Res gestae Neptuni filli: Sextus Pompeius i rzymskie wojny domowe
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Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego
2015
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | SPIS TREŚCI
PRZEDMOWA 9
I NARODZINY LEGENDY. SEXTUS W ŹRÓDŁACH
STAROŻYTNYCH 27
RGDA i mit założycielski przywódcy piratów i niewolników 29
Poezja epoki augustowskiej 36
Historiografia epoki przełomu 47
Lucanus, współautor czarnej legendy Sextusa 59
Appianos i Dio 69
II WCZESNE LATA SEXTUSA 77
Sporna data urodzin Sextusa 77
Studiis rudis, sermone barbarus. O wychowaniu
i wykształceniu Sextusa 82
Sextus w czasie wojny farsalskiej 87
III SYNOWIE POMPEJUSZA PO STRONIE REPUBLIKI 97
Wojna afrykańska ^7
Hiszpańska misja Gnaeusa Pompeiusa Młodszego i01
Wojna hiszpańska 114
IV PIUS FILIUS ET FRATER
„Partyzantka
J
Magnus Pius 2
Strategia pietas ^
V OD ID MARCOWYCH DO DRUGIEGO TRIUMWIRATU i49
Tyran nie żyje, niech żyją tyrani...
Sextus z perspektywy Rzymu
Negocjacje
Praefectus classis et orae maritimae ^
7
VI SYCYLIJSKIE „PAŃSTWO” 191
Podbój wyspy 191
Civium defensor 199
Wyzwoliciele 205
Scyllaeum, preludium wojny Oktawiana z Sextusem 208
Po Philippi 215
Sojusznik Antoniusza? 221
Sextus a gospodarka Sycylii 23 5
VII OTOCZENIE SEXTUS A 239
Rodzina 240
Dowódcy floty 249
Dowódcy sił lądowych 265
Uciekinierzy 269
VIII „CZWARTY TYRAN” 275
W kierunku porozumienia 275
Traktat w Misenum 282
Nietrwały pokój 289
IX SUA VOCE. SYCYLIJSKIE MENNICTWO SEXTUS A 297
Spór o datowanie emisji sycylijskich 297
Neptuni filius 303
Pietas 321
X WOJNA SYCYLIJSKA 331
Od Kyme do Tarentu 331
Ostateczne starcie 344
Oktawian i Sycylia 360
XI OSTATNI AKT 365
Uciekinier 365
Ostatnia ofensywa 371
ZAKOŃCZENIE 381
EPILOG 389
SUMMARY 397
WYKAZSKRÓTÓW 405
BIBLIOGRAFIA 409
INDEKSY 431
MAPY 441
ILUSTRACJE 449
8
SUMMARY
The goal of this book is to provide an account of the life of Sextus Pompeius,
the younger son of Pompeius Magnus during the period of the Civil Wars in
the Late Republic. The plot of the monograph resolves around political history
in the years 49-351. It covers the period of the Second Civil War (49-45) and
first part of the Third Civil War (44-35). The main objective was to present the
political events of the period with the participation of Sextus. However the
events are not only “frames” for Sextus activity. I aimed at showing that he was
an independent participant of the competition after Caesar s death (for a short
time even formally recognized by the triumvirs ֊ Treaty of Misenum). In my
deep conviction, without Sextus it is impossible fully to understand the motives
of some important decisions of Antonius and Octavian, and many events of the
Third Civil War, without taking account of the son of Pompeius,2 are devoid
of any realistic chance of allowing a full understanding of the events described.
The ancient sources at our disposal are generally in tone Augustan, which
means that they are at the same time mostly hostile to Sextus. Thankfully when
analysed carefully they also allow Sextus’ point of view to be brought to light.
Thus my task was primarily to change the Augustan perspective for that of
Sextus
The first chapter entitled The Birth of the legend. Sextus in the ancient sources
is fundamental to arguments in the following chapters. I demonstrate in it how
the negative legend of Sextus was formed in the ancient literature. The picture
of Pompeius son as a commander of pirates and slaves was the foundation of
the legend. I reveal how Augustan literature (both poetry and historiography)
played an important role in this process. At the same time I show the crucial
role of Octavian Augustus and his Res gestae divi August/, where the view of
1 If I treat earlier or later events, I do so believing that the narration of the book demands it.
2 Writing Pompeius, I mean Pompeius Magnus, father of Gnaeus and Sextus.
397
SUMMARY
the princeps on Sextus was expressed briefly but clearly. I demonstrate that
the literature written during the Civil Wars and shortly afterwards - though in
major part lost (it concerns mainly historiography) affected later texts. The con֊
tent of the sixth book of Pharsalia by M. Anneus Lucanus shows that in Nero’s
time the “black legend” of Pompeius’ son was already well established. Even
historians writing in the second and third century A.D. (Appianos and Cassius
Dio - our two main sources for the Second and the Third Civil War) were not
free of Augustan influence. In the chapter The Birth of the legend I demonstrate
that many parallels can be drawn between Sextus and Antonius, which inter alia
means the two sharing similar “lots of memory”. I point out that the mechanism
of manipulation Augustus used in the case of Sextus was successfully applied
later in the case of Antonius.
In the second chapter entitled Sextus Early Years, I collect all available sour-
ces for the younger son of Pompeius referring to the period before the Pharsalian
War. I discuss mainly three questions: the date of Sextus birth (I refer also to
Gnaeus’ date of birth), his education, and his role in the years 49-48 and the
reasons for his removal from the Pharsalian War. In the first case I call for the
year of 67. In the second I dispose Velleis Paterculus’ belief that Sextus was
poorly educated and ill-mannered. I do this primarily by reconstructing the
intellectual base of Pompeius’ house and establishing teachers of his children.
The third chapter entitled Pompeius sons on the side of the Republic deals
with the fate of the Pompeii brothers from the treacherous murder of their fa-
ther in Egypt in September 48 to the Battle of Munda in March 45. This is the
period when Sextus remains in the shadow of his older brother. I reveal the role
played by Gnaeus and Sextus in the African War, and in the Spanish War after
the defeat of the Pompeians in the Battle of Thapsos in 46 and Scipios death.
Although after the Battle of Munda Caesar led Gnaeus to death, the events of
the Spanish War showed the huge potential of young Pompeii and his organi-
sational skills (there is no coincidence that two legates of Caesar, C. Carrinas
and C. Asinius Pollio, could not win with Sextus; even Caesar himself departed
Spain in the autumn leaving the issue of Sextus unresolved).
The growing importance of Gnaeus and Sextus in the period of the Span-
ish War discussed in the previous chapter provides good background for the
discussion in the next chapter entitled Pius filius etfrater. After discussing the
consolidation of Sextus’ forces in Spain I turn to his coinage in the province.
In the Spanish period it consisted of silver denarii with a depiction of Pietas and
bronze ases with a depiction of Janus and Pompeius Magnus. I demonstrate how
the concept of pietas erga parentem etfratrem present in Sextus’ coins constituted
his auctoritas based on the association with his own father. I show innovative
398
SUMMARY
elements in Sextus coinage and underline the importance of his cognomen Pius.
I discuss in detail characteristic arrangement of Sextus nomina (Sextus Magnus
Pius) used by him consequently in the later period as well. The chapter is closed
by a deliberation on suigeneris Sextus “strategy ofpietas
The fifth chapter, entitled From Ides of March to the Second Triumvirate,
deals with the events of 44 and 43. Caesars death created a kind of vacuum
that not only Antonius and Octavian tried to fill but also Sextus. Pompeius’ son
was not a passive observer of the events after the dictators death and was not
even considered as such. Thankfully we can complement our two main sources,
i.e. Appianos and Dio, with contemporary evidence, namely Ciceros letters and
his speeches against Antonius. This material clearly shows that Sextus was not
at that time an outsider, and that Antonius proposal from April 44 to normal-
ise relations between him and Sextus was a serious offer calculated to include
Pompeius son within current politics. Due to the outbreak of the Mutine War
Antonius could not realise his plans. But the game took place not only between
the consul and Sextus. The latter became the subject of political efforts from
the Senate, Cicero and Octavian. The finale of these political manoeuvres was
entrusting to Sextus in April 43 the post of praefectus classis et orae maritimae.
I organise the events of the years 44 and 43 to show Sextus role in them. I start
from the reconstruction of the negotiations between Lepidus and Pompeius
son conducted on behalf of Antonius in the spring of 44.1 try to determine the
content of the agreement. I show at the same time the motives which led Sextus
to leave Spain and his status in Gallia Narbonensis. Then I demonstrate how
Sextus became a participant in the political game pursued by the fraction of
the Senate, whose representative was Cicero and show how he came to entrust
Sextus the post of praefectus classis et orae maritimae. I explain why the event
should be seen in the context of the Mutine War. At the same time I reveal how
entrusting Sextus in 43 with wide competences was the foundation of his future
successes at sea.
The sixth chapter entitled The Sicilian State is one of the most extensive in my
book. It begins with a discussion of the conquest of Sicily by Sextus. I propose
my own reconstruction of the time and the course of the events of taking con-
trol of the island by the son of Pompeius. Then I discuss Sextus role during the
period of the proscription proclaimed by the triumvirs in 43. Sicily was one of
the two main directions of escape for fugitives (besides Sextus, they looked for
protection in Brutus and Cassius) and Sextus’ attitude towards the refugees had
a strong political and ideological resonance. For Sextus this “exodus” of refugees
had also a practical aspect because among them there were those who decided
to serve him as commanders and advisers. In this chapter I devote much room
399
SUMMARY
to the Battle of Scyllaeum in 42 fought between Salvidienus Rufus (Octavians
commander) and Sextus. This clash was the beginning of the long-running
conflict between Octavian with Sextus (with short interruptions lasting up to
36). Salvidienus defeat in the Straits of Messina had notable practical but even
greater political effect. I am trying to show also how the battle influenced the
idea of Neptuni filius promoted by Sextus.
An important part of my study is an attempt to determine Sextus’ attitude
to the “liberators” in the years 44-42. At this point, I refer critically to the idea
by Kathryn Welch who postulated the existence of the so-called Republican
triumvirate, which ֊ according to her ֊ would include Sextus, Brtutus, Cassius
and Q. Cornificius. I explain why the concept of cooperation between Pompeius’
son and the “liberators” is incorrect.
One of the most intriguing questions is the status and the scope of Sextus
cooperation with Antonius in the period after the Battle of Philippi and prior
to the Treaty of Misenum. Generally this is overlooked by modern historiogra-
phy. I reconstruct in detail the different phases of this cooperation (e.g. during
the Perusian War and the “Brundisian crisis”). At the same time I demonstrate
that the alliance with Antonius advocated by Sextus (obviously directed against
Octavian) was a kind of raison d etat of the son of Pompeius. I demonstrate in
the following chapters that the regular alliance between the two, although never
realised, remained a strategic goal for Sextus. The sixth chapter is closed by my
remarks on Sextus’ impact on the Sicilian economy.
The next, seventh, chapter is entitled Sextus environment. It combines ele-
ments of prosopographic and historical approach. Instead of a mechanical com-
pilation of source information (with which we deal in Bruno Schor s book), I try
to settle discussed figures in the wider context of political events. The chapter
is divided into sections, which categorise the people around Pompeius son:
Family, Commander of thefleet, Commander of land forces, Refugees.
The “Fourth tyrant” is the eighth chapter in my book. The task that I set my-
self in it was to investigate the events that led to the normalisation of relations
between the triumvirs and Sextus. I show the path that led them to Misenum,
as well as the agreement itself, the effect of which was that the war between
Octavian and Sextus (otherwise formally unspoken) was over, Sextus was ap-
pointed as consul designatus for the year 33 and amnesty for the proscribed was
proclaimed. The Treaty of Misenum contained a number of other arrangements
which I discuss. An important element of my interpretation is establishing the
causes and circumstances of the breaking of the treaty, which resulted in 38
in the renewal of hostilities between Octavian and Sextus.
400
SUMMARY
Chapter nine entitled Sua voce. The Sicilian coinage of Sextus as the title
promises, is devoted entirely to the coinage of Pompeius’ son during the Sicil-
ian period. I adopt a stance in the discussion on the date of the Sextus coins in
the island, which means narrowing the time of their emissions to 42-39 years.
I write why we should not date any Sextus coins after the period of the Treaty
of Misenum. The chapter contains my interpretation of two key ideas present
in the coinage of Sextus, namely the concept of Neptunifilius and the concept of
pietas. I attempt to show the origins of the concept of Neptune s fatherhood in
relation to Sextus. I trace the link between the mentioned concept and political
events (e.g. The Battle of Scyllaeum in 42). Including narrative sources one can
see the reception of the idea of Neptunifilius in Rome and Italy. The second key
idea present in Sextus coinage in Sicily was the concept of pietas. I demonstrate
how Pompeius son developed ideas previously present in his Spanish coinage
and how the “strategy of pietas” became an element of competition between
Sextus and other participants of the Third Civil War (mainly Octavian).
The tenth chapter is devoted to the events of the years 38-37 that preceded the
final clash between young Caesar and Sextus. I treat the so-called Second Battle
of Scyllaeum in 38 and its repercussions, as well as the importance of Octavians
and Antonius’ meeting in Tarentum in 37 for the strategic situation of Sextus.
In the second part of the chapter I discuss preparations for the invasion of the
island, and then the course of the war in the autumn months of 36. At the same
time I try to answer the question about the reasons for Octavians success. I point
to the crucial role of the reorganisation of the naval forces of young Caesar (the
shift of commanders, taking control by Agrippa on the construction of ships,
training of seamen and commanding), and careful planning of the invasion.
Against the previous improvised actions it was an important novelty. Next to
the major events that took place in Mylae, Tauromenium and Naulochos, one
of the most intriguing questions pertains to Lepidus’ role in the events of the
war in 36.1 present his part in Sextus defeat, as well as the course of the quite
mysterious rebellion at Messana triggered by Lepidus.
The last, eleventh, chapter of my monograph is entitled The last act and
affect the most underestimated period in Sextus lifetime and the events with
his participation in Asia Minor in 35. In the first phase of his stay in Asia, the
son of Pompeius had undertaken a number of actions that reinforce my belief
expressed in the book that an alliance with Antonius was Sextus high priority.
In the face of the fiasco of Sextus diplomatic mission to Antonius the second
phase of Sextus stay in Asia is marked by improvised and indeed inconsis-
tent actions. At the end of the eleventh chapter I demonstrate how Antonius
401
SUMMARY
managed to avoid the odium of the killer of Sextus (sources never accused
Antonius of that deed).
Conclusion and Epilogue close my book. In the latter I raise the fascinating
question of the new revelation of Sextus legend during the Middle Ages and
the Renaissance. Two literary masterpieces of these epoques serve as examples:
the Divine Comedy by Dante Alighieri and Antony and Cleopatra by William
Shakespeare.
The findings presented in my book demonstrate that the picture of Sextus as
an adventurer (as Syme called him) in no longer valid. The topos of the leader
of pirates and slave (being the dominant narrative of the Roman Empire period)
finally has been abandoned. The problem is that the rejection of pirate legend
opens the way for the dangerous temptation to make Sextus the last defender
of the Republic. Kathryn Welch chose this route in her monograph about Sex-
tus. I demonstrated why such a hypothesis is highly controversial. The label of
defenders of the Republic to define opposition directed against the triumvirs in
the period of the Third Civil War in my opinion is not useful. It can be applied
to certain figures (e.g. M. Brutus, C. Cassius, L. Staius Murcus), but certainly
does not describe properly Sextus himself. While before the Battle of Munda
in 45 Gnaeus and Sextus acted in the role of defenders of the Republic, because
their stay and activities in Spain were the result of previous actions coordinated
with Scipio, after the Battle of Munda, and especially after Caesars death, Sextus
reconfigured his goals. At that time it meant above all: to survive, look for a firm
point of support, and preferably find allies. Sextus acted pragmatically which
reminds us of the similar modus operandi of Octavian. Both were politicians of
a new type. Astute contemporary and later observers understood it perfectly
(e.g. Lucanus saw it with crystal clarity).
One unfulfilled project of Sextus was the alliance with Antonius (which
otherwise did not take place since the latter was a hostage of the situation in
which he had to act, which resulted a cooperation with Octavian as the only
option if Antonius wanted to avoid open war). But when there was a chance
to normalise relations with both triumvirs (of course Lepidus did not matter),
Sextus did not hesitate to take advantage of this opportunity, which is reflected
later in the agreement in Misenum.
One can find more parallels between Sextus and Octavian, for example the
reliance on the names of their fathers that made their long term conflict a spe-
cific extension of the war between Caesar and Pompeius. The careers of the two
young men, though different in detail, also revealed many common elements.
One can also perform a parallel between Sextus and Antonius. The similarity
does not apply to the characters themselves but the way in which the ancient
402
SUMMARY
literature portrayed the two charismatic leaders. Octavian Augustus used suc-
cessfully the manipulation method to present the events with the participation
of Sextus. Some writers more or less connected with princeps behaved simi-
larly. It seems that at the end of Augustus life the negative topos of Sextus was
pre-established and widely spread. We deal with the same situation in the case
of Antonius. Both Octavians opponents became victims of the Augustan in-
terpretation of the history of the Civil Wars. As the actual course of the Battle
of Naulochos in the sources was gradually erased thus similarly the course of
the Battle of Actium was deformed (or even much more). To see Sextus and
Antonius in a different light, historians have to study exceptionally critically
the preserved sources. It seems that in both cases there is still much to be done.
In my book, very often the attitude and actions of Sextus illuminate the mo-
tives of other protagonists of the Third Civil War. In many case without Sextus
one cannot understand the moves of Octavian, Antonius, Lepidus or others,
even if at first glance some activities are not related to competition between
these leaders. I will use one example. Most historians interpret Octavians mar-
riage with Scribonia, the sister of L. Scribonius Libo as Octavians attempt to get
closer to Sextus. Nothing could be further from the truth. As far as my inter-
pretation is correct, the permanent normalisation of the relations with Sextus
was never on the agenda of activities of the young Caesar, or at least was not his
strategic goal. The marriage with Scribonia was primarily a “message directed
to Antonius. It meant not more or less that Octavian is able not only to forge
an agreement with Sextus but also to create alternative, potentially dangerous,
alliances for Antonius.
In many cases considering Sextus allows us to look from a different perspec-
tive on the seemingly common events and actions of other participants in the
political struggle. For example, we will not fully understand Sextus’ decision to
leave Spain in 44 without taking into account Lepidus negotiation with Sextus,
being in fact a consequence of Antonius5 will. Without the complicated games of
the Mutine War in 43 the appointment of the prefecture of fleet and coastal areas
for Sextus also will be incomplete. Without Scyllaeum we cannot understand
Octavians obsessive desire to defeat Sextus at sea. The picture of the Perusian
War will be also incomplete without Sextus; we need also Pompeius’ son to
understand properly Octavians position in Rome in the years 42-39. Without
Sextus’ coinage we will not notice the subtle phenomenon of political dialogue
between him and the triumvirs (mainly Octavian) and vice versa. Other exam-
ples can be multiplied.
403
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430
INDEKSY
INDEKS OSOBOWY POSTACI HISTORYCZNYCH
Acilius Canininus, M. 88, 259
Aemilius Paulłus, L. (cos. 50) 180-181,199,
217-218, 243
Aemilius Scaurus, M. (pr. 56) 248
Aemilius Scaurus, M. 248-249, 374
Afranius, L. 49, 87,101,108,129
Albius Tibullus 222
Aleksander Wielki 207
Alienus 100, 206
Alighieri Dante 389-391, 395
Ambrosius Theodosius Macrobius 53, 389
Amyntas (król Galatii) 371, 373-374
Annaeus Florus, L. 12, 48, 51-53, 78, 127
129, 244, 257, 290, 313, 365
Annaeus Lucanus, M. 10, 14, 16, 18, 22,
47» 50, 59֊ó9 9i-93 95» 104, 385, 389,
391-392
Annaeus Seneca, M. (filozof) -► Seneka
Annaeus Seneca, M. (retor) 46, 56, 218
Annius Scapula 109,112,114,117-118,123,
142
Antistius Reginus, C. 269
Antistius Vetus, C. 205
Antonius, C. 206, 216
Antonius, L. 224-226, 228, 242, 268
Antoniusz (M. Antonius) 9-11, 13, 16,
18-23, 30-31, 34, 36-37, 39, 41-45, 5°,
52-56, 70-72, 7§ 84, 90, 97-99,132,137,
139-141,149-180,183-185,187-188,191,
195-197,199-201, 208-210, 212-213, 216,
220-234, 242, 244, 246-255, 260-262,
265, 268-271, 275-283, 285-286, 288,
290, 292, 294-295» ЗОО, 308, 310-311,
316-323, 3^6, 328-329» 340-344, 350,
358-359, 362, 365-366, 368-379, 381,384,
386-389, 391-394
Apollonios (filozof) 85
Apollophanes 250, 254-259, 338-339, 344»
348, 360
Aponius, Q. 114,118,142
Appianos z Aleksandrii 10-13,16,19, 28,
33-35» 38-39, 40, 44» 50, 52» 54-56, 69-
75, 79-81, 89, 93, 98,107,112,115,117» 122,
125, 127-130, 149,158,164,167, 170,176,
178,182,186-188,191-192,195-196,199֊
200, 202-203, 207, 209-210, 212-216,
219-220, 222-232, 234, 240, 246-247,
251-255, 257-260, 262-265, 267, 269-271,
275-276, 279-282, 284-294, З05» 312-315,
319, 325, 332-335, 337-343» 346-361, 365-
366, 368-379, 384, 386, 389, 391-394
Appius 346
Appuleius Saturninus, L. 138
Appuleius, M. 205
Arabio (syn Masinissy II) 129
Arguetius 120
Ariobarzanes III (król Kapadocji) 207
Aristarchos z Samotrake 85
Aristodemos (Starszy) z Nysy 85
Aristodemos (Młodszy) z Nysy 85
Attila 390-391
Attius Varus, P. 102,118-119,122
August -► Oktawian
431
INDEKSY
Boccaccio, Giovanni 391
Bogud 111,113,121, 292
Bokchus II (Bocchus) 98,111,122
Caecilius Bassus, Q. 153,159-160, 206, 260
Caecilius Metelius Pius, Q. 77,136,138-139,
141-142,148
[Caecilius Metelius] Pius Scipio, Q. 24, 49,
64, 68, 94-95, 98-104,107-108,112-113,
119,124,142-143.148, 245. 263, 383
Caecillius Metelius, L. 138
Caecillius Metelius Numidicus, Q. 138
Caelius Rufus, M. 98
Callias (wyzwoleniec Antoniusza) 342
Calpurnius Bibulus, M. 107
Calpurnius Piso, Gn. 144
Calpurnius Piso Caesoninus, L. 86,152,
205
Calpurnius Salvianus 109
Calvisius Sabinus, C. 187,254-255, 257-258,
331-335. 338-339. 344
Caninius Rebilus, C. 123, 244
Carrinas, C. 53,129-130,135. i57.171
Cassius Dio 10-12,16,19, 22, 28, 34-35,
39. 44. 54-56, 69, 72-75. 88, 90-91. 95.
99-101,103-104,107-108,111-113,115,
117-119.121.124-125.130-131.147.158,
164,165,167-170,177-178,182-196,199-
200, 203, 208-213, 217. 219. 221. 223-225,
229, 231-232. 234. 240. 250-255. 258-259.
262-263, 278-279, 282-283, 285-286,
291-294, 309, 311-314. 3i6 320-321. 323-
324, 332-333. 338-339. 343-347. 349-350,
352. 355-357. 359-361, 365. 369-370,375-
378, 391
Cassius Longinus C. 12, 20, 24-25, 30,
36, 48, 54. 93.147.150-154.156,158-159.
162,168,172-175.183-185,189-190,195,
201-202, 205-208,210, 215,218-224, 231,
260-261, 264,303,306,312,358,370,382,
388
Cassius Longinus, Q. 108-112,114,118,123
Cassius Parmensis, C. 216-217, 264-265,
272
Cassius Severus 218
Catilina -► Sergius Catilina, L.
Cezar (C. lulius Caesar)
Cezar, młody -♦ Oktawian
Cilnius Maecenas, C. 28, 40-41, 45, 230,
246,340-341,347, 350
Claudius Marcellus, C. (cos. 50) 231, 241
Claudius Marcellus, M. (quest. 48) 111-112
Claudius Marcellus, M, (syn. cos. 50 i Oc-
tavii) 241, 286
Claudius Nero, Ti. 242,272
Claudius Nero, Ti. (przyszły cesarz) -► Ty-
beriusz
Cleopatra -► Kleopatra
Clodius 216-217, 264
Clodius, C. 206, 216
Clodius, P. (vir. monet 42) 326
Clodius Pülcher, P. 157
Cocceius Nerva, L. 230,232
Considius Longus, C. 98
Cornelia 18, 66, 80-81, 83, 86, 88-92, 94՜
95,97,102,125,366
Cornelius Baibus, L. 145,151
Cornelius Cinna Magnus, Gn. (cos. 5) 242
Cornelius Cinna, L. (cos. 86-84) 106
Cornelius Cinna, L. (cos. suff. 32) 242
Cornelius Dolabella, P. 86,98,163,176-177,
183, 205-207, 219, 244, 260, 264
Cornelius Fronto, M. 70
Cornelius Lentulus Crus, L. 93
Cornelius Lentulus Cruscelio, L. 269
Cornelius Lentulus Spinther, P. 93, 207
Cornelius Severus (poeta) 46-47
Cornelius Sulla, Faustus 79,101, 242
Cornelius Sulla, L. (dyktator) 64,79,106-
107,145, 200
Cornelius Tacitus -»■ Tacyt
Cornificius, L. 258, 331-332, 334-335, 349֊
35L361, 376
Cornificius, Q. 20, 25,173,183, l85,187,193,
195.199, 201-202, 218, 221,331,382
Crispus - Március Crispus, Q.
Cyceron (M. Tullius Cicero) 12,19, 22, 25,
32, 50, 55, 66-68, 77-78, 80-81, 83-84,
86, 89, 95,101,104,107,116,132,135-137,
145,147,149-150,152-158,160-185,192,
195.199, 201, 204-205, 217-219, 224, 243,
245, 260, 264, 269, 271,326, 362, 384
Decidius Saxa, L. 207
432
INDEKSY
Deiotaros (Deiotarus) 206
Demochares (Papias) 250, 255-259, 268,
332_335» 338-339 348-349, 356
Didius, C. 117,119,122
Diodorus Siculus 361-362
Dionysius Halicarnassensis 71
Domitius Ahenobarbus, Gn. (cos. 122) 305
Domitius Ahenobarbus, Gn. (cos. 32) 13,
34, 72,188, 216-218, 221, 225-227, 230-
231, 233, 260-261, 263-264, 303, 305-306,
308, 312, 371, 384, 393
Domitius Calvinus, Gn. 97, 260, 305
Eppius, M. 133,143,145
Fabius Maximus, Q. 115-117,119-120,148
Fabius Quintilianus, M. 46-47, 55
Fadius (Fabius?) Gallus, M. 101
Fannius 207
Fannius, C. 180-181,192,195, 269-271, 372
Flaminius Chilo, L. 302
Fufìus Calenus, Q. 98, 224, 228
Fulvia 157, 224-226, 228, 231, 392
Furius Camillus, M. 64
Furnius, C. 254-255, 377-380, 385
Gabienus 67
Gabinius 186
Helenos 251-252, 275, 293
Herennius Siculus 137
Herennius, M. 136-139,141, 325, 327
Hirtius, A. 115,147,150,152,155,159,161,
168,174-176,195, 271» 384
Hirtius 192,195, 271
Homer (Homeros) 22, 45, 67, 85
Horacy (Q. Horatius Flaccus) 13-14, 22,
30, 36-43, 45, 53-54, 362, 389
Horatius Flaccus, Q. —► Horacy
Hortensius Hortalus, Q. (syn mówcy) 206
Hostilius Saserna, L. 139
Iccius 362
Iulia (matka Antoniusza) 226-227, 232,
246, 271, 368
Iulia (córka Cezara) 83
Iulia (córka Oktawiana) 228, 247, 292
Iulius Caesar C. Cezar 9-11,18-19, 22-
24, 29» 33, 35-36, 41, 46, 48, 51-53, 55, 61,
66, 68-69, 78, 80-84, 86-95, 97-105,
107-132, 134-135, 137-141, 145-154, 156-
161, 163-165, 169,172,174-175, 177-178,
181-182, 184-185,190,192,194,196,198,
201, 204, 206, 208, 213-214, 221, 241,
243-246, 259-260, 263-265, 285,316-318,
320-323, 325, 327-329, 331» 357, 362, 377,
382-383, 385, 387-388
Iulius Caesar, L. 199
Iunius Brutus Albinus, D. 139,151,153-156,
158-160,167,170,172,174, 177,180,196,
206, 384
Iunius Brutus, L. (cos. 509) 64, 66, 322-323
Iunius Brutus, M. (tr. 83) 173
Iunius Brutus, M. (pr. 44) 12, 20, 24-25» 30,
36, 46, 48-49, 54, 66, 68, 86,101,150-156,
158-162,168,172-175,181,183-185,189-
190, 201-202, 205-208, 210, 215-224, 231,
260-261, 264, 269, 303, 306, 312,322-324,
331, 358, 382, 388
Juba (luba) 98,100-101,119,148
Katon Porcius Cato, M. (pr. 54)
Kleopatra VII 30, 41-42, 52, 94» 97» 207-
208, 233, 260, 375, 389, 391-392» 394-395
Labienus, Q. 366, 370
Labienus, T. 89,102,118,122, 366
Labienus, T. (historyk i mówca) 13, 55-56
Lenaeus —► Pompeius Lenaeus
Lentulus —► Cornelius Lentulus
Licinius Crassus, M. 230
Licinius Lucullus, L. 80
Licinius Squilus, L. 109
Livineius Regulus, L. (triumvir monetalis
w 42 r.) 140, 326-329
Livineius Regulus, L. (ojciec monetalisa
z 42 r.) 326
Liwiusz (T. Livius) 13, 22-23, 48-53, 55, 58,
95, 187, 192,194-196, 199, 290, 323, 339,
354
Lucceius, L. 244
Lucilius Hirrus, C. 195
Lucretia 323
433
INDEKSY
Lurius, M. 229, 251-252, 275
Macrobius - Ambrosius Theodosius Ma-
crobius
Manilius Tusculus 109
Marcello, L. 109
Marcius Crispus, Q. 153, 206, 260
Marcius Figulus, L. 206
Masinissa II129
Menas (Menodoros) 32, 37-38, 52-53,187,
229-230, 233, 249-259, 261-262, 275, 282,
291-295» 332֊333 344» 347» 392֊394
Menecrates (dowódca Sextusa) 32, 52-53,
85,187, 249-252, 254-259, 261, 294, 332-
333» 392-394
Menekrates (uczeń Aristarchosa) 85
Menodoros Menas
Micylio 294
Minatius Sabinus, M. 114,135
Minucius Siło 109
Minucius Thermus, Q. 180-181, 269-271,
372
Mithradates VI (król Pontu) 49, 79-80, 83,
84, 90, 207, 308
Mucia 77, 79-80, 83, 240, 248-249, 279-
280
Mucius Scaevola, Q. (cos. 95) 77
Munatius Flaccus, L. 109,121
Munatius Plancus, L. 152-153,155-156,166,
169,171,174,180-181, 225, 375, 384
Munatius Rufus, L. 101
Munatius Sabinus, M. 134
Mussidius Longus, L. 326
Nasidius, L. 263
Nasidius, Q. 132-133» 239» 250, 263-264,
301-303, 306-311, 372
Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germa-
nicus (cesarz) 14, 59, 65-66
Nicias (Nikias) 86
Norbanus Flaccus, C. 207
Numa Pompilius 144
Octavia 231, 241, 342-343» 372
Octavius, M. 244
Oktawian August 9-14» 16, 18-23, 28,
30-59, 67-70, 72-74» 78-84, 104-107,
128-137, 139-141, 145-147» 149 155-157»
163,165,167-168, 171-172,174-175,179-
180,182-185,187-202, 208-214, 216-218,
221-238, 240-242, 246-256, 258-260,
262-263, 265-269, 267-268, 272-273,
275-283, 285-295» 298-300, 302-303,
305, 310-311, 313-323» 326-329, 331-335,
337-352, 354-363, 365-370,372, 375, 377-
378, 381, 384-388, 391-395
Ophillius 360
Opimius, L. 137
Owidiusz (P. Ovidius Naso) 14, 22, 45-47,
389
Panaitios 85
Papias —► Demochares
Papirius Carbo, Cn. 49,106
Pedanius Costa 322
Pedius, Q. 115,117-120,148,156-157,190
Petreius, M. 87,101,108,129
Philadelphos 293
Plinius Rufus, L. 13-14, 250, 265-268, 299,
346-348, 351, 356-358, 360
Plinius Secundus, C. 55, 67, 250, 350, 362
Plutarchos 30, 42, 56, 67, 80-81, 90-91,
93-95, 102-103,106,122,148-149, 186,
199, 253» 342, 392, 394
Poblicius, M. 114,142
Poły bios 71
Pompeia Magna (córka Pompejusza Wiel-
kiego) 77, 79, 241-242
Pompeia (córka Sextusa Pompeiusa) 241-
242, 286
Pompeia (córka Pompei i L. Corneliusa
Cinny (cos. suff. 32) 242
Pompeius Bithynicus, Q. (ojciec namiest-
nika Sycylii A. Pompeiusa Bithynicusa)
192
Pompeius Bithynicus, A. 22, 50, 74» 192»
194-195, 271
Pompeius Lenaeus 86
Pompeius Magnus, Cn. (syn Pompeju-
sza Wielkiego) 11-12,17-18, 22» 30, 67,
77-81, 85, 87-88, 95, 97» 99-108,112-115,
117-125,129-130,134-135» 141-145» 147»
154,176,197, 204, 239-240, 251, 263, 297,
307, 322, 324-325, 379» 383,388
Pompeius Magnus, Sex. passim
Pompeius Rufus, Q. (cos. 141) 192
Pompeius Rufus, Q. (cos. 88) 192
Pompeius Strabo, Gn. 22, 3°» 106,192
434
INDEKSY
Pompeius, Sex. (brat Cn. Pompeiusa Stra-
bona) 30
Pompeius, Sex. (cos. 35) 30
Pompeius, Sex. (cos. 14 n.e.) 46
Pompeius Trogus, Cn. 56
Pompejusz Wielki (Cn. Pompeius Magnus,
cos. 70, 55, 52) passim
Pomponius Atticus, T. 83-84, 89,160,162,
167,172-174
Porcius Cato, M. (eens. 184) 64
Porcius Cato, M. (pr. 54) 23-24 30 51. 64-
68, 78, 86, 91, 94, 97-99.101-107,119,123.
148, 202, 215, 383
Porcius Cato, M. (syn M. Porciusa Catona,
pr. 54) 215
Proculeius, C. 350
Propertius, Sex. 14, 40, 43-45. 222
Ps-Porphyrius 37
Ptolemaios XII Auletes 94, 243
Ptolemaios XIII 94, 97
Pyrrhos 390-391
Quintilianus Fabius Quintilianus, M.
Rabirius Postumus, C. 100
Racilius, L. 109,112
Sallustius Crispus, C. 58, 86
Salvidienus Rufus, Q. 19, 208-213, շշւ. 234.
287, 298, 303, 305, 312, 333
Scribonia (żona Sextusa Pompeiusa) 87,
241-242, 245
Scribonia (żona Oktawiana) 227-228, 246-
247, 280, 292-293
Scribonius Curio, C. 98
Scribonius Libo (pr. 80) 243-246
Scribonius Libo, L. (cos. 34) 84, 87, 148,
162-163,172-173. 227-228, 233. 239. 241-
248, 259-260, 266, 270-271, 280-281,
283, 292, 372, 379, 388
Sempronius Gracchus, C. 64, 71,137
Sempronius Cracchus, Ti. (tr. pl. 133) 64, 71
Sempronius Gracchus, Ti. (vir monetalis
w 40 r.) 316-317
Seneka 22, 67,129, 242
Sentius Saturninus Vetülő, C. 227, 233, 246,
269, 271, 372
Sentius Saturninus Vetülő, C. (cos. 19) 269
Septimius (zabójca Pompejusza) 94
Sepullius Macer, P. 322
Sergius Catilina, L. 204
Sertorius, Q. 49, 77-79.136,138-139.198,
272
Servilius Casca Longus, P. 303, 305-306,
308, 312
Servilius Caepio, Q. 79
Servilius Vatia Isauricus, P. (cos. 48, 41)
97. 224
Severus Alexander (M. Aurelius Severus
Alexander Augustus) 73
Severus Septimius (L. Septimius Severus
Augustus) 69, 74
Sextius, T. 153, 224
Shakespeare, William 389, 391-395
Sittius, P. 98,100-101,129
Sosius, C. (cos. 32) 319
Spartakus (Spartacus) 35
Staius Murcus, L. 13, 24-25. 34. 72. 74.153.
188, 206-208, 216-218, 221, 225, 239,
249-250, 252-253, 259-264, 272, 281-282,
292, 294, 303, 305-306, 308, 312, 384
Statilius Taurus, L. 346-348
Strabo 83, 85
Suetonius Tranquillus, C. 36, 44, 86,115,
120,149, 212, 214, 242. 254, 265, 292. 311.
319.333.339.350
Tacyt (Cornelius Tacitus) 13, 22, 48-49. 54
Tarquinius Collatinus, L. 323
Tarquinius Superbus, L. 323
Terentius Varró, M. 87,108,110-111,129
Theophanes z Mitylene 90-91, 244
Thorius, M. 110-111
Tibullus —► Albius Tibullus
Tillius Cimber, L. 153
Timagenes z Aleksandrii 56, 72
Tisienus Gallus 265, 268-269, 35L 356
Titius, M. 74, 248-249, 251, 366, 370,372-
376, 379
Titius, P. 199
Trebonius, C. 100-101,108, 111-114, 1J8,
123,153, 205
Tukidydes (Thucydides) 349
Tullius Cicero, M. —♦ Cyceron
Tullius Cicero, M. (syn mówcy) 205, 269
Turullius, D. 216
Tyberiusz (Ti. Claudius Nero, przyszły ce֊
sarz) 10,13, 22, 48-49. 55. 57-59. 83, 242
435
INDEKSY
Valerius Maximus 10, 28, 46, 80
Valerius Messalla Corvinus, M. 28, 49, 56,
122, 215-216, 254-255» 346-347
Varius Geminus 218-219
Vasius, T. 109
Vatinius, P. 98,153, 206
Velleius Paterculus 10,18,48, 57-59» 66-67,
80, 82-84, 87, 91,130,147,182,184,187,
197, 202, 215, 218, 250-251, 261, 265, 346,
358,376,391
Ventidius Bassus, P. 35,155,157,195, 225
Vergilius Maró, P. - Wergiliusz
Vibius Paciaecus, L. 120
Vibius Pansa, C. 152,155,167,174-175,182,
384
Vibius Varus, C. 326
Voconius Vitulus, Q. 316
Wergiliusz (P. Vergilius Maró) 13, 22, 40,
45» 47» 60, 67,137» 222» 389» 390
INDEKS OSOBOWY BÓSTW, HEROSÓW I POSTACI FIKCYJNYCH
Aemilia 328
Aeneas 45, 66-67, 73» *37» 140,326-329
Achilles 391
Amphinomos 137,325
Anapias 137, 325
Anchises 137,140,326-328
Anton 328
Apollo 44-45» 318, 320 (Apollo Actius 45,
Apollo Palatinus 44-45, 320)
Ascanius 326
Celaeno 45
Charybdis 45» 213» 334
Clementia 139
Dionizos 318
Erichtho 16, 59-61, 63-68
Fortuna 65,127,159,179
Herakles (Hercules) 42, 328
Iulus Ascanius
Janus 12,132-133» 143-144» 309
Junona (luno) 365
Mars 313, 320
Minotaur 390
Neptun 12, 20-21, 29, 41, 43-45, 74,132»
142, 214, 278-280, 284, 297-298, 300-
301, 303-309, 311-321» Յ24, 345, 347
Omphale 42
Pax 320
Philo 395
Pietas 12,19,132,134-142,144-146
Posejdon 313, 321,347
Remus 328
Romulus 328
Skylla 45» 213, 297-298,300-301,304-305,
334
Tellus 150
Thalassa 142, 315-316, 347
Tyche 73
Venus 119,140,320,326-327
Veiovis 44
Victoria 139,151,320
Zeus Pelorus 304
436
INDEKSY
INDEKS NAZW GEOGRAFICZNYCH I ETNICZNYCH
Abydos (Azja Mniejsza) 208
Actium 9, 28, 36-37, 39~45 54. 58, 71, 73.
201, 237, 249, 263, 265, 316, 319-321. 329
352
Adriatyckie, Morze 87, 89, 107, 112, 197,
244, 388
Aenaria (Pithekoussai) 52-53, 280, 283,332
Africa Vêtus 183, 331
Afryka 91, 94, 98-103, 105-108,110,112-
113, 117, 129, 148, 153 157 193 i95 201,
223, 234, 254, 259, 276, 331, 344. 348
Aggar 100
Alba 176
Alba Fucens 154
Aleksandria 11, 28, 56, 70, 72, 97, 366-369,
371. 392
dAltino 302
Amphipolis 91, 215
Antiochia 93
Antium 319
Apollonia 151, 205, 209, 244
Apulia 89, 229
Arezzo 42
Armenia 30, 366, 372, 379
Artemisium (na Sycylii) 351
Ascurum 113
Asia (prowincja) 153, 205, 217, 233, 248, 271,
365, 370-371. 377
Azja 65
Azja Mniejsza 9, 21, 51, 92-93, 97.140,151,
153, 206-208, 218, 243, 248, 259, 263-265,
366, 370, 377-378, 386
Ategua 120-121
Ateny 205, 227-228, 233, 246, 265, 271, 372
Attaleia 93
Ausonia 229
Azetium 89
Azuaga 138
Baetis 119-120,130
Baiae 242, 280-281
Bajów, Zatoka 345-346
Balarus, Portus 211
Baleary 100,113
Barcelona 124
Barea 162-163
Beronowie (Berones) 109
Betyka (Baetica) 117,125,129-130
Bithynia 73,153, 231, 371. 372. 379
Bononia 156,196,199, 208
Brundisium 88-89,167, 208-209, 213-214,
221, 224, 228-232, 234, 244, 251, 260,
275-276, 284-285, 294, 311, 317, 388
Bruttium 226
Caltyberia (Celtiberia) 127
Campus Martius 320
Campus Mundensis 121
Capua (Kapua) 88-89
Caralis 229
Carmo 111
Carruca 121
Carteia 119,122,161-162
Carthago Nova 118,124,131,162-163
Castra Postumiana 120
Catana —1► Katanę
Chantenay 302
Civitella in Val di Chiana 302
Consentía 229
Contradi Diana 361
Corduba 110-112,118-120,122-125,127,147
Cypr 94-95. 207
Dalmacja 244
Dikaiarcheia —»► Puteoli
Dyrrachium 60, 66, 81, 88, 90, 206, 244
Ebesos 113
Egipt 18, 71, 87-88, 93-94. 97-99,102,119,
141, 206-207, 240, 243. 310, 343, 388
Egnatia, Via 90
Emathia 65
Encinasola 139
Epir 87-88, 90-91, 98,102,193, 244, 391
Etna (Aetna) 137,324
Etruria 154, 222, 229, 244, 251, 331
Eufrat 230
Formiae 52,176-177
Forum Gallorum 155
437
INDEKSY
Forum Iulii 155
Gades 122-124
Galatia 206, 371
Galia 118-119,155,160,198, 228, 234, 294,
341,362
Galia Comata 153
Galia Narbońska (Galia Narbonensis) 79,
149-150,153,155,157-158,166,170,180,
195, 223 234
Galia Przedalpejska (Galia Cisalpina) 152-
154 157» 159 167,174, 223» 265
Galia Zaalpejska (Galia Transalpina) 153,
157, 223, 228
Garlasco 302
Gnathia 89
Grecja 23,87, 90,102,152,183, 201,205,207,
226-227,295
Guadalquivir Baetis
Hadrumetum 100, 321
Halikarnass (Halikarnassos) 71
Hasta 123
Hiera 348
Heraclea Minoa 236
Herkulesa, Słupy 186
Hipponium (Vibo Valentia) 214,340
Hispalis 123-124
Hiszpania 11,18-19, 53» 55 77» 79~8o, 82,
84, 87, 90, 99-102,104,107-108,11-114,
117-120,122-125,127-133» 135-136,138,
141-143,145-146,149» 156,158,164,166,
168-170,182-183, i92 197-198, 204, 220,
223, 234, 239-241» 243» 245» 263» 270,272»
292» 306, 310, 321, 324, 367» 377» 383
Hiszpania Bliższa (Hispania Citerior) 108,
111,147,150,153,157» 166, 263
Hiszpania Dalsza (Hispania Ulterior) 53,
100-101,104-105,108,112,114,117-119,
123-124,153,157» 163» 166,171, 243
Iberyjski, Półwysep 129
Iliria 153,183, 230
Italia 31, 33, 35, 53, 74, 78, 82, 87, 89, 97»
99-100,104-107,113,117,130,132,138-
139,142,144-149» 151-153» 155-159» 162,
164-166,171-174,183,188-190,192-195,
197-198,200-205, 207-209,211-212, 214,
216-219, 221-227, 229» 231-235» 237» 239»
244-247, 251, 254, 266, 269, 271-272,
275-276, 280-282, 285, 287-289, 292-
293» 310-311, 315-316» 318, 320, 323» 329»
340-343» 345» 359» 362, 367» 371, 377-378,
385-388, 393
Italica 110
Jońska, Zatoka 212
Jońskie, Morze 209, 217,219-220,230,264
Kanabos 42
Kapadocja (Kappadokia) 207
Katanę (Catana) 137, 325
Kephallania 365
Kolops 255
Korkyra 104,107,147,176,365
Korsyka 157, 230, 233-234» 254» 261, 276,
285, 288, 294
Kreta 102,151,154,162,168, 205, 217
Kroton 365
Ksanthos (Xanthos) 207
Kumańska, Zatoka 345
Kyme 252, 254, 257-259» 332-333» 335» 338-
339» 34i
Kyrenajka 151,154,162,168, 205
Kyrene 95,102
Kyzikos 371
Lacetani 123-124,127
Lacetania 127
Lacus Avernus 345
Lacus Lucrinus 345
Lampsakos 371
Lanuvium 160
Laodikeia 206-207
Larinum 89
Leontini 361
Libia 65, 95, 208, 357
Licia (Likia) 93, 207
Licinium, przylądek 365
Lilybaeum 14,145» 265-267, 287, 299» 346
Lipara 361
Liparyjskie, Wyspy 341, 348, 361
Londyn 392
Lucani, Agri 176
Luceria 89
438
INDEKSY
Lugdunum 316
Macedonia 46,153-154,167-168,183,188,
205-208, 212, 219, 221, 282, 372
Malaca 112
Massalia 84,143,158,170-171,181-182,189,
191,194-196, 251, 263, 270, 383
Mauretania 100,105-106,111,113, 292
Megara Hyblea 236
Messana 21,43,193-195,241,258-259,267-
268, 304, 322 333 335» 348-349, 355-359,
365, 378, 393
Mesyńska, Cieśnina 209-214,221, 258, 298,
305, 333, 338
Milet (Miletos) 374
Morgantina 236
Munda 18, 24, 33, 53, 80-81,102,115,121-
123,125-127,129,146-148, 215, 239, 382-
383
Mutina 154-155,176,180,183-185,195,360,
384
Mylae 194,196, 258-259, 298-299, 348-351
Naulochos 9,13, 21, 28, 38, 41-45, 54, 58,
70,187, 210, 237, 246, 259, 267-268, 298,
301, 319, 349, 352, 354, 356, 358, 362, 365-
366
Neapol (Neapolis) 361
Neapolis (Tracja) 215
Neapolitańska, Zatoka 332, 394
Nesis 162
Nikaia (Nicaea) 372
Nikomedia 372
Nil 64-65, 94, 97
Nuceria 89
Numidia 98,105-106,129
Nursia 268
Nysa 85
Obulca 119-120
Oricum (Orikos) 88,107, 244, 259
Palinurus, przylądek 346-347
Parthia 30
Pasąuariello 302
Patara 207
Peccioli 302
Peloponez 208, 260, 285, 290
Pelusion (Pelusium) 94-95
Perusia 201, 224, 226, 268, 270, 272, 362
Pharsalos 18, 34, 66, 69, 80, 88, 91, 93, 97-
100,104,110, 205, 215, 260, 270, 310, 388
Phaselis 93
Philippi 20, 34, 36, 48, 54, 58,173, 213, 215-
216, 218-223, 233 239, 260-261, 272, 310,
3i7 З50, 358-360, 362, 371, 378, 382
Picenum 78,106, 222
Pithekoussai Aenaria
Pontiae 52
Pont (Pontus) 45-46, 97, 207, 366, 379
Portus Achaiorum 371
Portus Iulius 345
Prokonnesos 372
Puteoli 52, 281-283, 294
Ravenna 294, 332
Rhegium 152, 209, 213-214, 332
Rhoiteion 371
Rodos (miasto) 85, 93, 207, 216
Rodos (wyspa) 159, 207, 217
Rubi 89
Rubikon (Rubico) 89
Ruspina 100
Rzym 25, 31, 33, 38-39, 70, 79-S0, 85-86,
88-90, 98-99,106,119,127,130,133,138,
147-148,150-152,154-159,162,164,167-
168,170,174,177-178,182,184,190,192,
197-198, 203, 224, 226, 233, 235, 241, 243,
245-247, 249, 260, 266, 269, 276-280,
284-286, 290, 293, 311, 313, 347, 350, 395
Salsum 120
Samnium 222
Sardynia 31, 35-36, 52, 99,117,157, 229-230,
233-234, 251-254, 261, 275-276, 281, 285,
288, 291, 293-294, 300, 394-395
S co dra 230
Scyllaeum 19, 45, 209-214, 222, 248, 254,
258-259, 264, 287, 298-303, 305, 312, З14,
333,338-339,340-341
Segesta 327-328
Sigeion, przylądek 371
Singilis 121
Sipontum 229
439
INDEKSY
Siskia 255 Tracja 206, 208, 366, 379
Smyrna 207 Tusculum 176
Speluncae 89 Tybr 53, 65,149» 163, 277
Strongyle 348 Tyndaris 193-194» 196,349
Syrakuzy 193,195, 262 Tyr 93, 95
Syria 93,153,183, 206-207, 219-220, 260, Tyrreńskie, Morze 209,217
275
Ulia 111,118-120
Śródziemne, Morze 31,79,99,186,191,206, Umbria 222
234» 236, 386, 388 Urso 124
Utica 105
Tafrosiris 42 Uzitta 100
Taracco 124
Tarent 255, 301, 332, 34i~343ł 346,372 Velia 346
Tars (Tarsos) 207 Venafrum 89
Tauromenium 299, 348-351, 361-362 Ventipo 121
Teanum Sidicinum 89, 226 Vibo Valentia ~► Hipponium
Thasos 215-217 Vienna 316
Terni 302 Volturnum 52,332
Tesalia (Thessalia) 18, 52, 60, 66, 68, 91
Thessalonike 88, 90 Zakynthos 319
Thurii (Thourioi) 229
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Berdowski, Piotr |
| author_facet | Berdowski, Piotr |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Berdowski, Piotr |
| author_variant | p b pb |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV043715511 |
| ctrlnum | (gbd)1083913 (OCoLC)957502954 (DE-599)BVBBV043715511 |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Rzym (państwo) / 49-45 a.C. (Wojna domowa) jhpk Rzym (państwo) / 43-31 a.C. (Wojna domowa) jhpk |
| geographic_facet | Rzym (państwo) / 49-45 a.C. (Wojna domowa) Rzym (państwo) / 43-31 a.C. (Wojna domowa) |
| id | DE-604.BV043715511 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T07:33:13Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9788379962198 |
| language | Polish |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-029127689 |
| oclc_num | 957502954 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-188 DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-188 DE-12 |
| physical | 439 Seiten, [12] Blätter Illustrationen, Karten |
| psigel | gbd_4_1701 |
| publishDate | 2015 |
| publishDateSearch | 2015 |
| publishDateSort | 2015 |
| publisher | Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Berdowski, Piotr aut Res gestae Neptuni filli Sextus Pompeius i rzymskie wojny domowe Piotr Berdowski Rzeszów Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego 2015 439 Seiten, [12] Blätter Illustrationen, Karten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Zusammenfassung in englischer Sprache Pompeius Magnus Pius, Sextus / (67-35 a.C.) jhpk Pompeius Magnus, Sextus ca. v68 - v35 (DE-588)118595652 gnd rswk-swf Krieg (DE-588)4033114-3 gnd rswk-swf Rzym (państwo) / 49-45 a.C. (Wojna domowa) jhpk Rzym (państwo) / 43-31 a.C. (Wojna domowa) jhpk Römische Republik, 44 - 31 v. Chr. (Triumviralzeit) (DE-2581)TH000003832 gbd Sextus Pompeius (Triumviralzeit) (DE-2581)TH000003843 gbd Pompeius Magnus, Sextus ca. v68 - v35 (DE-588)118595652 p Krieg (DE-588)4033114-3 s DE-604 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029127689&sequence=000005&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029127689&sequence=000006&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029127689&sequence=000007&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029127689&sequence=000008&line_number=0004&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Personenregister |
| spellingShingle | Berdowski, Piotr Res gestae Neptuni filli Sextus Pompeius i rzymskie wojny domowe Pompeius Magnus Pius, Sextus / (67-35 a.C.) jhpk Pompeius Magnus, Sextus ca. v68 - v35 (DE-588)118595652 gnd Krieg (DE-588)4033114-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)118595652 (DE-588)4033114-3 |
| title | Res gestae Neptuni filli Sextus Pompeius i rzymskie wojny domowe |
| title_auth | Res gestae Neptuni filli Sextus Pompeius i rzymskie wojny domowe |
| title_exact_search | Res gestae Neptuni filli Sextus Pompeius i rzymskie wojny domowe |
| title_full | Res gestae Neptuni filli Sextus Pompeius i rzymskie wojny domowe Piotr Berdowski |
| title_fullStr | Res gestae Neptuni filli Sextus Pompeius i rzymskie wojny domowe Piotr Berdowski |
| title_full_unstemmed | Res gestae Neptuni filli Sextus Pompeius i rzymskie wojny domowe Piotr Berdowski |
| title_short | Res gestae Neptuni filli |
| title_sort | res gestae neptuni filli sextus pompeius i rzymskie wojny domowe |
| title_sub | Sextus Pompeius i rzymskie wojny domowe |
| topic | Pompeius Magnus Pius, Sextus / (67-35 a.C.) jhpk Pompeius Magnus, Sextus ca. v68 - v35 (DE-588)118595652 gnd Krieg (DE-588)4033114-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Pompeius Magnus Pius, Sextus / (67-35 a.C.) Pompeius Magnus, Sextus ca. v68 - v35 Krieg Rzym (państwo) / 49-45 a.C. (Wojna domowa) Rzym (państwo) / 43-31 a.C. (Wojna domowa) |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029127689&sequence=000005&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029127689&sequence=000006&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029127689&sequence=000007&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029127689&sequence=000008&line_number=0004&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT berdowskipiotr resgestaeneptunifillisextuspompeiusirzymskiewojnydomowe |