Moskva i tatarskij mir: sotrudničestvo i protivostojanie v ėpochu peremen, XV-XVI vv. = "Muscovy and the Tatar world
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Russian |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Sankt-Peterburg
Evrazija
2016
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | Bibliografie S. 314-355 |
| Beschreibung: | 395 Seiten |
| ISBN: | 9785918521557 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 100 | 1 | |a Rachimzjanov, Bulat |d 1976- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)141896892 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Moskva i tatarskij mir |b sotrudničestvo i protivostojanie v ėpochu peremen, XV-XVI vv. = "Muscovy and the Tatar world |c Bulat Rachimzjanov |
| 246 | 1 | 1 | |a "Muscovy and the Tatar world |
| 264 | 1 | |a Sankt-Peterburg |b Evrazija |c 2016 | |
| 300 | |a 395 Seiten | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a Bibliografie S. 314-355 | ||
| 546 | |a Text russisch, Zusammenfassung in englischer Sprache | ||
| 546 | |b Kyrillische Schrift | ||
| 648 | 7 | |a Geschichte 1430-1556 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Tataren |0 (DE-588)4078164-1 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 651 | 7 | |a Goldene Horde |0 (DE-588)4093721-5 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 651 | 7 | |a Moskauer Reich |0 (DE-588)4301291-7 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 651 | 7 | |a Russland |0 (DE-588)4076899-5 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Moskauer Reich |0 (DE-588)4301291-7 |D g |
| 689 | 0 | 1 | |a Russland |0 (DE-588)4076899-5 |D g |
| 689 | 0 | 2 | |a Goldene Horde |0 (DE-588)4093721-5 |D g |
| 689 | 0 | 3 | |a Tataren |0 (DE-588)4078164-1 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 4 | |a Geschichte 1430-1556 |A z |
| 689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
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| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029153944&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Abstract |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804176544554287104 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | OrJIABJIEHHE
BBEßEHHE............................................7
OTPA7KEHHE n03ÄHE30JI0T00PJÜbIHCK0Ä
CHTYAIIHH B TEKCTAX ...............................12
OcHOBHbie HCTOHHHKH (12). HCTOpHOrpa(})HHeCKHH 0030p (19).
rjIABA 1. BbIE3,n,bI TATAP H BOCTOHHAH IIOJIHTHKA
MOCKBbI ...........................................35
§ 1. CTaTyc nepßbix TaTapcKHX BbixoAueB h hx BJiaAeHHH
b Mockobhh (1430-e rr. — 1473 r.)...............35
XIpKejiaji aÄ-ZluH h KepHM-BepAH 6hh ToxTaMbim (36).
yjiyr-MyxaMMeA 6hh MmteAe-XacaH h ero OKpyxceHne.
KacHMOBCKoe xaHCTBO (41). B3aHMonojioxieHHe Mockbm
h TaTapcKoro MHpa: HanaAO TpaHC f)opMau,HH (53).
§ 2. nojiHTHHecKaH ajiHTa Bojitiuoft Opam h KpwMCKoro
xaHCTBa h MocKBa (1470-e — 1530-e rr.)..................56
BojIbLUeopAblHCKHe H KpbIMCKHe nOJIHTHHeCKHe (|)HrypbI
B KOHTaKTaX C MOCKOBCKHM BeAHKHM KHH3eM (1470-e -
Hana.no 1490-x rr.) (58). noTeHUHajibHbie Bbie3Abi H3
BojibixioH OpABi (1490-e — Hana.no 1500-x rr.) (69).
HecocTOHBinHecH sMHrpaHTbi H3 KpbiMa (1516 — 1533 rr.) (76).
§ 3. TarapcKwe lopTw MocKOBCKoro (1473 r. —
1590-e rr.): 9bojik uhh nojumeHHH....................86
MypTa3a 6hh MycTa f a 6hh Yjiyr-MyxaiviMeA h ero lopT b co~
cTaBe Memepbi (86). íOpTbi: 3eMejibHbie BJiaAeHHH b «xany» (88).
Ka3aHCKan sMHrpauHH b MocKOBCKoe rocyAapcTBO. llonbiTKH
HH3BeAeHHH Ka3aHH no CTaTyca mockobckoto BJiaAeHHH (92).
OaKTHHeCKHe 3MHrpaHTbI H3 BoJIbUIOH OpAbl H HX nOTOMKH
(1500-e — 1540-e rr.) (108). AcTpaxancxan SMHrpauHH b Mockobhio
h ee «MecTa» (1540 — 1570-e rr.) (111). TepMHH «cjiy KÓa» b ot-
HOLueHHHX c ÆmyHHAaMH (ll8). PÍ3MeHeHHe CTaTyca KacHMOB-
CKoro xaHCTBa b 1567 r. (124). HoraöcKHe bhxoauh b PoMaHo-
Be (126). AcTpaxaHb h CnÖHpb ksk MocKOBCKHe k pth (132).
Beedenue
395
rjIABA 2. TATAPCKHE AHKJIABbI H nOJIHTHHECKOE
B3AHMOAEHCTBHE ME3KRY MOCKBOft H CTEIIbK).............143
§ L IIojiOiKeHHe TaTapcKHX «mcct» b CTpyKxype
MocKOBCKoro rocy,n,apcTBa.........................144
HacejieHHbie nyHKTbi, KajiyeMbie Bbie3 KeH TaTapcKon 3Ha-
th (144). BoeHHasi, cjmcKaJibHan h aAMHHHCTpaTHBHo-cyAeSHan
BjiacTb TaTapcKOH ajiHTbi na no KajiOBaHHbix TeppHTopunx (158).
3jieMeHTbI aBTOHOMHH M 33BMCHMOCTH B IDCpTHblX TpaMOTaX
BaccajibHbix MocKBe AHHacTOB (170).
§ 2. Memepa naK Tonna nepeceneHHs mockobckoh
H TaTapcKOH nOJIHTHHeCKOH HCTOpHH.............. 176
OpoHTHpHbie 30Hbi Mockobhh (177). Memepa kzk apeaji
Abohhoh iophcahkuhh MocKBbi h KpbiMa (181). Meurepa
Kax MecTo KOHTaKTa MocKBbi h HoraiicKOH OpA^i (188).
§ 3. MapKepbi brjiiohchhocth MocKOBCKoro rocyAapcTBa
B nO3AHe3OJIOT0OpAMHCKyiO nOJIHTHKy.............. 195
Ba3HC h aBO«7ifoUHH oTHomeHHH «OpAa-MocKBa» (195).
MocKBa KaK nacTb nojiHTHHecKOH CHCTeMbi OrenH (201).
HHAHKaTopbi HepaBHonpaBHH Mexmy Mockboh
H TaTapCKHM MHpOM (214).
3AKJIK3HEHHE........................................ 233
nPHMEH AHHH........................ ..................236
H3BPAHHAR BHBJIHOrPAOHfl 314
CnHCOK COKPAIllEHHft 356
IIPHJI02KEHHSI 357
npUAO CeHUe /. XpOHOJIOrHH OCHOBHbIX COfibITHH
Ha TeppHTOpHH n03AHe30J10T00pAbIHCK0r0 npOCTpaHCTBa
UeHTpajibHOH EBpa3HH b XV—XVI bb..................357
npuAoofceuue 2. CjioBapb TepMHHOB ................363
npiiAODfcenue 3. Personalia.......................370
CBEAEHHR OB ABTOPE.................................. 387
SUMMARY...............................................389
“Muscovy and the Tatar world:
Cooperation and Confrontation in the Age of Change,
Fifteenth and Sixteenth centuries”
This book is dedicated to the study of the mutual relations between
Muscovy and the so-called Later Golden Horde states that existed
on the territory of Desht-i Qipchaq (the Qipchaq Steppe, a part of
East European steppe bounded roughly by the Oskol and Tobol rivers,
the steppe/forest line, and the Caspian and the Aral Seas) during the
fifteenth through sixteenth centuries. As a part and later a successor
of a huge empire, the Ulus of Juchi (also known as the Golden Horde),
Muscovy adopted a number of its political and social institutions.
One of the most striking examples in this respect is the institute of
iurt widespread at steppe. The main goal of the book is to reveal the
position of Muscovy within the system of the Later Golden Horde
states. An additional goal is to revisit the role of Tatar khanates (also
known as Later Golden Horde states) in the political history of Central
Eurasia in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries.
Historians of Muscovy commonly portray the period of the fifteenth
and sixteenth centuries as a time of Russian disengagement and
retrenchment, as Muscovite leaders fought to preserve their hard-
won sovereignty in the face of continuous Tatar aggression. Such
portrayals are accurate, but only to a certain extent. The relations
between Muscovy and the Tatar world were very pragmatic; religious
and ‘national’ antagonism played no significant role in their diplomacy.
An illustrative example here is the policy of Russian rulers to entice
the highest Tatar nobility from their native states into Muscovy.
The examination of Tatars residing in Muscovy in the fifteenth and
sixteenth centuries reveals that in practice Muslim Tatars, both elite
and commoners, were not excluded from Muscovite society, but found
positions in it and were treated in a manner similar to that of their
Orthodox brethren.
390
B. P. PaxuM3HHoe. Moctcea u mamapcKUU uup
The collapse of the Golden Horde resulted not only in its
disintegration but also in the formation of new independent states by
its ‘most cultured’ parts. One of the most important consequences of
this process was the foundation of a special Tatar state (the Kasimov
khanate) within the territory of Muscovy. The first immigration wave
of Tatar dynasts into Muscovy in the 1440s initiated a steady influx of
Tatars that by 1600 had led to the resettlement of many male dynasts
and their military retainers and family members in the Muscovite
heartland. In several dozen cases, Tatar khans and sultans,
(princes), mirzas (here, from the Mangyt clan of the Golden Horde
elite), and other dignitaries, along with their retainers, resettled in
the central lands of the grand prince, thereby establishing a special
relationship with the Muscovite ruler and his realm. Russian princes
granted them special lands (to some degree independent principalities;
in the Turkic tradition — iurts) within the territory of Muscovy. There
were many iurts of this kind on the territory of fifteenth-to sixteenth-
century Muscovy: in the towns of Kasimov, Romanov, Kashira,
Zvenigorod, Iur’ev Polskii, Serpukhov, Khotun’, Surozhik, Andreev
gorodok and others.
What was the purpose of such ? Muscovy was gradually
becoming the major political heir of the Golden Horde. Moscow aspired
to imitate the example of this great empire, to follow its model as a
‘beacon’ guiding Moscow to success. Muscovite princes reconstituted
the system, structure, and model of the Golden Horde state. The Golden
Horde united the middle and lower Volga area, the North Caucasus,
the Crimea, the Urals, Khorezm, and a part of Western Siberia. It was
a vast union embracing lands with varying economic, social, cultural
and ethnic conditions. All the Turkic populations in Golden Horde were
united on the same terms, but the Russian lands had a special status.
They constituted a part of the Golden Horde too, but in fact they were
‘a state within a state’. The grand princes of Moscow and Vladimir,
Vasilii II and his son Ivan III, assigned the same role of ‘a state within a
state’ to the Kasimov khanate and also to other Tatar iurts of Muscovy.
In 1445 the Kasimov khanate was founded as a result of an oral
agreement between the exiled khan of the Golden Horde Ulugh-
Muhammad and the Muscovite grand prince Vasilii II. In 1445—1446 the
khan’s sons, sultans Kasim and Jakub, carried out Ulugh-Muhammad’s
policy in the Muscovite grand principality. According to this policy, one
of Ulugh-Muhammed’s sons, Kasim, acquired Meshcherskii Gorodok (a
town later to be as Kasimov) on the Oka River. As a result, the Kasimov
Summary
391
khanate was established. Its foundation was not a voluntary measure of
Muscovite rulers. It was founded basically as a consequence of the
relations between Rus’ and the Golden Horde in general: a new sort
of arrangement took form between Vasilii II and Ulugh-Muhammad,
whereby Juchid kinsmen of the latter resettled in Muscovy for protracted
sojourns. This arrangement between Vasilii II and Ulugh-Muhammad
marked a milestone in Muscovite relations with the Steppe.
By 1473 the son of Vasilii II, Ivan III, had been anticipating the
future arrival of more Juchids. The Muscovites had recognized that
the arrivals of Kasim and his son Daniiar were not isolated or accidental
events. The Golden Horde “had changed.” In confronting these changes,
the Muscovite authorities had clearly decided against the strategy of
aggressive repulsion. They responded to the continual storms in the
Steppe otherwise — by offering their lands as a safe harbor.
By the final decade of the fifteenth century the Steppe Tatar elite
had started to conceive of Moscow as the source of tangible benefits.
Mention was increasingly made — both in petitions originating in
the Steppe and in invitations emanating from Moscow — of territorial
grants to be awarded to Tatar dynasts upon their arrival in Muscovy.
Tatar texts of the investigated period used various terms to refer
to the assigned territories. One of them was vilayat (“territory,
province”). A far more common term, one that was transmitted into
Russian, was iurt (Turkic “yurt”) (“house”). Yet the third term was
Tatar uryn (Turkic “orun”, Russian “mesto” (“place”)). The term
referred to a territory — either sovereign or subordinate — under the
control of a member of the Steppe elite. The term was widely used in
Russian documents. Iurt could refer both a sovereign realm ruled over
by a khan, as in the “Kazanian iurt” or the “Namoganskii iurt” (the
Astrakhan khanate), as well as a distinct subdivision within that realm
(an appanage).
By the first decades of the sixteenth century, Muscovy had come to
be widely recognized among the Steppe elite as a fountain of appanage
iurts, and the grand prince was now seen as a person empowered
to assign them. By mid-century, the grand prince had become quite
accustomed to this role and quite scrupulous about the claimants upon
the iurts. During the latter half of the sixteenth century, when Ivan IV
annexed the Kazan and Astrakhan khanates and he and his son gained
ascendancy over the Siberian realms, Muscovite relations with the rest
of the Tatar world reflect a dramatic elevation of Muscovy’s status
among the Later Golden Horde states.
S Qnmary
B. P. PaxuM3nnoe. MocKea u mamapcKuu Mup
The Kasimov khanate (Meshcherskiy iurt) took a special and very
specific role in the relations between Muscovy and Tatar khanates.
As a kind of frontier zone, it was situated within Muscovy and the
grand prince possessed authority over it, but at the same time, it had
become widely regarded as a Juchid iurt. For instance, in Crimean
eyes, it was an iurt of Gireys and the clan of Shirin — it had become
for some Crimean servitors a home-away-from-home, a colony of sorts,
where they came to serve a Gireiid dynast and enjoy material support
and opportunities for campaigning. Certain of Nur-Daulet’s (initially
a Crimean, then a Kasimov khan) followers moved back and forth
from Meshcherskii Gorodok to the Crimea. This Tatar enclave, and
others as well, had become an integral part of the Steppe appanage
system. Muscovite and Tatar political histories overlapped at this point.
Although the Kasimov khanate was not large in relative size, it figured
very prominently in the relations of Muscovy (Russia) to the Steppe
khanates, such as the Kazan khanate and the Crimean khanate, as
well as the Great and the Nogay Hordes. It, and also other iurts of this
sort, often acted as a bridge between and arbiter of conflict between
Orthodoxy Christians and Muslims.
The existence of such Tatar enclaves within the territory of Muscovy
had an influence on Muscovy’s status within the whole of the Later
Golden Horde space. That is why a full differentiation of Muscovite
and Tatar political history of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries
between two separate parts seems rather incorrect. Muscovy had been
an integral part of the Steppe world, politically and economically, since
its very origin. It remained the same in the fifteenth and sixteenth
centuries.
The most crucial points in the almost six-century-long (thirteenth to
eighteenth) relations between Muscovy and the Tatars were the fact of
the Mongol invasion of North, East and some South Rus’ principalities
between 1237 and 1241, and the fact of the Muscovite annexation of
the Kazan and Astrakhan khanates between 1552 and 1556. According
to this model, initially the Tatar side had been the dominant partner in
these mutual relations; however, from the beginning of the seventeenth
century this role gradually passed to Muscovy.
Markers of former dependent position of the Muscovite grand
principality to the Golden Horde (the Ulus of Juchi) appear constantly
in the course of contacts between Muscovy and Tatar khanates.
But little by little, Muscovy began to claim a higher position in her
relations with the Later Golden Horde states than it initially had. It
Summary
393
used various ways to penetrate the system of the Tatar khanates. And
finally, these efforts succeeded. By the end of the eighteenth century,
with the conquest of the Crimean khanate in 1783, the Russian state
had achieved ascendancy over much of Central Eurasia.
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Rachimzjanov, Bulat 1976- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)141896892 |
| author_facet | Rachimzjanov, Bulat 1976- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Rachimzjanov, Bulat 1976- |
| author_variant | b r br |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV043742238 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)958177165 (DE-599)BVBBV043742238 |
| era | Geschichte 1430-1556 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1430-1556 |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Goldene Horde (DE-588)4093721-5 gnd Moskauer Reich (DE-588)4301291-7 gnd Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Goldene Horde Moskauer Reich Russland |
| id | DE-604.BV043742238 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T07:33:52Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9785918521557 |
| language | Russian |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-029153944 |
| oclc_num | 958177165 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 395 Seiten |
| publishDate | 2016 |
| publishDateSearch | 2016 |
| publishDateSort | 2016 |
| publisher | Evrazija |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Rachimzjanov, Bulat 1976- Verfasser (DE-588)141896892 aut Moskva i tatarskij mir sotrudničestvo i protivostojanie v ėpochu peremen, XV-XVI vv. = "Muscovy and the Tatar world Bulat Rachimzjanov "Muscovy and the Tatar world Sankt-Peterburg Evrazija 2016 395 Seiten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Bibliografie S. 314-355 Text russisch, Zusammenfassung in englischer Sprache Kyrillische Schrift Geschichte 1430-1556 gnd rswk-swf Tataren (DE-588)4078164-1 gnd rswk-swf Goldene Horde (DE-588)4093721-5 gnd rswk-swf Moskauer Reich (DE-588)4301291-7 gnd rswk-swf Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd rswk-swf Moskauer Reich (DE-588)4301291-7 g Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 g Goldene Horde (DE-588)4093721-5 g Tataren (DE-588)4078164-1 s Geschichte 1430-1556 z DE-604 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029153944&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029153944&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Rachimzjanov, Bulat 1976- Moskva i tatarskij mir sotrudničestvo i protivostojanie v ėpochu peremen, XV-XVI vv. = "Muscovy and the Tatar world Tataren (DE-588)4078164-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4078164-1 (DE-588)4093721-5 (DE-588)4301291-7 (DE-588)4076899-5 |
| title | Moskva i tatarskij mir sotrudničestvo i protivostojanie v ėpochu peremen, XV-XVI vv. = "Muscovy and the Tatar world |
| title_alt | "Muscovy and the Tatar world |
| title_auth | Moskva i tatarskij mir sotrudničestvo i protivostojanie v ėpochu peremen, XV-XVI vv. = "Muscovy and the Tatar world |
| title_exact_search | Moskva i tatarskij mir sotrudničestvo i protivostojanie v ėpochu peremen, XV-XVI vv. = "Muscovy and the Tatar world |
| title_full | Moskva i tatarskij mir sotrudničestvo i protivostojanie v ėpochu peremen, XV-XVI vv. = "Muscovy and the Tatar world Bulat Rachimzjanov |
| title_fullStr | Moskva i tatarskij mir sotrudničestvo i protivostojanie v ėpochu peremen, XV-XVI vv. = "Muscovy and the Tatar world Bulat Rachimzjanov |
| title_full_unstemmed | Moskva i tatarskij mir sotrudničestvo i protivostojanie v ėpochu peremen, XV-XVI vv. = "Muscovy and the Tatar world Bulat Rachimzjanov |
| title_short | Moskva i tatarskij mir |
| title_sort | moskva i tatarskij mir sotrudnicestvo i protivostojanie v epochu peremen xv xvi vv muscovy and the tatar world |
| title_sub | sotrudničestvo i protivostojanie v ėpochu peremen, XV-XVI vv. = "Muscovy and the Tatar world |
| topic | Tataren (DE-588)4078164-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Tataren Goldene Horde Moskauer Reich Russland |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029153944&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029153944&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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