Dystopia: a natural history: a study of modern despotism, its antecedents, and its literary diffractions
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Oxford
Oxford University Press
2017
|
| Ausgabe: | First edition |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Klappentext |
| Beschreibung: | Hier auch später erschienene, unveränderte Nachdrucke |
| Beschreibung: | x, 556 Seiten Illustrationen |
| ISBN: | 9780198785682 9780198820475 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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Table of Contents
List of Illustrations xi
PARTI. THE THEORY AND PRE-HISTORY
OF DYSTOPIA
1. Rethinking the Political Dystopia: The Group and the Crowd 3
Introduction: Rethinking Dystopia 3
Group Psychology and Dystopia 18
2. Monstrosity and the Origin of Dystopian Space 58
Introduction: Teratology and Dystopia 58
The King of Dystopia: Satan’s Triumphant March 79
PART II. TOTALITARIANISM AND DYSTOPIA
3. The Caveman’s Centuiy: The Development of
Totalitarianism from Jacobinism to Stalinism 113
Introduction 113
The Concept of Totalitarianism 114
The Prototype: Year II of the French Revolution
(September 1793—July 1794) 118
Bolshevik Terror and the Gulag System 128
4. Totalitarianism from Hitler to Pol Pot 177
Nazi Germany and the ‘Final Solution’ 177
China 212
‘Abolish Everything Old’: Cambodia under Pol Pot 219
Eradicating the ‘Other’: Explaining Totalitarian Genocide 236
PART III. THE LITERARY REVOLT
AGAINST COLLECTIVISM
Introduction to Part III 269
5. Mechanism, Collectivism, and Humanity: The Origins
of Dystopian Literature, 1810-1945 273
The Literary Dystopia: Problems of Definition 273
From Satire to Anti-Jacobin Dystopia in Britain 291
Great Britain: Social Darwinism, Eugenics, Revolution, and Mechanical
Civilization, 1870-1914 294
The USA, 1880-1914: Bellamy and His Critics
Britain and the USA: Dystopia Turns towards Science Fiction
Anti-Bolshevism and Anti-Fascism, 1918-1940
Conclusion: The Contours of the Literary Dystopia, 1792-1945
6. The Huxleyan Conundrum: Brave New World as Anti-Utopia
Introduction: The Road to Brave New World
The Book
Science and Brave New World
Huxley and Bolshevism
Huxley and Hedonism: High vs Low Utilitarianism
Huxley after Brave New World
Conclusion
7. Vaporizing the Soviet Myth: Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-Four
Introduction
Prelude
Spain and Socialism
World War II and Socialism
‘Notes on Nationalism5 and Group Identity
Animal Farm
Nineteen Eighty-Four
‘I do not understand WHY5: Interpreting Nineteen Eighty-Four
Nineteen Eighty-Four and Group Identity
Conclusion
8. The Post-Totalitarian Dystopia, 1950-2015
Introduction
The Leading Texts
Thematic Synopsis
Appendix: A Few Words on Film
Conclusion to Part III
Conclusion: Dystopia in the Twenty-First Century
Bibliography
Index
316
333
337
355
357
357
361
365
369
375
378
388
390
390
392
398
402
405
407
409
421
437
445
447
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494
497
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543
Dystopia: A Natural History is the first monograph devoted to the concept of dystopia. Taking
the term to encompass both a Literary tradition of satirical works, mostly on totalitarianism,
as well as reaL despotisms and societies in a state of disastrous collapse, this volume redefines
the central concepts and the chronology of the genre and offers a paradigm-shifting
understanding of the subject.
Part ! assesses the theory and prehistory of 'dystopia'. By contrast to utopia, conceived as
promoting an ideal of friendship defined as 'enhanced sociability’, dystopia is defined by
estrangement, fear, and the proliferation of ‘enemy ’ categories, A 'natural history' of dystopia
thus concentrates upon the centrality of the passion or emotion of fear and hatred in modern
despotisms. The work of Le Bon, Freud, and others is used to show how dystopian groups
use such emotions. Utopia and dystopia are portrayed not as opposites but as extremes on
a spectrum of sociability, defined by a heightened form of group identity. The prehistory of
the process whereby 'enemies' are demonized is expLored from early conceptions of monstrosity
through Christian conceptions of the devil and witchcraft, and the persecution of heresy.
Part !l surveys the major dystopian moments in twentieth-century despotisms, focusing in
particular upon Nazi Germany, Stalinism, the Chinese Cultural Revolution, and Cambodia
under Pol Pot. The concentration here is upon the political religion hypothesis as a key
explanation for the chief excesses of communism in particular.
Part HI examines literary dystopias. It commences well before the usual starting point in the
secondary literature, in anti-Jacobin writings of the 1790s. Two chapters address the main
twentieth-century texts usually studied as representative of the genre, Aldous Huxley's Brave
New World and George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four. The remainder of the section examines
the evolution of the genre in the second half of the twentieth century to the present. |
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| title | Dystopia: a natural history a study of modern despotism, its antecedents, and its literary diffractions |
| title_auth | Dystopia: a natural history a study of modern despotism, its antecedents, and its literary diffractions |
| title_exact_search | Dystopia: a natural history a study of modern despotism, its antecedents, and its literary diffractions |
| title_full | Dystopia: a natural history a study of modern despotism, its antecedents, and its literary diffractions Gregory Claeys |
| title_fullStr | Dystopia: a natural history a study of modern despotism, its antecedents, and its literary diffractions Gregory Claeys |
| title_full_unstemmed | Dystopia: a natural history a study of modern despotism, its antecedents, and its literary diffractions Gregory Claeys |
| title_short | Dystopia: a natural history |
| title_sort | dystopia a natural history a study of modern despotism its antecedents and its literary diffractions |
| title_sub | a study of modern despotism, its antecedents, and its literary diffractions |
| topic | Dystopie Literatur (DE-588)4202262-9 gnd Englisch (DE-588)4014777-0 gnd Totalitarismus Motiv (DE-588)4457564-6 gnd Literatur (DE-588)4035964-5 gnd |
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