Holdings: Academic research and writing

Academic research and writing: a concise introduction

Saved in:

Bibliographic Details
Main Authors:	Decker, Christian (Author), Werner, Rita (Author)
Format:	Book
Language:	English
Published:	Frankfurt am Main iCADEMICUS [2016]
Subjects:	Wissenschaftliches Manuskript Wissenschaftliches Arbeiten Academic research Academic writing Writing skills
Online Access:	Inhaltsverzeichnis
Physical Description:	XXI, 308 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme 17 cm x 22 cm, 592 g
ISBN:	9783981558616 3981558618

Staff View

MARC


LEADER	00000nam a2200000 c 4500
001	BV043664718
003	DE-604
005	20170830
007	t
008	160711s2016 gw a\|\|\| \|\|\|\| 00\|\|\| eng d
015			\|a 16,N25 \|2 dnb
016	7		\|a 1103513192 \|2 DE-101
020			\|a 9783981558616 \|c Broschur : EUR 16.90 (DE), EUR 17.40 (AT) \|9 978-3-9815586-1-6
020			\|a 3981558618 \|9 3-9815586-1-8
024	3		\|a 9783981558616
035			\|a (OCoLC)965802202
035			\|a (DE-599)DNB1103513192
040			\|a DE-604 \|b ger \|e rda
041	0		\|a eng
044			\|a gw \|c XA-DE-HE
049			\|a DE-M382 \|a DE-898 \|a DE-N2 \|a DE-523 \|a DE-11
082	0		\|a 330 \|2 23
084			\|a AK 39580 \|0 (DE-625)2617: \|2 rvk
084			\|a AK 39900 \|0 (DE-625)2625: \|2 rvk
084			\|a 330 \|2 sdnb
100	1		\|a Decker, Christian \|4 aut
245	1	0	\|a Academic research and writing \|b a concise introduction \|c Christian Decker and Rita Werner
264		1	\|a Frankfurt am Main \|b iCADEMICUS \|c [2016]
264		4	\|c © 2016
300			\|a XXI, 308 Seiten \|b Illustrationen, Diagramme \|c 17 cm x 22 cm, 592 g
336			\|b txt \|2 rdacontent
337			\|b n \|2 rdamedia
338			\|b nc \|2 rdacarrier
650	0	7	\|a Wissenschaftliches Manuskript \|0 (DE-588)4066596-3 \|2 gnd \|9 rswk-swf
650	0	7	\|a Wissenschaftliches Arbeiten \|0 (DE-588)4066571-9 \|2 gnd \|9 rswk-swf
653			\|a Academic research
653			\|a Academic writing
653			\|a Wissenschaftliches Arbeiten
653			\|a Writing skills
689	0	0	\|a Wissenschaftliches Manuskript \|0 (DE-588)4066596-3 \|D s
689	0	1	\|a Wissenschaftliches Arbeiten \|0 (DE-588)4066571-9 \|D s
689	0		\|5 DE-604
700	1		\|a Werner, Rita \|4 aut
710	2		\|a iCADEMICUS GmbH \|0 (DE-588)1065038070 \|4 pbl
856	4	2	\|m DNB Datenaustausch \|q application/pdf \|u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029078002&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA \|3 Inhaltsverzeichnis
999			\|a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-029078002

Record in the Search Index

_version_	1804176421408473088
adam_text	BRIEF TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE............................................................................................................................................V ABOUT THE AUTHORS................................................................................................. VI BRIEF TABLE OF CONTENTS...............................................................................................................VII DETAILED TABLE OF CONTENTS...........................................................................................................IX 1 FOUNDATIONS.............................................................................................................................1 2 ACADEMIC PRINCIPLES............................................................................................................. 25 3 RESEARCH LOGIC....................................................................................................................... 43 4 RESEARCH PROCESS...................................................................................................................69 5 IDENTIFICATION OF A TOPIC....................................................................................................... 89 6 SOURCING OF INFORM ATION.................................................................................................... 103 7 ELEMENTS OF A RESEARCH PAPER.............................................................................................131 8 INTERPRETATION OF A TO P IC.................................................................................................... 159 9 STRUCTURING TECHNIQUE......................................................................................................... 183 10 REFERENCING......................................................................................................................... 217 11 ACADEMIC LANGUAGE AND WRITING STYLE................................................................................237 12 ARGUMENTATION................................................................................................................... 263 LIST OF FIGURES............................................................................................................................. 289 LIST OF TABLES....................... 295 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS..................................................................................................................297 BIBLIOGRAPHY............................................................................................................................... 299 KEYWORD INDEX........................................................................................................................... 303 DETAILED TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE............................................................................................................................................ V ABOUT THE AUTHORS....................................................................................................................... VI BRIEF TABLE OF CONTENTS............................................................................................................... VII DETAILED TABLE O F CONTENTS...........................................................................................................IX 1 FOUNDATIONS.............................................................................................................................1 1.1 CONTEXT AND RELEVANCE.................................................................................................... 1 1.1.1 CONTEXT OF CHAPTER 1......................................................................................... 1 1.1.2 RELEVANCE O F CHAPTER 1 ..................................................................................... 2 1.1.3 LEARNING OBJECTIVES O F CHAPTER 1......................................................................2 1.2 SAMPLE CASES..................................................................................................................2 1.2.1 PROFESSIONAL RESEARCH........................................................................................ 2 1.2.2 UNIVERSITY RESEARCH........................................................................................... 3 1.2.3 INSTITUTIONAL RESEARCH ......................... 3 1.2.4 COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH......................................................................................3 1.2.5 SIMILARITIES O F SAMPLE CASES.............................................................................. 4 1.3 TERMINOLOGY....................................................................................................................5 1.3.1 ACADEMIA........................................................................................................... 5 1.3.2 SCIENCE .... . ..........................................................................................................6 1.3.3 THEORY................................................................................................................ 7 1.3.4 METHOD, SET O F METHODS AND METHODOLOGY .................................................... 8 1.4 PHILOSOPHICAL CONSIDERATIONS.........................................................................................9 1.4.1 T RU TH ..................................................................................................................9 1.4.2 THEORIES O F TRUTH............................................................................................ 11 1.4.3 ONTOLOGICAL POSITIONS.....................................................................................12 1.4.4 EPISTEMIC OBJECTIVES ...................................................................................... 13 1.4.5 M ODEL............................................................................................................... 15 1.5 BOOK STRUCTURE.............................................................................................................. 17 1.5.1 TOPIC STRUCTURE...................................................... 17 1.5.2 CHAPTER STRUCTURE ................................................ 18 1.6 SUMMARY AND EXERCISES......................... 20 1.6.1 SYNOPSIS.............................. 20 1.6.2 QUESTIONS......................................................................................................... 21 1.6.3 PROBLEM S ......................... 22 1.6.3.1 SCIENCE IN POLITICS............................................................................. 22 1.6.3.2 SCIENCE AT A PARTY.............................................................................. 23 1.6.3.3 FINANCIAL RESEARCH ........................................... 23 1.6.3.4 EPISTEMIC OBJECTIVES ...................................................................... .24 1.6.3.5 REDUCTIVE AND CONSTRUCTIVE M ODELS...............................................24 1.6.4 ADDITIONAL READING............................................................................................24 2 ACADEMIC PRINCIPLES ....................................... . .................................................................... 25 2.1 CONTEXT AND RELEVANCE................................................................................................ 25 2.1.1 CONTEXT O F CHAPTER 2 .................................... 25 2.1.2 RELEVANCE O F CHAPTER 2............................... 26 2.1.3 LEARNING OBJECTIVES O F CHAPTER 2 ................................................................... 27 2.2 ACCURACY....................................................................................................................... 27 2.2.1 OBSERVATION O F APPLICABLE RULES AND NORMS..................................................27 2.2.2 INTERSUBJECTIVE COMPREHENSIBILITY ........................................... 28 2.2.3 TIMELINESS AND CURRENTNESS ..................................................................... 30 2.2.4 TRUE AND FAIR REPRESENTATION.......................................................................... 31 2.3 COMPLETENESS...............................................................................................................32 2.3.1 QUALITATIVE COMPLETENESS................................................................................32 2.3.2 QUANTITATIVE COMPLETENESS.................................................. 32 2.4 CLARITY............................... 33 2.4.1 CLEARNESS ........ . ................................... 33 2.4.2 PROPER COM POSITION ....... ......... 34 2.5 COMPARABILITY...............................................................................................................35 2.5.1 STATUS QUO OF DISCIPLINE....................................................................................35 2.5.2 EXPECTANCY OF DEVIATIONS.................................................................................35 2.6 MATERIALITY.....................................................................................................................36 2.6.1 ADEQUATE REDUCTION O F INHERENT COMPLEXITY ................................................. 36 2.6.2 ADEQUATE DECISION USEFULNESS ........................................................................ 37 2.7 SUMMARY AND EXERCISES...............................................................................................38 2.7.1 SYNOPSIS........................................................................................................... 38 2.7.2 Q UESTIONS........................................................................................................ 39 2.7.3 PROBLEMS.......................................................................................................... 40 2.7.4 ADDITIONAL READING...........................................................................................42 3 RESEARCH LOGIC.......................................................................................................................43 3.1 CONTEXT AND RELEVANCE................................................................................................ 43 3.1.1 CONTEXT OF CHAPTER 3.......................................................................................43 3.1.2 RELEVANCE O F CHAPTER 3 .................................................................................... 44 3.1.3 LEARNING OBJECTIVES O F CHAPTER 3 ................................................................... 44 3.2 REASONING.....................................................................................................................45 3.2.1 TYPES OF REASONING ............................... 45 3.2.2 INDUCTIVE REASONING.........................................................................................46 3.2.3 DEDUCTIVE REASONING.......................................................................................47 3.3 SYLLOGISM...................................................................................................................... 48 3.3.1 LOGICAL REASONING ........................................................................................... 48 3.3.2 MODUS PONENS................................................................................................ 55 3.3.3 MODUS TOLLENS................................................................................................. 56 3.4 FALSIFICATION..................................................................................... 57 3.4.1 FALSIFIABILITY AND VERIFIABILITY O F PROPOSITIONS .............................................. 57 3.4.2 FALSIFICATION WITH MODUS TOLLENS ................................................................... 60 3.4.3 INDICATOR AND CAUSAL HYPOTHESES....................................................................60 3.5 SUMMARY AND EXERCISES.............................................................................................. 64 3.5.1 SYNOPSIS........................ 64 3.5.2 Q UESTIONS........................................................................................................65 3.5.3 PROBLEMS..........................................................................................................67 3.5.3.1 PENICILLIN ........ ................................................................................... 67 3.5.3.2 ECONOMIES O F SCALE.......................................................................... 67 3.5.4 ADDITIONAL READING........................................................................................... 67 4 RESEARCH PROCESS...................................................................................................................69 4.1 CONTEXT AND RELEVANCE.................................................................................................69 4.1.1 CONTEXT O F CHAPTER 4 .......................................................................................69 4.1.2 RELEVANCE O F CHAPTER 4....................................................................................70 4.1.3 LEARNING OBJECTIVES O F CHAPTER 4 ................................................................... 71 4.2 RESEARCH QUESTION AND THE RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS ...................................................... 71 4.2.1 DIFFERENTIATION O F QUESTIONS........................................................... 71 4.2.2 TYPES OF QUESTIONS.......................................................... 72 4.2.3 TYPES OF HYPOTHESIS........................................................................................74 4.2.4 DEPTH O F HYPOTHESES.......................................................................................75 4.2.5 INNER LOGIC O F HYPOTHESES ......................... 75 4.2.6 SCIENTIFIC HYPOTHESES.......................................................................................76 4.2.7 INTERDEPENDENCE O F RESEARCH QUESTION AND HYPOTHESIS ............................... 77 4.2.8 WHY A THESIS IS CALLED A THESIS ...... . .................................................................77 4.3 RESEARCH APPROACHES AND METHODS......................... 78 4.3.1 OVERVIEW O F APPROACHES.................................................................................78 4.3.2 PHILOSOPHICAL RESEARCH....................................................................................78 4.3.3 DEVELOPMENTAL RESEARCH.................................................................................79 4.3.4 EMPIRICAL (SOCIAL) RESEARCH . .............................................................................80 4.3.5 MIXED RESEARCH APPROACHES ....................................... 80 4.4 SCIENTIFIC STYLES AND STRUCTURAL DESIGNS ..... . ................................................................81 4.4.1 OVERVIEW O F SCIENTIFIC STYLES ................... 81 4.4.2 THEORETICAL SOLUTION-DRIVEN STYLE ................................................................... 83 4.4.3 EMPIRICAL SOLUTION-DRIVEN STYLE ................... 84 4.4.4 HYPOTHESIS-DRIVEN STYLE . ............................................... 85 4.5 SUMMARY AND EXERCISES..... ................... 86 4.5.1 SYNOPSIS.............................................................................................................86 4.5.2 Q UESTIONS........................................................................................................ 87 4.5.3 PROBLEM ........................................................................................................... 87 4.5.4 ADDITIONAL READING ............................................ 88 5 IDENTIFICATION OF A TOPIC.......................................................................................................89 5.1 CONTEXT AND RELEVANCE..................................................................................................89 5.1.1 CONTEXT O F CHAPTER 5.......................................................................................89 5.1.2 RELEVANCE O F CHAPTER 5 ................................................................................... 90 5.1.3 LEARNING OBJECTIVES OF CHAPTER 5..................................................................... 90 5.2 CANDIDATE......................................................................................................................91 5.2.1 MOTIVATION....................................................................................................... 91 5.2.2 QUALIFICATION................................................................................................... 91 5.2.3 INFORMATION ACCESS.......................................................................................... 92 5.3 ABSTRACT AND PROBLEM-BASED AIMS............................................................................. 92 5.3.1 DEFINITION........................................................................................................ 92 5.3.2 CHARACTERISTICS................................................................................................. 93 5.4 PROCESS AND TECHNIQUES...............................................................................................93 5.4.1 IDEALISED PROCESS ............................................................................................ 93 5.4.2 TECHNIQUES...................................................................................................... 94 5.5 VERBALISATION................................................................................................................95 5.5.1 TOPIC AND TITLE................................................................................................. 95 5.5.2 QUALITATIVE ASPECTS..........................................................................................97 5.5.3 EXAMPLES O F REFINING A TOPIC .......................................................................... 98 5.6 SUMMARY AND EXERCISES.............................................................................................100 5.6.1 SYNOPSIS......................................................................................................... 100 5.6.2 Q UESTIONS...................................................................................................... 100 5.6.3 PROBLEM ......................................................................................................... 101 5.6.4 ADDITIONAL READING.........................................................................................101 6 SOURCING OF INFORM ATION................................................................................................... 103 6.1 CONTEXT AND RELEVANCE............................................................................................... 103 6.1.1 CONTEXT O F CHAPTER 6 .....................................................................................103 6.1.2 RELEVANCE O F CHAPTER 6..................................................................................104 6.1.3 LEARNING OBJECTIVES O F CHAPTER 6 ................................................................. 104 6.2 INFORMATION SOURCES...................................................................................................105 6.2.1 LITERATURE.................................................................. 105 6.2.2 EMPIRICAL DATA................................................................................................105 6.3 TYPES O F LITERATURE...................................................................................................... 106 6.3.1 MONOGRAPHS AND TEXTBOOKS......................................................................... 106 6.3.2 ARTICLES IN ACADEMIC JOURNALS ..................................... 108 6.3.3 CONCISE DICTIONARIES......................................................................................108 6.3.4 EDITED W ORKS................................................................................. 108 6.3.5 WORKING PAPERS..............................................................................................109 6.3.6 CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS.................................................... 110 6.3.7 WHITE PAPERS AND GREEN PAPERS ................. 110 6.3.8 CONSULTATION PAPERS, TECHNICAL PAPERS, MANUALS ........................................ I L L 6.3.9 LEGAL SOURCES AND DOCUMENTS ............... I L L 6.4 APPRAISAL O F REFERENCES..............................................................................................I L L 6.4.1 CITABILITY ......................... .....ILL 6.4.2 CREDIBILITY....................................................................................................... 112 6.4.3 PEER REVIEW.................................................................................................... 113 6.4.4 CITATION INDICES ................................... 115 6.4.5 JOURNAL RANKINGS ........................................ 116 6.4.6 GREY LITERATURE ................................................................... 117 6.5 LITERATURE SEARCH........................................................................................................ 117 6.5.1 INFORMATION ACCESS AND RETRIEVAL........................ 117 6.5.2 SEARCH STRATEGIES.............................................................................................120 6.5.3 THESAURUS............................................................................................. 122 6.5.4 SEARCH LOGIC ..... . ............ 123 6.5.4.1 TRUNCATION................................................ 123 6.5.4.2 BOOLEAN OPERATIONS ................... 125 6.5.4.3 PHRASE SEARCHING............................................................................. 126 6.6 SUMMARY AND EXERCISES........................................................................................... 127 6.6.1 SYNOPSIS......................................................................................................... 127 6.6.2 Q UESTIONS...................................................................................................... 128 6.6.3 PROBLEMS........................................................................................................ 129 6.6.3.1 CITATION INDICES ............................................................................. 129 6.6.3.2 PEER REVIEW.................................................................................... 129 6.6.4 ADDITIONAL READING......................................................................................... 130 7 ELEMENTS OF A RESEARCH PAPER.............................................................................................131 7.1 CONTEXT AND RELEVANCE..............................................................................................131 7.1.1 CONTEXT OF CHAPTER 7.....................................................................................131 7.1.2 RELEVANCE OF CHAPTER 7 ................................................................................. 132 7.1.3 LEARNING OBJECTIVES OF CHAPTER 7...................................................................133 7.2 STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS AND THEIR APPLICATION............................................................... 133 7.2.1 THE FOUR SECTIONS OF A RESEARCH PAPER......................................................... 133 7.2.2 PAGE NUMBERING O F SECTIONS ........................................................................ 134 7.2.3 THE THREE TYPES O F STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS ........................................................ 135 7.2.3.1 OVERVIEW.................................................... 135 7.2.3.2 MANDATORY STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS ..................................................... 136 7.2.3.3 OPTIONAL STRUCTURAL ELEM ENTS ....................................................... 137 7.2.3.4 SPECIAL STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS........................................................... 138 7.2.4 APPLICATION.................................................................................................... 139 7.3 DESCRIPTION OF STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS ......................................................................... 140 7.3.1 ELEMENTS .... . ...................................................................................................140 7.3.2 COVER PAGE.................................................................................................... 140 7.3.3 ABSTRACT......................................................................................................... 141 7.3.4 OUTLINE........................................................................................................... 143 7.3.5 DIRECTORIES..................................................................................................... 145 7.3.6 MAIN BO D Y ..................................................................................................... 147 7.3.6.1 NUMBERING AND STRUCTURING......................................................... 147 7.3.6.2 INTERMEDIATE TE X T.......................................................................... 151 7.3.6.3 FIGURES AND TABLES......................................................................... 152 7.3.7 BIBLIOGRAPHY AND REFERENCES ......................................................................... 152 7.3.8 GLOSSARY......................................................................................................... 154 7.3.9 APPENDIX........................................................................................................ 155 7.3.10 DECLARATION O F ORIGINALITY.............................................................................. 155 7.3.11 DATA CARRIER.................................................................................................... 155 7.4 SUMMARY AND EXERCISES.............................................................................................. 156 7.4.1 SYNOPSIS.......................................................................................................... 156 7.4.2 QUESTIONS....................................................................................................... 156 7.4.3 PROBLEM..................................................................... 157 8 INTERPRETATION O F A TOPIC............................................. . ..................... . ................................159 8.1 CONTEXT AND RELEVANCE...............................................................................................159 8.1.1 CONTEXT OF CHAPTER 8 .....................................................................................159 8.1.2 RELEVANCE O F CHAPTER 8 ........ 160 8.1.3 LEARNING OBJECTIVES O F CHAPTER 8 ..... 160 8.2 INTERPRETATION TECHNIQUE............................................................................................161 8.2.1 PROCESS O F INTERPRETATION . ............................................................. 161 8.2.2 NEGATIVE INTERPRETATION............................ 162 8.2.3 POSITIVE INTERPRETATION...................................................................................163 8.2.4 DECISION ON AN AIM........................................................................................163 8.2.5 SAMPLE CASE WINDY DECISION .................................................................... 164 8.3 ABSTRACT INTERPRETATION.................................................................... 166 8.3.1 ABSTRACT ANALYSIS OF AIM S........................ 166 8.3.2 DESCRIPTION.................................................................................................... 167 8.3.3 CAUSAL CONNECTION...................... 168 8.3.4 INTENTION .............. 169 8.3.5 FUNCTION.............................................................................. 171 8.3.6 COMPARISON............................................................................. 172 8.4 PROBLEM-BASED INTERPRETATION............................ 174 8.4.1 PROBLEM-BASED ANALYSIS O F AIMS ................................................................... 174 8.4.2 SAMPLE CASE SINKING SHIPS ........... ....................................... 174 8.4.3 SAMPLE CASE SMELLY SHAMPOO ...................................................................175 8.4.4 SAMPLE CASE PRINTING MONEY.....................................................................176 8.4.5 SAMPLE CASE WINDY DECISION .............................. 177 8.4.6 SAMPLE CASE CLARA COUTURE ...................................................................... 178 8.4.7 IMPLICATIONS O F SAMPLE CASES ....................................................................... 179 8.5 SUMMARY AND EXERCISES.............................................................................................179 8.5.1 SYNOPSIS......................................................................................................... 179 8.5.2 Q UESTIONS...................................................................................................... 180 8.5.3 PROBLEM ......................................................................................................... 181 8.5.4 ADDITIONAL READING......................................................................................... 181 9 STRUCTURING TECHNIQUE.......................................................................................................... 183 9.1 CONTEXT AND RELEVANCE...............................................................................................183 9.1.1 CONTEXT OF CHAPTER 9..................................................................................... 183 9.1.2 RELEVANCE OF CHAPTER 9 .................................................................................184 9.1.3 LEARNING OBJECTIVES OF CHAPTER 9..................................................................185 9.2 DEDUCTIVE REASONING AND RESEARCH PROBLEM ...... ....................................................185 9.2.1 FROM TITLE TO RESEARCH QUESTION....................................................................185 9.2.2 DEDUCTION OF MAJOR COMPONENTS................................................................187 9.2.3 STRUCTURE OF A RESEARCH PROBLEM ..................................................................189 9.2.4 RULES...............................................................................................................190 9.3 RESEARCH PROBLEM, OUTLINE AND COURSE OF INVESTIGATION........................................191 9.3.1 ALIGNING RESEARCH QUESTION AND OUTLINE.......................................................191 9.3.2 STRUCTURE OF OUTLINE.......................................................................................192 9.3.3 ALIGNING COURSE OF INVESTIGATION AND OUTLINE...............................................193 9.3.4 ALIGNING AND THE TRIANGLE OF SYNCHRONISATION ............................................. 194 9.3.5 RESEARCH METHOD...........................................................................................195 9.4 CONCLUSION, SUMMARY, CRITICAL ACCLAIM AND OUTLOOK ............................................. 196 9.4.1 CONCLUSION.....................................................................................................196 9.4.2 SUMMARY........................................................................................................ 197 9.4.3 ALIGNING SUMMARY AND OUTLINE .................................................................... 198 9.4.4 CRITICAL ACCLAIM...............................................................................................198 9.4.5 O UTLOOK ..... . ....................................................................................................199 9.5 INTERPRETATION-BASED STRUCTURING .................. 200 9.5.1 IMPACT OF INTERPRETATION ON STRUCTURING......................................................200 9.5.2 EXAMPLES ........................................................................ 202 9.5.2.1 DESCRIPTION....................................................................................202 9.5.2.2 CAUSAL CONNECTION......................................................................... 204 9.5.2.3 INTENTION ......................................................................................... 205 9.5.2.4 FUNCTION ........................................................................ 206 9.5.2.5 COM PARISON....................................................................................207 9.6 ADVANCED STRUCTURING TECHNIQUES....................................................... 209 9.6.1 IM R AD .................................................... 209 9.6.2 VARIATIONS....................................................................................................... 209 9.6.3 SECTIONS .................... 210 9.6.4 HOURGLASS M ODEL........................................................................................... 211 9.7 SUMMARY AND EXERCISES......................................................................................... 212 9.7.1 SYNOPSIS...................................................................................................... ...212 9.7.2 QUESTIONS....................................................................................................... 212 9.7.3 PROBLEM S........................................................................................................ 213 9.7.3.1 ALIGNING TOPIC, AIM AND RESEARCH QUESTION ...... ............................213 9.7.3.2 ALIGNING AIM AND STRUCTURE OF OUTLINE.......................................... 215 10 REFERENCING....................................................................................................................... 217 10.1 CONTEXT AND RELEVANCE............................................................................ ..... . .......... 217 10.1.1 CONTEXT O F CHAPTER 10 ...... .................................................................. . ....... 217 10.1.2 RELEVANCE O F CHAPTER 1 0 ....... . ..................................................................... 218 10.1.3 LEARNING OBJECTIVES OF CHAPTER 10 ........ .......................... . ...........................218 10.2 PRINCIPLES O F REFERENCING.................................... ....................................... ....... . ..... 219 10.2.1 LOGIC AND IMPORTANCE O F REFERENCES ........................................................... 219 10.2.2 CITATION.............................................................................. 220 10.2.2.1 RULES.............................................................................................. 220 10.2.2.2 DIRECT CITATIONS (QUOTATIONS).........................................................221 10.2.2.3 INDIRECT CITATIONS (PARAPHRASES).................................................... 223 10.2.3 INDICATION .............................................................. 223 10.2.4 CROSS REFERENCE..............................................................................................224 10.2.5 INFORMATION................................................................................................... 224 10.2.6 EXPLANATION................................................................................................... 224 10.3 PARENTHETICAL REFERENCING............................................... 225 10.3.1 MAJOR STYLES................................................................................................... 225 10.3.2 ACADEMIC STYLES ............................................................................................ 226 10.3.3 AUTHOR-DATE M ETHOD.....................................................................................226 10.3.4 AUTHOR-TITLE METHOD/AUTHOR-PAGE M ETHOD ................................................ 228 10.3.5 UNSTRUCTURED BIBLIOGRAPHY OR UNSTRUCTURED LIST OF REFERENCES .................. 228 10.3.6 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES .................................................................... 229 10.4 FOOTNOTE REFERENCING................................................................................................ 230 10.4.1 MAJOR STYLES AND RULES...................................................................................230 10.4.2 STRUCTURED BIBLIOGRAPHY OR STRUCTURED LIST OF REFERENCES...........................231 10.4.3 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES ................ 231 10.5 ACADEMIC ABBREVIATIONS............................................................................................232 10.6 SUMMARY AND EXERCISES ............................................................................................ 234 10.6.1 SYNOPSIS......................................................................................................... 234 10.6.2 Q UESTIONS.............................................. 234 10.6.3 PROBLEM .........................................................................................................235 10.6.4 ADDITIONAL READING.........................................................................................235 11 ACADEMIC LANGUAGE AND WRITING STYLE...............................................................................237 11.1 CONTEXT AND RELEVANCE.............................................................................................. 237 11.1.1 CONTEXT O F CHAPTER 11...................................................................................237 11.1.2 RELEVANCE OF CHAPTER 11...............................................................................238 11.1.3 LEARNING OBJECTIVES OF CHAPTER 11........................................................ 238 11.2 PRINCIPLES O F ACADEMIC WRITING.................................................................................239 11.2.1 THE LANGUAGE OF SCIENCE............................................................................. 239 11.2.2 EXAMPLES O F NON-ACADEMIC LANGUAGE ........................................................ 239 11.2.3 ACADEMIC AND LITERARY WRITING................................................ . .................... 240 11.2.4 ACADEMIC WRITING STYLES .... . ..... . ...................................................................241 11.2.5 PRINCIPLES OF ACCURACY AND CLARITY............................................................... 242 11.2.5.1 BE SPECIFIC............................ 242 11.2.5.2 OMIT THE NEEDLESS.......................................................................... 243 11.2.5.3 BEWARE OF ADJECTIVES...................................................................... 244 11.2.5.4 AVOID SUBJECTIVITY.......................................................................... 245 11.2.5.5 APPLY FACTUAL TONALITY............................ 246 11.2.5.6 FOCUS ON CLEAR PHRASING................................................................ 247 11.3 LOGIC OF ARGUMENTATION, PHRASING AND SYNTAX ....... . ............................................... 248 11.3.1 LOGICAL WRITING ......... ...................................................................................... 248 11.3.2 COHESION........................................................................................................ 249 11.3.2.1 LINKS BETWEEN SENTENCES............................................................... 249 11.3.2.2 LINKS WITHIN SENTENCES.................................................................. 250 11.3.2.3 LINKING REPETITION ......... . .................................................................252 11.4 RULES O F SPELLING AND PUNCTUATION............................................................. . ............ 253 11.4.1 BRITISH OR AMERICAN ENGLISH........................................................................ 253 11.4.2 BRITISH VERSUS AMERICAN ENGLISH * SPELLING..............................................254 11.4.3 BRITISH VERSUS AMERICAN ENGLISH - VOCABULARY ............... 256 11.4.4 PUNCTUATION..................................................................................................256 11.4.4.1 COM M A ............... 256 11.4.4.2 EXCLAMATION MARK, QUESTION MARK, HYPHEN, DASH ......... ............ 258 11.4.5 SPECIAL CHARACTERS, SYMBOLS, FIGURES ........................................................... 259 11.5 SUMMARY AND EXERCISES ........ ............................... .................................. . .... . .......... . 260 11.5.1 SYNOPSIS.......................................................................................................... 260 11.5.2 QUESTIONS....................................................................................................... 261 11.5.3 ADDITIONAL READING....................................................................................... 262 12 ARGUMENTATION ....... ................................... ........................................ ...............................263 12.1 CONTEXT AND RELEVANCE......................................................... .................................. 263 12.1.1 CONTEXT O F CHAPTER 12. ..... 263 12.1.2 RELEVANCE OF CHAPTER 12............................................................................... 264 12.1.3 LEARNING OBJECTIVES O F CHAPTER 1 2 .............................................................. 264 12.2 DEFINITIONS......................................................................... 265 12.2.1 PURPOSE..........................................................................................................265 12.2.2 COVERAGE........................................................................................................ 266 12.2.3 TECHNIQUE...................................................................................................... 267 12.3 STRUCTURE O F A PARAGRAPH............................................................................................268 12.3.1 CHARACTERISTICS OF A PARAGRAPH ..................................................................... 268 12.3.2 TOPIC SENTENCE.............................................................................................. 270 12.3.3 SUPPORTING SENTENCES....................................................................................271 12.3.4 CONCLUDING SENTENCE.....................................................................................273 12.3.5 COHESION........................................................................................................ 276 12.3.6 INDENTATION.................................................................................................... 277 12.4 FLOW OF PARAGRAPHS............................................................................................... ....278 12.4.1 FROM PARAGRAPH TO PARAGRAPH ..................................................................... 278 12.4.2 FROM PARAGRAPH TO CHAPTER.......................................................................... 280 12.4.3 ITERATIVE CHARACTER OF CHAPTER STRUCTURING...................................................280 12.5 REASONING.................................................................................................................. 281 12.5.1 TECHNICAL ASPECTS .......................................................................................... 281 12.5.2 QUALITATIVE ASPECTS........................................................................................283 12.5.3 PERSONAL CONTRIBUTION...................................................................................284 12.6 SUMMARY AND EXERCISES............................................................................................ 285 12.6.1 SYNOPSIS.........................................................................................................285 12.6.2 Q UESTIONS......................................................................................................286 12.6.3 FINAL PROBLEM................................................................................................ 287 12.6.4 ADDITIONAL READING.........................................................................................287 LIST OF FIGURES.............................................................................................................................289 LIST OF TABLES...............................................................................................................................295 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .................................. 297 BIBLIOGRAPHY...............................................................................................................................299 KEYWORD INDEX 303
any_adam_object	1
author	Decker, Christian Werner, Rita
author_facet	Decker, Christian Werner, Rita
author_role	aut aut
author_sort	Decker, Christian
author_variant	c d cd r w rw
building	Verbundindex
bvnumber	BV043664718
classification_rvk	AK 39580 AK 39900
ctrlnum	(OCoLC)965802202 (DE-599)DNB1103513192
dewey-full	330
dewey-hundreds	300 - Social sciences
dewey-ones	330 - Economics
dewey-raw	330
dewey-search	330
dewey-sort	3330
dewey-tens	330 - Economics
discipline	Allgemeines Wirtschaftswissenschaften
format	Book
fullrecord	<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>01979nam a2200517 c 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">BV043664718</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-604</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20170830 </controlfield><controlfield tag="007">t</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">160711s2016 gw a\|\|\| \|\|\|\| 00\|\|\| eng d</controlfield><datafield tag="015" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">16,N25</subfield><subfield code="2">dnb</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="016" ind1="7" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">1103513192</subfield><subfield code="2">DE-101</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">9783981558616</subfield><subfield code="c">Broschur : EUR 16.90 (DE), EUR 17.40 (AT)</subfield><subfield code="9">978-3-9815586-1-6</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">3981558618</subfield><subfield code="9">3-9815586-1-8</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="024" ind1="3" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">9783981558616</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)965802202</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)DNB1103513192</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-604</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="e">rda</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="044" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">gw</subfield><subfield code="c">XA-DE-HE</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="049" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-M382</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-898</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-N2</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-523</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-11</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="082" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">330</subfield><subfield code="2">23</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">AK 39580</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-625)2617:</subfield><subfield code="2">rvk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">AK 39900</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-625)2625:</subfield><subfield code="2">rvk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">330</subfield><subfield code="2">sdnb</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Decker, Christian</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Academic research and writing</subfield><subfield code="b">a concise introduction</subfield><subfield code="c">Christian Decker and Rita Werner</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Frankfurt am Main</subfield><subfield code="b">iCADEMICUS</subfield><subfield code="c">[2016]</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="c">© 2016</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">XXI, 308 Seiten</subfield><subfield code="b">Illustrationen, Diagramme</subfield><subfield code="c">17 cm x 22 cm, 592 g</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">n</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">nc</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Wissenschaftliches Manuskript</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4066596-3</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Wissenschaftliches Arbeiten</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4066571-9</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Academic research</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Academic writing</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Wissenschaftliches Arbeiten</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Writing skills</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Wissenschaftliches Manuskript</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4066596-3</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Wissenschaftliches Arbeiten</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4066571-9</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Werner, Rita</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="710" ind1="2" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">iCADEMICUS GmbH</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)1065038070</subfield><subfield code="4">pbl</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">DNB Datenaustausch</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029078002&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Inhaltsverzeichnis</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="999" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-029078002</subfield></datafield></record></collection>
id	DE-604.BV043664718
illustrated	Illustrated
indexdate	2024-07-10T07:31:55Z
institution	BVB
institution_GND	(DE-588)1065038070
isbn	9783981558616 3981558618
language	English
oai_aleph_id	oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-029078002
oclc_num	965802202
open_access_boolean
owner	DE-M382 DE-898 DE-BY-UBR DE-N2 DE-523 DE-11
owner_facet	DE-M382 DE-898 DE-BY-UBR DE-N2 DE-523 DE-11
physical	XXI, 308 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme 17 cm x 22 cm, 592 g
publishDate	2016
publishDateSearch	2016
publishDateSort	2016
publisher	iCADEMICUS
record_format	marc
spelling	Decker, Christian aut Academic research and writing a concise introduction Christian Decker and Rita Werner Frankfurt am Main iCADEMICUS [2016] © 2016 XXI, 308 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme 17 cm x 22 cm, 592 g txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Wissenschaftliches Manuskript (DE-588)4066596-3 gnd rswk-swf Wissenschaftliches Arbeiten (DE-588)4066571-9 gnd rswk-swf Academic research Academic writing Wissenschaftliches Arbeiten Writing skills Wissenschaftliches Manuskript (DE-588)4066596-3 s Wissenschaftliches Arbeiten (DE-588)4066571-9 s DE-604 Werner, Rita aut iCADEMICUS GmbH (DE-588)1065038070 pbl DNB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029078002&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis
spellingShingle	Decker, Christian Werner, Rita Academic research and writing a concise introduction Wissenschaftliches Manuskript (DE-588)4066596-3 gnd Wissenschaftliches Arbeiten (DE-588)4066571-9 gnd
subject_GND	(DE-588)4066596-3 (DE-588)4066571-9
title	Academic research and writing a concise introduction
title_auth	Academic research and writing a concise introduction
title_exact_search	Academic research and writing a concise introduction
title_full	Academic research and writing a concise introduction Christian Decker and Rita Werner
title_fullStr	Academic research and writing a concise introduction Christian Decker and Rita Werner
title_full_unstemmed	Academic research and writing a concise introduction Christian Decker and Rita Werner
title_short	Academic research and writing
title_sort	academic research and writing a concise introduction
title_sub	a concise introduction
topic	Wissenschaftliches Manuskript (DE-588)4066596-3 gnd Wissenschaftliches Arbeiten (DE-588)4066571-9 gnd
topic_facet	Wissenschaftliches Manuskript Wissenschaftliches Arbeiten
url	http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029078002&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA
work_keys_str_mv	AT deckerchristian academicresearchandwritingaconciseintroduction AT wernerrita academicresearchandwritingaconciseintroduction AT icademicusgmbh academicresearchandwritingaconciseintroduction

Holdings

There is no print copy available.

Interlibrary loan Place Request Caution: Not in THWS collection! Indexes

MARC

Record in the Search Index

There is no print copy available.

Similar Items