbie ycjiyra, hah npH 3tom Aaxce na npHMOH noAJior
h oÖMaH. TaK, TeponoT paccKa3biBaeT hctophio o Aapax Kpe3a b flejib-
4)bi, KOTopbie BbiaaßajiHCb 3a cnapTaHCKHe c noMombio nepeöHToii
HOCBHTHTeJIbHOH Haanncn (I, 51).
36 IIpaBAa, OTKpbiTo TepoAOT o noAKyne He tobopht. Oh ynoTpeöjraeT
rjiarojx öojiee oömero 3HaneHHH, kotopwh b aaHHOM KOHTeKCTe o3Ha-
naeT «0Ka3bißaTb B03aeitCTBHe», «bjihhtb». KoneHHO, JCjicomch cKopee
Bcero «noBJiHüJi» na ITh^hio c noMombio nener, ho öyKBajibHO sto H3
TexcTaTepo^oTa He cjieAyeT. B HayrooH jinrepaType BepCHH o noAKy-
ne ÜHijDHH JIBJIHeTCH OCHOBHOH.
37 Ii3BeCTHaB CSLMOCTOHTCJlbHOCTh KjlGOMGKa H CTpeMJieHHe npOBOZiHTb
BHeUIHIOIO nOJIHTHKy nOMHMO HHCTHTyTOB CBOeH pOAHHbl OTHaCTH
OÖbflCHHIOTCH TOM nOAAepXCKOÄ, KOTOpyiO OKa3bIBaJIH eMy MHoro-
MHCjieHHbie apy3bfl h KceHbi BHe CnapTbi. KpOMe Hcaropa b A(|)HHax
h KoöoHa b flejib J)ax, y KjieoMena, no-BMHMOMy, öbuiH KceHHHecKHe
oTHomeHHH c MeaHApneM, TnpaHOM CaMoca. TaK, bo bcsikom cjiynae,
cBraeTeJibCTByeT ÜJiyrapx (Mor. 224 a). YMeHHe JOieoMeHa naJiaxtH-
BaTb CBH3H C BJIHHTeJIbHbIMH HHOCXpaHUaMH, ÖeCCnOpHO, yKperUIBJIO
ero no3HUHH h BHyxpn cxpaHbi.
38 Tax, HanpHMep, ijapb Athc II b 400 r. jihhho npHÖbui b flejib4)bi
h noxcepxBOBaji flejib(J)HHCKOMy AnojuioHy jxgcaxyro nacxb aoöbihh,
hoxhihchhoh y 3JieHueB (Xen. Hell. III, 3, 1). A HacjieAOBaBiunH
eMy ArecHJiafi, BeaymHft Boimy npoxHB nepcHACKoro uapa b Maiioil
A3hh, b xeneHHe abyx jieT noxcepTBOBaji Aejib i)HHCKOMy cBHTHjiHmy
orpOxMHyio cyMMy — donee cTa xa^aHTOB (Xen. Hell. IV, 3, 21; Ages.
W 34).
39 KynuiuoeaO. B. CnapTaHCKHH uapb KneoMeH h fleAb4)H. C. 75.
250_______________________________flpeBHflfl CnapTa n ee repon
40 3to nonbiTajiCH aoica3aTb Mmna Meftep {MeierM. Kleomenes I,
Damaratos und das spartanische Ephorat // Göttinger Forum für
Altertumswissenschaft 1999. No. 2. S. 89—108). CraTbii, k coxcaae-
HHK , ITOCTpOeHa Ha CJIKUTKOM BOjlbHOM TOHKOBaHHH HCTOnHHKa.
41 JefferyL. H. Archaic Greece. The City-States c. 700-500 BC. New York,
1978. P. 126.
42 CymecTByeT BepCHH, y kotopoh Hejvtajro ctopohhhkob, comacHO
KOTopoH noxoa Ha Aproc HMea MecTo b 520 r. h hm pyKOBoamra o6a
napH. OcHOBaHHeM aan TaKoro BbiBoaa hbhhctch yTBepxcaeHne IlaBca-
hhh, hto cnapTaHo-aproccKan Botaa h ÖHTBa npH CenHH coctohhhcb
cpa3y xte nocjie BciynjieHHH KneoMena Ha npecToa, to ecTb okojio
520-519 rr. (Paus. Ill, 4,1). 3amHTHHKH paHHeft aarapOBKH, KaK npa-
bhjio, c ^oBepneM othoouch K paccxa3y IlaBcaHHH o 3antHTe Aproca
xceHtitHHaMPt h paöaMH bo raaBe c nosreccoff TejiecHJUioß (Paus. II, 20,
8-10), a b tom nacTH opaxyaa, aaHHoro aprocuaM, rae tobophtch, hto
«b ÖHTBe HceHa oaoaeeT Koraa-HHÖo Myxca» (Her. VI, 77), ycMaTpHBaiox
HaMex Ha noaBHr TejiecHJUibi, Ho paccKa3 naßcaHHH 06 ocaae cnap-
TaHitaMH Aproca npoTHBOpeaHT öojiee paHHeMy h yxce noTOMy 6oJiee
Haae KHOMy cBHaeTejibCTBy PepoaoTa o tom, mto HHKaKOH ocaabi boo6-
me He 6biao. Beab KaeoMeHa npHBaeKjm k cyay hmchho 3a to, hto oh
aaxce He nonbiTaacn 3axBaTHTb Aproc, noaHocTbio amneHHbiH b tot
MOMeHT cbohx 3anj,HTHHKOB. Hto KacaeTCH caMoro cioxceTa — 3aiHH-
TH Aproca xceHiitHHaMH h paöaMH, — to 3to cKopee Bcero oöbiHHbiü
npHMep npOHBaeHHH MHihoaornnecKoro co3HaHHH, Koraa peaJibHaa
BoeHHO-noaHTHnecKaH xaTacTpo^a 3aMeiaaeTCH cbohm HepeajibHbiM,
ho 3aT0 ycneniHbiM ayöaeTOM — KapTHHOH MHpa, b kotopom Bee Hao-
öopoT. npHMep noaoöHoro 3aMemeHHH npeacTaBaeH b paccxa3e IlaB-
caHHH o B3HTHH B naeu aaKOHCKHMH xceHiitHHaMH MecceHCKoro raaB-
HOKOMaHayiomero ApHCTOMeHa. XapaKTepHO, hto, KaK h b caynae
c AprocoM, y naßcaHHH 3Ta HCTopunecKaH aereHaa ctoht b cbh3h
c HeyaanHbiM nan cnapTaHiteB cpaxceHHeM b xoae BTopoil MecceH-
CKoh BOHHbi (Paus. IV, 17, 1). Mbi npHcoeanHHeMCH k TeM uccaeao-
BaTeaHM (a HX ÖOHblHHHCTBO), KOTOpbie OTHOCHT aprOCCKHH noxoa
KaeoMena h ÖHTBy npn CenHH k 495—494 rr. Ha ocHOBaHHH aßoh-
Horo opaxyaa, npHBoaHMoro TepoaoTOM h cBH3biBaioiuero xpOHoao-
FHuecKH aßa coöbithh — 3axBat nepcaMH MnaeTa h pa3rpoM aproc-
ueß (Her. VI, 18—19; 77) {Huxley G. L. Early Sparta. P. 84; CartledgeP.
Sparta and Lakonia... P. 149; ClaussM. Sparta. Eine Einführung in seine
Geschichte und Zivilisation. S. 32; Osborne R. Greece in the Making,
1200-479 BC. London; New York, 1996. P. 334 ff.). Kate Haw KaxceTCH,
cooömeHHH no3aHHx aBTopOB Bee xte He MoryT nepenepKHyrb BnoHHe
HCHoro cBHaeTeabCTBa fepoaoTa.
npMMeHahMfl_________________________________________________251
43 npe^3HaMeHOBaHHH uacTO cjiyncwm npasoBbiM momchtom rjisi Toro,
MTo6bi OTcpoHHTb ^eHb ÖHTBbi HJiH HanaJio ocaAti (Her. IX, 36; 61—62;
Xen. Hell. III, 1, 17—19). Ho b hctophh CnapTbi ecTb npHMepbi, Kor^a
Aaxce nocjie 3eMJieTpaceHHH, Koxopbie CHHTajiHCb y rpeKOB oahhmh M3
caMbix CTpamHbix npeA3HaMeHOBaHim, cnapTancKHe nojiKOBOOTbi ne
OTKa3bIBajIHCb OT SajIbHeHlIIHX BOCHHblX jxcVi.ctbhë. Tax, b 388/387 r.
uapb ArecnnojiHA npoAOJiaaui cboh noxoA b AprojiHAY, HecMOTpa Ha
npoH3ome#niee BO BpeMH nym 3eMJieTpaceHHe (Xen. Hell. IV, 7, 2—5).
44 KpoMe apryMeHTOB, jiexcamnx b oôJïacTH pejmxHH, BecoMbiMH MorjiH
öbiTb h cooöpaaceHHH nojiHTHHecKoro ruiaHa. HecMOxpa Ha to hto
b pe3yjibTaTe 6htbh npH Ccmm aproccxaa 3HaTb nonecjia orpoMHbie
noTepH h b ropoAe, bhahmo, HanaJiHCb cepbe3Hbie bojihchhh Herpaxc-
aaHCKoro HacejieHHH (paöoß h nepHeKOB) (Her. VI, 79; 83), Cnapxa
3THM He BOcno^b30Bajiacb. OHa npeanoujia coxpaHHTb nycTb ocjia-
ÓJieHHbiií, ho Bce eme oneHb onacHbift juin cbohx coceAen Aproe.
Tohho TaK xce iiohth bck cnycTH CnapTa He AacT coraacHH Ha nojiHoe
yHHHxoxceHHe A4 hh.
45 HeKOTopbie coßpeMeHHbie yneHbie, HanpHMep PoöepT Ilapfcep, yße-
peHbi, hto b cjiynae c AprocoM J)aKT noAKyna HMeji MecTO (ParkerR.
Spartan Religion. P. 156).
46 Yxce bo BpeMena PepoAOxa o criapTamrax mJia nexopomaa cjiaßa
Kax o Hapo,zte, ocoöemio jkaahom ao AeHer. PepoAOT paccKa3bißa-
eT HecKOJibKo hctophh, tteMOHCTpHpyiomHx cpeöpomoÖHe cnapTaH-
neß. HacTb h3 hhx othochtch k VI b. CorjiacHO oahoh Taxon hcto-
pHH, cnapTaHeu DiaBK, cjihbiiihh «caMbiM neembiM cpeAH TorzranrHiix
jiaKejteMOHHH», He cMor yAepxcaTbca h hphcbohji ceöe AeHbrn, ocTaB-
JieHHbie eMy Ha coxpaHeHHe hckhm mhjictckhm öoranoM. Tojibko
BMemaTe^bCTBO flejibcJ) noABHnio ero BepHyrb Aenbrn hacjieAHHKAM
(Her. VI, 86). PepoAOT Taicxe paccxa3biBaeT, hto b 524 r. Bce enap-
TaHCKoe KOManaoBaHHe, B03rnaBHBiiiee sKcneAHmoo na CaMoc, öbuio
noAKynjieHo caMoccKHM rapaHOM IIojiHKpaTOM, h hmchho nosTOMy
noxoA OKa3ajica 6e3pe3yjibTaTHbiM. TeponoT naxe nphboaht Kypbe3-
Hyio AeTajib: nojiHKpaT pacrniaTHJica co cnapTaHixaMH cJjajibiiiHBbiMH
30JioxbiMH MOHeTaMH, cneunaJibHo oTHeKaHeHHHMH no raxoMy cay-
naio (III, 44—46; 56). B V b. B35iTouHHuecTBO b epeae cnapTaHcxo-
ro Bbicinero cocjiobha cTaAO BocnpHHHMaTbca Kax Bnojrae panoBoe
HBJieHHe. XapaicrepeH b stom oTHomeHHH aHexAOT, nepenaßaeMbiH
Oeo4)pacT0M, corjiacHO KOTOpOMy «exceroAHO üepHKJi oTnpaBJiaji H3
Ac|)hh b CnapTy cyMMy b AecaTb rajiaHTOB. 9th AeHbra, — noacHaeT
Oeo(J)pacT, — oh pacnpeaejiaji mokay BceMH aoa^khocthbimh JimtaMH
(CnapTbi. — Jl.n.) h TaKHM o6pa30M oTBpamaJi onacHOCTb bohhbi...»
(Theophrast. ap. Plut. Per. 23).
252________________________________flpeBHflfl CnapTa n ee repon
47 Tax2L MaK^oysJDi nojiaraeT, ^ito no KpanHen Mepe b aByx cjiynaax,
Koraa pent uma o uapcKon BJiacra, cyneöHoe pa36npaTejibCTBo npo-
xo/mjio B anejuie (MacDowell D.M. Spartan Law. P. 134 f.). Hmch-
ho rax, no ero mhchhio, moxcho iiohhtb cjioBa TepoßOTa h KceHo-
c|)OHTa: «CnapTHaTbi peinnjin BonpocHTb opaicyji b fle^bc^ax» (Her.
VI, 66, 1) — b cjiynae c ^eMapaTOM, h «ropon Bbiöpaji uapeM Are-
CHJiaa» — B cjiynae c ArecnjiaeM (Xen. Hell. III, 3, 4). Mbi nojiara-
eM, HTO 3a 9THMH OÖIHHMH cjDOpMyJIHpOBKaMH BOBCe He 06H3aTeJIbHO
CKpHBaeTCH cnapTaHCKaa anejuxa. Jlejio b tom, hto b öojibinuHCTBe
cjiynaeß, Konta penb hä^t o (JjyHKUHOHHpoBaHHH cnapTaHCKoro rocy-
AapcTBeHHoro annapaTa, ßpeBHHe aBTopbi ne Ha3biBaK T opraH, koto-
pbiH caHKirnoHHpoBaji Ty mm HHyio aKumo, a npocTO roBopKT, hto
«cnapTaHiibi peuimm hjih caejiajm» to-to h to-to. B CnapTe cko-
pee Bcero nojiHocTbio OTcyrcTBOBaro oömecTBeHHoe cyAonpOH3BOÄ
CTBO, a nponecc npHHHTHa pemeHHli He hochji nyöjraHHoro xapaK-
Tepa H 6bIJI CKpblT He TOJIbKO OT HHOCTpaHlteB, HO H OT COÖCTBeHHblX
rpaxcaaH.
48 Tepo^oT c no^HOH yBepeHHOCTbio roßopHT o tom, hto b 476 r. Jleo-
THXHß, nOJiyHHB OT (^eCCaJIHHCKHX AjieBaaOB 6oJIbIIiyK) B35ITKy, npe-
KpaTHJi BcaKHe BoeHHbie ijeiicTBHH b Oeccamm n BepHyjicn aomoh.
FepoaoT jra^fce cooönjaeT nozipoÖHocTH otoh Hexopoureir HCTopim. IIo
ero cjioBaM, «JleoTnxuna 3acTajm Ha MecTe npecTyrnieHH#: oh ernten
B CBOeM COÖCTBeHHOM CTaHe Ha MeillKe, nOJIHOM 30JI0Ta», KOTOpblH
TOJibKO HTo nojiyHHJi OT BparoB CBoen poaHHbi (VI, 72). B CnapTe Jleo-
THxnji 6hji npHBJieneH k cyay h npnroBOpeH k cMepTHOH KB3HH. Ojma-
Ko BJiacTH He cneinHjm npHBoaHTb npnroBOp b ncnojiHeHHe n asjih
eMy B03MOXCHOCTB öexcaTb b Tereio. floM JleoraxHaa no npnroBopy
cyaa pa3pynmjra (Paus. ITT, 7, 9).
49 Z(jiii CnapTbi C0I03 c apxaacKHMH ropoaaMH 6bui KjnoneBbiM momch-
tom B oöpa30BaHHH IlejionoHHeccKOH jiHrn. OaHaKo cnapTaHiibi
HHKoraa He öbuiH nojmocTbio yßepeHbi b ÖJiaroHaaextHOCTH apKajnm.
B CnapTe Bceraa noMHHJm, hto apKajnme 6bum coto3HHKaMH MecceH-
ueß bo BpeMR rtepBoii n Btopoh MecceHCKHX boöh, ohh TaKxce oxot-
HO npUHHMaJIH y ceÖH MeCCeHCKHX H3rHaHHHKOB. B JIIOÖOH MOMeHT
B cjiynae BOCCTaHnn hjiotob cnapTaHUbi Morjm xotaTb ot apKazwH boo-
pyxceHHon noMouxH noBeraHuaM.
50 CartledgeP. Sparta and Lakonia... P. 152.
51 Oliva P. Sparta and her social Problems. P. 146.
52 Dickins G. The Growth of Spartan Policy. P. 26, 30.
53 Ehrenberg V. Sparta. Geschichte. Sp. 1385.
54 IJeHamHoeaJI. T. SaroBop KHHaaoHa. C. 133—140.
55 CoLLUieMCii, b nacTHocra, Ha MHehhh T.JIeHiuay (LenschauTh.
Kleomenes // RE. Bd. XI. Hbbd. 21. 1921. Sp. 701), XLk. XaKCJiH
npi/iMenaHH^
253
(Huxley G. L. Early Sparta. P. 86), II. KapTjm/PKa (CartledgeP. Sparta
and Lakonia... P. 153), H.E. CypHKOBa (CypuKoeH. E. AHTHHHan
TpeuHfl: nojiHTHKH b KOHTeKCTe anoxn. ApxaHKa h paHHhh KJiaccH-
Ka. C. 266). TaK, no cJioßaM n. KapTjmnxta, «njm nonoöHoro cynmma,
kohchho, HaÄÄyrcH npuMepbi b ncnxoanajiMTHHecKOM jiHTepaType, ho
a npeßrioHHTaio cnenoBaTb ntrreKTHBaM-moöHTejiHM, KOTOpbie nono-
3peßaiOT rp5i3Hbin njiaH co CTOpOHbi cnapTaHCKHX BJiacTeii» (Sparta
and Lakonia... P. 153). Ho HMeeT npaßo Ha cynxecTBOBaHHe h Bep-
chü o caMoyÖHHCTBe KjieoMeHa, npaßxja, Kax npaBHJio, BbicKa3biBae~
Man C ÖOJIbUIOH OCTOpO^CHOCTbK). H3 CpaBHHTeJIbHO He^aBHHX paÖOT,
rne npennouTeHHe oTjracTCH stoh tot Ke 3peHHH, Ha30BeM CTaTbio
H3paHJibCKoro yneHoro 3(J)paHMa fl3BHna, nocBameHHyio cymmay
B CnapTe. IIpH3HaBaH caM (jpaicr cyHmnxa KjieoMeHa, 3.,H3BHn, o/ma-
Ko, CHHTaeT, tto «b cnHCKe cnapTaHCKHX caMoyÖHHCTB 3TOT cjiyraii
coBepmeHHO ocoöeHHbrä h neöcTBHTejibHo yHHKajibHbiii, höo y npeB-
HHX aBTOpOB MeHTaJIbHblH ÄHCÖaJiaHC He HBJI5UICH OjJHHM H3 |)aKTO-
pOB JUIK OÖMCHeHM CyHUKUXa. HaOÖOpOT, CaMOyÖHHCTBO OÖbIHHO
HHTepnpeTHpoBajiocb xax Bno;me oönyMaHHbm h co3HaTe;ibHbm aKT»
(DavidE. Suicide in Spartan Society. P. 30). flaBHn oöpamaeT BHHMa-
HHe TaicKe h Ha to, tto cJiyraH cyHitHna b CnapTe 6bum Kpatae penioi.
no ero cnoBaM, «cnwcoK cnapTaHueß, KOTopbie npennoqjm ocTaTb-
ca B xcHBbix H ytlTH cKopee H3 CnapTbi, neM H3 xch3hh, Korna erajiKH-
BajiHCb co BCHKoro pona HecnacTbHMH h Heyua^aMH, najieKo npeßoc-
XOÄHT HHCJieHHOCTbK) CnHCOK TeX, KTO B nO^OÖHblX OÖCTOHTeJIbCTBaX
npHÖerHyji k cyHimny» (P. 35).
56 Tpa^HiTHH o nb5iHCTBe KjieoMeHa noniJia äo no3nHeii bhththocth. 06
3tom, B nacTHOcTH, ynoMHHaeT 3jiHaH B «necTpbix paccxa3ax» (Aelian.
V. h. II, 41).
57 Lenschau Th. Kleomenes.
58 Huxley G.L. Early Sparta. P. 77.
59 Huxley G. L. Herodotos on myth and politics in early Sparta //
Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy. Vol. 83. 1983. No. 1. P. 12.
60 CartledgeP. The Spartans. An epic history. London, 2002. P. 89.
61 CypuKoe H. E. AHTMHaa rpeuHH: nojiHTHKH b KOHTeKCTe anoxH. Apxa-
HKa h paHH5m KJiaccHKa. C. 266.
62 npeziCTaBJieHHe o GoxcecTBeHHOM npoHcxoxaeHHH napcKOH BJiacra
6bIJIO OHeHb CHJIbHbIM CJtepXCHBaiOmHM (|)aKTOpOM npOTHB HaCHJIHJI
Han cnapTaHCKHMH uapHMH. nonH5m pyxy Ha CB5iineHHyio ocoöy
napH c^HTajiocb CTpaniHbiM npecTyruieHHeM, Ha KOTopoe He perna-
jiHCb naace Hy^ce3eMUbi (Plut. Agis, 21). flo caMbix no3nHHx BpeMeH
COXpaHHIOTCB OTrOJIOCKH 6bIJIOH HenpHKOCHOBeHHOCTH napen.
63 3. TnrepuiTeiXT oöpaTHji BHHMaHHe Ha to, tto oahh H3 cnapTaHCKHX
HH(J)opMaTopoB TeponoTa 6bui no TaKoii CTeneHH BpaxneöeH Kjieo-
254_________________________________flpeBi-mfl CnapTa u ee repon
Meny, tto OTpnuaji ¿taace 4)aKT ero AJirrrejibHoro npaßjieHHfl (V, 48)
{TigerstedtE. N. The Legend of Sparta... P. 90).
64 Tigerstedt E. N. The Legend of Sparta... Vol. I. P. 94.
65 Ot spen. npocnaoia — «npeßCTaxejibCTBO, 3aniHTa».
66 CypufcoeK E. AHTHHHaa TpeuHfl: nojnroiKH b KOHTeKCTe onoxn. Apxa-
HKB H paHHHH KJiaCCHKa. C. 269.
67 Huxley G.L. Early Sparta. P. 77.
68 Tigerstedt E. N. The Legend of Sparta... Vol. I. P. 91.
69 CartledgeP. Sparta and Lakonia... P. 143.
70 Ibid. P. 144.
71 ClaussM’ Sparta. Eine Einführung in seine Geschichte und Zivilisation.
S. 33.
72 BaltruschE. Sparta... S. 45.
73 Dobesch G. Kleomenes (3) // Der Kleine Pauly. Bd. 3. 1979. Sp. 242.
74 CypuKoeH. E. AHTHHHan TpeuHii: noJiHTHKH b kohtckctc onoxn. Apxa-
HKa H paHHHH KJiaccHKa. C. 236.
75 B 476 r. napb JleoraxHzt 6hji ocyxaeH 3a nojryncHHe b3htkh ot 4 ec-
cajmVLCKUx AneBa^oB h ße^caji b Tereio (Her. VI, 12; Paus. III, 7, 9).
B 446 r. itapn IIjiHCToaHaKTa cynmiH 3a to, hto oh b35iji ot IlepHK-
Jta jtecHTb TajiaHTOB 3a otboä BoiicKa H3 Atthkh, h npHroBopH-
jw K orpOMHOMy tUTpac})y b 15 TajiaHTOB. HjiHCToaHaKT npe/monen
Öe^KaTb H3 CTpaHbl H CKpblBaTbCfl B ApKanHH Ha TeppHTOpHH CBHmeH-
Horo y^iacTKa 3eßca (Thuc. II, 21, 1; V, 16, 3). B 419 r. cyzuum uapn
Arnca II no nojto3peHHio b nojiyneHHH B3«tkh ot aprocixeß 3a OTKa3
ot reHepa^bHoro cpa^ceHHB. IIo pemeHHJo cyaa ero jiom aojDKHbi öbijih
cpbiTb zto ocHOBaHHH, a Ha caMoro napa HajioxHJiH orpoMHbiH iirrpa4
B 17 TajiaHTOB. IIo3JKe, npaßjta, Atmc öbui onpaßjiaH (Thuc. V, 63; Diod.
XII, 78). O B3flT0HHKnecTBe b cpe/te cnapraHCKoro pyKOBo^CTBa cm.:
IleHamHoeaJI.L HcTopiw Cnapra. C. 474—493.
76 CartledgeP. Agesilaos and the Crisis of Sparta. P. 107.
77 PodcTl.JTdic. A(£hhckhh TeaTp b nojnmniecKOM kohtckctc // BflH.
M 2. 2004. C. 53.
78 TepöepH.T. Uzten k 4)hjioco4 hh hctophh HejiOBenecTBa. M., 1977.
C. 370 (nepBoe H3jtaHHe — 1784 r.).
79 EejioxK.K). Hctophh TpeitHH. T.I.M., 1897. C. 253.
80 BelochK.J. Die Legende von Leonidas. Berlin, 1893. S. 76.
81 IlpH HaitH3Me T. Eepße 3aHHMaji nocT peicropa yHHBepcHTeTa b Jleftn-
itnre H 6biJi «BoeHHo-ynojiHOMO^eHHbiM HeMeuKOH nayioi o npeBHo-
cth».
82 ServeH. // Gnomon. No. 1. 1925. S. 311.
83 BerveH. Sparta. Leipzig, 1937. S. 78 f.
84 Cpejui cpaBHHTejibHo hobmx h Haaöojiee yua^Hbix nccjiemBaHuü
Ha30BeM B nacTHocTn: LazenbyJ.F. The Defence of Greece 490—479
ripi/iMeMaHMfl_______________________________________________255
BC. Warminster, 1993; HammondN. G. L. Sparta at Thermopylae;
Flower M. A. Simonides, Ephorus and Herodotus... P. 365 — 379;
CartledgeP. Thermopylae: The Battle That Changed The World. New
York, 2006.
85 0poAoe3.JI. üapaaoiccM HCTOpnn — napaaoKCbi aHTHHHO cth. CII6.,
2004. C. 223.
86 ToünöuA.Ji^. riocTH3ceHHe HCTOpHH. M., 1991. C. 202.
87 Cjiobo «OepMonmibi» 03HaaaeT «Teruine BOpOTa». Ha3BaHne npoH30-
injio OT ropaanx cepHbix hctohhhkob, öbiomHx b caMbix y3Knx MecTax
(«BopoTax»), nepeKpbiB KOTopbie moxcho 6biJio 3aKpbm npoxoa b L(eH~
TpajibHyio rpennio. B HacToamee BpeMH 3Ta MecraocTb H3-3a HaHocoB
h H3MeHeHna TeueHHH peKH Cnepxeii nojiynnaa coBepmeHHO hhoh
bna, h caMoro ymejiba 6ojibine He cymecTByeT. HaxoaamHHCH Bcero
B nHTH MHHyraX OT TOpHHHX KJIIOHeH XOJIM H eCTb, BepOKTHO, TOT XOJIM,
no3ÄHee yKpameHHbiii MpaMopHHM jibbom, Ha kotopom noraö OTpaa
Jleomraa. Ot ühth B03aBnrHyTbix HaarpoöHbix naMBTHHKOB h ot 3Ha-
MeHHTbix HaanHceii Tenepb He ocTajiocb h caeaa (JboÖKep Op. Peajib-
HbiH cjioBapb KJiaccHHecKOH apcBHocTH. C3T6. M., 1884. C. 1006, noa
cjiobom Thermopylae).
88 3noxa TpeKO-nepcHacKHX bohh oaHOBpeMeHHO h Bbicmaa tohku,
h pyöe;*:, ot KOToporo 6epeT cBoe Hanaao npoixecc nocTeneHHoro
BbiMHpaHHH cnapTaHCKoro rpa xaaHCTBa. Bee nojiHonpaBHoe Haceae-
Hue CnapTbi b Hanajie V b., no-BHanMOMy, cocTaBnaao 8 — 10 Tbicaa
rpaxaaH npH3biBHoro B03pacTa. TepoaoT, b hbhx aaHHbix mbi MeHee
Bcero MoxeM coMHeBaTbca, aaeT im(| py 8 tmchh aan BpeMeHH BTOpjfce-
hhh KcepKca b Tpemno (VII, 234). HeaocTaTOK rpaxeaaHCKoro nace-
jieHHH, KOTOpbiii ny bctbo b aaca yxce b Hanajie V b., 3acTaBaaa pyKO-
BOßCTBO cTpaHbi 3a6oTHTbca o KaxaoM rpaxmaHHHe h He aonycKaTb
HeHyxcHbix acepTB. rio3^ce b xoae IlejionoHHeccKOH bohhbi cnapraa-
Tbl ÖyjiyT 3aHHMaTb TOJIbKO 0(J)HnepCKHe aoaXCHOCTH, a pHaOBbIMH CTa-
Hyr jiaKOHCKHe nepHeKH u ocBOÖo^eaeHiibie hjiotbi, tsk Ha3biBaeMbie
HeoaaMoabi.
89 C 3thm corjiacHbi MHorae uccjieaoBaTejm. Cm. b aacTHoera:
LazenbyJ.F. The Spartan Army. P. 53; HammondN. G. L. Sparta at
Thermopylae. P. 5 h n. 8.
90 Co cnapTHaTaMH 6mjio, kohchho, h Kaicoe-To KoanaecTBo hjiotob
(Her. VII, 229, 1; VIII, 25, 1). CKOpee Bcero ohh aBJiajiHCb cjiyra-
mh cbohx rocnoa h He ynacTBOBajm b cpaxceHHH b KanecTBe romiH-
tob. EcTecTBeHHo, npH noacneTe bohhckhx KOHTHHreHTOB hjiotbi
He yHHTbiBajiHCb. nonbiTKH HexoTopbix HccjieaoBaTejieH onpeae-
aHTb HX KOaHHeCTBO HOCHT HCKJHOaHTeabHO THnOTeTHHeCKHM xapaK-
Tep. TaK, HanpHMep, no MHeHHio A. P. BapHa, hx HHcaeHHOCTb aocTH-
raaa 900 aeaoBeK {Burn A. R. Persia and the Greeks: the Defence of
256________________________________flpeBHHsq CnapTa n ee repon
the West, c. 546—478 BC. London, 1970. P. 378 f.). Emy B03paxcaeT
P. Chmiicoh, chhtbh oto hhcjio chjibho 3aBbimeHHbiM (Simpson R. H.
Leonidas’ Decision // Phoenix (Canada). Vol. 26. 1972. No. 1. P. 8,
n. 41). E^HHCTBeHHbm 6jih3khh no BpeMeHH cjiynan Hcnojib30BanH$i
hjiotob b cnapTaHCKOH apMHH — 6HTBa npH njiaTeax (479 r.), ho cpaB-
HeHHe 3THX ^ByX 3nH30JI0B He COBCeM KOppeKTHO. B rijiaTeHCKOM cpa-
xceHHH Kaxmoro H3 ihith twcot cnapTaHCKnx roiuiHTOB conpoBoxcaa-
jio ceMepo hjiotob (Her. IX 10, 1). Ho GojibiiiHHCTBo sthx hjiotob He
6bum opjüHHapnaMH hjih o6o3hbimh cjiyraMH npn cbohx rocnonax.
Ü3 hhx 4 opMHpoBajiH OTpaztbi JierKOBoopyxceHHbix bohhob. 3to 6bIJl
nepBbin (h #o6aBHM, nocjieuHHii) b hctophh CnapTbi cjiynaH npH3bi-
Ba TBKOH OrpOMHOH Maccbl HJIOTOB B CnapTaHCKyiO apMHK). Bo3moxc-
ho, cnapTaHiibi, nocjiaB k HjiaTeaM npaKTHnecKH Bee CBoe rpaxcaaH-
cKoe onojineHHe, OTnpaBHJiH BMecre c Hen h nacTb Hanóojiee onacHbix
juia ce6a JiaKOHCKHX hjiotob.
91 nepHeKH (jtocji. «oKpecTHbie xcHTejiH») — CBoGojiHoe HacejieHHe
JIaKOHHH, He BxoOTBinee b cocTaB rpa*maHCKoro KOJUieKTHBa Cnap-
Tbi. Ohh HBjiHJiHCb rpaxjiaHaMH cbohx codcTBeHHbix o6ihhh. BoeH-
Haa cjiyxcda 6buia hx rjiaBHOH h 6e3ycjiOBHOH noBHHHocTbio. Ecjih bo
BpeMa TpeKo-nepcHjicKHx bohh KOHTHHreHTbi nepneKOB h cnapTaH-
neB óbijm npKMepHO paeHbi (b njiaTeücKOM cpaxceHHK h cnapTaH-
Hbi, h nepHeKH BbicraBHJiH no 5 tbichh toiuihtob. — Her. IX, 11), to
yxte b nepHOA neJionoHHeccKOfi bohhbi, Koraa aKTHBHo nomeji npo-
uecc coKpameHHa noJiHonpaBHoro rpaxuiaHCKoro HacejieHHa Cnap-
Tbi, nepHeKH ctsjih coeraBJHiTb ochoby cnapTaHCKOii apMHH. HeKOTo-
pbie H3 HHX 3aHHMajIH BbICOKHe BOeHHbie nOCTbl.
92 Ü3 KOHTeKCTa j3,HOnopa TpyjrHo c yBepeHHocTbio cKa3aTb, BKjnona-
eT jih ¿[Hoaop 300 cnapraaroB b o6mee hhcjio JiaKeneMOHHH hjih 3th
300 6bum CBepx 1000 jiaKejxeMOHBH. ÍIo,npo6Hee 06 3tom cm.: Cmpo-
¿eiiKuüB. M. Unojiop Chiihjihhckhh o noxoae Kcepxca npOTHB 3jma-
jlbi (XI, 1 — 10. OO bejiHHeHHe naTpHOTHnecKHX chji sjijihhob h 6HTBa
npH OepMonHJiax. IlepeBOji h KOMMeHTapnii) // M3 hctophh aHTHH-
Horo o6mecTBa. MexcBy3. c6. ropbKHH, 1983. C. 17, npHM. 30.
93 FlowerM. A. Simonides, Ephorus and Herodotus... P. 368.
94 Bee nojiHonpaBHbie rpaxcaaHe CnapTbi XBJixjmcb HJieHaMH odiiiHHbi
paBHbix h MorjiH Ha3biBaTb ceóíi cnapraaTaMH. TepMHH «cnapraa-
Tbi» Hcnojib30BajiCH jum otjihhhh cnapTaHCKHx rpaxaaH ot nepneKOB
h hjiotob. B Tpyuax aHTHHHbix aBTopoB, KOTOpbie no dojibinen qaera
HBJlfliOTCfi HCTOpHHMH BOÜH, JIOBOJIbHO TpyUHO H pejIKO MOXCHO BblJie-
jiHTb cnapTHaTOB kbk oxneJibHyio couHajibHyio rpynny. 3to oOt^hchh-
eTCH TeM, hto cnapTaHCKoe bohcko, o6H3aTejibHo BKjnoHaBuiee b ce6a
h nepneKOB, o6o3Hanajiocb, kbk npaBHJio, oóuíhm hjih 3thx jiByx KaTe-
ropHH 3THHKOHOM — jiaKeüeMOHHHe. OjinaKO ecJiH no xoay H3Jioxce-
n p 1/1 Me H 3. H H H______________________________________257
hhh Hazio 6buio BbijaejiMTb cnapraaTOB H3 oômeô Maccbi JiaKeAeMOHHH,
HCXOHHHKH JierKO 3TO JXQJlcUlVL. 06 3XOM CBHjüeXeJIbCTByeT MeCT
y repoztoxa, HcoKpaTa h Apyrnx rpenecKHX aBTopoB.
95 TjiaBHOKOMaHayiomHMH cnapxaHCKoii apMuen o j)HUHajibHo 6buih
uapH, ho npHHunnHajibHbie pemeHHH o nocbUiKe BoeHHbix kohthh-
reHTOB 3a rpannuy h hx nucjieHHOM cocxaBe npHHUMajmcb KOJuiera-
ajibHO — repoHTaMH, uapaMH h 3(| opaMH.
96 CjiynaeB, Korna cnapxaHCKan apMHH npHÔbiBaJia k TeaTpy BoeHHbix
Achcxbhh c ôoJibiHHM ono3AaHneM, ztOBOJibHO MHoro b rpenecKoii
fiCTopHH. BcnoMHHM, HanpHMep, npHÖbiTHe cnapxaHiieB k Mapa4 o-
Hy yace no 3aBepmeHHH cpaaceHHfl (Her. VI, 120). nojrqac noAOÔHbie
3aAepacKH npHBo^HJin k TparanecKHM pe3yAbxaxaM. Taie, HanpHMep,
b 395 r. uapb IlaBcaHHH 6bui nocjiaH bo rnaBe cnapxancKOH apMHH
npoxHB Ohb, ho npHÔHJi k MecTy coôbithh jihihb nocjie Ôhxbbi npH
TajinapTe, b kotopoh oxpiiA naxe Aemohhh 6bui pa3ÔHT, a 3HaMeHH-
TbiH cnapxaHCKHH BoeHanajibHHK JlncaHAP noraô. IIo B03BpameHHH
aomoh IlaBcaHHH 3a 3X0 ono3^;aHHe 6bm npHBAeneH k cyny h Aaaæ
npHXOBOpCH k CMepxHOH Ka3HH (Xen. Hell. Ill, 5, 25). Kax npaBHjio,
caMH cnapxaHUbi oObhchhah noAOÖHbie 3aAepacKH oôcxoaxejibCTBa-
MH pejiHrH03Horo njiaHa: HeoôxoAHMocxbio npoBe^eHHH npa3AHecxB
b necxb rocyaapcxBeHHbix öoroB, H3peHeHHJiMH opaxyAOB, 3anpema-
ïomHMH noxoA, a xaxace HeÖJiaronpHaxHbiMH HeôecHbiMH 3HaMeHHa-
MH HAH HeyxaHHblMH ayCnHlXHHMH.
97 no cjiOBaM Poôepxa napKepa, «cnapxaHCKHe uapH hbjihioxch eAHH-
CXBeHHblMH HCXOpHHeCKHMH rpeKaMH, KOXOpbie B0HU1H Ha CXpaHHUbI
FepOAOxa c noAOÔHbiMH reHeaAorHnecKHMH (J)aH(J)apaMH» {ParkerR.
Spartan Religion. P. 152).
98 K Hanajiy nejionoHHeccKoii Botobi (431 r.) KOjimecxBo cnapTHaxoB
pe3KO coKpamaexcH. npn iîohxh nojiHOM oxcyxcxBMH cxaxHCXHnecKHx
AaHHbix 06 3X0m cBHAexeAbcxByex, HanpHMep, oneHb HepBHoe oxho-
ineHHe cnapxaHueB k bo3mo^chbim, aaace HeôojibiiiHM, noxepHM cbohx
rpaacAaH. Koraa, HanpHMep, b 425 r. Cnapxa npeA-xoatHAa A4 HHaM
MHp, xo ocHOBHbiM noôyAHxenbHbiM mothbom 6bui cxpax 3a cyAbôy
120 cnapxnaxoB, nonaßnmx b nAeH Ha ocxpoBe CcjraKxepHa (Thuc. IV,
38, 5; V, 15). B cnapxaHCKOM BoftcKe, cpaataiomeMca npn JleBKxpax
(371 r.), 6buio Bcero ceMbcox cnapxHaxoB. noxepa b 3xoh ônxBe nexbi-
pexcoT H3 HHX OKa3ajiacb, no cjiOBaM KceHoÿoHTa (Hell VI, 4, 15—17),
xaKHM THXcejibiM yaapOM, nxo Cnapxa xaK HHKorAa h He CMorjia ot Hero
onpaBHXbca.
99 IIpa3AHecxBa b necTb AnoAAOHa KapHeucKoro npoxoxwiH eaceroAHO
b cenxHôpe b xeneHHe acbhxh ahch. Hocjicahmh aeHb 75-h Ojihmhh-
aAbi nauaji Ha 19 ceHxaôpn 480 r.
256________________________________flpeBHflfl CnapTa i/i ee repoi/i
100 C TOHKH 3peHHH BOCTOKOBeaOB, KapTHHa, HapHCOBaHHaH TepOÄO-
TOM, He COOTBeTCTByeT ZieHCTBHTeJIBHOCTIi. no HX MHeHHIO, FepOÄOT
cneiiHajibHo ynpomaeT cHTyaiiHio h H3o6paxcaeT nepcoB h hx uapn
xapHKaTypHO KaxaioaeH orcaöbix h b bochhom, h b MopaJibHOM naaHe.
npHBeaeM, b HacTHocra, iXHTaTy H3 khhfh H3BecTHoro oTenecTBeH-
Horo BOCTOKOBeua M. A.flaHaaMaeBa: «BnocaeacTBHH MHorae rpene-
CKHe aBTopbi nncajiH, hto, ecjiH 6bi He npeaareabCTBO 34 Hajibra, nep-
caM HHKoraa He yaaaocb 6bi 3axßaTHTb CDepMonHJibi, a Bcaea 3a hhmh
h A(J)HHbL OaHaico Becb paccKa3 repoaoTa, H3o6paacaioinHii KcepK-
ca rjiynbiM aecnoTOM, h ero yTBepxcaeHHe o tom, hto y nepcoB MHoro
Jiioaen, ho cpean hhx Majio My^ceH, hbho HeaocroBepHbi... Kcepxc
neTbipe zxhh He npeanpHHHMaa HHHero y OepMonHJi, kohchho, He
b naaexcae Ha oTCTyruieHne rpexoB. Oh oxcnnaji noaxoaa cbohx ochob-
hbix cwi. Yxce b nepBbiii ae«b npnöbiTHH k OepMomniaM nepcnacKOH
KOHHHixbi Hanajiacb pexorHocuHpoBKa MecTHOcra, h nepcbi, Bbipoc-
niHe b ropax, caMH 6e3 noMomn npOBoaHHKa Jierxo Morjin oTbicxaTb
TponHHKy, Beaymyio b oöxoa ropbi...» (JJandaMaeeM. A. IIojiHTKHe-
cxan HcxopHH AxeMCHimcKOH aepxcaBbi. C. 149).
101 MajiHHUbi — |)eccajiHHCKoe ruieMH na ceßepHOM noöepexcbe MajiHH-
CKoro 3ajiHBa (coßp. 3ajiHB JlaMHH b TpeuHH). Xoth b nocjieayioineH
rpaaniiHH 3(|)HajibT, öeccnopHo, BoenpHHHMajicx xax npeaaTeab aeaa
3JIJIHHOB, HaaO nOMHHTb, HTO ÖOJIblHHHCTBO (J)eCCaJIHHCKHX IUieMeH
b 3tot MOMeHT Bbicxynajm b KanecTBe cok)3hhkob nepcoB. Bot xax
oueHHBaeT no3HiiHio 3(£ HajibTa M. A.^aHaaMaeB: «JlereHaa o npeaa-
TeJibCTBe 34)HajibTa, 3HaKOMan KaxcaoMy co uiKOJibHOH CKaMbH, Taioxe
TpeÖyeT KpHTHHeCKOFO paCCMOTpeHHfl... C TOUKH 3peHHfl HCTOpHHe-
ckoh nepcneKTHBbi Tex, kto cjiyxaui npoßoaHHKaMH nepcoB, moxcho
CHHTaTb npeaaTejmMH. O/iHaKO ecjiu BHHKHyrb b hx ncHxojiorHK),
npnaeTCH npH3HaTb, hto ohh He h3mchhjih hhkbkhm 3axoHaM, y hhx
He öbiJio oömero OTenecTBa, a HexoTopbie rocyaapcTBa cbmh npnraa-
chjih nepcoB b TpeuHio. MHorHe rpeKH aaxce öbuih yöexcaeHbi, hto
b hx CTpaHy naeT caM 6or 3eßC b o6pa3e Kcepxca» (JJaudaMaee M. A.
nojiHTHHecKan hctophh AxeMeHHacKOH aepxcaßbi. C. 149).
102 Bbiöop JleoHHÄa naa Ha 4)okhä^h noTOMy, hto Te xopomo 3HajiH MecT-
HOCTb.
103 BumA. R. Persia and the Greeks... P. 419.
104 CmposenKuü B. M. Zfnoaop Chixhjihhckhh o noxoae Kcepxca üpothb
3aJiaabi... C. 17—18, npHM. 31.
105 Hodkinson St. Social Order and the Conflict of Values in Classical
Sparta// Chiron. Bd. 13. 1983. P. 276.
106 Jfaa mhofhx rpenecKHx opaxyaoB 6bmo xapaKTepHo eaHHCTBO MaH-
thkh h no33HH. Ohh noaaac öbijiH reMHbi h HenoHHTHbi h aonycxa-
jih pa3Hbie BapnaHTbi hx ToaKOBaHHH.
ripuMeMaHHF!________________________________________________259
107 Mbi He cHHTaeM stot opaKyji nojyioxtHbiM h npimyMaHHbiM 3aflHHM
hhcjiom, KaK noxtaraiOT HeKOTOpbie HccjiejioBaTejiH (cm., b nacTHOCTH:
LazenbyJ.F. The Spartan Army. P. 91 h 94).
108 TpajiHixHH 06 oTpTOe (JjHBaHijeB b bohckc JleoHHna BecbMa npOTH-
BopenHBa. TaK, ¿Inonop, cjienyn 3 j opy, yTBep^yxaeT, hto rpa^Kxta-
He Ohb pa3om^HCb bo B3r;iaaax Ha coio3 c nepcaMH h hcho HaMeKa-
eT, hto 400 (|)HBaHiieB, KOTOpbie npHimiH k OepMomuiaM, cztejiajiH
3to no CBoeMy codcTBeHHOMy acenaHHio (XI, 4, 7). OdbHCHeHHe stoh
BepcHH Haao, no-BHjiHMOMy, HCKaTb bo B3nnmax caMoro 3 |)opa. KaK
H3BeCTHO, 3TOT HCTOpHK BeCbMa GjiarOCKJIOHHO OTHOCHJICH K OHBaM
b nepnoa hx rereMOHHH. B no3jiHeH TpajuniHH 06 ynacTHH cjjHBaH-
neB b cpaxceHHH npH OepMonmiax hjih BooGme He ynoMHHaeT-
Ca, HJIH MeHHeTCH MOTHBHpOBKa HX npHCyTCTBHH B apMHH JleOHHaa.
Tax, HanpHMep, IIjiyTapx b TpaKTaTe «O 3JioK03HeHHocTH Fepoao-
xa» pe3KO roBopHT o HanpacjiHHe, hko6bi bo3bcjichhoh Ha (J)HBaHii,eB:
«Oh (lepoAOT. — JI. 17.) hhk3k He Mor BbinepKHyTb H3 hctophh npe-
KpaCHeiilHHH H CJiaBHeHIHHH nOJiBHr H 3aHBHTb, qTO (J)HBaHIIibI ero He
coBepniHJiH, ho npHnyMan mix noHomeHM jioxhbih noBOjr hx noBe-
aeHHH h nojuibiH HaBeT... H3 Toro, hto npoH3oinjio, hcho o6paxHoe, —
hto JleoHHji He tojibko He cHHTaji J)HBaHueB npejraTejiaMH, ho BHjieji
b hhx HanexcHbix apy3en» (De Herod, malign. 30 / nep. C. H. Jlypbe).
IIo3huhh IljiyTapxa KaK azmoKaxa c|)HBaHueB BnojiHe noHHTHa. Ypo-
xceHeix 6eoTHHCKoro ropojia XepoHen, oh, kohchho, 6bui naTpHOTOM
BeoxHH h cTapaJicH o6ejiHTb cbohx copoamen.
109 Ilepejx noxoaoM KcepKca 3HaHHTejibHeHniHe H3 rpenecKHX rocy-
aapcTB — OeccajiHiicKHe oduiHHbi, Ohbbi h Aproc — npH3HaiiH Bep-
xoBHoe rocnoncTBo nepcoB.
110 HowW. W., WellsJ. ACommentaryonHerodotus.Vol.il. Oxford, 1912.
P. 141.
111 Bpaxcae6Hbie othoihchkh Me^Kny Gcothhckhmh ropoaaMH bo rjiaBe
c Ohbumh, c ojihoh CTopoHbi, h Occiihhmh BMeCTe c HjiaTeaMH —
c npyroit, HMeioT /uiHTejibHyio HCTopHio. Bpaxcaa 3Ta odocTpHJiacb,
KaK npaBHJio, npn jnoObix bochhbix KpH3Hcax. TaK, rpaxcaaHe Oecnnii
h njiaTeit eaHHCTBeHHbie H3 6eoTHHiieB He najm «3eMjno h Bojiy»
nocjiaHHHKaM KcepKca (Her. VII, 132). B 423 r. b xoae nejionoHHec-
ckoh bohhh (JjHBaHiibi cpbuiH roponcKHe CTeHbi OecnHH (Thuc. IV,
133), a nocjie 6htbbi npH JleBKTpax OecnHH Obijih hmh nojiHocxbio
pa3pymeHbi (Xen. Hell. VI, 3, 1; Diod. XV, 46).
112 npHHHHy jiaKOHHHHOcTH TepoaoTa b aaHHOM cjiynae BOBce He Haao
HCKaTb b tom, hto TepoaoT hko6bi njioxo pa36HpajicH b BoeHHOM aejie
h noaTOMy CTapajicH He aeTajiH3HpoBaTb cboh onncaHKH BoeHHbix aeii-
ctbhh. Ox ynacTHHKOB 3Toro cpaxceHHH c rpenecKOH CTopoHbi OaK-
THnecKH HHKoro He ocTajiocb b xchbwx. CKopee Bcero Te HeMHorne
260_______________________________flpeBHFiR CnapTa u ee repon
jtexajm, KOTopBie Tepo^ox cooömaeT b cBoeii «Hctophh», oh y3Han
B OCHOBHOM OT TpeKOB, OKa3aBUIHXCH B Jiarepe npOTHBHHKa, B HaCT-
HocxH OT ^eMapaxa.
113 FlowerM.A. Simonides, Ephorus and Herodotus... P. 375 h n. 45.
114 Ibid. P. 375.
115 ComacHO oömenpHHHTOMy mhchhio, ochobhmm hctohhhkom rjix
XI—XVI KHHr «EHÖjiHOTeKH» /fuoaopa 6bui 3c| op. Xota ¿tuonop
H He 6bIJI npOCXBIM KOMIIHJIHTOpOM, HO TeM He MeHee CBHIteTeJIbCTBa
3(J)opa oh, KaK npaBHJio, nepenaßaji hobojibho to^ho. Kax nojiaraex
H.Xsmmohä, b paccKa3e o cpaxteHHH npH OepMomuiax Rnojiop CTpo-
ro CJiejzoBaji 3a 3 f opoM (Hammond N. G. L. Sparta at Thermopylae.
P. 4).
116 Cm., HanpHMep: BumA. R. Persia and the Greeks...P. 416 f.; LazenbyJ. F.
The Defence of Greece 490-479 BC. P. 7, 142.
117 HammondN. G.L. Sparta at Thermopylae. P. 8.
118 FlowerM.A. Simonides, Ephorus and Herodotus... P. 369 f.
119 Kax paccKa3bißaex naßcaHHii, b CnapTe Haxotxnjiocb CBHTHjmme
MapoHa H Aricpex. Hm B03mßajm nonecTU xak repoHM (III, 12, 9).
120 nepeBOttbi 3THX TpaKTaTOB cm.: njiyrapx. 3acTOJibHbie öeceÄbi. JI.,
1990.
121 KocBeHHbiM noÄTBepxÄeHHeM TOMy Mo^xeT cjiyjKHTb cjie/tyiomee cooö-
paxceHHe: IepojioT b otjihhhc ot ocTajibHbix na3BaHHbix no hmchh
h oTHecTBy repoeß OepMontm HMeHH OTita ^fueHeKa abho He 3HaJi.
3tot aHexaoT, Bocxoanmnn k FepoaoTy, BCTpenaeTca h y HeKOTopbix
no3ßHHX nncarejieu, HanpHMep, y njiyxapxa (Mor. 225b) h Ilnnepo-
Ha B «TycKyjiaHCKHX öecenax» (Tuscul. disput. I, 42), a Taicxe npHBO-
ähtc» B aHTojiorHH BH3aHTHHCKoro nHcaxejifl-KOMimjiaTopa CToben
(Vb. h.3.) (VIT, 46).
122 «Hx 3aBeThi öjiiohh» — npeKpacHbiH nosTHnecKHH nepeßon, ho b nozt-
jiHHHHKe 3HaHHTcn öyKBajibHO cjienyiomee — «noOTHHHHCb hx 3axo-
naM». B 3nHTa(J)HH ynoTpeöjieHo hohhöckoc cjiobo «peMa», nopHH-
CKHM BapHaHTOM KOTOpOTO HBJIfleTCH CJIOBO «peTpa», CTaBüiee
B Cnapxe nojiHTHHecKHM TepMHHOM, o3HanaiomHM 3aKOH, onoöpeH-
HblH HJIH npHMO BHymeHHblh ÖOXeCTBOM.
123 TaK, THcaMeH, npHHajuie^camHii k n3BecTHOMy ixpe iecKOMy pozty
HaMHjjOB H3 3jiiiabi, b 480 r. 6bui npHHHT b cnapTaHCKyio oöniHHy
H Ha npoTHxceHHH MHorHx JieT 3aHHMaji nocx rjiaBHoro xcpeua-npo-
pHitaTejiH B CnapTe. no cnoBaM FeponoTa, TncaMCH h ero 6paT 6buiH
ejtHHCTBeHHMMH HHOCTpaHUaMH, KOTOpblC CüeJiaJIHCb CnapTHHCKMMH
rpaxcaanaMH (IX, 35).
124 MejiaMnoa — MHcbmiecKHH npopHuaTejib, ocHOBareJib KyjibTa Ahohh-
ca (Her. II, 49).
125 DavidE. Suicide in Spartan society. P. 28 f.
npuMewaHUH_______________________________________________26 í
ne OTHocHTejibHO yKa3aHHbix riaBcaHHeM oöcTOHTejibCTB nepeHoca
ocTaHKOB cymecTByiOT HeKoropbie comhchhji, nocKoabKy 3to MecTO
B pyKonHCHx HcnopneHO. KpoMe toto, noöeaHTeab b 6htbc npn Ilaa-
xenx (479 r.) cnapTaHCKHH noaKOBoaeu; üaBcaHHH hhkbk He Mor
HMeTb KaKOrO-JIHÖO OTHOmeHHH K nOHCKaM OCTaHKOB JTeOHH^a, KaK
o tom riHuieT nepnereT (nHcaTeab-nyremecTBeHHHK) IlaBcaHHH, Tax
Kax cnycTH copoK aeT nocae OepMonna ero yace He öhjio b ^khbbix.
KoMMeHTaTopw npeanoaaraioT, hto b CnapTe cxopee Bcero 6bui
KeHOTa(J JleoHHaa, a paccKa3 06 ynacTHH pereHTa ÜaBcaHHH b nepe-
Hoce ocTaHKOB napa HBaaeTca BbiayMKOH ero Te3KH, aBTOpa «Onn-
caHHfl 3aaaabi». C apyron CTOpoHbi, KaK HaM Ka^ceTCH, cnapTamjbi
AOJi^KHbi 6buiH cTpacTHo xenaTb BepHyTb Tejió JleoHHaa. Beab jxaa
nocMepTHoro noTHTaHHa JleoHHaa KaK repoa HeoöxoaHMO öbiao oey-
mecTBHTb cjio^cHyK) pejiHrH03Hyio uepeMOHHio, npoBoaHMyio oöa3a-
TCJibHO B caMOH CnapTe. Ctoht HanoMHHTb, hto Tejió naph Arecnaaa
öbiao ¿iocTaBJieHo aoMOft a *ce m JThbhh. Hto KacaeTca aocTOBepHo-
era coo6meHHH ÜaBcaHHH, to 3aMeTHM caeayiomee: aBTOp «Onnca-
HH5i 3aaaabi» npexpacHo oTannaa KeHOTac|)bi ot HacroamHX norpeöe-
hhh. B Toi* y e caMOH rjiaße oh, HanpHMep, yKa3bißaeT, hto b CnapTe
Haxo^MCH KeHOTaiJ) Epacnaa (III, 14, 1). Hto KacaeTca ynacTHH
cnapTanna IlaBcaHHfl b nepeHOce Tejía JleoHHaa, to coxpaHHTb oto
cooöineHHe moncho tojibko o^hhm cnocoöoM: c yqeTOM HcnopHeHHO-
CTH pyKonncHoro TexcTa moncho npeanoaoxcHTb, hto Ha caMOM aeae
penb maa He o copoxa roaax, a o nerapex. TaK, b nacraocTH, chh-
Tan Kapji Ot^phh Mioaaep. Kohchho, b 476 r. aaeH napcKoro aoMa
H repon ILriaTeft IlaBcaHHH BnojiHe Mor nepeHecTH ocTaHKH JleoHH-
aa B CnapTy.
127 HanpHMep, ÄHoaop (XI, 4, 2—4) h rijiyTapx (Mor. 866b—d; 225a—e)
cooönxaioT aHeKaoT, öynTO 6bi JleoHHa, ompaBJiaacb H3 Cnapra, y*:e
3Haii, *íto nornÖHeT, h noTOMy ne xoTeji oöpeKaTb ha CMepTb cjihuzkom
MHoro enapTaHCKHx rpa^oiaH. 3Toro BOBce HeT y IepoaoTa. Bmccto
MHCTHnecKoro npe^BHueHHH xojioaHbiH pacneT: 300 cnapTaHireB bo
rjiaße c JleoHHßOM öbian nocjiaHbi b xanecTBe nepeaoBoro OTpaaa (VII,
206). BepcHH o npeaßnaeHHH cBoeii rnöean, bo3mo kho, HMeeT no3TH-
necKHe kophh h bocxoaht k CHMOHHay. IIost BnoaHe Mor cpaBHHTb
KOpOTKyK), HO CJiaBHyiO 5KH3Hb JleOHH^a C ey^bÓOH AxHJIJia, KOTO-
pbiH 3Hajr, HTO oh He BepHeTCH aomoh H3-noa TpOH. Oöpa3 JleOHH-
aa, HaaeaeHHoro noaoÖHbiM npeaßnaeHHeM, öeccnopHo, npHOÖpeTaa
eme öoaee repoHHecxHe nepTbi. JleoHHa, peuiHB ocTaTbca y OepMO-
nHJi, noaoöHO Axnaay, Bbiöpaa jxjih ceöa KOpOTKyio XH3Hb, ho 6ec-
cMepTHyjo caaßy (FlowerM.A. Simonides, Ephorus and Herodotus...
P. 372).
128 TigerstedtE. N. The Legend of Sparta... P. 82.
262________________________________flpeBH^tq CnapTa m ee repon
129 CartledgeP. What have the Spartans done for us? Sparta’s contribution
to western civilization // Greece Rome. Vol. 51. 2004. No. 2. P. 166.
130 Cm., HanpHMep: SchaeferH. Pausanias // RE. Bd. XVIII. Hbbd. 36.
1949. Sp. 2563—2578; HapuiuKoeA. E. IlaBcaHHH h nojnmraecicaji
6opb6a b CnapTe. C. 128.
131 MeiggsR. The Athenian Empire. Oxford, 1972. P. 465.
132 CawkwellG. Thucydides and Peloponnesian War. London; New York,
2001. P. 11 hP. 124 f., n. 35.
133 Powell A. Athens and Sparta. P. 223.
134 Westlake H. D. Thucydides on Pausanias and Themistocles — A Written
Source?//Classical Quarterly. N.S.Vol. 27. 1977. No. 1. P. 97; 100 f.
135 Mumenfco 0. OyKHttnm h ero couHHeHHe // OyKmtuu. Cohhhchhk /
riep. Q.MmueHKO. Bbin. II. M., 1888. C. 190.
136 Powell A. Athens and Sparta. P. 105.
137 NafissiM. Tucidide, Erodoto e la tradizione su Pausania nel V secolo //
Rivista Storica dell’Antichita. T. 34. 2004. P. 160.
138 IlaBcaHiiH npHHajuieacaJi k napCKOMy jxoMy AraanoB. Oh 6bin chhom
KiieoMÖpoTa n otuou öyaymero napn IIJiHCToaHaicTa (Thuc. I, 94;
107; III, 26; V, 19). Ilocjie CMepTH OTua ITaBcaHHH b 479 r. cTaji one-
xyHOM CBoero MajioJieTHero ßBoiopOÄHoro öpaTa n/iHCTapxa (Her. IX,
10; Diod. XI, 29, 4; Paus. Ill, 4, 9—10). Toma ace oh B03rjiaBiüi cok)3-
Hyio rpeuecKyio apMmo h o^epacaji noöeny Haa nepcaMH npH njriaTe-
hx (Her. IX, 19-88; Plut. Arist. 14-20; Diod. XI, 29, 4-32). Tohhbix
CBetteHHH o aaTe poxaeHM naBcaHHH He coxpaHHJiocb, ho, cyan no
HeKOTOpbiM KocBeHHbiu naHHbiM, B 479 r. oh 6bui eiize cpaBHHrejibHo
MOJIOflbIM HejIOBeKOM.
139 3thmh ropotiaMH nponojufcajm BjiaaeTb ero noTOMKH (Xen. Hell. Ill,
1,6).
140 BlamireA. Pausanias and Persia// Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies.
Vol. 11. 1970. No. 4. P. 297 f. Cm. B03pa xeHHn B. M. CrporeuKoro co
CCbUlKOH Ha TepOÄOTa 06 HCKJIIOUHTejIbHO ÖbICTpOH aOCTaBKe liapCKOH
noHTbi (CmposeiiKUÜB. M. nojiHTHuecKan 6opb6a b Cnapre... C. 68).
141 FornaraCh. Some Aspects of the Career of Pausanias of Sparta. P. 266.
142 PynaB.B. TpeuHH h AxeMeHuncKan nepxaßa... C. 120.
143 TaM5xe. C. 121, npHM. 44.
144 LazenbyJ. F. Pausanias, Son of Kleombrotos, P. 238 f.
145 Pym3. B. Tpeima h AxeMeHnutcKan jxep^KaBa... C. 121, npHM. 44.
146 TaM ^ce. C. 123.
147 BlamireA. Pausanias and Persia. P. 301.
148 Powell A. Athens and Sparta. P. 238 f.
149 SchaeferH. Pausanias. Sp. 2577.
150 GommeA. W. A Historical Commentary on Thucydides. Vol. I. Oxford,
1945. P. 431 ff.
ripuMeMaHnq_____________________________________________________263
151 BlamireA. Pausanias and Persia. P. 301 f.
152 LippoldA. Pausanias von Sparta und die Perser. S. 330.
153 OlmsteadA. T. A Persian Letter in Thucydides // American Journal of
Semitic Languages and Literature. Vol. 49. 1933. No. 2. P. 154—161.
154 JJandaMaee M. A. IJoJiHranecKaH hctophh AxeMeHHttCKOH ^ep^caBti.
C. 172 cji.
155 PymS.B. rpextM h AxeMeHHßCKan ÄepxcaBa... C. 122, npHM. 45.
156 Fornara Ch. Some Aspects of the Career of Pausanias of Sparta.
P. 264 if.
157 RhodesP.J. Thucydides on Pausanias and Themistocles // Historia. Bd.
XIX. 1970. Hf. 4. P. 389.
158 LazenbyJ, F. Pausanias, Son of Kleombrotos. P. 235, n. 3.
159 Westlake H. D. Thucydides on Pausanias and Themistocles... P. 102 f.
160 Ibid. P. 103.
161 LangMsL. Scapegoat Pausanias // Classical Journal. Vol. 63. 1967.
No. 2. P. 80.
162 Ibid. P. 81.
163 Ibid. P. 84.
164 CawkwellG. Thucydides and Peloponnesian War. P. 124, n. 35.
165 BlamireA. Pausanias and Persia. P. 301 f.
166 CmpoeeiitKuüB. M. IIojiHTmecKafl 6opb6a b CnapTe... C. 68.
167 JJbMKonoeH. M. Hctophh Mhæhh... C. 423.
168 Oliva P. Sparta and her social Problems. P. 149.
169 LippoldA. Pausanias von Sparta und die Perser. S. 337.
170 Cmpoeeu^KuüB. M. IIojinTHHecKasi ôopbôa b CnapTe... C. 66.
171 ÖAMcmedA. HcTopna flepcmtCKOH HMnepnn. C. 163.
172 Gomme A, W A Historical Commentary on Thucydides. Vol. I.P. 432.
173 How W. W.y Wells J. A Commentary on Herodotus. Vol. II (k V, 32).
174 Genova A. Ancora su Pausania. Tra le righe di Tucidide // Talaros.
Bologna, 2012. P. 13 (http://talaros.altervista.org/alterpages/.../
Pausania.pdf).
m IlaBcaHHH noJio KHJi Hanajio npaKTHKe, o kotopoh c öojimhhm bo3-
MymeHneM OT3biBajmcb apeBHne aBTopbi. Tax, EBpnnrm b «AapoMa-
xe nncaji:
KaK Jio^en cyx Tounbil Kor/ra rpo^en
y 3JIJ1HHOB nOÖe^HblH CTaBHT BOHCKO
Mexcay BparoB jiexcamwx, to He Te
npocjiaBJieHH, KOTopwe Tpyzwjmcb,
A boxctb oaHH ce6e XBajry 6epeT.
(Eur. Androm. 693—698 / Ilep. H. AHHeHCKoro)
A n03 Ke fleMOCiheH OÖBHHHJI CBOHX COBpeMeHHHKOB a(J)HHHH
b tom, hto ohh B03aaioT HenoMepHbie nonecTH cbohm nonKOBo^uaM,
264_______________________________flpeBHH* CnapTa n ee repon
h HanoMHHaji o noBeAeHHH npemcoB, KOTopbie ne noHHxajih «6poH-
30BBIMH CTaTy«TMM H Hpe3MepHbIMM CBIÎJXGTGJIbCTBclMH yB£üKGHH£[ HH
OeMHCTOKJia, anep;*:aBiiiero no6exty b CajiaMHHCKOM cpaxceHHH, hh
MHJibTHazia, KOMaH^OBaBinero b ÓHXBe npn Mapa4)OHe, hh MHornx
JXpyTHX, COBepIHHBIHHX nOflBHrH, KOTOpbie He^b3H nOCTaBHTb B epaB-
Henwe c aeHHHííMH HbiHeniHHX noiFKOBOOTeB» (Dem. XXIII, 196 / üep.
B. T. BopyxoBHHa).
176 30JI0T0H XpeHOXCHHK nOXHTHJIH (| OKeÍÍUbI BO BpeMH CBHUXeHHOH
BOHHbr (Paus. X, 13, 5), a 6poh3obwh 3MeeBfiziHbm nocxaMeHxco cith-
ckom noóemfxejieH 6mji yBe3eH HMnepaTopoM KoHCTaHTHHOM b Koh-
CTaHTHHonojib h nocTaBJieH Ha TaMouiHeM EtnnoupoMe. Oh coxpaHHJi-
CH, 6yay*m H3BJieneHHbiM Ha cBex b 1856 r.
177 Oyiotana hbho npoxHBonocxaBjraex «nbiuiHbiíí nepcnucKHh ctoji üaBca-
hm» H3BecxHoíí npocxoxe rpenecKHx h xeM öojiee cnapxaHCKHX oöenoB.
178 CTpeMJieHHe nozipaxcaxb nepcaM 6buio xapaKxepHo h züih HeKOXopbix
a4)hhckhx JimíepoB. TaK, corviacHO A pHHeio, «noÆpaxeaji AjiKHBHan
h nepcH^cKHM oöbinaHM, KaK IlaBcaHHH, h ujih pa3roBopoB c í apHa-
6a30M oaeBajica b nepcHucKHe h ynHJi nepcHÄCKHii H3bik, KaK
cPeMHCXOKJi» (XII, 49, p. 535e).
179 Y ApHcxixna óbijio npeBocxoiíHo pa3BHXo nojiHXHHecKoe nyxbe. Oh
3aBoeBaji cepilla cok 3hhkob cbohm noBe^eHHeM, pe3KO KOHTpacxnpy-
ioxííhm c rpyóbiMH BbixoAKaMH IlaBcaHHH. lio cjioBaM IlJiyxapxa, Apn-
CTHZÍ «6bU1 C C0J03HMKaUU KpOTKHM H ryMaHHHM, a xaiöice H KMMOHa
oh yroBopHJi 6biTb c hhmh croBopHHBbiM h AocxynHbiM)» (Arlst. 23, I).
180 KaK BHAHO H3 KOHTeKcxa, HMeHHO b xaKOM 3HaneHHH ynoMHHaex
MHÍIH3M IlaBcaHHH A(f)HHGW. «IToÆpa^aJI ÄJIKHBHaa H MHZÍH3My riaB-
caHM, ¿(jin pa3roBOpoB c 3 apHa6a30M ozieBaacb b nepcimcKHe o^exc-
Ubi...» (Athen. XII, 49, 535e / Ilep. H.T.rojiHHKeBHMa c HaiiíHMH
HeÖOJIbLQHMH yTOHHeHHHMH).
181 PyueS.B. Fpemítf u AxeMemuxcKaa ztepucaBa. C. 32.
182 CmibHbiM apryMeHTOM #jih cnapxancKHx cy^aeíi Morjio 6bixb CBMae-
xejibcxBo IlaBcaHHH o toxobhocxh nepcoB oKa3biBaxb Cnapxe Maxe-
pHaJibHyio noMomb. BcnoMHHM, hxo KcepKC b nncbMe, UHTupyeMOM
OyKH^naoM, o6emajr IlaBcaHHio «ckojibko yro^Ho 30Jioxa, cepe-
6pa h ÄOcxaxoHHoe bohcko, r#e 6bi oho hh noxpeöoBajxocb» (I, 129,
3). rïceBflo-IIjiyxapx co ccbijikoh Ha XpncepMa cooómaex, hto iiapb
rrepeziaji TlaBcaHHio 500 xajiaHTOB 30jioxom (Ps.-Pluí. Parallela minora,
10 — Mor. 308b), a XJhoüop yxBep tcaaex, hxo Apxa6a3 TaíiHo aocxaB-
JiHJi üaBcaHHio MHoro üeHer ¿uin nomcyna HyatHbix eMy jiKxaeíi h3
HHCjia 3JIJIHHOB (Diod. XI, 44, 4). Kohohho, 3TH cbcjxchhh hcxoxwt
b OCHOBHOM H3 iio3Æhhx HCTOHHHKOB, a b cjiynae IIceB.zio-njiyxapxa
eme h BecbMa coMHHxeribHOH Hane^KHOcxH, ho b hhx, nycxb b hckb-
xeHHOM BH^e, 3aKJiioHeHbi cjie^bi ayxeHXHHHoii xpammHH.
npuMenaHi/ifl_______________________________________________265
183 3(J)0pbI, OTÜpaBJIflH flopKHCa, B03M03KH0, eilte He 3H81JIH, HTO COK)3-
hhkh nepeimra Ha CTOpoHy A(J)hh. JJopKHC CKopee ecero npnöbia
B BH3aHTHH y*:e nocjie oöpa30BaHHa fleaoccKoro Mopcxoro coio3a,
TO ecTb He paHbiue no3AHeH BecHbi hah aa)Ke Hauaaa JieTa 477 r.
184 B HCTOHHHKax Kpairae peaKo ynoMMHaiOTCH HMeHa 3(J)opoB, a eme
pe^ce — HMeHa repoHTOB b cbb3h c hx noAHTHuecKOH aeaTeabHOCTbio.
CnapTancKHe hoahthkh, 3a HCKJHoneHHeM uapeH h BoeHauaabHHKOB,
Kax npaBHJio, aHOHHMHbi.
185 Jlypbe C. %. npHMenaHHH k nepBOH nacra // njiyrapx. M3ÖpaHHbie
ÖHorpa(J)HH / riep. h kommcht. C. 51. Jlypbe. M.; JL, 1941. C. 381,
npHM. 85.
586 JlypbeC.%. HcTopHü TpeitHH... C. 285.
187 BerveH. Die Tyrannis bei den Griechen. Bd. I. München, 1967. S. 180 f,
588 «Bnepßbie stot ropoa 6bui 3axßaueH IlaBcaHHeM, cnapxaHCKHM uapeM,
h b xeneHHe ceMH aeT HaxoaHaca noa ero BJiacTbio...» (Justin. IX, 1,3).
XOTH riaBCaHHH Ha3BaH B 3TOM OTpblBKe ItapeM, O/ÜHaKO peub KBHO
naeT o pereHTe, nocKoabicy ero BHyx uapb IJaBcaHHH HHKaKoro otho-
ineHHB K BH3aHTHK) He HMeJI. 3T0 — OÄHa H3 MHOrOHHCJieHHHX HeTOH-
HOCTeii lOCTHHa.
189 B COHHHeHHH lOCTHHa HepeAKO BCTpeuaiOTCB «OIHHÖKH, HeJienOCTH
h JiaKyHbi». Ilo cjioßaM K.K. SejibHHa, «...H3BecTKa lOCTHHa coaepacaT
Ba^cHbie h b oömeM aocxoBepHbie cßeaeHHH, xoth h b ohchb KpaTKOH
4)opMe h b cHJiy stoh KpaTKoera, a Taioice BcaeacTBHe HeöpeaotocTH
MajiocBenymero onHTOMaTopa HenojiHbie, MaaocBH3aHHbie h coean-
HeHHbie c ouiHöoHHbiMH aoMbicaaMH» (ßenbun K. K. BcTynHTejibHaB
CTaTbfl // IOcthh MapK K)HHaH. SnHTOMa couHHeHHB rioMnea Tpora
«Historiae Philippicae» / riep. A. A. ¿JexoHCKoro h M. H. PnaccKoro.
Cn6., 2005. C. 16).
190 LazenbyJ.F. Pausanias, Son of Kleombrotos. P. 240.
191 Jlypbe C.%. npHMeuaHHB k nepBOH nacra. C. 385, npHM. 24.
192 njiyrapx nepeaaeT aHeKaoT, coraacHO KOTopoMy HenocpeacTBeHHbiM
noBoaoM aaa HanaaeHHH cok 3hhkob Ha BH3aHTHH cTaa HHirnaeHT
c KaeoHHKOH, aeßyuiKOH H3 3HarHOH mccthoh ceMbH, KOTopyio hko6m
oöecuecTHa h yöna üaBcaHHH (Cim., 6, 4).
193 OyKHana He cooömaer o tom, Kax aoaro IlaBcaHHH Haxoanaca
b KoaoHax. Cicopee Bcero HecKoabKO aeT, ho CKa3aTb hto-ahöo öoaee
TOHHO HeB03MOiKHO.
194 DunckerM. Abhandlungen aus der griechischen Geschichte. Leipzig,
1887. S. 75 f.
595 Tate, THnriHH eraa npaBHTeaeM noaßaacTHoro nepcaM Curea Ha Teaae-
cnoHTe (Her. V, 91; 94). y OeMHCTOKaa bo BaaaeHHH 6biao TpH ropo-
aa — MaraecHfl-Ha-MeaHape, JlaMncaK h MnyHT, npHueM b MarHe-
chh oh aaxe ueicaHHA MOHeTbi co cbohm coöcTBeHHbiM HMeHeM (Thuc.
266________________________________flpeBHHH CnapTa m ee repon
I, 138, 5). B JlaMncaKe uojiro eme hxhjih naMHXb OeMucxoKjia, a ero
noroMKH nojih30BBLjmcb xaM nouexHbiMH npaßaMH (Plut. Them. 32).
EbiBiiiHH cnapTaHCKMM uapb fleMapax h ero üotomkh BJiauejra Tlep-
raMOM, TeBcjDpaHHen h TajiHcapHOH b Mhchh, a ToHrmiy M3 SpexpHn
öbijio uapoßaHO ueTbipe ropoua b Mhchh (Xen. Hell. III, 1,6).
196 Kührstedt U. Sparta und Persien in der Pentekontaetie // Hermes. Bd.
56. 1921. Hf. 3. S. 323.
197 Ibid. S. 323 f.
198 Gomme A. W. A Historical Commentary on Thucydides. Vol. I. P. 433.
199 LangM.L. Scapegoat Pausanias. P. 83.
20° PyUe3.B. TpeitHB h AxeMenmiCKaH aep^caBa... C. 126.
201 GiorginiG, The riddle of Pausanias. P. 196.
202 He Bee HCCjietfOBaTejiH cuHxaiox oxo coo6meHne Oytamnaa uocxoBep-
HblM. TaK, HanpHMep, H3BeCXHbIH UeiHCKHH aHTHKOBe# H aBTOp Ba5K-
Horo nccjie^oBaHHH no Cnapxe IlaBeji OnuBa no;iaraex, uxo nouoöHoe
oÔBHHeHHe ôbiJio uoöaaxeHO no3^ce Bparamh IlaBcaHHtf h cxajio pac-
npocTpaHHTbca yace nocjie ero CMepxH {OlivaP. Sparta and her social
Problems. P. 148).
203 g 475 r uapb JleoxHxnu H, acejia# H30e; K:axb HaKa3aHH5i 3a b3*îtouhh-
necTBo, ôe^caji b Tereio, rue ocxaBajica uo caMOH CBoeft CMepxH b 469 r.
B 445 r. 6exaji 3a rpaHHity y xe npHroBopeHHbm k CMepxH uapb njm-
CToaHaKT. B H3maHHH oh ocxaBajica 19 JieT. B 395 r. 6bui ocyaçueH Ha
CMepTb uapb naBcaHHH. Oh ôextaji b Tereio, rue h ywep ot KaKOH-xo
6oJie3HH nocjie 385/84 r.
204 Rhodes P. J. Thucydides on Pausanias and Themistocles. P. 392.
205 LotzeD. Metaxy eleutheron kai doulon: Studien zur Rechtsstellung
unfreier Landbevölkerungen in Griechenland bis zum 4. Jh. v. Chr.
Berlin, 1959. S. 35.
206 WolskiJ. Pausanias et le problème de la politique Spartiate // Eos 47.
1954. P. 76 ff.
207 LangM. L. Scapegoat Pausanias. P. 84.
208 LazenbyJ. F. Pausanias, Son of Kleombrotos. P. 247; Ducat J. Aspects
de Thilotisme //Ancient Society. No. 9. 1978. P. 26 s., n.72.
209 DickinsG. The Growth of Spartan Policy. P. 34; DemirM. Pausanias
actions in Byzantium after the victory at Plataea (478—469 BC) //
Athenaeum. Vol. 97. 2009. No. 1. P. 67.
210 Oliva P. Sparta and her social Problems. P. 150 f.
211 TaK, nouo3peBaa uapn KjieoMeHa b noucxpeKaxejibcxBe MecceHCKHx
HJioxoB, OHH CHauana c noMonibto oöemaHHft BbiMaHHJiH KjreoMeHa
H3 ApKauHH, a BCKope, KaK xojibKo npeucxaBHJicfl yuoôHbiH cjiynaH,
apecTOBajiH h Ka3HHJiM ero (okojio 487 r.).
212 GiorginiG. The riddle of Pausanias. P. 195.
213 RhodesP.J. Thucydides on Pausanias and Themistocles. P. 392.
np^MenaHun_____________________________________________________267
214 DickinsG. The Growth of Spartan Policy. P. 34.
215 BelochK.J; GG. 2, Aufl.Bd.II, 2. Strassburg, 1916. S. 155.
216 Ibid. S. 155 f.
217 BengtsonH. GG. 2, Aufl. München, 1960. S. 185.
218 WolskiJ. Pausanias et le problème de la politique Spartiate. P. 75ff.
219 Oliva P. Sparta and her social Problems. P. 150.
220 BlamireA. Pausanias and Persia. P. 304.
221 LazenbyJ. F. Pausanias, Son of Kleombrotos. P. 247 f.
222 CawkwellG. Thucydides and Peloponnesian War. P. 51.
223 34 opbi nooutpiïJiH HOHOCM, a jxohochhkh b Harpajjy nojiyuajin
rapaHTHio 6e3onacHOCTH h, bo3mo5kho, TaKace KaKne-TO cTaTycHbie
hjih MaTepHajibHbie npHBHJiernH. Tax, pacKpbiB 3aroBop KnHajtoHa,
3c£)opbr, no CBüzteTejibCTBy IIoJiHeHa, «6e3 BCUKoro CMymeHHH npnxa-
3ajm yÔHTb Bcex, Ha Koro 6bur uohoc, 3a HCKjnouenHeM caMoro æohoc-
uHKa» (II, 14, 1).
224 B Tex cjiyqanx, Koraa cyay nouBeprajicn uapb hjih HHbie nepBbie jinua
rocyaapcTBa, repycna oÔH3aHa 6buia aeiicTBOBaTb cobmcctho c atjpo-
paMH, o6pa3ya c hhmh Bbicuiyio cyueÔHyio KOJUierHio (Paus. III, 5, 2).
225 LangM. L. Scapegoat Pausanias. P. 84; BlamireA. Pausanias and Persia.
P. 304.
226 Æhoâop ÆoôaBJmeT jieTajib, bhæhmo, couHHeHHyio 3(|)opoM. flo ero
cjioßaM, MaTb IlaBcaHHH, He roßopa hh cjioBa, nojio^KHJia nepBbiH KHp-
um y Bxoua b xpaM, TeM caMbiM yKa3aB 3c£)opaM, hto Hauo uejiaTb (XI,
45, 6-7).
227 3Ta aaTa b HacToamee BpeMa o6menpH3HaHa.
228 GiorginiG. The riddle of Pausanias. P. 189.
229 ¿(ejibdwHCKHH: AnojuioH Hepe/tKO Bbicrynaji b xauecTse apÔHTpa
Memiy cnapTaHCKOH oôiuhhoh h ee napaMH, 3amHman, KaK npaBH-
jio, nocjieaHHX. Tax, HanpHMep, £ejib |)HHCKHe xcpeubi noMorjiH Bep-
Hyrb TpoH napio IIjiHCToaHaKTy (npaBH/i c ôojibuihm nepepbiBOM c 459
no 409 r.) (Thuc. II, 21, 1; V, 16, 3; Plut. Per. 22—23). TecHbie koh-
TâKTbl UapCKHX UOMOB CnapTbl C ZteJIb(J)HHCKHM JKpeHeCTBOM nOUKpe-
njiHJiHCb ôojibiüHMH noxcepTBOBaHHHMH uapeïï. flocjie yaauHbix BoeH-
Hbix KaMnaHHH uapn, KaK npaBHJio, OTnpaBJinjïh b Æejibihbi HeMajibie
aeHexcHbie cyMMbi h nojiapKH. BecbMa Bepo$rrao, hto h IlaBcaHHH
b öbiTHocTb CBOK) HaBapxoM nocbuiaji ueHHbie ttapbi b A^Jib^bi h bojihji
apyxcôy c aejib(i)HHCKHMH xcpeuaMH.
230 O no3HUHH flejibd) b HCTopHH c flaBcaHHeM cm.: Kynuiuoea O. B. Hejib-
(f)bi b MexoïojiHCHbix OTHOineHHHX b cep. V b. jxo h.3.: 6opb6a 3a koh-
TpoJib nau opaKyjiOM // IIpoôJieMbi aHTHHHoii hctophh: c6. nayh, ct.
k 70-jierHiO npo4 . 3JTOpojiOBa. CIT6., 2003. C. 60—62.
23J BerveH. Die Tyrannis bei den Griechen. Bd. I. S. 181.
232 LazenbyJ. F. Pausanias, Son of Kleombrotos. P. 247.
266______________________________flpeBHqq CnapTa n ee repoM
233 Ibid. P. 249.
234 A. Tomm, KOMMeHTHpy^ rrocbuiKy Epacuwa k Hasapxy AjiKnay, 3aMe-
naeT, hto «no^TH He cjiynajiocb, htoöh cnapTaHitbi oT3biBajm KaKo-
rojiHÖo HeKOMneTeHTHoro hjih neyttanJiHBoro niaBHOKOMaHayiome-
ro» (GommeA. W A Historical Commentary on Thucydides. Vol. II.
Oxford, 1956. P. 358). Bhuhmo, cnapTamtbi, Ha3HaneHHbie xoth 6bi
ozmaxcxbi Ha BbiciiiHe BoeHHbie âojdkhocth, He3âBHcnMo ot cbohx
peajibHbix ycnexoB, nonaaajm b «HOMeHKJiaTypHbiii cixhcok» pyxo-
Botmmero pe3epBa. TaK, HanpHMep, HaBapx Ajikhæ, xoth ero cjiaôbie
BoeHHbie cnocoôHocTH, KOHeuHO xte, He ocTajmcb TaHHOH ttJiH cnap-
TancKoro pyKOBOÆCTBa, TeM He Menee yxce Ha c/ieayiomHH roa nocjie
CBoeft HeyaaHHOH HaBapxHH 6bui Ha3HaneH oæhhm h3 ocHOBaTejien
KOJiomm b Tepaiaiee TpaximcKOH (Thuc. Ill, 92, 5).
235 FalknerC. Astyochus, Sparta’s Incompetent Navarch? // Phoenix.
Vol. 53, No. X. 1999. P. 213, 220.
236 O 3HaneHHH jihhhbix cBaaeir Knpa Mjiaamero u JlHcanapa cm.:
PyueS. B. TpeitHfl h AxeMeHHacican aepxcaßa... C. 266—273.
237 LotzeD. Lysanderund Peloponnesische Krieg. S. 23. HeMeijKOMy yue-
HOMy ^IeTJie(|)y JIOTue npHHatmexcHT BaxcHoe HccjiettoBaHHe o bjiha-
HHH JÏHcaHapa Ha Hcxoa IlejionoHHeccKOH bohhm.
238 GlotzG. Histoire Grecque. T. IL Paris, 1931. P. 744.
239 Knp npHBC3 c co6oh 500 TajiaHTOB H3 rocyaapCTBeHHOH Ka3Hbi nep-
chh, KOTopwe npeaHa3HauajiHCb Ha cottepxcaHHe cnapTaHCKoro (f)JiOTa
(Xen. Hell. I, 5, 3—4). CyMMa b 500 TajiaHTOB 6buia aocTaTouHoft ujth
coaepxcaHHH b TeneHne roaa cf)JioTa b 80—90 KOpaÔJieii npH cpeaHeft
KOMaHAe Kopaôjia b 200 nejioBeK h oôhhhoh noueHHOH nJiaTe MaTpo-
caM no 3 oôojia xaxçaoMy.
240 LotzeD. Lysanderund Peloponnesische Krieg. S. 68.
241 njiyrapx h nojraeH npHBoxurr hctophk) Ka3HH 800 MHJiexHH b Kaue-
CTBe npHMepa PiCïonoHHTejrbHoro BepojiOMCTBa h ôecnpMHuunHOCTH
Jlncanapa (Plut. Lys. 8; 19; Polyaen. I, 45, 1).
242 npHBeaeM paccxa3 nojmeHa o coôhthhx Ha Oacoce, kotopmh npen-
CTaBJiaeTcn HaM THmraHbiM juin cyxmeHHH o xapaKTepe aeiiCTBHH
JlncaHjtpa 3a rpaHHHCH: «JlncaHap 3axBaTHJi d acoc, cpean xcHTejieii
KOToporo 6bUio MHoro ctopohhhkob A(J)hh, CKpbiBaioiUHxcfl ot Hero.
A oh co3Baji 4)acocu;eB b xpaM Tepaiaia, npoH3Hec nepea hhmh rpy-
xcecKyro peub... Te H3 c^acocueB, KOTopbie cKpbiBajincb, noBepHB ero
;no6e3HbiM penaM, Bbiuum [h3 cbohx yôexcHui]. JlHcanap xce, BbixcnaB
HecKOJibKo tiHeft, HTOÔbi Te eme ôojibiue ocMejiejin, npHKa3aji cxBarHTb
HX H 3aKOJIOTb» (I, 45, 4).
243 Hjiotm, nojiy^HBume cBoôoxy 3a cboïo cjiyxcôy b apMHH. Bojibuie Bcero
HeoaaMottOB 6biJio b nepHoa nejionoHHeccKOH bohhbi h rereMOHHH
CnapTbi. O Heo^aMottax cm.: nenamaoeaJl. T. HeoaaMoabi b CnapTe.
flpuMeHaHUfl-------------------------------------------------269
244 MocfraKH HJiH mo(J)ohbi — cbiHOBbH oöeaHeBiiiHx cnapTanneB, BOCnH-
Tanne H oöpa30BaHHe KOTopbix cnoHCHpoBaan hx OoraTbie cooTene-
CTBeHHHKM.
245 floeamypA. H. IloJiHTHKa m nojiHTHH ApHCTOTeaa. C. 244.
246 JlHcaHup nocjie noöeabi npn 3rocnoTaMax npenoaHec cboh nap
B J ejib(|)bi. Ero naMHTHHK npeacTaßaan coöoio caosmyro komiio3huhk)
npHMepHO H3 40 cxaTyii: b nempe Haxoanacn noceilaoH, KopoHyio-
mHH noöeaoHocHoro Jlncanupa. CTaTyio Haßapxa oKpyxaan CTaTyn
HaHÖojiee otjihhhbihhxch cnapxaHueB h naeHOB cnapTaHCKOH chm-
MaXHM.
247 CartledgeP. Agesilaos and the Crisis of Sparta. P. 83.
248 OÖ3TOMCM.: OpoAoeS.fl. H3 npeÄbiCTopHH Maaamen mpamm (Ctoji-
KHOBeHHe jih^hocth H rocyaapcTBa b CnapTe Ha pyöejxe V—IV doae-
THH ao H. 3.) // B,HH. 1972. Nq 2. C. 22—39; nenamnoeaH. F. JlncaHap
H cnapTaHCKHH noanc // Ü3 hctophh aHTHUHoro oömecxßa. ropbKHH,
1988. C. 11-25.
249 HeKOTOpbie HccaeaoBaTean cwraioT 3Ty HCTOpmo anoKpH(j)HqHOH. TIo
hx MHeHHK), oHa oöH3aHa CBOHM npoHcxo:xaeHHeM H3o6pexaTejibHo-
CTH 3(|)opa, OT KOTOporo, KaK OHH noJiaraiOT, öepeT Hanaao öoabiiiHH-
CTBO aHTHJiHcaHapoBCKHx öaceH. Cm., HanpHMep: Prentice W K. The
Character of Lysander // AJA. Vol. 38. 1934. No. 1. P. 37 ff.; Smith R.E.
Lysander and the Spartan Empire // CIPh. Vol. 43. 1948. No. 3. P. 149,
n. 40.
250 Meyer Ed, GdA Bd. V. Stuttgart; Berlin, 1902. S. 44 f.; BelochK.J. GG.
2. Aufl. Bd.III, 1. Berlin; Leipzig, 1923. S. 16, Anm. 1.
251 Cm., HanpHMep, cjihihkom KaTeropnqHbie BbicKaßbiBaHHH II. Ojihbh
hjih P. CMHxa {OlivaP. Sparta and her social Problems. P. 184;
Smith R.E. Lysander and the Spartan Empire. P. 154).
252 3tot 6bui npopHitaTeJib oömerpenecKoro MacniTaöa. Byayqn BecbMa
noaHTH3HpOBaH, JXHOnH(f) OCTaBKJI CBOfi CJiea B A(J)HHaX KaK npOTHB-
HHK AHaKcaropa, a nepe3 Hero h IlepHKJia. B Könne 30-x rr. flHonHtj)
«BHec B HapoaHoe coöpaHHe nocTaHOBaeHHe o npecaeaoBaHHH Tex,
KOTopbie He noHHTaioT öoroB Han 3aHHMaiOTca H3yneHHeM Heöecnbix
aBaeHHh» (Plut. Per. 32).
253 B opaxyae penb naeT o tom, htoObi «npaMOHoraa CnapTa» He noraö-
aa H3-3a «xpOMoro napcTBOBaHHH». B nonpaBKe k Boabuioii peTpe
BCTpenaeTca noxoxcHH xepMHH — «kphboh». TaM «KpHBoe» pemeHHe
Hapoaa aoa^cHbi oTMeHHTb repoHTbi h uapn (Plut. Lyc. 6, 7). YqeHbie
aaBHO OTMeTHaH CXOaCTBO TepMHHOB «XpOMOH» H «KpHBOH» B opaxy-
aax, HMeioinHX aBHyio noaHTHqecKyio HanpaßaeHHocxb. Oöpa3HbiH
«3biK npopnnaHHH ynoaoöaaa 6oae3HH rocyaapcTBa c qeaoßeqecKM-
MH HeayraMH. üoapoöHee 06 3tom cm.: 3aüKoeA.B. «KpHBaa» h koh-
cTHxynHOHHbie nponeaypw b apxaHqecxoH CnapTe. C. 23—33; Cypu~
270_______________________________flpeBHRH CnapTa m ee repon
KoeK E . AHTHHHan rpeimn: nojiHTHKa b KOHTeKCTe anoxH. Ha nopore
HOBoro MKpa. C. 95 cji.
254 OöcTOHTejibCTBa nejia, cBH3aHHbie c HapyineHHeM cynpy^cecKOH Bep-
hocth Thmch, xcenn Arnca, Zlypro cooômaeT b MejibnaHiiiHx nonpoö-
hocthx. njiyrapx, ccbiJiaiomHHCH Ha «HypHna, paccKa3bißaeT 3Ty 3uhh-
MaTeJIbHyiO HCTOpHIO TpHTObl — B ÖHOipa^HHX AjIKHBHajia, JlHCaHÄpa
h ArecHJian.
255 LuriaS. Zum politischen Kampf... S. 408.
256 Oliva P. Sparta and her social Problems. P. 184.
257 Meyer Ed. GdA. Bd. IV. Stuttgart; Berlin, 1902. S. 556; 568.
258 Hamilton Ch. D. Spartan Politics and Policy... P. 307 f. IIoapoOHbiË pa3-
6op TpamïitHH BMecTe c HCTOpHorpa |)HuecKHM 0030p0M cm.: LuriaS.
Zum politischen Kampf... S. 404—420; JIypbeC.%. KoMMeHxapHË //
KceHO(j)OHT. rpeuecKan hctophh. JI., 1935. C. 270—72 (k III, 3, 2—3).
259 CartledgeP. Agesilaos and the Crisis of Sparta. P. 113.
260 CypuKoeH. E. AHrmuan Tpeuiia: nomiTUKa b kohtckctc anoxH. Ha
nopore HOBoro MHpa. C. 88.
261 C.JLJIypbe Ha ueJioM pane npHMepoB noKa3biBaeT Te cTepeoTHnbi,
c noMOiubK) KOTopbix, KaK npaBHJio, ycTpaHHJiHCb cnapTaHCKfie napn:
LuriaS. Zum politischen Kampf... S. 419 f.; JlypbeC.H. Hctophh
aHTHHHOH OÔmeCTBeHHOË MbICJIH. C. 179 CJI.
262 0pojioe3.JJ. H3 npeabicTOpHH MJianuieH THpaHHH... C. 30.
263 CawkwellG.L. Agesilaus and Sparta // C1Q. Vol. 26. 1976. No. 1. P. 66 f.
264 (ppojioeO. JL. Ü3 npeabicTopHH MJianmeË THpaHHH... C. 32 cji.
265 Meyer Ed. GdA. Bd.V. S. 32; Ehrenberg V. Sparta. Geschichte. Sp. 1402.
266 CartledgeP. Agesilaos and the Crisis of Sparta. P. 114.
267 CorjiacHo LDiyTapxy, «nodaHOBKa JlHcamxpa npoBajiHJiacb bcjicji-
CTBHe pOÖOCTH O^HOrO aKTepa H COTpyüHHKa, KOTOpblË, y»ce B3HBIHHCb
3a aejio, CTpycnji h norneji Ha nonnTHyio» (Lys. 26). 3Ta HeynaBuian-
CH HHTpHra, b jcoropyio dbino bobjighcho HeMajio ^lo^eö, cTajia, bo3-
moxcho, npenMeTOM «cjiyxeÖHoro» paccjieztoBaHHH b JXgrb^bx. )Kpe-
noB, coynacTHHKOB JlHcannpa, oöbhhhjih b tom, uto ohh noMornn
eMy c4 ajibCH({)HnHpOBaTb npe^cKa3aHHn IThc{)hh (Plut. Lys. 25, 1—2).
IlOCJie 3TOH HeKpaCHBOH HCTOPHH neJlb^HHCKHC XCpeUbl nOCTapaJIHCb
nncTaHUHpoBaTbCH OT JlHcaHnpa h He pHCKOBarb öojibme pann Hero
CBOHM aBTOpHTeTOM.
268 Ha cBH3b c JlHBHeË yKa3biBaer h peztKoe jxrr rpeKOB hmh öpaTa JlncaH-
npa — JIhöhh.
269 He HCKJHoneHo, hto JlHcaHnp nßaxcnbi noöbiBaji b JIhbhh. IlepBbiH
pa3 — BCKOpe noejie OKonuaHHH IlejionoHHeccKOH bohhh. Bo3o6-
HOBJieHHe CTapbix xceHHuecKHx cBn3eË h 3aB*i3biBaHHe hoblix 3Ha-
komctb MorjiH HaBecTH yxe Torna JlHcanapa Ha mbicjib o6 ncnojib30-
BaHHH aBTopHTeTa MecTHoro npopHuajmma b coöcTBeHHbix HHTepecax.
ripuMenaHUR___________________________________________________ 271
BTopoH pa3 oh TaM noöbißaji cKopee Bcero Me^my 399 h 396 rr., nocjie
Toro, KaK npoBajiitfiHCb ero rroribiTKH no^KyriHTb opaxyTibi b Tpemm.
270 po/ioe3.JJ. Ü3 npezibiCTopHH MJia#meH THpaHHH... C. 34.
271 Meyer Ed. GdA. Bd. V. S. 48.
272 P0A063.M. Ü3 npeflbICTOpHH MJiaZUHCH THpaHHH... C. 34.
273 KHHaÄOH TOTOBHJI HaCTOHIUHH BOCHHblH nyTH C npHBJieHCHHeM B Kane-
cTBe C0IO3HHKOB Bcex KaTeropHH HacejieHKH, HeßOBOJibHbix connajib-
HOH noJiHTHKOH CnapTbi (Xen. Hell. III, 3, 10—11; Polyaen. II, 14, 1).
Hto KacaeTCH JlncaHÄpa, to, ßaate b cjiynae ycnemnoH peajiH3aizHH
ero njiaHOB, pent Morjia hzxth tojibko o nacTHHHoii CMeHe npaBamen
3jihth.
274 KceHo4)OHT B oöbuffloii CBoeH MaHepe Booöine onycKaeT 3iy HenpnaT-
Hyio wir cnoüBiDitHHKa JlHcan^pa hctophio. IIo ero BepcHH, JlncaHüp
nocjie naneHHH CaMoca uocTaBHJi b CnapTy 470 TanaHTOB (Hell. II,
3, 8). Ho, coniacHO flnoßopy (XIII, 106), JlncaHap b 405 r. nocjiaji
THJiHnna c 1500 TajiaHTaMH, H3 KOTOpbix nocjie^HHH yxpan 300. ILiy-
Tapx o6T eaHHHeT o6e BepcHH (Lys. 16).
275 ÜHcaHÄP npHÖbur b AcJmHbi b KOHiie anpejia 403 r. npenbiCTopHH
ero noHBJieHHH TaKOBa. Bjiamnapn b ochobhom 4)HBaHCKOÄ noMomn
okojio 70 H3raaHHHKOB-zieMOKpaTOB bo rjiaße c OpacnöyjioM 3hmoh
404/403 r. CMorjiH 3axBaTHTb a(J)HHCKHH norpaHHHHbiH 4 opT Onjiy
H 3aTCM, COÖpaB apMHK) TJiaBHblM OÖpa30M H3 XCHTeneH nHpeH, HaHeC-
JiH nopaxeHHe Tpumrara THpanaM. nocjie 3Toro TpmmaTb öexaJiH
B SjieBCHH, a B A(J)HHax hx 3aMeHHJia HOBan, ho To xe ojmrapXHHe-
CKan KOJUierHM JXqcrtu. Oöe rpynnbi ojinrapxoB oöpaxHJiHCb k Cnap-
Te 3a noMoiHbK) (Xen. Hell. II, 4, 2—28; Arist. Ath. pol. 38, 1). Criap-
TaHUbi upejiocTaBwm ojinrapxaM «H3 ropo,aa» orpoMHbiii 3aeM b 100
TajiaHTOB wir HaöMa cojutax h nocua^H hm Ha noMomb JlHcarapa. Tot
cpa3y 5Ke HanpaBjuica k cbohm £py3bflM b SjieBCHH h Hanaji cjpopMH-
poßaTb öojibinyio apMHio HaeMHHKOB (Xen. Hell. II, 4, 29). Hmchho
B 3T0T MOMeHT H nOHBHJICH üaBCaHHH.
276 Yxce co BpeMeHH TpeKo-nepcHacKHX bohh napeif b noxojie, KaK npaBH-
jio, conpoBO)Kaajm nßa 3(J)opa. B 3aBHCHMOCTH ot oTHomeHHH napen
H 3(J)opoB nocjieaHHe cTaHOBHjmcb zyifl uapen hjih Heaoöpoacejiaxejib-
HbiMH corjiHaaTaHMH, hjih ace, HaoöopoT, noMOiiiHHKaMH h cok)3HH-
KaMH.
277 3to He eziHHCTBeHHbiH cjiynan nozwepXKH naßcaHHeM aeMOKpaTOB.
ByüyHH B H3THaHHH H aencTBya qepe3 CBoero cbma ArecHnojmaa, oh
cnac ot cMepTH 60 MaHTHHeHCKHx jteMOKpaTOB (Xen. Hell. V, 2, 6). Ero
cbiHOBbfl TaiöKe OTJiHHajiHCb BecbMa jiHÖepajibHHMH B3rjnmaMH.
278 Meyer Ed. GdA. Bd. V. S. 43 f. 3w Mefiep bh^ht b üaBcaHHH xpynHoro
noJiHTHHecKoro ¿jesrrejifl, co3HaTe;ibHoro h npHHUHnHajibHoro THpa-
Hoöopna H cnacHTejiH AcJ)hh. Bot ero anojiornfl IlaBcaHHio: «noBe^e-
272_______________________________flpeeHHH Cnapra m ee repon
Hue CnapTH b OTHomemiH A4 hh HBjraeTC5i caMOH cjiaBHOH cipaHHueii
ee HCTopMHj 3a 3to A4mnhi to*iho tsk Me, xax h Becb mhp, b nepByio
onepexrb mojdkhh öjiaroxrapHTb nocTOHHeiiinero aapn h3 #oMa Arna-
xtob». KoHe^HO, MHeHHe KpynHeHiuero HeMemcoro HCTOpmca o Haß-
caHHH aaKJiio^aeT b ce6e axieMeHT wxeaJiH3aixHH. Ho KaKHMH 6bi coo6-
paxeHHHMH HH pyKOBOJXCTBOBaJICH IlaBCaHHH, OÉrbeKTHBHO HMeHHO
oh cnac B tot MOMeHT a4)HHCKyio rreMOKparmo.
279 CypwcoeKE. AHTHHHan rpeuna: nojiHTHKa b KOHTexcTe anoxH. Ha
nopore hoboto MHpa. C. 100.
280 Mbi Majio 3HaeM o HTeHHH jura nHCbMe cnapTamreB. Otckw b Hayxe
B03HHK Bonpoc, a 6bura jiH cnapTaHitbi Boo6me rpaMOTHbi? Tax,
M. cDjiayap nojiaraeT, hto ohh, He3aBHCHMO ot nojioxceHHB b o6me-
cxBe, yxce b cnjiy y3KOH HanpaBJieHHocTH ceoero o6pa30BaHHH He 6buiH
cnocoÖHbi H3JiaraTb Ha öyMare KaKOH-JiHdo cB5i3HbiH TexcT. TIo noBo-
jxy jiHTepaTypHOH zreaTejibHocTH Jlncarmpa h napn IlaBcaHHH oh 3aMe-
naer, hto Bpsm jiu kto-jiuöo M3 hhx 6e3 nocToponneH noMomn Mor
cocTaBHTb wm xoTH 6bi nponecTb c^oxoxbie jinrepaTypHbie KOMno3H-
HHH. lio ero MHeHHK), naBcaHHH B jiynnieM cjiynae «xtHKTOBaji cBoe
coHHHeHHe oOTOMy H3 TereírcKHx Apy3eH» {FlowerM. A. Revolutionary
Agitation... P. 81 f., n. 32). HHxaKHx apryMeHTOB b 3aixxHTy CBoeir Teabi
o 6e3ipaMOTHocTH cnapTamreB, KpoMe cooöpaxceHHH oömero nopfl#Ka,
M. Onayap He npUBorrirr. HccjieztOBarejiH yxce He pa3 yKa3bmajiH Ha to,
hto npeacxaBJieHHe 06 hx nojraoH 6e3rpaMOTHocTH HBJineTCH cHJibHbiM
npeyBejiHHeHHeM. O rtHCKyccHH no noBorry rpaMOTHOCTH cnapTaHueB
cm.: Powell A. Athens and Sparta. P. 238—241.
281 Meyer Ed. Forschungen zur Alten Geschichte. Bd. I. Halle, 1892.
S. 233.
282 Ibid. S. 231 ff.
283 BelochK.J; GG. 2. Aufl.Bd.III, 1. S. 71 f., Anm. 4.
284 Cm., HanpMMep: DavidE. The Pamphlet of Pausanias // Parola del
Passato. Vol. 34. 1979. P. 94-116; HodkinsonSt. “Blind Plomos’’?:
Contemporary Images of the Role of Wealth in Classical Sparta // The
Shadow of Sparta / A. Powell and St. Hodkinson (eds.). London; New
York, 1994. P. 200.
285 EhrenbergV. Neugründer des Staates. Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte
Spartas und Athens in VI. Jahrhundert. München, 1925. S. 14, 124
H Anm. 9; Oliva P. Sparta and her social Problems. P. 187; Cartledge P.
Sparta and Lakonia... P. 279.
286 B TpaÄHUHH cymecTByiOT íxbc BepcHH o npoHcxoxcjreHM» a4 opa-
Ta. CorjiacHO nepBoii, 6oJiee paHHeH, ac^opaT 6bui yqpoxaeH Jlmcyp-
roM, corjiacHo BTOpow, öoJiee noanHeví, — oh bo3hhk no3Xce, bo BpeMH
MecceHCKHX bohh no HHHUKaTHBe nape#.
287 ßoeamyp A. H. IIojiHTHKa h noJiHTHH ApHCTOTejin, C. 373, npHM. 48.
npi/iMenaHUfl______________________________________________273
288 Meyer Ed. Forschungen zur Alten Geschichte. Bd. I. S. 234;
Oliva P. Sparta and her social Problems. P. 187; David E. The Pamphlet
of Pausanias. P. 94—116; FlowerM.A. Revolutionary Agitation... P. 81
ff.; Eo/iyöUtOea H. H. K Bonpocy o BHyrpeHHeM nojio;*:emm CnapTbi
B Ha1!. IV B. no H.3. // TpyHbl MoCKOBCKOrO HCTOpHKO-apXHBHOrO
HHCTHTyra. T. 12. 1958, C. 248-266,
289 K. K). Eejiox CHHTaex, hto üaBcaHHH HHKaK He Mor BbicTynHTb npoTHB
34 opoB? Bo-nepBbix, noTOMy hto «o öopböe Mexczxy uapCKOH BJiacTbio
H 3(J)OpaTOM B 3TO BpeMH BOOÖme He MOrjIO ÖblTb H peHH», BO-BTOpbIX,
noTOMy HTO «riaBcaHHH Öbui 6bi MeHee Bcero cnocodeH B03rnaBHTb
noaoÖHyio 6opb6y». 3tot bbiboh Eejiox nenaeT, rjiaBHbiM oöpa30M
hcxoh» H3 CBoen HH3KOH ohchkh üaBcaHHfl, KOTopbiH, no ero MHe-
HHK), Booöute He Mor HMeTb KaKOH-JiHÖo Ü03HTHBH0H nporpaM-
Mbi. Hto KacaercH MHpHoro cocymecTBOBaHna 3(Jx)poB h uapeii, to,
KpoMe snoxH ArecHJian, Ha KOTOpyio, coöctbchho roßopn, h ccbuia-
eTCH Eejiox, öojibine b hctophh CnapTbi nonoóHbix cnoKoímbix nepH-
OHOB He 6buio (BelochK.E GG. 2. Aufl. Bd. III, 1. S. 71).
290 Oliva P. Sparta and her social Problems. P. 188.
291 KoiueAeHKoT.A. TpenHa b sjuiHHHCTmecKyio anoxy // 3jijihhh3m:
3KOHOMHKa, nojiHTHKa, KyjibTypa / non pen. E. C.FojiyöuoBOH. M.,
1990. C. 169 cu.
292 OÖ30p mhchhh cm,: OUvaP. Sparta and her social Problems. P. 216
f.; ßapeuHA.JI. C4 ep BopHc^eHHT h pe(J)opMaTopcKoe HBMxceHne
B CnapTe (HCTOpHorpa(|)HH Bonpoca) // Mhcmoh. Bbin. 2 / non pen.
3.JX. OpojiOBa. CII6., 2003. C. 180 h npHM. 31, 32.
293 rüiyrapx onpenenneT BparoB h npy3eH pechopMbi He no hx counajib-
HOMy nojio^ceHHio hjih nojiHTHnecKHM B3rjiflnaM, a no B03pacTy. 3to
pa3nejieHHe rpaxcaan Ha noöponeTejibHyio MOJionexcb h KoppyMnu-
pOBaHHblX CTapHKOB, 6e3 COMHeHHH, OTpaXCaeT, C OHHOH CTOpOHbl,
MopajiH3aTopcKHH B3rjuiH Onjiapxa, a c npyroii cToponbi, HBjmeTCB
pe3ynbTaTOM (JjaKTHnecKoro nojioxceHHn Bemeit: cnapTaHCKaa mojio-
Hexcb B cHjiy CBoeii mojiohocth h nojiyneHHoro b niKOJie ctohkob oöpa-
30BaHHH öbuia öojiee nonroTOBJiena k BOcnpHHTHio hobmx rweir.
294 06 ocoöom nojioxceHHH xceHmHH b CnapTe h hx HMymecTBeHHbix npa-
Bax cm. npeKpacHyio cTaTbio: AndpeeeK9. B. CnapTaHCKan raHeKOKpa-
THH. C. 44—62.
295 Ct. Xohkhhcoh npennojioxcHJi, hto cnapTaHCKHe ^cemnHHbi BJiaae-
jiH TeMH xce caMbiMH HacjieHCTBeHHbiMH npaßaMH, KOTopbie hjih V b.
3a(J)HKCHpOBaHbI B TopTHHCKHX 3aKOHaX, TO eCTb npaBOM Ha nOJIOBH-
ny HOJiH, npeHHa3HaneHHOH cbiHy, TaKHM oöpa30M, no ero MHeHHio,
cnapTaHCKHe xceHiiiHHbi ocTaßajiHCb HacjiezmHuaMH naxce npn Haim-
HHH cbiHOBeii (HodkinsonSt. Inheritance, Marriage and Demography...
P, 82).
274______________________________flpeBHHH CnapTa yi ee repon
296 CartledgePSpawforthA. Hellenistic and Roman Sparta. P. 43.
297 Ibid. P. 46.
298 rioHTH bo Bcex Kpn3ncHi ix cHTyaiiH$ix cnapTaHnw, KaK npaBHJio,
oöpamajmcb hmchho b ¿lejib^bi. CjiynaH oöpameHHH k ¿tpyrnM npo-
pimajimnaM pe^KH.
299 TajiaMH — oömmra nepneKOB Ha boctohhom nodepexbe MecceHCKo-
ro 3ajiHBa.
300 no CBKcaeTejibCTBy nnyrapxa, JlnKypr pa3nejiHJi bcio 3eMJiio Ha TpHjx-
liaTb TbICHH paBHblX KJiepOB IXJVl nepneKOB H .KeBHTb TblCüH — Ä7IH cnap-
TaHCKHX ceMen (Lyc. 8). 3xn nn(|)pbi poBHO b abz pa3a öojibine, neM
npe/yiaraa Athc. TaKoe öyKBajibHoe coBnaneHne, kohchho, Bbi3biBa-
JIO H BbI3bIBaeT CHJIbHbie COMHeHHH B ayTeHTHHHOCTH flaHHblX njiy-
rapxa. yIpoT nbixajicn aoxa3aTb, nxo npe^aHHe o paBHOM pac-
npenejieHHH 3eMJin öbuio H3mbinmeHneM, poähbhihmck He paHee III b.
b cpezie CTopoHHHKOB pe^opM Araca h KneoMena (Grote G. History
of Greece. 2nd ed. Bd. II. New York, 1859. P. 399 f.). Ta ;sce xonKa
3peHHH He pa3 noBxopfljiacb b aHrao-aMepHKaHCKon ncTopnorpa-
4 nn XX b. TaK, no mhchhio n. KopTiinzoKa, coxpaHeHHoe njiyrap-
xom npenaHne o JlmcyproBOM nepeaene 3eMJin npencTaBJiaeT coöon
He 6ojiee neM odpamyio npoeKnmo arpapHbix pec£ opM Arnca h Kjie-
oMeHa (CartledgeP. Sparta and Lakonia... P. 169).
301 HecMOTpa na CTapaHna yneHbix, uhi TaK h He HMeeM tohhoxo oxBeTa
Ha Bonpoc, hto co6oii npejtcTaBjuuia Ta «rpaxotaHCKaa 3eMJia», o koto-
poii TOBOpHT nOJIHÖHH. B CaMOM OÖIIteM npHÖJIIOCeHHH M03KH0 TOJlb-
KO cKa3axb, hto noa rpaaotaHCKon 3eMJien, no-BnnHMOMy, Ha,ao noHH-
MaTb 3eMJiio, nojiHOCTbio KOHTpojtHpyeMyio rocyaapcTBOM. B KanecTBe
xaKOBon OHa b jiioöyjo MHHyry Morjia 6biTb KOH J ncKOBaHa ajw hobo-
ro nepenejia. K co^cajieHHjo, hctohhhkob, xotb KaK-TO npojiHBaio-
mnx CBeT Ha 3eMejibHbifi Bonpoc b CnapTe, oneHb Majio, n aaxte Te,
^TO HMeiOTCH, He nojWdlOTCn 0AH03HaHH0My TOJIKOBaHHK).
302 Oliva P. Sparta and her social Problems. P. 222, n. 3.
303 3eMJiH nepneKOB, ocoÖeHHO 6jih3KO pacnoJioxceHHbie k CnapTe,
CTajin CKopee Bcero oGbcktom CKynKH ajih HMymen nacrn cnapTaH-
neB. CorjiacHO Tpa^nirnn, nponecc HaKoruieHHH aonojiHHTejibHon
3eMeJibHOii coöcTBeHHOCTH HanajiCH yxce bVb., ycKOpnjicn no okoh-
naHHH nejionoHHeccKon BonHbi, a k III b. npHBeji k KaTacTpo4 nne-
cKOMy HepaBeHCTBy b noxo^ax cnapraaTOB. JlerajibHoe HHBecTHpoBa-
HHe KanHTajioB b 3eMJiio nyreM npnoöpeTeHna HecKOJibKnx ynacTKOB
h o6pa30BaHne H3 hhx oöumpHbix «jiaTH(J yH2XHH» no3Bo;iHJio öoraTbiM
cnapTHaTaM norme pxcnBaTb cboio xch3hb na oneHb bhcokom ypoBHe.
304 Ho arors eme cymecTBOBario no KpaftHen Mepe bo BTopoii nojioBH-
He IV b. 06 3TOM CBHneTeJibCTByioT ApHCTOTenb (Pol. IV, 7, 5, 1294b
23—25) n IIJiyTapx. nocneaHnn npnBonnT onem HHTepecHbin cJ aKT:
flpHMeM3HHH ______________________________________________275
3(J)op 331/330 r. 3xeoioi oTKa3ajica naxb b 3ajioxHHKH MaicenoHCKOMy
no/iKOBonuy AHTHnarpy nHXbnecax cnapTaHCKHX ManbHHKOB na tom
ocHOBaHHH, nxo xorna ohh ocxaHyxca «6e3 npHHHToro y cnapxaHijeB
c npanenoBCKHX BpeMCH oöpa30BaHHH» h b pe3yjibTaTe «He CMoryT
CTaTb rpa^aHaMH» (Mor. 235b).
305 CartledgePSpawforthA. Hellenistic and Roman Sparta. P. 42.
306 Bo3MOvKho, 3to yronHeHHe öbuio BHeceHO IIjiyTapxoM (hjih OHJiap-
xom) nna öojibinero npaMaxmecKoro 3(J)4)eKxa h Moacex He cooxßex-
CTBOBaTb neHCTBHTeJTbHOCTH.
307 «Ha ocHOBaHHH onHoro npeBHero 3aicoHa, 3anpemaBinero repaKJiH-
naM npH^CHBaxb nexeii c nyxcecxpaHKoii m rpo3HBHiero eMy cMep-
xbio, ecjiH oh noKmxaex Cnapxy, hxoöbi nocejmxbca b npyroii cxpaHe»
(Plut. Agis 11). nnyrapx — euHHCTBeHHbiH aBxop, Koxopbiii ynoMH-
Haex o nonoÖHOM 3aK0He. CKOpee Bcero penb Morjia häxh hc CTOJibKO
o nncaHOM 3aKOHe, CKOJibKO o mhoroßeKOBOh npaKXHKe, Bmicbißaio-
meftcH b oöiityio KOHiiemrmo KceHenacHH. JleoHHn, npoBenniHH mho-
rue ronbi 3a rparomeii, cxaji ntra cnapxaHixeB Hyxce3eMixeM, k Koxopo-
My no3BOJiHxe;ibHO öbuio npuMenuxb, nycxb h b HCKaxceHHoil 4 opMe,
ocBHmeHHyio eine JlHKyproM HopMy. /iHcjDcjmMamiH JleoHüaa CKOpee
Bcero npoxonHJia b paMKax hmchho xaKoii «hoboh» KOHixemtHH Kce-
HejiacHH. Xoxa xox 4)aKX, hxo JleoHHn HMeji xceHy He cnapxaHKy h naxce
He rpe^aHKy, He noMemaji eMy b 252 r. 3aHHXb npecxoji. B xox momchx
Ha xaKyio «Menow He oöpaxHJtH BHHMaHHa. Ho npH ocxpOH napxHH-
hoh öopböe b xon uuiH jnoöbie apryMeHXbi, cnocoöHbie CKOMnpoMe-
xnpoßaxb npOXHBHHKa.
308 jjojira y HMymeii *iacxH cnapxHaxoß öbuih pe3yjibxaxoM pocxoniHoro
oöpa3a XCH3HH. OHJfiapx naex onncaHHe noporocxonmHx nnpOB, koxo-
pbie ycxpaHBaiiH öoraxbie rpaxcnaHe (FHG I. 346).
309 3xo e^HHCXBeHHaa naxa napcxBOBaHHa Araca, Koxopan MO^cex öbixb
onpeneneHa c nocxaxoHHOH cxeneHbio to^hocth.
310 Africa Th, Phylarchus, Toynbee, and the Spartan Myth // Journal of the
History of Ideas. Vol. 21. 1960. No. 2. P. 267.
311 ShimronB. Polybius and the Reforms of Cieomenes III // Historia. Bd.
13. 1964. No. 2. P. 148 f.
312 KomeneuKO T. A, McxoHHHKOBeneHHe iJpeBHeh rpeuHH (snoxa 3Jdih-
HH3Ma) / non pen. B. H. Ky3HmHHa. M., 1982. C. 105.
313 Oliva P. Sparta and her social Problems. P. 210; 216; 243; CartledgeP
SpawforthA, Hellenistic and Roman Sparta. P. 49 if.; KoiueneHKoT,A,
rpeiiHH b 3juiHHHCxHHecKyK) 3noxy. C. 141 — 185.
314 OopManbHO b 3xom He 6buio Hunero npoxHB03aKOHHoro, xoth mm
He 3HaeM 6onbme cnynaeB bpaxos Me^ny npencxaBHTenHMH AmanoB
h EßpHnoHXHnoB. Bhahmo, nße napCKHe nHHacxHH no sxoro HHKorna
He 3aKJnonajiH Mexcny coboii GpanHbix cok)30b.
276______________________________fípesHpfl Cnapra a ee repo a
315 Ero oco6biíí HHTepec Bbipa3HJicn b HanHcaHHM ¿myx TpaKTaTOB, nocBH-
meHHbix cnapraHCKOH TeMarioce; «O cnapraHcxoM rocynapcTBeHHOM
ycTpoHCTBe» H «O JlHKypre h CoKpaTe», o hcm cooömaeT JÍHoreH
JlaapTCKHÜ (II —III BB. H.3.) B CBOCM COHHHeHHH «O XCH3HH, yneHHHX
H H3peHeHMHX 3HaMeHHTbIX 4)HJIOCO(J)OB» (VII, 178).
316 Oähhm H3 caMbix 6ojibuiHx £HiuioMaTHHecKHX ycnexoB AxeücKo-
ro coK)3a öbuio npHcoemmeHHe ÖJiaronapn corjiameHHio c THpaHOM
MeraJiononn JIunnanoM apKancKoro ueHTpa Merajiononn, nTo npHBe-
jio K oöocTpeHHio conepHiraecTBa AxeíicKoro coio3a h CnapTbi. Jlnnn-
an, Bbi6paHHbiíí cTpaTeroM Axencxoro coi03a Ha 234/233 r., Bbicrynaji
3a HeMeaneHHoe Hanajio BoeHHbix neiicTBHH nporaB CnapTbi (Plut.
Arat. 30, 5). Cirryamra nim CnapTbi ocjio^cHHJiacb eme öojibme, Koma
TpH BaxcHbix nejionoHHeccKHX noimca — Aproe, cpjmyHT h IepMH-
OHa — npHcoeziMHHjmcb k Axchckoh (JienepanHH. TaKHM oópa30M,
CnapTa OKa3aJiacb OKpyxceHHoíi n c 3anana, h c ceBepa HiieHaMH Bpaxc-
Ztebnoro en coK 3a. HmuioMarmecKHM ycnexoM CnapTbi öbuio cf op-
MHpoBaHHe aHTMaxeHCKoro Gnoita, Kyna bouijio HecKOJibKO apKancKHX
ropOUOB, ÓbIBIIIHX C0I03HHK0B 3tOJIHH, — H Cpe^H HHX MaHTHHefl,
Terea n OpxoMeH. Boíma, KOTopaa nojiynmia b HCTOpnn HanMeHOBa-
hhc KjieoMeHOBOH (229—222 rr.), Hananacb co CTOiiKHOBeHHa Cnap-
Tbi H Merajionoaa.
317 3aztojiro no KaeoMeHa ypoBeHb Mopaira b oömecTBe yxe 6bui tbkob,
hto B3aTKH 6pa/m He oxnejibHbie hhhobhhkh, a uejibie KoinierHH nyrb
jm He B nojiHOM cocTaBe, b tom nnciie h Kojuieraa 3 J opoB (Arist. Pol.
II, 6, 14, 1270b). MonejinpyeMaa ApHCTOTejieM CHTyauHa, Korna aeT-
Bepo 3 jx)poB H3 naTH nonymum neHbra 3a npenaTejibCTBO HHTepecoB
ponHHbi, He Moma nopa3HTb BooöpaxceHHe rpexoB. ApHCTOTeab, bhah-
mo, 3Haa He oziHH cjiynan KOppynnnn b epene 3(| opOB h cnnTaji oto
aBaemie oöbiHHbiM ana coBpeMeHHon eMy CnapTbi.
318 BacwibeecKuüB.F IIoaHTnaecKaa pe(J opMa n coiiHajibHoe aenxceHne
B/IpeBHen rpemra b nepnon ee ynanKa. CII6., 1869. C. 269.
319 TaK, HanpHMep, nojiHOCTbio onpaBAbraaeT KneoMeHa H3BecTHbin 6pn-
TaHCKHH 3JUIHHHCT YnjibaM TapH (Tam JV. Cleomenes III of Sparta and
the Revolution // CAH. Vol. VII. Cambridge, 1927. P. 753).
320 BemmcoH r. IIpaBHTejm anoxn 3jniHHH3Ma. M., 1982. C. 204; Shimron B.
Some Remarks on Phylarchus and Cleomenes III // Rivista di Filologia
e di Istruzione classica. Vol. 94. 1966. P. 456; OlivaP. Sparta and her
social Problems. P. 241.
321 Oliva P. Sparta and her social Problems. P. 242.
322 BoeHHaa KaMnaHna 227 r. oKa3anacb hjih KneoMeHa ycneuiHOH; oh
o^ep^xaji 3HanHTejibHyio no6eny Han axeñnaMH non MeranonojieM
H 3axBaTHJi HecKOJibKO apKancKHX roponoB, bxoahiuhx b Axeftcicyio Jiwry.
npuMenaHMfl__________________________________________________277
323 TaKOH BbiBo# MO^KHO eueJiaTb Ha ocHOBaHHH yKa3aHHH njiyrapxa, mto
npH Arace B CnapTe 6buio okojio cTa noßoöHbix ceMeii (Agis 5, 6—7).
324 Tam W. Cleomenes III of Sparta and the Revolution. P. 754.
325 EemmcoHT IIpaBHTejiH anoxH 3JüiHHH3Ma. C. 217.
326 B Eojibihoh peTpe, caMOM paHHeM kohcthtyuhohhom aKTe, nie c(J)op-
MyjiHpoBaHbi 3aKOHbi JlHKypra (Plut. Lyc. 6, 2—3), 3(J)opaT He $nry-
pHpyex. MHeHne 06 3 J)opaTe KaK HHCTmyre, B03HHKineM nocjie
JlHKypra h HHKaK He cBH3aHHOM c sthm BejiHKHM 3aKOHoti;aTejieM,
yate B IV B. BocnpHHHMajiocb KaK caMOoueBH£HbiH 4 aKT. Pacnpo-
cTpaHeHHio H yxopeHeHHio 3Toro HeMajio cnocoöcTBOBajin cnapTaH-
cKne itapH, KOTopbie öhjih xchbhchho 3aHHTepecoBaHbi b tom, htoöh
JIHIHHTb 3(i)OpaT OpeOJia CBHTOCTH H HenpHKOCHOBeHHOCTH, OÖbHBHB
ero HHCTHTyroM, hhkbk He CBH3aHHbiM c ÜHKyproM.
327 CnapTaHCKHe uapH h hx öjnracaHiiiHe po/tcTBeHHHKH öbijih Hanöojiee
COCTOHTeJIbHHMH JIIOJXbMH B CnapTe. TOMy CBHUteTeJIbCTBO — 6oJIb-
niHe iHTpa(J)bi, k KOTOpbiM hx uacTO npHcyxßajm (Thuc. V, 63; Diod.
XII, 78; Schol. ad Aristoph. Nub. 858 f.). IIlTpac^bi öbum, Beponrao,
copa3MepHbi hx cocTOHHHK). B anoxy 3JuiHHH3Ma CnapTaHCKHe nap-
CKHe £OMa OÖjiatiaJIH TBKHMH (J)HHaHCOBbIMH B03M02KH0CTHMH, hto
MorjiH Ha coöcTBCHHbie cpeÄCTBa npOBonHTb noporocTOHmne pec^op-
Mbi. TaK, HanpHMep, Athc IV bhcc b c|)ohjx pe(J opM, KpoMe hgrbwxlh-
Moro HMymecTBa, HeBepoHrayio äjih nacTHoro uejioBeKa cyMMy — 600
TajiaHTOB (Plut. Agis 9).
328 ShimronB. Polybius and the Reforms of Cleomenes III. P. 153.
329 Penb KuteT o nepeßoopy^ceHHH cnapraHCKOH apMHH no MaKenoHCKo-
My o6pa3ny. B npyrnx rpeuecKHX nojiHcax MaKenoHCKHH ran opyacna
npHMeHHJiCH y Ke #aBHO, TaK hto h Tyr KOHcepBaraBHaa CnapTa 6e3~
HaaexHo oTCTana.
330 He HCKJIIOHeHO, HTO OHH ÖblJIH He3aKOHHbIMH CbIHOBbHMH JleoHHua
H eUHHOKpOBHblMH ÖpaTbHMH KjieOMCHa.
331 CartledgeP., SpawforthA. Hellenistic and Roman Sparta. P. 52.
332 Topo# CnapTa bo3hhk H3 cjihhhhh neTbipex ¿tepeBCHb (06), k hhm
HeCKOJIbKO n035Ke npHCOejtHHHJIHCb AMHKJlbl, CTaB nHTOH OÖOH.
333 CartledgePSpawforthA. Hellenistic and Roman Sparta. P. 52.
334 üaHHbiii TepMHH M02KH0 nepeßecTH KaK «oxpaHHTejiH HacjteacTBeH-
Horo 3aKOHa h nopmuca».
335 CartledgePSpawforthA. Hellenistic and Roman Sparta. P. 51.
336 Tam W. Cleomenes III of Sparta and the Revolution. P. 754; CartledgeP
SpawforthA. Hellenistic and Roman Sparta. P. 52.
337 TepycHB B CnapTe phmckoto nepHoaa öbuia cymecTBeHHo orpaHHHe-
Ha B cbohx npaßax h bo3Moxchocthx. Hh o Kaxon He3aBHCHMo nojiH-
THKe yxce He MorJio öbiTb h penn. KaK npaßtuio, repycHH tjeftcTBOBa-
278_______________________________flpeBHqq CnapTa n ee repon
Jia B TaiigeMe c npyrnMK opranaMn BJiacra, bxorx b co3aaHHbiH npn
axetaax o6,i eg;HHeHHi iH cobct.
338 Oliva P. Sparta and her social Problems. P. 246, n. 2.
339 CmoeC.K. Axchckhh C0103. C. 112 cji. h npHM. 52—55.
340 Cu3oeC.K. AxencKHÄ C0I03. C. 119.
341 CartledgeP., SpawforthA. Hellenistic and Roman Sparta. P. 53.
342 Ha nocjieAHeM 3Tane öopböbi c Ahthxohom KjieoMeH üoctohhho
HcnbiTbiBaji HegocxaTOK cpegcTB. no cjioßaM njiyrapxa, «oh öbiji yxe
egßa cnocoöen rmaTHTb ^cajioßaHbe HaeMHHKaM h gaBaTb cogep^tcaHHe
rpa^cgaHaM» (Cleom. 27, 4—5).
343 BojibHiHHCTBO HcxopHKOB üOHHMaioT TCKCT njiyTapxa oaH03Han-
Ho — KjieoMeH ocBoöoguji mecTb Tbicnn hjiotob h o/my xpexb H3 hhx
3aHHCJiHJi B cbok) apMHio. T. A(| pHKa nojiaraex, nxo npaKXHraecKH see
3XH 3KC~njioTbi BCKOpe norHÖjm B ÖHTBe npH CejiJiacHH {Africa Th.
Cleomenes III and the Helots. P. 5). Ho cymecxßyeT u jxpyrax HHTep-
npeTanHH, B03HHKinaa H3~3a HeKoxopon gßycMbicjieHHocxH xeKcxa
IlJiyrapxa. Tax, HanpHMep, Mopnc /Joöbe yBepeH, hto gße thch^h
ronjiHXOB, Boopy^ceHHbix no MaicegoHCKOMy oöpa3uy, He öbijih hjio-
xaMH. Oh nojiaraex, hto hjiotbi hhkbk He MorjiH oöjiagaxb gocTaxon-
HblMH HaBblKaMH, ITOÖbl ÖbIXb HeMegJieHHO 3aHHCJieHHbIMH B apMHK).
B Kanecxße eme ogHoro apryMeHxa oh yKa3bißaex Ha xo, nxo hh ITjiy-
xapx, hh riojiHÖHH cpegH KOHXHHreHxoB, ynacxByjomHx b önxBe npn
CejiJiacHH, ne ynoMHHaiox bohhob-hjiotob (DaubiesM. C16om ne III,
les hilotes et Sellasie // Historia. Bd. 20. 1971. No. 5/6. P. 666 ss.).
344 HeMHorHM paHee, b 240 r., aTOjminibi yßejiH b paöcxBO H3 JlaKOHHH
50 xbic5i^ HjioTOB (Plut. Cleom. 18, 3).
345 no-BHgHMOMy, nepBbiM cnapxaHCKHM rocygapcxBeHHbiM geaxerreM,
Koxopbiii npoßeji niHpoKOMacmxaÖHyK) KaMnaHHio no ocBoöo^cge-
HHiO HJIOTOB, 6bIJI THpaH HaÖHC (206—192). OCBOÖOyKReHHblM HJIO-
TaM oh npegocTaBHJi BO3M0XH0cxb 5KeHHXbcii Ha xeHax h jxonepgx hx
öbiBHiHX rocnog (XVI, 13, 1). no cjioßaM ApHOJibna Tohhöh, «Ha6nc
yMeHbiUHJi HHCJio HJIOTOB go uH(J)pbi, npn KOTopoH HJioTHH nepecTajia
öbiTb cepbe3HOH couHajibHOH H nojiHTHHecKOH npoöJieMOH gjiH cnap-
TaHCKoro rocygapCTBa» (Toynbee A. Some Problems of Greek History.
P. 203).
346 PiperL J. Spartan Helots in the Hellenistic Age // AS. 15—17.
1984-1986. P.75-88.
347 MaccoBbie ManyMiiccHH, Bbi3BaHHbie aKCTpaopaHHapHbiMH o6cto-
BTejibCTBaMH, 6 bum xapaKTepHbi He tojibko äjiä CnapTbi. A J HHbi,
HanpHMep, b KOHiie nejionoHHeccKOH bohhbi, npeöbiBan b coctoh-
hhh KpaHHeft BoeHHoit onacHocTH, öbuiH BbiHy KgeHbi npHÖerHyTb
k HCKjnoHHTejibHoh Mepe — npH3BaTb paöoB bo 4 jiot, a nocjie no6e-
gsr gapoBaTb km cboöogy (Xen. Hell. I, 6, 24).
ripi/iMeHaHi/m _________________________________________________279
348 BelochK.J. GG. 2. Aufl. Bd. IV, 1. Strassburg, 1925, S. 715, Anm. 1.
349 ChrimesK.M. T. Ancient Sparta. P. 40.
350 CartledgeP., SpawforthA. Hellenistic and Roman Sparta. P. 56.
351 TalbertR. The Role of the Helots in the Class Struggle at Sparta. P. 37.
352 OMTHpoBKe 6htbm H BeenKjieoMeHOBOH bohhbi cm.: Cu306C.K. Axeii-
ckhft C0I03. C. 164 cji., npHM. 51; Oliva P. Sparta and her social Problems.
P. 262 h n.2.
353 CartledgeP., SpawforthA,. Hellenistic and Roman Sparta. P. 53.
354 Africa Th. Phylarchus, Toynbee, and the Spartan Myth. P. 267.
355 Ibid.
356 CrmcoK B3KT H3 kh.: EutcepMaH 3. XpoHOJioma npeBHero MHpa. M.,
1975. C. 194.
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Pečatnova, Larisa Gavrilovna |
| author2 | Tibilova, Irina Konstantinovna 1952- |
| author2_role | ill |
| author2_variant | i k t ik ikt |
| author_GND | (DE-588)138764425 |
| author_facet | Pečatnova, Larisa Gavrilovna Tibilova, Irina Konstantinovna 1952- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Pečatnova, Larisa Gavrilovna |
| author_variant | l g p lg lgp |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV043820901 |
| ctrlnum | (gbd)1082013 (OCoLC)964507623 (DE-599)BVBBV043820901 |
| era | Geschichte v560-v192 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte v560-v192 |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Sparta (DE-588)4056054-5 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Sparta |
| id | DE-604.BV043820901 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T07:35:58Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9785916783346 |
| language | Russian |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-029231903 |
| oclc_num | 964507623 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 279 Seiten Illustrationen |
| psigel | gbd_4_1611 |
| publishDate | 2016 |
| publishDateSearch | 2016 |
| publishDateSort | 2016 |
| publisher | Izdatelʹstvo "Lomonosovʺ" |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Istorija. Geografija. Ėtnografija |
| spelling | Pečatnova, Larisa Gavrilovna Verfasser aut Drevnjaja Sparta i ee geroi Larisa Pečatnova ; illjustracii Iriny Tibilovoj Moskva Izdatelʹstvo "Lomonosovʺ" 2016 279 Seiten Illustrationen txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Istorija. Geografija. Ėtnografija Text russisch Kyrillische Schrift Geschichte v560-v192 gnd rswk-swf Sparta (DE-588)4056054-5 gnd rswk-swf Sparta, 750 - 500 v. Chr. (DE-2581)TH000003519 gbd Sparta (DE-588)4056054-5 g Geschichte v560-v192 z DE-604 Tibilova, Irina Konstantinovna 1952- (DE-588)138764425 ill Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029231903&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029231903&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Pečatnova, Larisa Gavrilovna Drevnjaja Sparta i ee geroi |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4056054-5 |
| title | Drevnjaja Sparta i ee geroi |
| title_auth | Drevnjaja Sparta i ee geroi |
| title_exact_search | Drevnjaja Sparta i ee geroi |
| title_full | Drevnjaja Sparta i ee geroi Larisa Pečatnova ; illjustracii Iriny Tibilovoj |
| title_fullStr | Drevnjaja Sparta i ee geroi Larisa Pečatnova ; illjustracii Iriny Tibilovoj |
| title_full_unstemmed | Drevnjaja Sparta i ee geroi Larisa Pečatnova ; illjustracii Iriny Tibilovoj |
| title_short | Drevnjaja Sparta i ee geroi |
| title_sort | drevnjaja sparta i ee geroi |
| topic_facet | Sparta |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029231903&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029231903&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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