Acute emergencies in adolescents:
Gespeichert in:
| Weitere Verfasser: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Elektronisch E-Book |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
[Place of publication not identified]
American Academy of Pediatrics
2015
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Includes index Description based on online resource; title from PDF title page (ebrary, viewed February 12, 2016) |
| Beschreibung: | 1 online resource (267 pages) |
| ISBN: | 9781581108880 9781581109504 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Acute emergencies in adolescents |c Monika K. Goyal, John D. Rowlett, Donald E. Greydanus, guest editors |
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| 500 | |a Description based on online resource; title from PDF title page (ebrary, viewed February 12, 2016) | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Adolescent gynecology | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Adolescent medicine |v Handbooks, manuals, etc | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Goyal, Monika K. |4 edt | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Rowlett, John D. |4 edt | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Titel: Acute emergencies in adolescents
Autor: Goyal, Monika K
Jahr: 2015
CONTENTS
Preface xfii
Adolescent Gynecologic Emergencies 473
Sophia Yen, Monika K. Goyal, Paula Hillard
Adolescent females can present to the emergency department with a
gynecologic emergency resulting from a variety of possible conditions. In
this article we discuss the evaluation and treatment of some of the most
serious and common adolescent gynecologic emergencies, including
ectopic pregnancy, ovarian torsion, pelvic inflammatory disease, and
abnormal uterine bleeding. We also briefly discuss the use of emergency
contraception to prevent unplanned pregnancies. We begin by reviewing
key elements in conducting confidential sexual histories, which is a critical
aspect of the medical evaluation when caring for adolescents, especially
when they present with a potential gynecologic emergency.
Adolescent Male Genitourinary Emergencies 484
Zachary McClain, David L. Bell
Testicular and scrotal concerns are a common topic for discussion during an
adolescent male visit, whether it is in the emergency room or the primary
care clinic. Because the spectrum of conditions that affect the testes and
scrotum can range from the painless and benign to the painful and
emergently devastating, it is paramount that the physician be able to triage
these concerns. The objectives of this article are to discuss the clinical
evaluation and management of the acute scrotum and to provide physicians
with the knowledge needed to differentiate conditions that require patient
reassurance from those requiring acute surgical intervention.
Sports-Related Head Injuries in Adolescents: A Comprehensive Update 491
Alexander D. McGinley, Christina L. Master, Mark R. Zonffillo
Sports-related traumatic brain injuries are common, with an estimated
incidence of 1.6 to 3.8 million annually. Adolescents represent an at-risk
population because of their high rates of participation in sports. Although
viii
VOLUME 26 • NUMBER 3 . DECEMBER 2015
approximately 90% of these injuries are mild, they can still result in
short- and long-term disability. This article reviews the current state of the
rapidly changing field of sports-related head injuries of all severities, with
a particular emphasis on mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and
concussion in adolescents aged 10 to 19 years. The definition, incidence,
epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, management, long-term
sequelae, and prevention of these injuries are discussed.
Sports-Related Sudden Cardiac Injury or Death 507
Elizabeth Anne Greene, Ann Punnoose
Some adolescents are at higher risk for sudden cardiac death or cardiac
injury because of abnormal cardiac anatomy or cardiac conduction system,
and the sports in which they participate. The diagnosis and management
of the cardiac etiologies of sudden cardiac death differ based on the
specific etiology and have evolved over the years with improvements in
diagnostic options.
Approach to the Adolescent with Chest Pain 528
Nadine Smith, Erica Del Grippo, Steven M. Selbst
Adolescents often come to the emergency department (ED) with the
complaint of chest pain. This complaint is not as common as abdominal
pain or headache, however it is a frequent complaint among teenagers.
Many studies have shown that adolescents with chest pain rarely have
serious organic pathology and they infrequently present with significant
distress that requires immediately resuscitation in the ED. However, the
adolescent with chest pain should be taken seriously because underlying
heart disease or other serious pathology can sometimes exist.
Approach to the Adolescent Psychiatric and Behavioral Health Emergency 552
Alessandra Guiner, Harsha Chandnani, David Chao
Over the past 2 decades, there has been increased recognition of
psychiatric and behavioral health problems in adolescents. These trends
have led to a surge in presentations of adolescents with mental health
emergencies to acute care settings. The acute care physician is responsible
for recognizing and managing these adolescents in crisis. Evaluation of
adolescent patients presenting with a psychiatric or behavioral emergency,
trends in substance abuse, medical clearance, management of agitated
patients, management of suicidal patients, and treatment of homeless and
sexual minority youth are discussed.
CONTENTS
ix
Generation Z: Adolescent Xenobiotic Abuse in the 21st Century 570
William Eggleston, Christine Stork
Adolescent abuse of illicit xenobiotics has remained consistent over the
last decade. The emergence of new synthetic and designer xenobiotics,
along with continued use of classic xenobiotics of abuse, has created many
challenges for physicians. Understanding the toxicity of these xenobiotics,
the symptoms associated with their use, and the appropriate treatment
options is necessary for the provision of optimal care in the acutely
intoxicated patient.
Emergency Care of Youth with Social and Environmental Vulnerabilities 589
Dzung X. Vo, Katherine A. Mitchell, Eva M. Moore
Adolescents with social and environmental vulnerabilities are
disproportionately affected by social determinants of health, and they have
special medical and mental health care needs. Emergency care for this
population requires a strength-based, trauma-informed, confidential
approach to care. This article reviews health concerns and considerations
in emergency care and advocacy for 5 populations of vulnerable youth:
(1) immigrant and refugee youth; (2) youth in care (foster or juvenile
justice); (3) lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and questioning youth;
(4) homeless and street-involved youth; and (5) sexually exploited youth.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Adolescent Emergencies 619
Caroline Salas-Humara, Sarah M. Wood, Lawrence J. DAngelo, Nadia
Dowshen
Adolescents are at high risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
infection, and often the emergency department setting is where at-risk and
HIV-infected adolescents are seen as their sole source of care. It is
important to have a high index of suspicion for acute HIV infection and to
consider HIV screening during these evaluations. Physicians must make
every effort to adhere to state policies on HIV testing and to uphold the
adolescent s right for confidential care. If a diagnosis of HIV infection is
made, immediate referral and linkage to care with a physician specializing
in comprehensive HIV care for adolescents and young adults should be
made. Management of the patient infected with HIV should include
evaluation for potential opportunistic infections, immune reconstitution
inflammatory syndrome, and medication side effects, as well as potential
drug interactions in those receiving antiretroviral therapy. Human
X
CONTENTS
immunodeficiency virus postexposure prophylaxis may substantially
reduce the risk of HIV infection and should be recommended if there is
concern for a recent sexual or needlestick exposure. Physicians who see
adolescents in acute care settings are well positioned to have an effect on
the well-being of adolescents both by preventing new infections and by
improving health outcomes for youth living with HIV.
Evaluation and Treatment of the Adolescent Sexual Assault Patient 647
Cynthia J. Mollen, Monika K. Goyal, Jane Lavelle, Philip Scribano
Sexual assault is, unfortunately, a not infrequent occurrence, and
emergency department physicians will certainly care for survivors of
assault during their careers. Caring for an adolescent patient who has
experienced a sexual assault is a complex process that requires cooperation
among medical professionals, the patient and family, child protective
services, and law enforcement. In order to manage the many aspects of
care, including appropriate history taking and physical examination,
documentation, forensic evidence collection, treatment, and reporting, an
emergency department is most ideally staffed with a multidisciplinary
team that can work together to streamline care and minimize stress for the
patient. The care providers should understand key aspects of the forensic
interview; recognize abnormal and normal physical examination findings;
understand the key points of evidence collection; have up-to-date
knowledge on treatment and prophylaxis for sexually transmitted
infections, human immunodeficiency virus, and pregnancy; and be
familiar with local reporting laws. This review highlights each of the
aspects of care for these patients, with an emphasis on the
multidisciplinary nature of the care team.
Update on Meningitis in Adolescents and Young Adults 658
Stephen Thacker, Caroline Cruce, John D. Rowlett
Bacterial and viral (aseptic) meningitis afflict all age groups, especially
adolescents and young adults. New immunizations and therapies are
available that have substantially changed the management of both bacterial
and viral meningitis. This update will review both new vaccines for
preventing bacterial meningitis and new recommendations for older
vaccines, and will provide an overview of common forms of viral (aseptic)
meningitis. New diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for aseptic
meningitis will be reviewed.
CONTENTS
xi
Adolescent Dating Violence in the Emergency Department: Presentation,
Screening, and Interventions 675
Quyen M. Epstein-Ngo, Emily Rothman
Adolescent dating violence (ADV) is a significant public health
concern that is associated with serious consequences, including
psychological distress, injury, future intimate partner violence
involvement, and mortality. Youth seeking treatment in emergency
departments (EDs) report a higher prevalence of ADV than rates
reported from national samples of adolescents. Consequently, ED staff
have a high likelihood of treating youth involved in ADV. This article
provides physicians with relevant background on ADV, associated
risks and consequences, presentation in the ED, and the current state
of the science in terms of screening and interventions for ADV in
the ED.
Syncope in Children and Adolescents 692
Khalil Kanjwal, Sundus Masudi, Blair R Grubb
Syncope is a common clinical condition. It can result from a wide
variety of causes, some of which may result in sudden cardiac death.
Thus, syncope produces tremendous social and emotional challenges
and often times is a source of anxiety for patients, their parents,
teachers, and coaches. Social repercussions of syncope may have more
dramatic effects on children than syncope itself.
As we know children are not merely small adults but differ from
adults, and so do the causes of syncope. In this article we attempt to
outline the causes, evaluation, and management of syncope in children
and adolescents.
Index 713
xii
CONTENTS
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