Vibration problems in machines: diagnosis and resolution
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Boca Raton
Taylor & Francis, CRC Press
[2016]
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Klappentext |
| Beschreibung: | xv, 331 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme |
| ISBN: | 9781498726740 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Vibration problems in machines |b diagnosis and resolution |c Arthur W. Lees |
| 264 | 1 | |a Boca Raton |b Taylor & Francis, CRC Press |c [2016] | |
| 300 | |a xv, 331 Seiten |b Illustrationen, Diagramme | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| DE-BY-862_location | 2000 |
|---|---|
| DE-BY-FWS_call_number | 2000/ZL 3050 L487 |
| DE-BY-FWS_katkey | 628920 |
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| adam_text | Contents
$
Preface............................................................xi
Author............................................................xiii
MATLAB®............................................................xv
1. Introduction.....................................................1
1.1 Monitoring and Diagnosis....................................1
1*1.1 Monitored Parameters.................................3
1.1.1.1 Vibration....................................3
1.1.1.2 Pressure, Flow and Temperature...............3
1.1.1.3 Voltage and Current..........................3
1.1.1 A Acoustic Emission............................4
1.1.2 Fault Localisation...................................4
1.1.3 Root Cause...........................................5
1.1.4 Remaining Life..................................... 5
1.2 Mathematical Models.........................................6
1.3 Machine Classification......................................8
1.3.1 Bearing Types...................................... 8
1.3.2 The Rotor...........................................10
1.4 Considerations for a Monitoring Scheme.....................10
1.5 Outline of the Text........................................13
1.6 Software...................................................16
References......................................................16
2. Data Presentation...............................................17
2.1 Introduction......................................... 17
2.2 Presentation Formats..................................... 17
2.2.1 Time and Frequency..................................18
2.2.2 Waterfall Plots.....................................20
2.2.3 Scatter Plots (or Carpet Plots).....................22
2.2.4 Order Tracking in Transient Operation...............28
2.2.4.1 Acquiring the Transient.....................30
2.2.4.2 System Response.............................35
2.2.5 Shaft Orbits........................................38
2.2.6 Polar Plots....................................... 40
2.2.7 Spectragrams........................................41
2.3 Comparison with Calculations...............................41
2.4 Detection and Diagnosis Process............................43
Problems........................................................44
References.................................................... 45
v
VI
Contents
3. Modelling and Analysis......................................47
3.1 Introduction............................................47
3.2 Need for Models.........................................47
3.3 Modelling Approaches....................................48
3.3.1 Beam Models.......................................48
3.3.2 Finite Element Method.............................51
3.3.2.1 Element Formulation.................... 51
3.3.2.2 Matrix Assembly..........................56
3.3.3 Modelling Choices.................................58
3.4 Analysis Methods........................................59
3.4.1 Imbalance Response................................60
3.4.2 Campbell Diagram..................................61
3.4.3 Analysis of Damped Systems........................62
3.4.4 Root Locus and Stability..........................68
3.4.5 Overall Response..................................70
3.5 Further Modelling Considerations........................71
3.5.1 Mode Shapes.......................................71
3.5.2 Perturbation Techniques...........................76
3.6 Summary.................................................81
Problems.....................................................81
References...................................................82
4. Faults in Machines - Part 1..................................83
4.1 Introduction............................................83
4.2 Definitions: Rigid and Flexible Rotors..................83
4.3 Mass Imbalance..........................................91
4.3.1 General Observations..............................91
4.3.2 Rotor Balancing...................................95
4.3.2.1 Influence Coefficient Approaches:
Single Plane..............................96
4.3.2.2 Two-Plane Balancing................... 100
4.3.3 Modal Balancing..................................109
4.3.4 Non-Linear Effects...............................112
4.3.5 Recent Developments..............................113
4.4 Rotor Bends............................................113
4.5 Concluding Remarks.....................................117
Problems....................................................118
References..................................................119
5. Faults in Machines - Part 2.................................121
5.1 Introduction...........................................121
5.2 Misalignment...........................................121
5.2.1 Key Phenomena....................................122
5.2.2 Flexible Couplings...............................124
Contents
vn
5.2.3 Solid Couplings..................................128
5.2.3.1 Catenary.................................129
5.2.4 Misalignment Excitation: A New Model.............133
5.2.4.1 Moments due to Imbalance.................135
5.2.4.2 Changing the Centre of Rotation..........136
5.2.4.3 Influence of the Bolts...................140
5.2.5 Towards an Overall Model.........................143
5.3 Cracked Rotors..........................................144
5.3.1 Change in Natural Frequencies....................145
5.3.2 Forced Response..................................152
5.4 Torsion.................................................155
5.5 Non-Linearity...........................................160
5.6 Interactions and Diagnostics............................162
5.6.1 Synchronous Excitation...........................162
5.6.2 Twice-per-Revolution Excitation..................163
5.6.3 Asynchronous Vibration...........................163
5.7 Closing Remarks.........................................164
Problems.....................................................164
References...................................................166
6. Rotor-Stator Interaction........................................169
6.1 Introduction...............................................169
6.2 Interaction through Bearings...............................170
6.2.1 Oil Journal Bearings................................170
6.2.2 Rolling-Element Bearings............................173
6.2.3 Other Types of Bearings.............................175
6.2.3.1 Active Magnetic Bearings....................175
6.2.3.2 Externally Pressurised Bearings.............176
6.2.3.3 Foil Bearings...............................176
6.3 Interaction via Working Fluid..............................176
6.3.1 Pump Bushes and Seals...............................176
6.3.1.1 Influence of System Pressure Distribution..180
6.3.1.2 Example of an Idealised System..............182
6.3.2 Other Forms of Excitation...........................185
6.3.3 Steam Whirl.........................................186
6.4 Direct Stator Contact.................................... 186
6.4.1 Extended Contact....................................186
6.4.1.1 Physical Effects........................... 186
6.4.1.2 Newkirk Effect..............................187
6.4.2 Collision and Recoil................................190
6.4.2.1 Physical Effects............................190
6.4.2.2 Simulation................................ 191
6.4.3 Acoustic Emission...................................196
6.5 The Morton Effect..........................................199
viii
Contents
6.6 Harmonics of Contact.....................................199
6.7 Concluding Remarks.......................................201
Problems......................................................201
References....................................................202
7. Machine Identification........................................205
7.1 Introduction.............................................205
7.2 Current State of Modelling...............................205
7.3 Primary Components.......................................207
7.4 Sources of Error/Uncertainty........................... 209
7.5 Model Improvement........................................211
7.5.1 System Identification........................... 212
7.5.2 Error Criteria....................................214
7.5.3 Régularisation....................................215
7.5.4 Singular Value Decomposition......................217
7.6 Application to Foundations...............................218
7.6.1 Formulating the Problem...........................219
7.6.2 Least Squares with Physical Parameters............219
7.6.2.1 Formulation with Shaft Location Data......223
7.6.2.2 Applying Constraints......................223
7.6.3 Modal Approach with Kalman Filters................227
7.6.4 Essentials of Kalman Filtering....................229
7.7 Imbalance Identification.................................230
7.8 Extension to Misalignment................................232
7.9 Future Options...........................................232
7.9.1 Implementation....................................233
7.9.2 Benefits..........................................234
Problems......................................................234
References....................................................235
8. Some Further Analysis Methods.................................239
8.1 Standard Approaches......................................239
8.2 Artificial Neural Networks...............................244
8.3 Merging ANNs with Physics-Based Models...................248
8.4 Kernel Density Estimation.............................. 249
8.5 Rapid Transients: Vold-Kalman Method.....................253
8.6 Useful Techniques........................................261
8.6.1 Singular Value Decomposition......................261
8.6.2 The Hilbert Transform.............................262
8.6.3 Time Frequency and Wigner-Ville...................266
8.6.4 Wavelet Analysis..................................267
8.6.5 Cepstrum..........................................269
8.6.6 Cyclostationary Methods...........................270
Contents ix
8.6.7 Higher-Order Spectra.............................270
8.6.8 Empirical Mode Decomposition.....................274
8.7 Concluding Remarks......................................275
Problems......................................................275
References....................................................276
9. Case Studies.................................................279
9.1 Introduction............................................279
9.2 Crack in a Large Alternator Rotor.......................279
9.3 Workshop Modal Testing of a Cracked Rotor...............285
9.4 Gearbox Problems on a Boiler Feed Pump..................290
9.5 Vibration of Large Centrifugal Fans.....................297
9.6 Low-Pressure Turbine Instabilities......................300
9.7 Concluding Remarks......................................301
Problems......................................................301
References....................................................302
10. Overview and Outlook..........................................303
10.1 Progress in Instrumentation.............................303
10.2 Progress in Data Analysis and Handling..................303
10.3 Progress in Modelling...................................304
10.4 Expert Systems..........................................306
10.5 Future Prospects........................................307
10.5.1 Machine Diagnostics..............................307
10.5.2 Self Correction ( Smart Machines )...............308
10.5.2.1 Magnetic Bearings........................309
10.5.2.2 Electro-Rheological Bearings.............309
10.5.2.3 Externally Pressurised Bearings..........309
10.5.2.4 Other Approaches.........................309
10.5.3 Shaft Modification...............................311
10.6 Summary.................................................315
References....................................................315
Solutions to Problems.............................................317
Index........................................................... 323
Engineering - Mechanical
Vibration Problems in Machines: Diagnosis and Resolution explains
how to infer information about the internal operations of rotating
machines from external measurements. In doing so, the book examines
the vibration signals arising under various fault conditions, such as rotor
imbalance, misalignment, cracked rotors, gear wear, whirling instabilities,
and other problems.
Covering a wide range of techniques required in the monitoring, analysis,
and diagnosis of operational rotating machinery, this text:
• Discusses topics ranging from the presentation of complex
data to methods for reconciling model and plant data
• Describes the physical basis of fault signals as well as the
necessary signal and data processing techniques
• Delivers fresh insight into misalignment phenomena and
the future of smart machinery
Vibration Problems in Machines: Diagnosis and Resolution includes
case studies with real plant data, MATLAB® scripts and functions for the
modelling and analysis of rotating machines, end-of-chapter questions,
and a solutions manual with qualifying course adoption. The book provides
an invaluable resource for those seeking to optimize the use of complex
and often apparently contradictory data.
.
ISBN : e17ß-l-iHä7-Efe74-0
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
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| discipline | Maschinenbau / Maschinenwesen Physik |
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| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-08-01T11:24:44Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781498726740 |
| language | English |
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| owner_facet | DE-83 DE-703 DE-862 DE-BY-FWS |
| physical | xv, 331 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme |
| publishDate | 2016 |
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| publisher | Taylor & Francis, CRC Press |
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| subject_GND | (DE-588)4130655-7 |
| title | Vibration problems in machines diagnosis and resolution |
| title_auth | Vibration problems in machines diagnosis and resolution |
| title_exact_search | Vibration problems in machines diagnosis and resolution |
| title_full | Vibration problems in machines diagnosis and resolution Arthur W. Lees |
| title_fullStr | Vibration problems in machines diagnosis and resolution Arthur W. Lees |
| title_full_unstemmed | Vibration problems in machines diagnosis and resolution Arthur W. Lees |
| title_short | Vibration problems in machines |
| title_sort | vibration problems in machines diagnosis and resolution |
| title_sub | diagnosis and resolution |
| topic | Maschinenschwingung (DE-588)4130655-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Maschinenschwingung |
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Inhaltsverzeichnis
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