The origins of fairness: how evolution explains our moral nature
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Weitere Verfasser: | |
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
New York, NY
Oxford University Press
2016
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Foundations of human interaction
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Klappentext |
| Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references (pages 227-251) and index |
| Beschreibung: | viii, 254 Seiten Illustration |
| ISBN: | 9780190210229 |
Internformat
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| 240 | 1 | 0 | |a Comment nous sommes devenus moraux |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a The origins of fairness |b how evolution explains our moral nature |c Nicolas Baumard ; translated by Paul Reeve |
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| 490 | 0 | |a Foundations of human interaction | |
| 500 | |a Includes bibliographical references (pages 227-251) and index | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Geschichte | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Ethics | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Ethics |x History | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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CONTENTS
Foreword by the Series Editor
Ackno wledgments
fl
ix
xi
Introduction: Reconciling Morality with the Natural Sciences 1
Naturalism: The Moral Sense 2
Contractualism: The Social Contract 4
A Naturalistic and Contractualist Theory of Morality 7
PART ONE: The Moral Sense
1. A Mental Organ 17
LI. An Autonomous Disposition 19
1.1.1. Moral Judgments and Moral Intuitions 19
1.1.2. Moral Intuitions and Moral Ideas 21
1.2. A Domain-Specific Disposition 22
1.2.1. Morality a Passion among Others 22
1.2.2. The Sense of Honor 24
1.3. A Universal Disposition 26
1.3.1. Variability as a Product of the Diversity of
Situations and Beliefs 27
1.3.2. Observed Diversity and Real Diversity 28
1.4. An Innate Disposition 32
1.5. Non intuitive Moral Judgments 36
2. Functional Disposition 46
2.1. The Competing Passions 46
2.2. The Moral Sense and Nonnaturalistic Theories 49
2.2.1. The Domain Specificity of Moral Judgments 50
vi * Contents
2.2.2. The Innateness of Moral Judgments 52
2.3* The Moral Sense as Adaptation 53
2.3* 1 * Functionality and Modularity 53
2.3.2. Efficient Causes and Final Causes 55
PART TWO: Morality as Fairness
3. From Cooperation to Morality 61
3.1. A Naturalistic Contractualism 61
3.2. From the Cooperation Market to the Sense of Fairness 61
3.2.1. The Cooperation Market 61
3.2.2. Cooperation Market Theory versus Other
Mutualistic Theories 63
3.2.3. Manipulation on the Cooperation Market 65
3.2.4. The Cooperation Market in the Ancestral
Environment 69
3.3. The Sense of Fairness 72
3.3.1. The Example of Reciprocity and Justice 72
3.3.2. Moral Rectitude, or Fairness in General 74
3.3.3. Fairness and Power Relationships 77
3.3.4. Framing Effects 79
4. Moral Principles and the Sense of Fairness 88
4.1. Getting Past Principles 89
4.2. The Mutualistic Logic of Moral Dilemmas 92
4.2.1. Actions and Omissions 93
4.2.2. The Trolley Dilemma 94
4.2.3. A Mutualistic Analysis of the Trolley Problem 95
4.2.4. Utilitarian Interpretations of the Trolley Problem 100
4.3. Principles and Justice 101
5. A Cognitive Approach to the Moral Sense 105
5.1. A Contract without Negotiations: Morality and
Theory of Mind 105
5.1.1. The Importance of Others: Mental States
versus Interests 106
5.1.2. Consent Has No Moral Value 107
Contents * vil
5.13. A Mutualistic Approach to Responsibility 109
5.2. The Evaluation of Individual Interests 111
5.2.1. Intuitive Axiology and the Moral Sense 111
5.2.2. Victimless Crimes 115
5.2.3. Roles and Statuses 117
5.2.4. Moral Differences between the Sexes 119
5.3. The Limits of the Moral Community 122
5.3.1. The Proper and Actual Domains of the
Moral Sense 122
5.3.2. The Variability of the Actual Domain 123
5.4. Disposition and Microdispositions 125
PA RT TH RE E: Morality as Sacrifice
6. Mutualistic Morality and Utilitarian Morality 135
6.1. Utilitarian Morality and Group Selection 136
6.2. Utilitarian Societies? 139
6.2.1. Observed Utilitarianism and Real Utilitarianism 140
6.2.2. Collectivism and Utilitarianism 142
6.23. Social Institutions and Moral Interactions 145
6.3. Utilitarian Judgments? 147
63.1. Distributive Justice 149
63.2. Retributive Justice 151
63.3. Supererogatory Actions 152
63.4. Moral Dilemmas 154
6.4. Economic Games 155
6.4.1. The Ecological Validity of Economic Games 156
6.4.2. Economic Games: Moral Situations 157
6.4.3. A Mutualistic Analysis of Economic Games 159
7. Punishment or Just Deserts ? 164
7.1. A Marginal Practice in Nonstate Societies 164
7.2. Revenge, Ostracism, and Self-Defense: Punishments? 166
73. A Simple Question of Duty 169
73.1. A Mutualistic Analysis of Apparently
Punitive Actions 169
73.2. Punishment in Economic Games 170
viii . Contents
7.4. Retributive Justice and Penal Systems 171
PART FOUR: Morality as Excellence
8. Mutualistic Morality and Virtue Morality 177
8.1. Sympathy 178
8.1.1. The Three Faces of Adam Smith 178
8.1.2. Of Sympathy and the Other Social Sentiments 181
8.2. The Parental Instinct 183
8.3. Disgust 184
8.4. The Virtues 188
9. On the “State of Nature”
9.1. Morality in Animals 195
9.1.1. Morality: One Disposition among Many 195
9.1.2. Primate Morality: Reality or Anthropomorphism?
9.2. Morality and Social Cognition 201
9.2.1. Understanding Others to Communicate 203
9.2.2. Communicating to Cooperate 206
Conclusion
The Steps in the Argument 212
The Scientific Implications of a Mutualistic Theory 217
The Practical Implications of Mutualistic Theory 222
References
Index
193
197
212
227
253
Foundations of Human Interaction Series
Series Editor: N.J. Enfield
In this book, Nicolas Baumard explores the theory
that morality was originally an adaptation to the
biological market of cooperation, an arena in which
individuals competed to be selected for cooperative
interactions. It is with this evolutionary approach
that Baumard accounts for the specific structure of
human morality. |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
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| dewey-ones | 171 - Ethical systems |
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| dewey-tens | 170 - Ethics (Moral philosophy) |
| discipline | Philosophie |
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| indexdate | 2024-09-23T16:14:56Z |
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| language | English |
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| spelling | Baumard, Nicolas (DE-588)1099464463 aut Comment nous sommes devenus moraux The origins of fairness how evolution explains our moral nature Nicolas Baumard ; translated by Paul Reeve New York, NY Oxford University Press 2016 viii, 254 Seiten Illustration txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Foundations of human interaction Includes bibliographical references (pages 227-251) and index Geschichte Ethics Ethics History Moralischer Sinn (DE-588)4126046-6 gnd rswk-swf Evolutionstheorie (DE-588)4071051-8 gnd rswk-swf Moralischer Sinn (DE-588)4126046-6 s Evolutionstheorie (DE-588)4071051-8 s DE-604 Reeve, Paul trl Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-0-19-021023-6 Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029096161&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029096161&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext |
| spellingShingle | Baumard, Nicolas The origins of fairness how evolution explains our moral nature Geschichte Ethics Ethics History Moralischer Sinn (DE-588)4126046-6 gnd Evolutionstheorie (DE-588)4071051-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4126046-6 (DE-588)4071051-8 |
| title | The origins of fairness how evolution explains our moral nature |
| title_alt | Comment nous sommes devenus moraux |
| title_auth | The origins of fairness how evolution explains our moral nature |
| title_exact_search | The origins of fairness how evolution explains our moral nature |
| title_full | The origins of fairness how evolution explains our moral nature Nicolas Baumard ; translated by Paul Reeve |
| title_fullStr | The origins of fairness how evolution explains our moral nature Nicolas Baumard ; translated by Paul Reeve |
| title_full_unstemmed | The origins of fairness how evolution explains our moral nature Nicolas Baumard ; translated by Paul Reeve |
| title_short | The origins of fairness |
| title_sort | the origins of fairness how evolution explains our moral nature |
| title_sub | how evolution explains our moral nature |
| topic | Geschichte Ethics Ethics History Moralischer Sinn (DE-588)4126046-6 gnd Evolutionstheorie (DE-588)4071051-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Geschichte Ethics Ethics History Moralischer Sinn Evolutionstheorie |
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